Academic literature on the topic 'Paper industry – By-products'
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Journal articles on the topic "Paper industry – By-products"
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Oganesyants, Lev, Vladislav Semipyatniy, Aram Galstyan, Ramil Vafin, Sergey Khurshudyan, and Anastasia Ryabova. "Multi-criteria food products identification by fuzzy logic methods." Foods and Raw Materials 8, no. 1 (2020): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2308-4057-2020-1-12-19.
Full textAbstract:
The paper deals with the theory of fuzzy sets as applied to food industry products. The fuzzy indicator function is shown as a criterion for determining the properties of the product. We compared the approach of fuzzy and probabilistic classifiers, their fundamental differences and areas of applicability. As an example, a linear fuzzy classifier of the product according to one-dimensional criterion was given and an algorithm for its origination as well as approximation is considered, the latter being sufficient for the food industry for the most common case with one truth interval where the indicator function takes the form of a trapezoid. The results section contains exhaustive, reproducible, sequentially stated examples of fuzzy logic methods application for properties authentication and group affiliation of food products. Exemplified by measurements of the criterion with an error, we gave recommendations for determining the boundaries of interval identification for foods of mixed composition. Harrington’s desirability function is considered as a suitable indicator function of determining deterioration rate of a food product over time. Applying the fuzzy logic framework, identification areas of a product for the safety index by the time interval in which the counterparty selling this product should send it for processing, hedging their possible risks connected with the expiry date expand. In the example of multi-criteria evaluation of a food product consumer attractiveness, Harrington’s desirability function, acting as a quality function, was combined with Weibull probability density function, accounting for the product’s taste properties. The convex combination of these two criteria was assumed to be the decision-making function of the seller, by which identification areas of the food product are established.
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Bayram, Bahadır Çağrı. "Evaluation of forest products trade economic contribution by entropy-TOPSIS: Case study of Turkey." BioResources 15, no. 1 (2020): 1419–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.1.1419-1429.
Full textAbstract:
The forest products industry is one of the most powerful industry branches of Turkey, and as in other developing countries, Turkey has a persistent trade deficit. The present paper aims to evaluate the forest industry products of Turkey regarding their economic contribution by Entropy-TOPSIS, which is a hybrid multicriteria decision making method. The evaluation was done to specify the products which will be able to create currency inflow most for reducing the trade deficit and help economic development. According to computations, the most contributing products are medium-density fiberboard (MDF), high-density fiberboard (HDF), industrial roundwood, and particle board. In addition, household and sanitary papers, as well as other paper and paper board products were found to have great economic potential.
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Xavier, Ana Maria Rebelo Barreto, Ana Paula Mora Tavares, Rita Ferreira, and Francisco Amado. "Trametes versicolor growth and laccase induction with by-products of pulp and paper industry." Electronic Journal of Biotechnology 10, no. 3 (2007): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.2225/vol10-issue3-fulltext-1.
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Ouyang, Dong, Weiting Xu, Tommy Y. Lo, and Janet F. C. Sham. "Increasing mortar strength with the use of activated kaolin by-products from paper industry." Construction and Building Materials 25, no. 4 (2011): 1537–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.08.012.
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Pento, Tapio. "Industrial Ecology of the Paper Industry." Water Science and Technology 40, no. 11-12 (1999): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0690.
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Industrial ecology (IE) is a biological concept applied to industrial structures. The basic concepts of IE include regional, intra-firm and product-based waste recycling systems as well as the principle of upward and downward cascading. In best current examples of regional systems, several parties are in an industrial waste re-use symbiosis. Paper industry has learned to arrange the recovery and re-use of its products on distant markets, even up to a level where indications of exceeding optimal recovery and re-use rates already exist through deteriorated fibre and product quality. Such occurrences will take place in certain legislative-economic situations. Paper industry has many cascade levels, each with their internal recovery and recycling, as well as many intra-firm, regional, and life cycle ecology structures. As an example of prospects for individual cascading routes, sludges may continue to be incinerated, but the route to landfills will be closed. The main obstacles of legislative drive toward better IE systems are in many cases existing laws and political considerations rather than economic or technical aspects. The study and practice of engineering human technology systems and related elements of natural systems should develop in such a way that they provide quality of life by actively managing the dynamics of relevant systems to reduce the risk and scale of undesirable behavior and outcomes. For the paper industry, earth systems engineering offers several development routes. One of them is the further recognition of and research on the fact that the products of the industry are returned back to the carbon cycle of the natural environment. Opportunities for modifying current earth systems may also be available for the industry, e.g. genetically modified plants for raw materials or organisms for making good quality pulp out of current raw materials. It is to be recognized that earth systems engineering may become a very controversial area, and that very diverse political pressures may determine its future usefulness to the paper industry.
