Journal articles: 'Paper-based substrates'

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Joshi, Pushkaraj, and Venugopal Santhanam. "Paper-based SERS active substrates on demand." RSC Adv. 6, no. 72 (2016): 68545–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra07280a.

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He, Han, Lauri Sydänheimo, Johanna Virkki, and Leena Ukkonen. "Experimental Study on Inkjet-Printed Passive UHF RFID Tags on Versatile Paper-Based Substrates." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9265159.

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We present the possibilities and challenges of passive UHF RFID tag antennas manufactured by inkjet printing silver nanoparticle ink on versatile paper-based substrates. The most efficient manufacturing parameters, such as the pattern resolution, were determined and the optimal number of printed layers was evaluated for each substrate material. Next, inkjet-printed passive UHF RFID tags were fabricated on each substrate with the optimized parameters and number of layers. According to our measurements, the tags on different paper substrates showed peak read ranges of 4–6.5 meters and the tags on different cardboard substrates exhibited peak read ranges of 2–6 meters. Based on their wireless performance, these inkjet-printed paper-based passive UHF RFID tags are sufficient for many future wireless applications and comparable to tags fabricated on more traditional substrates, such as polyimide.

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Andersson, Henrik, Anatoliy Manuilskiy, Britta Andres, et al. "Contacting paper-based supercapacitors to printed electronics on paper substrates." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 27, no. 2 (2012): 476–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3183/npprj-2012-27-02-p476-480.

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Abstract Hybrid printed electronics, in which printed structures and silicon-based components co-exist will likely be among the first commercial solutions. In this case the paper substrate acts much in the same way as circuit boards, containing conductive tracks and acting as a carrier for the electrical components. It is important to consider the contacting of the components to be able to produce low resistance electrical contacts to the conductive tracks. Supercapacitors are able to deliver a large amount of current in a short time and are a good option for short term energy storage and if the printed product is to be used only one, or a few times, it can be the only power source needed. When manufacturing printed electronics, the overall resistance of the printed tracks as well as the contact resistance of the mounted components will add up to the total resistance of the system. A high resistance will cause a voltage drop from the power source to the component. This will waste power that goes to Joule heating and also the voltage and current available to components may be too low to drive them. If the intention is to use a power supply such as batteries or solar cells this becomes a limitation. In this article have been tested several conductive adhesives used to contact paper based supercapacitors to ink jet printed silver tracks on paper. The best adhesive gives about 0.3 Ω per contact, a factor 17 better compared to the worst which gave 5 Ω. The peak power that is possible to take out from a printed system with a flexible battery and super capacitors is about 10 times higher than compared with the same system with only the battery.

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Nguyen Thi, Bich Ngoc, Viet Ha Chu, Thi Thuy Nguyen, Trong Nghia Nguyen, and Hong Nhung Tran. "Optimization and Characterization of Paper-based SERS Substrates for Detection of Melamine." Communications in Physics 30, no. 4 (2020): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0868-3166/30/0/14832.

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A flexible low-cost paper-based surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate was successfully manufactured by a direct chemical reduction of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) onto a common commercially available filter paper. Characterization of fabricated paper-based SERS substrate and the influences of the silver nitrate concentration, type of paper on SERS signal were systematically investigated. In order to fabricate SERS substrates with the highest quality, a suitable one from four different types of filter papers was chosen. The prepared SERS substrates have capability for detecting food toxic chemicals. The test of detecting melamine in aqueous solution was successfully demonstrated with the limit of detection for melamine is 10-7M.

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Yang, Gwangseok, Chongmin Lee, Jihyun Kim, Fan Ren, and Stephen J. Pearton. "Flexible graphene-based chemical sensors on paper substrates." Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 15, no. 6 (2013): 1798–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2cp43717a.

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Hyun, Woo Jin, O. Ok Park, and Byung Doo Chin. "Foldable Graphene Electronic Circuits Based on Paper Substrates." Advanced Materials 25, no. 34 (2013): 4729–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201302063.

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Alder, Rhiannon, Jungmi Hong, Edith Chow, et al. "Application of Plasma-Printed Paper-Based SERS Substrate for Cocaine Detection." Sensors 21, no. 3 (2021): 810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21030810.

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Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) technology is an attractive method for the prompt and accurate on-site screening of illicit drugs. As portable Raman systems are available for on-site screening, the readiness of SERS technology for sensing applications is predominantly dependent on the accuracy, stability and cost-effectiveness of the SERS strip. An atmospheric-pressure plasma-assisted chemical deposition process that can deposit an even distribution of nanogold particles in a one-step process has been developed. The process was used to print a nanogold film on a paper-based substrate using a HAuCl4 solution precursor. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis demonstrates that the gold has been fully reduced and that subsequent plasma post-treatment decreases the carbon content of the film. Results for cocaine detection using this substrate were compared with two commercial SERS substrates, one based on nanogold on paper and the currently available best commercial SERS substrate based on an Ag pillar structure. A larger number of bands associated with cocaine was detected using the plasma-printed substrate than the commercial substrates across a range of cocaine concentrations from 1 to 5000 ng/mL. A detection limit as low as 1 ng/mL cocaine with high spatial uniformity was demonstrated with the plasma-printed substrate. It is shown that the plasma-printed substrate can be produced at a much lower cost than the price of the commercial substrate.