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Heinrich, Thomas. "Product Diversification in the U.S. Pulp and Paper Industry: The Case of International Paper, 1898–1941." Business History Review 75, no. 3 (2001): 467–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3116384.
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During the years 1918 to 1941, International Paper (IP) launched a massive product diversification effort. Engineered by three successive presidents, diversification turned the company from a newsprint producer based in the northeastern United States into an international manufacturer of southern kraft grades, Canadian newsprint, hydroelectric power, and specialty papers. With the exception of kraft paperboard and converted products, however, the new product lines failed to provide IP with a firm foothold in markets for consumer nondurables, where nimbler competitors thrived even during the 1930s. IP and firms in other “maturing industries” that clung to traditional products and stagnant markets contributed to the length and severity of the Great Depression.
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Li, Ao, Dezhong Xu, Lu Luo, et al. "Overview of nanocellulose as additives in paper processing and paper products." Nanotechnology Reviews 10, no. 1 (2021): 264–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2021-0023.
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Abstract The rapid economic growth and environmental concerns have led to high demands on paper and paper-based products in terms of variety, quantity, quality, and specialty. Enhancement and functionalization with additives are constantly required. Moving away from traditional petroleum-based additives, researchers have attempted to use “green” nanoadditives by introducing renewable environmentally friendly nanocellulose. This article studies the functions of nanocellulose as bio-additives (enhancer, retention and filtration reagent, and coating aid) in paper and paper products, and overviews the research development of nanocellulose-based additives and their applications in the paper industry for both efficient production and paper functionalization. The review shows that (1) a variety of nanocellulose-based bioadditives have been reported for various applications in paper and paper-based products, while commercially viable developments are to be advanced; (2) nanocellulose was mostly formulated with other polymer and particles as additives to achieve their synergistic effects; (3) major interests have concentrated on the nanocellulose in the specialty papers as representing more value added products and in the efficient utilization of recycled fibers, which remains most attractive and promising for future development. This report shall provide most useful database information for researchers and industries for paper recycling and enhancement, and paper-based products innovation and application.
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Leppänen, Tero, Erno Mustonen, Henri Saarela, Matti Kuokkanen, and Pekka Tervonen. "Productization of Industrial Side Streams into By-Products—Case: Fiber Sludge from Pulp and Paper Industry." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 6, no. 4 (2020): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc6040185.
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The increasing pressure on natural resources and the climate has been noted by businesses and governments worldwide, who now face the difficult task of integrating paths of environmental sustainability and economic growth. One promising approach to sustainable development, reducing the pressure on natural resources and solving waste problems is circular economy. From different ways of implementing circular economy, this study focuses on the productization of industrial side streams, which carry a great deal of underutilized potential. In this article, the productization of pulp and paper industry side stream, fiber sludge, for commercial use as a dust-binding agent is studied via a descriptive, in-depth case study. Apart from inconsistent quality, fluctuating supply, cost of storage and logistics, what makes industrial side stream utilization challenging is the lack of knowledge that stakeholders have about side streams and their utilization and the lack of new value chain development for their commercial use. Therefore, it is essential for all parties involved to have a clearer vision of what is being sold for what purposes, through productization. This study found that the productization of side streams follows the same steps as the productization of any other traditional product, and the productized side streams can be added to the company’s product portfolio as by-products.
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Mavroulidou, Maria, and Shamil Shah. "Alkali-activated slag concrete with paper industry waste." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 39, no. 3 (2021): 466–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x20983890.
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Pulp and paper manufacturing and recycling industries are a resource-intensive sector, generating 25–40% of the annual municipal solid waste worldwide. Waste includes abundant volumes of paper sludge, as well as the product of its incineration, namely paper sludge ash. These two waste materials are both predominantly landfilled. There is thus a drive for additional valorisation routes for these materials. This short communication focuses on the potential use of paper sludge ash in alkali-activated cement concrete; this type of concrete was estimated to potentially reduce CO2 emissions by up to 5–6 times, while it can also incorporate waste materials or industrial by-products in its composition. The paper presents a laboratory study assessing the feasibility of structural alkali-activated cement concrete with ground granulated blastfurnace slag (a by-product of steel production) and paper sludge ash. Paper sludge ash is used mainly as a source of Ca(OH)2 in the alkaline activator solution, and secondly as an additional source of aluminosilicates. A number of factors potentially affecting the activation process and the resulting concrete quality were investigated, including different dosage of activators, curing conditions and curing time. Mixes with paper sludge ash in the activator system developed high early concrete strengths at ambient temperatures and maintained adequate strengths for structural concrete. Further mix optimisation and mechanical and durability testing, accompanied by material characterisation, are required to establish the advantages of using this waste material in structural alkali-activated cement concrete.
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Smart, RS, BG Baker, and PS Turner. "Invited Paper. Aspects of Surface Science in Australian Industry." Australian Journal of Chemistry 43, no. 2 (1990): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9900241.
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Three techniques giving information on composition and chemical states of atoms in the first few monolayers of a surface are described: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry. Their application to industrial problem solving, optimization of process or materials, and long-term research and development is illustrated in three case studies. Analysis of the effectiveness of surface treatments for steel pipe before fusion-bonded epoxy application revealed thin phosphate layers and partial separation of chromate from silicate in passivation. Aluminosilicate layers on glacial quartz used for glass making were detected giving handling and melting difficulties. These problems were overcome by changes to process conditions resulting from the surface investigation and plant trials. Exploratory research has produced a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst effective in totally converting CO and H2 (H2/CO ≥ 1) into short-chain alkenes at 300°, with H2O and CO2 (H2O/CO2 = 2) as by-products. The catalyst is made from natural bauxite. Characterization of the surface properties by surface analysis and electron microscopy is described. Examples of other projects for Australian industry are summarized.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Paper industry – By-products"
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Mostert, F. "Improving the Deviro panel : technical enhancements of a wood fibre-cement composite from paper mill de-inking sludge." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49988.
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Thesis (MScFor)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This research focuses on the utilisation of de-inking sludge from a tissue mill to produce
a wood-fibre inorganic composite called the Deviro panel. The study is based on the SA
provisional patent 95/9594 by Ysbrandy and Gerischer' and the further research
conducted by Crafford'. The patented Deviro panel contains up to 70% de-inking sludge.
Cement and a cement extender serve to fortify the composite. The panel's fibre content of
25-30% is significantly greater than encountered in commercial fibre inorganic
composites which contain 8-12% fibre by weight.
The physico-mechanical characteristics of the Deviro panel compare favourably with
resin bonded wood-fibre composites, but less favourably compared to conventional wood
and wood-fibre inorganic composites. These properties are strongly dependent on panel
density. For instance flexural strength being directly proportional while dimensional
stability and hygroscopicity being inversely proportional to density.
After confirming the results from the preceding work by Crafford, further improvements
were investigated through chemical and curing enhancements. For instance, an
autoclaving treatment during the curing period showed an increase in flexural strength.
Addition of water glass could be associated with bulking of the panel, which resulted in
increased flexural strength and a slight reduction of density. Panel density could be
significantly reduced by the addition of Perlite, while inhibiting the concomitant
reduction in strength.
In addition a pilot production process was developed to produce 1m2 panels, which
exhibited similar curing characteristics as the smaller panel units.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie navorsing handeloor die gebruik van ontinkingsslyk van 'n sneespapier meule
om die Deviro paneel, 'n houtvesel anorganiese saamgestelde produk, te produseer. Die
studie volg uit die SA voorlopige patent 95/9594 deur Ysbrandy en Gerischer en verdere
narvorsing deur Crafford'. Die gepatenteerde Deviro paneel bevat tot 70%
ontinkingsslyk. Sement en sement-byvoegmiddels dien om die saamgestelde produk te
versterk. Die paneel bevat 25-30% vesel wat aansienlik meer is as ander kommersiële
anorganiese saamgestelde produkte wat 'n vesel inhoud van 8-12% het.