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Malik, H. I., M. Y. Ismail, S. R. Masrol, and Sharmiza Adnan. "Reflection phase analysis of reflectarray antenna based on paper substrate materials." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 13, no. 2 (2019): 766. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v13.i2.pp766-772.

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<span>This article presents an analysis of reflection loss and reflection phase behavior of a novel microstrip reflectarray antenna, embedded on paper substrate material. Two different paper substrates were first analyzed for dielectric material properties. A detailed analysis of scattering parameters of rectangular patch element with variable substrate heights has been carried out. Rectangular patch elements fabricated using adhesive copper tape over the paper substrate, show that a wide bandwidth is achieved compared to available conventional substrate materials. Fabricated patch elements over paper substrate material show a broadband frequency response of 340 and 290 MHz. It has also been demonstrated that the measured reflection phase ranges for both the substrate cover 310º and 294º at low phase gradients of 0.12 and 0.24 º/MHz respectively.</span>

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Xie, Jingjin, Qiang Chen, Poornima Suresh, Subrata Roy, James F. White, and Aaron D. Mazzeo. "Paper-based plasma sanitizers." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 20 (2017): 5119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1621203114.

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This work describes disposable plasma generators made from metallized paper. The fabricated plasma generators with layered and patterned sheets of paper provide a simple and flexible format for dielectric barrier discharge to create atmospheric plasma without an applied vacuum. The porosity of paper allows gas to permeate its bulk volume and fuel plasma, while plasma-induced forced convection cools the substrate. When electrically driven with oscillating peak-to-peak potentials of ±1 to ±10 kV, the paper-based devices produced both volume and surface plasmas capable of killing microbes. The plasma sanitizers deactivated greater than 99% of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and greater than 99.9% of Escherichia coli cells with 30 s of noncontact treatment. Characterization of plasma generated from the sanitizers revealed a detectable level of UV-C (1.9 nW⋅cm−2⋅nm−1), modest surface temperature (60 °C with 60 s of activation), and a high level of ozone (13 ppm with 60 s of activation). These results deliver insights into the mechanisms and suitability of paper-based substrates for active antimicrobial sanitization with scalable, flexible sheets. In addition, this work shows how paper-based generators are conformable to curved surfaces, appropriate for kirigami-like “stretchy” structures, compatible with user interfaces, and suitable for sanitization of microbes aerosolized onto a surface. In general, these disposable plasma generators represent progress toward biodegradable devices based on flexible renewable materials, which may impact the future design of protective garments, skin-like sensors for robots or prosthetics, and user interfaces in contaminated environments.

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Teixeira, Alexandra, Juan Hernández-Rodríguez, Lei Wu, et al. "Microfluidics-Driven Fabrication of a Low Cost and Ultrasensitive SERS-Based Paper Biosensor." Applied Sciences 9, no. 7 (2019): 1387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9071387.

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Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy stands out due to its sensitivity, selectivity, and multiplex ability. The development of ready-to-use, simple, and low-cost SERS substrates is one of the main challenges of the field. In this paper, the intrinsic reproducibility of microfluidics technology was used for the fabrication of self-assembled nanoparticle structures over a paper film. The paper SERS substrates were fabricated by assembling anisotropic particles, gold nanostars (GNSs), and nanorods (NRs) onto paper to offer an extra enhancement to reach ultra-sensitive detection limits. A polydimethylsiloxane PDMS-paper hybrid device was used to control the drying kinetics of the nanoparticles over the paper substrate. This method allowed a high reproducibility and homogeneity of the fabrication of SERS substrates that reach limits of detection down to the picomolar range. This simple and low-cost fabrication of a paper-based sensing device was tested for the discrimination of different cell lineages.

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Lang, Augustus W., Anna M. Österholm, and John R. Reynolds. "Paper‐Based Electrochromic Devices Enabled by Nanocellulose‐Coated Substrates." Advanced Functional Materials 29, no. 39 (2019): 1903487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201903487.

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12

Polino, Giuseppina, Alessandro Scaramella, Valerio Manca, et al. "Nanodiamond‐Based Separators for Supercapacitors Realized on Paper Substrates." Energy Technology 8, no. 6 (2020): 1901233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ente.201901233.

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Matias, M. L., D. Nunes, A. Pimentel, et al. "Paper-Based Nanoplatforms for Multifunctional Applications." Journal of Nanomaterials 2019 (April 4, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6501923.