Die megamese eienskappe van die Deviro paneel is vergelykbaar met houtvesel
saamgestelde produkte waar hars as kleefiniddel dien, maar vergelyk minder gunstig
teenoor konvensionele hout en houtvesel anorganiese saamgestelde produkte. Die paneel
se eienskappe is afhanklik van sy digtheid Buig sterkte is eweredig terwyl dimensionele
stabiliteit en hygroskopisiteit omgekeerd eweredig aan die digtheid van die paneel is.
Die voorafgaande werk van Crafford is eers gestaaf voordat veranderinge aan die
chemiese samestelling en drogingsmetodes van die paneel nagevors is. Daar is
byvoorbeeld bevind dat, deur die paneel te outoklaveer gedurende die set periode, dit lei
tot 'n toename in buig sterkte. Die byvoeging van water glas kan swelling laat plaasvind
wat 'n afname in buig sterkte en 'n afname in digtheid tot gevolg het. Digtheid kan ook
aansienlik verlaag word deur die byvoeging van Perlite terwyl 'n dienooreenkomstige
verlaging in buig sterkte tot 'n mate voorkom word.
'n Loods produksie proses is ook ontwikkel om 'n 1m2 paneel te vervaardig wat dieselfde
eienskappe toon as die kleiner paneel.
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Robus, Charles Louis Loyalty. "Production of bioethanol from paper sludge using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80251.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Whereas fuel used for transport and electricity production are mainly fossil–derived,
there has recently been an increased focus on bio-fuels due to the impact of fossil
derived fuel on the environment as well as the increased energy demand worldwide,
concomitant with the depletion of fossil fuel reserves. Paper sludge produced by
paper mills are high in lignocellulose and represents a largely untapped feedstock for
bio-energy production.
The aim of this study was to determine the composition, fermentability and optimum
paper sludge loading and enzyme dosage for producing ethanol from paper sludge.
This information was used to develop a model of the process in Aspen Plus®. The
mass and energy balances obtained from the Aspen Plus® model were used to
develop equipment specifications which were used to source equipment cost data. A
techno-economic model was developed from the equipment cost data to assess the
economic viability of the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF)
process utilising paper sludge as feedstock. Nine paper sludge samples obtained from Nampak Tissue (Pty) Ltd. were evaluated
in terms of ethanol production and those samples yielding the highest and lowest
ethanol titres were selected for optimisation. This allowed for the determination of a
range of ethanol concentrations and yields, expressed as percentage of the
theoretical maximum, which could be expected on an industrial scale. Response
surface methodology was used to obtain quadratic mathematical models to
determine the effects of solid loading and cellulase dosage on ethanol production
and ethanol yield from paper sludge during anoxic fed-batch fermentations using Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain MH1000. This approach was augmented with a
multi response optimisation approach incorporating a desirability function to
determine the optimal solid loading and cellulase dosage in fed-batch SSF cultures.
The multi response optimisation revealed that an optimum paper sludge loading of
21% (w/w) and a cellulase loading of 14.5 FPU g-1 be used regardless of the paper
sludge sample. The fact that one optimal enzyme dosage and paper sludge loading
is possible, regardless the paper sludge feed stock, is attractive since the SSF
process can be controlled efficiently, while not requiring process alterations to
optimize ethanol production when different batches of paper sludge are processed.