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In this work, zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanostructures were grown on different cellulose paper substrates, namely, Whatman, office, and commercial hospital papers, using a hydrothermal method assisted by microwave irradiation. Pure ZnO and TiO2 nanostructures were synthesized; however, the growth of TiO2 above ZnO was also investigated to produce a uniform heterostructure. Continuous ZnO nanorod arrays were grown on Whatman and hospital papers; however, on office paper, the formation of nanoplates originating nanoflower structures could be observed. TiO2 nanoparticles homogeneously covered all the substrates, in some conditions forming uniform TiO2 films. Structural characterization was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. The optical characterization of all the materials was carried out. The produced materials were investigated for multifunctional applications, like photocatalyst agents, bacterial inactivators, and ultraviolet (UV) sensors. To evaluate the photocatalytic activity under UV and solar radiations, rhodamine B was the model-test contaminant indicator and the best photocatalytic activity was achieved with Whatman paper. Hospital paper with TiO2 nanoparticles showed significant antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus. ZnO-based UV sensors demonstrated a responsivity of 0.61 μA W-1.

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Gutiérrez-Capitán, Manuel, Antonio Baldi, and César Fernández-Sánchez. "Electrochemical Paper-Based Biosensor Devices for Rapid Detection of Biomarkers." Sensors 20, no. 4 (2020): 967. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20040967.

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In healthcare, new diagnostic tools that help in the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of diseases rapidly and accurately are in high demand. For in-situ measurement of disease or infection biomarkers, point-of-care devices provide a dramatic speed advantage over conventional techniques, thus aiding clinicians in decision-making. During the last decade, paper-based analytical devices, combining paper substrates and electrochemical detection components, have emerged as important point-of-need diagnostic tools. This review highlights significant works on this topic over the last five years, from 2015 to 2019. The most relevant articles published in 2018 and 2019 are examined in detail, focusing on device fabrication techniques and materials applied to the production of paper fluidic and electrochemical cell architectures as well as on the final device assembly. Two main approaches were identified, that are, on one hand, those ones where the fabrication of the electrochemical cell is done on the paper substrate, where the fluidic structures are also defined, and, on the other hand, the fabrication of those ones where the electrochemical cell and liquid-driving paper component are defined on different substrates and then heterogeneously assembled. The main limitations of the current technologies are outlined and an outlook on the current technology status and future prospects is given.

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15

Shaker, George, Safieddin Safavi-Naeini, Nagula Sangary, and Manos M. Tentzeris. "Inkjet Printing of Ultrawideband (UWB) Antennas on Paper-Based Substrates." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 10 (2011): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2011.2106754.

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Jiang, Jie, Jia Sun, Wei Dou, and Qing Wan. "Junctionless Flexible Oxide-Based Thin-Film Transistors on Paper Substrates." IEEE Electron Device Letters 33, no. 1 (2012): 65–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/led.2011.2172973.

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17

Mohammadi, Saeed, Lori Shayne Alamo Busa, Masatoshi Maeki, et al. "Novel concept of washing for microfluidic paper-based analytical devices based on capillary force of paper substrates." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 408, no. 27 (2016): 7559–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-016-9853-9.

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Dogome, Kazutomo, Toshiharu Enomae, and Akira Isogai. "Method for controlling surface energies of paper substrates to create paper-based printed electronics." Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification 68 (June 2013): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2013.01.003.

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19

Lan, Leilei, Xiangyu Hou, Yimeng Gao, Xingce Fan, and Teng Qiu. "Inkjet-printed paper-based semiconducting substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy." Nanotechnology 31, no. 5 (2019): 055502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ab4f11.

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Wu, Guodong, Jin Zhang, Xiang Wan, Yi Yang, and Shuanghe Jiang. "Chitosan-based biopolysaccharide proton conductors for synaptic transistors on paper substrates." J. Mater. Chem. C 2, no. 31 (2014): 6249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4tc00652f.

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The chitosan-based paper synaptic transistors were successfully used as artificial synapses for emulating biological synaptic functions, including excitatory postsynaptic current, paired-pulse facilitation, dynamic filtering and spatiotemporally correlated signal processing.

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21

Xu, Fugang, Mengren Xuan, Zixiang Ben, Wenjuan Shang, and Guangran Ma. "Surface enhanced Raman scattering analysis with filter-based enhancement substrates: A mini review." Reviews in Analytical Chemistry 40, no. 1 (2021): 75–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revac-2021-0126.

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Abstract Surface enhanced Raman is a powerful analytical tool with high sensitivity and unique specificity and promising applications in various branches of analytical chemistry. Despite the fabrication of ingenious enhancement substrate used in laboratory research, the development of simple, flexible, and cost-effective substrate is also great important for promoting the application of SERS in practical analysis. Recently, paper and filter membrane as support to fabricate flexible SERS substrates received considerable attentions. Paper-based SERS substrate has been reviewed but no summary on filter-based SERS substrate is available. Compared with paper, filter membrane has unique advantage in robust mechanics, diverse component, and tunable pore size. These characteristics endow the filter-based substrates great advantages for practical SERS analysis including simple and low-cost substrate preparation, high efficiency in preconcentration, separation and detection procedure. Therefore, filter-based substrates have shown great promise in SERS analysis in environment monitoring, food safety with high sensitivity and efficiency. As more and more work has been emerged, it is necessary to summarize the state of such a research topic. Here, the research on filter involved SERS analysis in the past eight years is summarized. A short introduction was presented to understand the background, and then the brief history of filter-based substrate is introduced. After that, the preparation of filter-based substrate and the role of filter are summarized. Then, the application of filter involved SERS substrate in analysis is presented. Finally, the challenges and perspective on this topic is discussed.

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Elizalde, Emanuel, Raúl Urteaga, and Claudio L. A. Berli. "Rational design of capillary-driven flows for paper-based microfluidics." Lab on a Chip 15, no. 10 (2015): 2173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4lc01487a.

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We present a tool that allows one to determine the cross-sectional profile required for a programmed liquid front velocity or flow rate during lateral imbibition in paper substrates. New regimes can be designed, i.e. constant liquid front velocity.

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Qiu, Yu, Heqiu Zhang, Lizhong Hu, et al. "Flexible piezoelectric nanogenerators based on ZnO nanorods grown on common paper substrates." Nanoscale 4, no. 20 (2012): 6568. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2nr31031g.

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Costa-Rama, Estefanía, and María Teresa Fernández-Abedul. "Paper-Based Screen-Printed Electrodes: A New Generation of Low-Cost Electroanalytical Platforms." Biosensors 11, no. 2 (2021): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios11020051.

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Screen-printed technology has helped considerably to the development of portable electrochemical sensors since it provides miniaturized but robust and user-friendly electrodes. Moreover, this technology allows to obtain very versatile transducers, not only regarding their design, but also their ease of modification. Therefore, in the last decades, the use of screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) has exponentially increased, with ceramic as the main substrate. However, with the growing interest in the use of cheap and widely available materials as the basis of analytical devices, paper or other low-cost flat materials have become common substrates for SPEs. Thus, in this revision, a comprehensive overview on paper-based SPEs used for analytical proposes is provided. A great variety of designs is reported, together with several examples to illustrate the main applications.

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Klutse, Charles K., Adam Mayer, Julia Wittkamper, and Brian M. Cullum. "Applications of Self-Assembled Monolayers in Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering." Journal of Nanotechnology 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/319038.

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The increasing applications of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has led to the development of various SERS-active platforms (SERS substrates) for SERS measurement. This work reviews the current optimization techniques available for improving the performance of some of these SERS substrates. The work particularly identifies self-assembled-monolayer- (SAM-) based substrate modification for optimum SERS activity and wider applications. An overview of SERS, SAM, and studies involving SAM-modified substrates is highlighted. The focus of the paper then shifts to the use of SAMs to improve analytical applications of SERS substrates by addressing issues including long-term stability, selectivity, reproducibility, and functionalization, and so forth. The paper elaborates on the use of SAMs to achieve optimum SERS enhancement. Specific examples are based on novel multilayered SERS substrates developed in the author’s laboratory where SAMs have been demonstrated as excellent dielectric spacers for improving SERS enhancement more than 20-fold relative to conventional single layer SERS substrates. Such substrate optimization can significantly improve the sensitivity of the SERS method for analyte detection.

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POWELL, ADRIAN, JASON JENNY, STEPHAN MULLER, et al. "GROWTH OF SiC SUBSTRATES." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 16, no. 03 (2006): 751–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156406004016.

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In recent years SiC has metamorphisized from an R&D based materials system to emerge as a key substrate technology for a significant fraction of the world production of green, blue and ultraviolet LEDs. Emerging markets for SiC homoepitaxy include high-power switching devices and microwave devices. Applications for heteroepitaxial GaN-based structures on SiC substrates include lasers and microwave devices. In this paper we review the properties of SiC, assess the current status of substrate and epitaxial growth, and outline our expectations for SiC in the future.

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De Silva, Imesha W., Darren T. Converse, Lauren A. Juel, and Guido F. Verbeck. "A comparative study of microporous polyolefin silica-based paper and cellulose paper substrates utilizing paper spray-mass spectrometry in drug analysis." Analytical Methods 11, no. 24 (2019): 3066–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ay00641a.

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This comparative study proposes an efficient technique by employing a synthetic substrate, which is commercially available, for direct, sensitive, efficient and fast analysis in Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry (PS-MS).

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Ding, Ruiyu, Vida Krikstolaityte, and Grzegorz Lisak. "Inorganic salt modified paper substrates utilized in paper based microfluidic sampling for potentiometric determination of heavy metals." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 290 (July 2019): 347–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2019.03.079.

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29

Lukacs, Peter, Alena Pietrikova, Beata Ballokova, Dagmar Jakubeczyova, and Ondrej Kovac. "Investigation of nano-inks’ behaviour on flexible and rigid substrates under various conditions." Circuit World 43, no. 1 (2017): 2–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cw-10-2016-0049.