At the optimum paper sludge loading and cellulase dosage a minimum ethanol
concentration of 47.36 g l-1 (84.69% of theoretical maximum) can be expected
regardless of the paper sludge used. An economic assessment was conducted to ascertain whether ethanol production
from paper sludge using SSF is economically viable. Three scenarios were
investigated. In the first scenario revenue was calculated from the ethanol sales
linked to the basic fuel price, whereas in the second and third scenarios liquefied
petroleum gas (LPG) consumption at the paper mill was replaced with anhydrous and
95% ethanol respectively. In all the cases, paper sludge feed rates of 15, 30 and 50 t d-1
were used. The production of ethanol from paper sludge for ethanol sales (scenario 1)
resulted in higher IRR and NPV values, as well as shorter payback periods,
compared to replacement of LPG at the paper mill (scenarios 2 and 3). At an
assumed enzyme cost of $ 0.90 gal-1 (R 2.01 litre-1), IRR values of 11%, 22% and
30% were obtained at paper sludge feed rates of 15, 30 and 50 t d-1. A sensitivity analysis performed on the total capital investment and enzyme cost
revealed that the SSF process is only economically viable at a paper sludge feed rate
of 50 t d-1 irrespective of the variation in capital investment. For the SSF process to
be economically viable the enzyme costs must be lower than $ 0.70 gal-1 (R 1.56 litre-1)
and $ 1.20 gal-1 (R 2.68 litre-1) for paper sludge feed rates of 30 and 50 t d-1
respectively. The SSF process at a paper sludge feed rate of 15 t d-1 was not
economically viable even assuming a zero enzyme cost.
A Monte Carlo simulation revealed that the SSF process is economically viable at a
paper sludge feed rate of 50 t d-1 as a mean IRR value of 32% were obtained with a
probability of 26% to attain an IRR value lower than 25%. The SSF process at lower
paper sludge loadings is not economically viable as probabilities of 70% and 95%
were obtained to attain IRR values lower than 25% at paper sludge feed rates of 30
and 15 t d-1 respectively. From this study it can be concluded that paper sludge is an excellent feedstock for
ethanol production for the sales of ethanol at a paper sludge feed rate in excess of
50 t d-1 with the added environmental benefit of reducing GHG emissions by 42.5%.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Aangesien dat brandstof vir vervoer en energie meestal vanaf fossiel afgeleide
bronne kom, is daar onlangs ʼn groter fokus op bio-brandstowwe as gevolg van die
impak van fossiel afgeleide brandstowwe op die omgewing en 'n verhoogde
aanvraag na energie wêreldwyd, gepaardgaande met die uitputting van
fossielbrandstof-reserwes. Papier slyk geproduseer deur papier meule is hoog in
lignosellulose en verteenwoordig 'n grootliks onontginde grondstof vir etanol
produksie.
Die doel van die studie was om vas te stel wat die samestelling, fermenteerbaarheid,
optimale papier slyk en ensiem ladings is vir die vervaardiging van etanol uit papier
slyk. Die inligting was gebruik om 'n model van die proses in Aspen Plus® te
ontwikkel. Die massa-en energiebalanse wat verkry is van die Aspen Plus® model
was gebruik om toerusting spesifikasies te ontwikkel wat gebruik was om toerusting
kostes te bereken. ‘n Tegno-ekonomiese model is ontwikkel om die ekonomiese
lewensvatbaarheid van die gelyktydige versuikering en fermentasie proses “SSF” wat gebruik maak van papier slyk as grondstof te assesseer.