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Purpose This paper aims to find the optimal deposition conditions for achieving the homogenous structure of the silver layers onto three types of polymeric substrates as well as on the rigid substrates. For this reason, the detailed investigation of the silver-based layers deposited at different technological conditions by microscopic methods is presented in this paper. Design/methodology/approach The special test pattern has been designed and deposited at different substrate temperatures by using two types of generally available silver-based nano-inks. Cross-sections and 3D profiles of the deposited silver layers have been profoundly analysed by using the optical profiler Sensofar S Neox on the generally used polymeric (PI, PET and PEN) and rigid substrates (951 and 9K7 LTCC, glass and alumina). Findings The results prove the strong correlation between the substrate temperature during the deposition process and the final shape of the created structure which has the a direct impact on the layers’ homogeneity. The results also prove the theory of the coffee ring effect creation in the inkjet printing technology. Originality/value The main benefit of this paper lies in the possibility of the homogeneity achievement of the deposited silver-based layers on the several polymeric and rigid substrates by managing the temperature during the deposition. The paper also offers the comparative study of nano-inks’ behaviour on several polymeric and rigid substrates.

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Carrijo, Mylena M. M., Hannes Lorenz, Carlos R. Rambo, Peter Greil, and Nahum Travitzky. "Fabrication of Ti3SiC2-based pastes for screen printing on paper-derived Al2O3 substrates." Ceramics International 44, no. 7 (2018): 8116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.01.256.

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31

Wu, Guodong, Xiang Wan, Yi Yang, and Shuanghe Jiang. "Lateral-coupling coplanar-gate oxide-based thin-film transistors on bare paper substrates." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 47, no. 49 (2014): 495101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/47/49/495101.

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Kavčič, Urška, Igor Karlovits, and Janja Zule. "Deinking of Screen-Printed Electrodes Printed on Invasive Plant-Based Paper." Sustainability 12, no. 4 (2020): 1350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041350.

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The deinking of paper-based printed electronics is a growing concern regarding the increase of printed electronics products. The benefits of using paper-based substrates instead of polymer or ceramic for the single-use printed electrodes can contribute to sustainability goals. The use of invasive plant species for making paper substrates for printed electronics is a unique opportunity to have several environmental benefits. In this study, the recycling issue of these products through the use of the deinking technique was evaluated. Screen-printed electrodes printed on an invasive plant-based paper and commercial cardboard were deinked, and their optical, morphological, and silver residues in paper and corresponding water extract were analyzed. The invasive plant-based paper had higher silver content in the recycled paper sheets, which influenced the optical and surface resistivity and residue ink particle number. On the other hand, the surface-treated cardboard had lower silver particle content after deinking, but higher silver concentrations in the water extract. The results indicate that ink-paper surface and ink-fibre interaction and adhesion is vital in the ink silver particles binding during the deinking process.

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Kim, Sangkil. "Inkjet-Printed Electronics on Paper for RF Identification (RFID) and Sensing." Electronics 9, no. 10 (2020): 1636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9101636.

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The newly developed research area of inkjet-printed radio frequency (RF) electronics on cellulose-based and synthetic paper substrates is introduced in this paper. This review paper presents the electrical properties of the paper substrates, the printed silver nanoparticle-based thin films, the dielectric layers, and the catalyst-based metallization process. Numerous inkjet-printed microwave passive/ative systems on paper, such as a printed radio frequency identification (RFID) tag, an RFID-enabled sensor utilizing carbon nanotubes (CNTs), a substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW), fully printed vias, an autonomous solar-powered beacon oscillator (active antenna), and artificial magnetic conductors (AMC), are discussed. The reported technology could potentially act as the foundation for true “green” low-cost scalable wireless topologies for autonomous Internet-of-Things (IoT), bio-monitoring, and “smart skin” applications.

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Yusof Ismail, Muhammad, Hasan Ijaz Malik, Sharmiza Adnan, and Shaiful Rizal Masrol. "Broadband dielectric characterization of novel organic substrates for microwave applications." MATEC Web of Conferences 192 (2018): 01047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819201047.

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This paper presents three novel substrate materials with efficient dielectric characteristics. Different types of innovative substrate materials used for microwave electronics have been discussed. It has been demonstrated that the repeatability of results for paper substrate based electronics can be maintained using the proposed substrate materials. Three different substrate materials derived from recycled sources such as newspaper, copier paper and carton paper and banana pulp have been presented. The paper substrates were manufactured and processed to reduce the moisture content that might degrade the performance. A broadband dielectric material characterization of the proposed substrate shows a stable electromagnetic behaviour over the X – band operation with relative permittivities of 1.81, 1.63 and 1.84 along with loss tangents of 0.053, 0.046 and 0.057 respectively.

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Craig, Paula, and Janet C. Cole. "A Comparison of Recycled Paper as a Growth Substrate in Container Production of Azaleas." HortScience 32, no. 4 (1997): 604B—604. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.4.604b.

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Wet Earth (WE) is a recycled paper product that may substitute for peat moss as a growth substrate. WE is available at various pH levels and may be formulated using: 1) paper production byproducts (WES), or 2) recycled corrugated cardboard (WEC). Use of WE by commercial growers would reduce demand for both landfill space and for slowly renewable resources such as peat and pine bark. Experiment objectives included: analyzing plant performance of azaleas (Rhododendron obtusum `Hino Crimson') in WE-based growth substrates at pH 3.4 and pH 6.6 and in peat-based growth substrates (Trial pH), 2) analyzing plant performance of WES, WEC, and peat moss-based growth substrates (Trial SC), and 3) determining changes, if any, in substrate physical properties from planting to harvest. Shadehouse experiments were conducted in summer of 1996. Ratios of pine bark to WE tested were 100% pine bark, 1:3, 1:1, 3: l, and 100% WE by volume. Plant heights, widths, and visual quality ratings were obtained monthly throughout the 16-week experiment. Leaf, shoot, and root dry weights and leaf nitrogen concentration were determined at harvest. Changes in volume, bulk density, porosity, and air space were also measured. Plants performed poorly in WES, pH 3.4, with mortality exceeding 90%. Peat and WEC yielded similar (and best) results. Optimum plant performance for all substrates occurred in 1: 3 and 1: 1 (WE: pine bark) mixes. At concentrations over 50%, increases in bulk density and reductions in volume and percent air space in WE substrates were severe enough to negatively impact root growth and plant quality.

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Harpaz, Dorin, Evgeni Eltzov, Timothy S. E. Ng, Robert S. Marks, and Alfred I. Y. Tok. "Enhanced Colorimetric Signal for Accurate Signal Detection in Paper-Based Biosensors." Diagnostics 10, no. 1 (2020): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10010028.

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Paper-based colorimetric biosensors combine the use of paper with colorimetric signal detection. However, they usually demonstrate lower sensitivities because a signal amplification procedure has not been used. Stopping the reaction of colorimetric signal generation is often used in lab-based assays in order to amplify and stabilize the colorimetric signal for detection. In this study, the generation of a stopped colorimetric signal was examined for accurate and enhanced signal detection in paper-based biosensors. The colorimetric reaction in biosensors is usually based on the interaction between the enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and a selected chromogenic substrate. The two most commonly used HRP substrates, 3,3’,5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and 2’-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic-acid) (ABTS), were compared in terms of their ability to generate a stopped colorimetric signal on membrane. The stopped colorimetric signal was visible for TMB but not for ABTS. Moreover, the generation of stopped colorimetric signal was dependent on the presence of polyvinylidene-difluoride (PVDF) membrane as the separation layer. With PVDF the colorimetric signal (color intensity) was higher (TMB: 126 ± 6 and ABTS: 121 ± 9) in comparison to without PVDF (TMB: 110 ± 2 and ABTS: 102 ± 4). The TMB stopped colorimetric signal demonstrated a more stable signal detection with lower standard deviation values. To conclude, a stopped colorimetric signal can be generated in paper-based biosensors for enhanced and accurate signal detection.

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Lee, Martin, Ali Mazaheri, Herre S. J. van der Zant, Riccardo Frisenda, and Andres Castellanos-Gomez. "Drawing WS2 thermal sensors on paper substrates." Nanoscale 12, no. 43 (2020): 22091–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nr06036d.

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Fierro-Mercado, Pedro M., and Samuel P. Hernández-Rivera. "Highly Sensitive Filter Paper Substrate for SERS Trace Explosives Detection." International Journal of Spectroscopy 2012 (October 17, 2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/716527.

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We report on a novel and extremely low-cost surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate fabricated depositing gold nanoparticles on common lab filter paper using thermal inkjet technology. The paper-based substrate combines all advantages of other plasmonic structures fabricated by more elaborate techniques with the dynamic flexibility given by the inherent nature of the paper for an efficient sample collection, robustness, and stability. We describe the fabrication, characterization, and SERS activity of our substrate using 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, and 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene as analytes. The paper-based SERS substrates presented a high sensitivity and excellent reproducibility for analytes employed, demonstrating a direct application in forensic science and homeland security.

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Liu, Lin, and Seokheun Choi. "A Paper-Based Biological Solar Cell." SLAS TECHNOLOGY: Translating Life Sciences Innovation 25, no. 1 (2019): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2472630319875403.