Nege papier slyk monsters verkry vanaf Nampak Tissue (Pty) Ltd. is geëvalueer in
terme van etanol produksie. Die monsters wat die hoogste en laagste etanol
konsentrasies opgelewer het, is geselekteer vir optimalisering omdat dit toegelaat het
vir die vasstelling van etanol konsentrasies en opbrengste, uitgedruk as persentasie
van die teoretiese maksimum, wat verwag kan word in industrie. Reaksie oppervlak
metodologie “RSM” is gebruik om wiskundige modelle te ontwikkel om die impak van
papier slyk lading en sellulase dosis op etanol produksie en etanol opbrengs te assesseer. Die RSM is aangevul met 'n multi effek optimiserings benadering wat 'n
wenslikheid funksie inkorporeer om die optimale papier slyk lading en sellulase dosis
in gevoerde-enkellading SSF kulture te bepaal. Die multi effek optimalisering het
getoon dat 'n optimale papier slyk lading van 21% (w/w) en 'n sellulase dosis van
14.5 FPU g-1 gebruik moet word, ongeag van die papier slyk monster. Die feit dat die
optimale ensiem dosis en papier slyk lading dieselfde is ongeag die papier slyk
monster, is aantreklik aangesien die SSF proses meer doeltreffend beheer kan word
omdat proses veranderinge nie nodig is om die proses te optimaliseer nie. By die
optimale papier slyk lading en sellulase dosis kan 'n minimum etanol konsentrasie
van 47.36 g l-1 (84,69% van die teoretiese maksimum) verwag word ongeag van die
papier slyk wat gebruik word. 'n Ekonomiese evaluasie is gedoen om vas te stel of etanol produksie vanaf papier
slyk met behulp van SSF ekonomies lewensvatbaar is. Drie moontlikhede is
ondersoek. In die eerste moontlikheid is die inkomste bereken vanaf etanol verkope
gekoppel aan die basiese brandstofprys, terwyl in die tweede en derde moontlikhede,
LPG by die papier meul vervang is met anhidriese en 95% etanol onderskeidelik. In
al die gevalle was daar gebruik gemaak van papier slyk voer tempo’s van 15, 30 en
50 t d-1. Die produksie van etanol uit papier slyk vir verkope (moontlikheid 1) het gelei
tot hoër IRR en die NPV waardes, sowel as korter terugverdien tydperke, in
vergelyking met die vervanging van LPG by die papier meul (moontlikhede 2 en 3).
Met ʼn ensiem koste van $ 0.90 gal-1 (R 2.01 litre-1) is IRR-waardes van 11%, 22% en
30% verkry teen papier slyk voer tempo’s van 15, 30 en 50 t d-1 onderskeidelik. 'n Sensitiwiteitsanalise uitgevoer op die totale kapitale belegging en ensiem koste het
aan die lig gebring dat 'n SSF proses slegs ekonomies lewensvatbaar is op 'n papier slyk voer tempo van 50 t d-1 ongeag van die variasie in die kapitale belegging. Vir die
SSF proses om ekonomies lewensvatbaar te wees, moet die ensiem kostes laer
wees as $ 0.70 gal-1 (R 1.56 liter-1) en $ 1.20 gal-1 (R 2.68 liter-1) vir papier slyk voer
tempo’s van onderskeidelik 30 en 50 t d-1. Die SSF proses was op 'n papier slyk voer
tempo van 15 t d-1 nie ekonomies lewensvatbaar nie, selfs teen 'n ensiem koste van
nul.
'n Monte Carlo-simulasie het getoon dat die SSF proses ekonomies lewensvatbaar is
met 'n papier slyk voer tempo van 50 t d-1 omdat 'n gemiddelde IRR-waarde van 32%
verkry is met 'n waarskynlikheid van 26% om 'n IRR-waarde laer as 25% te verkry.
Die SSF proses teen papier slyk voer tempo’s van 30 en 15 t d-1 is nie ekonomies
lewensvatbaar nie omdat waarskynlikhede van 70% en 95% onderskeidelik verkry is
om IRR-waardes laer as 25% te kry. Daar kan van die studie afgelei word dat papier slyk 'n uitstekende grondstof is vir die
produksie van etanol mits 'n papier slyk voer tempo van meer as 50 t d-1 bereik kan
word. Die produksie van etanol vanaf papier slyk het die bykomende voordeel dat
kweekhuis gasse (GHG) met 42.5% verminder word.
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Liao, Chung Liang, and 廖崇良. "Application of By-products from paper industry with Recycled Aggregates on Controlled Low-Strength Material." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5t5955.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>土木工程系所<br>104<br>In recent years, because of the high fuel cost, the factories of the nation have gradually altered the boiler manufacturing process from the fuel oil-fired boilers to the coal-fired boilers; however, currently, there are certain limitations and difficulties in finding and building the waste landfill for the coal-fired boilers in Taiwan. In addition to the lack of the location for the waste landfill and the overexploitation of the natural aggregates in the nation, it is necessary to advocate the coal-fired boiler industry to practice the recycling use of the by-products not only to increase the value and the recyclability of the industrial waste, but to reach the goal of coal reduction, environmental protection and sustainable development, which can lessen the impact on the natural environment.