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A merged system incorporating paperfluidics and papertronics has recently emerged as a simple, single-use, low-cost paradigm for disposable point-of-care (POC) diagnostic applications. Stand-alone and self-sustained paper-based systems are essential to providing effective and lifesaving treatments in resource-constrained environments. Therefore, a realistic and accessible power source is required for actual paper-based POC systems as their diagnostic performance and portability rely significantly on power availability. Among many paper-based batteries and energy storage devices, paper-based microbial fuel cells have attracted much attention because bacteria can harvest electricity from any type of organic matter that is readily available in those challenging regions. However, the promise of this technology has not been translated into practical power applications because of its short power duration, which is not enough to fully operate those systems for a relatively long period. In this work, we for the first time demonstrate a simple and long-lasting paper-based biological solar cell that uses photosynthetic bacteria as biocatalysts. The bacterial photosynthesis and respiration continuously and self-sustainably generate power by converting light energy into electricity. With a highly porous and conductive anode and an innovative solid-state cathode, the biological solar cell built upon the paper substrates generated the maximum current and power density of 65 µA/cm2 and 10.7 µW/cm2, respectively, which are considerably greater than those of conventional micro-sized biological solar cells. Furthermore, photosynthetic bacteria in a 3-D volumetric chamber made of a stack of papers provided stable and long-lasting electricity for more than 5 h, while electrical current from the heterotrophic culture on 2-D paper dramatically decreased within several minutes.

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Eisermann, E., K. Höll, W. Smetana, W. Tusler, M. Unger, and J. Whitmarsh. "Comparison of low cost, insulated aluminium substrates used as integrated heat sinks with conventional technology." Microelectronics International 26, no. 2 (2009): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13565360910960178.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe two new thick film paste systems (one glass‐based and the other polymer‐based) for insulating aluminium substrates and allowing components like high‐intensity light‐emitting diodes to be attached to a conductor deposited on the dielectric.Design/methodology/approachComparative measurements of the thermal resistance of different substrates mounted with metal‐oxide semiconductor field‐effect transistors were made.FindingsThe thermal advantages of these two technologies have been proved.Originality/valueThis paper presents useful comparative data from a replicated application using different combinations of substrates. The paper shows how the superior properties of the two new systems have been proven by thermal resistance measurements. From a thermal point of view, it is only the expensive 4 W m−1 K−1 insulated metal substrate that competes with the “low cost” systems.

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Shi, Yanfeng, Yongqiang Chai, and Shengbo Hu. "Preparation and Characterization of Printed LTCC Substrates for Microwave Devices." Active and Passive Electronic Components 2019 (April 1, 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6473587.

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A novel LTCC substrate manufacturing process based on 3D printing was investigated in this paper. Borosilicate glass-alumina substrates with controlled size and thickness were successfully manufactured using a self-developed dual-nozzle hybrid printing system. The printing parameters were carefully analyzed. The mechanical and dielectric properties of the printed substrate were examined. The results show that the printed substrates obtain smooth surface (Ra=0.92 μm), compact microstructure (relative density 93.7%), proper bending strength (156 mPa), and low dielectric constant and loss (Ɛr=6.2, 1/tan⁡δ=0.0055, at 3 GHz). All of those qualify the printed glass–ceramic substrates to be used as potential LTCC substrates in the microwave applications. The proposed method could simplify the traditional LTCC technology.

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Koşak Söz, Çağla, Zafer Özomay, Semra Unal, Muhammet Uzun, and Sinan Sönmez. "Development of a nonwetting coating for packaging substrate surfaces using a novel and easy to implement method." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 36, no. 2 (2021): 331–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2021-0017.

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Abstract This study is about preparing different paper substrates with chemically stable hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surface coatings through spraying a mixture of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and inorganic particles. The method is easy to implement, reproducible and requires inexpensive starting materials. Non-colored and colored types of (i) raw paper (UC), (ii) glossy coated paper (GC) and (iii) matte coated paper (MC) surfaces were selected for surface modification through the coating application. Both water-based ink (WB) and solvent-based ink (SB) formulations were used to dye substrate surfaces. Investigations including surface wetting, optical and physical properties of the coated paper substrates revealed that the coating application method proposed is a promising lacquer alternative for packaging purposes.

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Pearton, Stephen J., Wan Tae Lim, Erica Douglas, Hyun Cho, and F. Ren. "Flexible Electronics Based on InGaZnO Transparent Thin Film Transistors." Key Engineering Materials 521 (August 2012): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.521.141.

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There is increasing interest in use of conducting oxide materials in new forms of transparent, flexible or wearable electronics on cheap substrates, including paper. While Si-based thin film transistors (TFTs) are widely used in displays, there are some drawbacks such as light sensitivity and light degradation and low field effect mobility (<1 cm2/Vs). For example, virtually all liquid crystal displays (LCDs) use TFTs imbedded in the panel itself. One of the promising alternatives to use of Si TFTs involves amorphous or nanocrystalline n-type oxide semiconductors. There have been promising results with zinc oxide, indium gallium oxide and zinc tin oxide channels. In this paper, recent progress in these new materials for TFTs on substrates such as paper is reviewed. In addition, InGaZnO transistor arrays show promise for driving laminar electroluminescent, organic light-emitting diode (OLED) and LCD displays. These transistors may potentially operate at up to an order of magnitude faster than Si TFTs. We have fabricated bottomgate amorphous (α-) indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (InGaZnO4) thin film transistors (TFTs) on both paper and glass substrates at low processing temperature (≤100°C). As a water and solvent barrier layer, cyclotene (BCB 3022-35 from Dow Chemical) was spin-coated on the entire paper substrate. TFTs on the paper substrates exhibited saturation mobility (μsat) of 1.2 cm2.V-1.s-1, threshold voltage (VTH) of 1.9V, subthreshold gate-voltage swing (S) of 0.65V.decade-1, and drain current onto- off ratio (ION/IOFFSubscript text) of ~104. These values were only slightly inferior to those obtained from devices on glass substrates (μsat~2.1 cm2.V-1.s-1, VTH ~0 V, S~0.74 V.decade-1, and ION/IOFF=105- 106). The uneven surface of the paper sheet led to relatively poor contact resistance between source-drain electrodes and channel layer. Future areas for development are identified.

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Zhu, Yiqun, Li Zhang, and Liangbao Yang. "Designing of the functional paper-based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates for colorants detection." Materials Research Bulletin 63 (March 2015): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2014.12.004.

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Sun, Jia, Jie Jiang, Aixia Lu, Wei Dou, Bin Zhou, and Qing Wan. "Low-Voltage Oxide-Based TFTs Self-Assembled on Paper Substrates With Tunable Threshold Voltage." IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 59, no. 2 (2012): 380–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ted.2011.2173574.

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Chung, Daehan, and Bonnie L. Gray. "Printing-based fabrication method using sacrificial paper substrates for flexible and wearable microfluidic devices." Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 27, no. 11 (2017): 115009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6439/aa8b21.

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Zhang, Yi-Zhou, Yang Wang, Tao Cheng, Wen-Yong Lai, Huan Pang, and Wei Huang. "Flexible supercapacitors based on paper substrates: a new paradigm for low-cost energy storage." Chemical Society Reviews 44, no. 15 (2015): 5181–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cs00174a.

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Xian, Li, Ruiyun You, Dechan Lu, Changji Wu, Shangyuan Feng, and Yudong Lu. "Surface-modified paper-based SERS substrates for direct-droplet quantitative determination of trace substances." Cellulose 27, no. 3 (2019): 1483–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-019-02855-6.

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Rudmann, Linda, Juan S. Ordonez, Hans Zappe, and Thomas Stieglitz. "Hermetic Electrical Feedthroughs Based on the Diffusion of Platinum into Silicon." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2014, no. 1 (2014): 000729–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-wp45.

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Within this paper a novel approach for the development of hermetic electrical feedthroughs is introduced. So far, every vertical feedthrough induces at the feedthroughs' interfaces possible paths for water to leak across the hermetic barrier into the hermetic package. The presented approach is based on the diffusion of platinum into silicon, locally changing the electrical behavior of the substrate due to the induced impurities. This method avoids destroying the bulk material, in this case silicon, preserving the hermetic barrier environment. Different n-type silicon substrates were investigated for their usability through various diffusion experiments under two gas atmospheres: Argon/hydrogen and pure nitrogen. A significant change in silicon behavior could be shown for one of the used substrates. The current flowing through the bulk could be decreased by a factor of around 12 for an argon/hydrogen atmosphere and by around 10 for pure nitrogen. The current directly correlates with a local increase of the substrates' resistance, demonstrating the possibility of adapting the electrical properties of a substrate to create insulating areas within a conductive substrate.

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Lewis, Brian J., D. F. Baldwin, P. N. Houston, et al. "Processing and Reliability Assessment of Silicon Based, Integrated Ultra High Density Substrates." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2011, DPC (2011): 002272–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2011dpc-tha23.

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High density interconnect (HDI) advances in substrate technology have allowed considerable improvements in processing more complex, compact devices. Chip Scale Packaging (CSP) and multi-chip modules (MCM) have continued to decrease in size and increase in functionality, moving closer to be more like flip chip technology. Improvements in wafer structuring allow for tremendous possibilities for device functionality; however a limit does exists on what traditional substrate fabrication methods will allow. A push in developing through silicon vias (TSVs) and use of alternative materials, other than organic or flex, are needed to enable new packaging technology developments. As needed, an alternative substrate has been developed that uses Silicon-based technology, photo-defined vias and the capability of semiconductor level routing density. It also includes the possibility to open cavities in the substrate to embed integrated die. This technology has opened up many possibilities for fabricating Ultra high density substrates from a US-based supplier that enables the use of integrated die, surface mount processing and fine pitch, multi-die placements. The following paper details the processing and reliability capabilities of this substrate technology. A comprehensive characterization study was conducted to evaluate the processing of units containing ultra-small SMT devices, intermixed with fine pitch, flip chip die. The units were also processed with traditional BGA balling, making them compatible with level 2, PCB level processes. Data will be shown with the results of the assembly analysis and subsequent reliability assessment of these units, showing a robust performance with thermal shock, uHAST and MSL level testing. A full analysis of the substrates structure will also be shown. The paper will show this technology's possibilities as a next generation substrate alternative.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Paper-based substrates'

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