This experiment explores the Fly Ash by Yuen Foong Yu, the Bottom Ash by Yuen Foong Yu, the Bottom Ash by Cheng Loong and recycled coarse aggregate concrete by using these four recycled aggregates with different ratio into the CLSM. Additionally, the experiment shows the process of using the recycled aggregates, YBA, ZBA and recycled aggregate concrete to partially replace the natural coarse and fine aggregates; as for the binder, concrete, the fly ash and YFA are used with compatible ratio to combine with each other. The tests of the research involve 32 different CLSM ratios. The water and binder ratios are 1.08 and 1.16 and the relative humidity of the curing conditions are 100％, 80％, 40％ and moist cures for one and three days. The results are to test whether each ratio under different curing conditions fits the condition of CLSM’s Construction Specifications of Public Works and also to observe the durability.
Tests performed for each proportion are: Slump flow test, Flow Consistency test, Ball Drop test, Method of test for the water soluble chloride ion content of fresh concrete, the compressive strength of each age (7, 14, 28, 56, 90 days) and strain test of each age (1 to 7, 14, 28, 56, 90 days).
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Wu, Ming-Hsuan, and 吳明璿. "Application By-Products from Paper Industry with Co-Firing Fly Ash on Self-Compacting Concrete." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79897413641586202949.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>土木工程系所<br>104<br>Due to the inappropriate burial of paper sludge, it has caused serious environment related problems; nowadays, people usually recycle it by co-firing paper sludge and coal in the boiler. The co-fired fly ash is almost same as fly ash. If the feature of co-fired fly ash could be closer to fly ash by replacing the fly ash or combine co-fired fly ash and fly ash with a specific proportion, there would be massive contribution to resource recycling and environmental protection.
This experiment is about using different weight proportion of the co-fired fly ash, from co-firing paper sludge and coal in the boiler, and the ordinary fly ash, from the coal-fired boiler. We use this kind of combined fly ash into self-compacting concrete (SCC); moreover, research its engineering properties. The test is blended of bonding material, cement, slag and fly ash. Designed into 24 different mixture proportioning. The binder ratios have two different kinds: 0.32, 0.38. The environment of curing is saturated lime water.
The research items includes: slump-test, U-test, V-test, compressive strength test of each ages( 3, 7, 14, 28, 56, 90 days), tensile splitting strength test, rate of weight loss of each ages( 1~7, 14, 28, 56, 90 days), convergent-divergent and dermal resistance. Discuss after using mixed fly ash. See if it could meet the workability of SCC; plus, compare to the ordinary fly ash with the durability, strength, the stability of bulk and workability. Hope we could effectively use this industrial by-product on self-compacting concrete, to the goal of resource recycling and environmental sustainability.
Books on the topic "Paper industry – By-products"
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Uloth, Victor Charles. Waste fatty acid addition to black liquor to decrease tall oil soap solubility and increase skimming efficiency in kraft mills pulping mountain pine beetle-infested wood. Pacific Forestry Centre, 2009.
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Uloth, Victor Charles. The effect of varying air injection rates on tall oil soap skimming efficiency for low fatty acid/resin acid ratio soaps produced by pulping mountain pine beetle infected wood. Pacific Forestry Centre, 2009.
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Allen, Larry. Effects of acetone extractives in grey-stage mountain pine beetle-killed lodgepole pine on kraft mills. Pacific Forestry Centre, 2010.
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Thomas, Mets, and Business Trend Analysts Inc, eds. The U.S. market for household paper products: A product-by-product marketing analysis and competitor profile : a business information report. Business Trend Analysts, Inc., 1995.
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Michael, Weisberg, and Business Trend Analysts Inc, eds. The U.S. market for household paper products: A product-by-product marketing analysis and competitor profile : a business information report. BTA, 1989.
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Martin, Pedersen B., and Mantegna Gianfranco, eds. Graphis products by design 1: An international collection of product design = Produktdesign im Internationalen Überblick = un panorama international du design de produits. Graphis Press, 1994.
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G, Fedoret͡s︡ N., Krutov V. I. 1938-, and Institut lesa (Akademii͡a︡ nauk SSSR. Karelʹskiĭ nauchnyĭ t͡s︡entr), eds. Primenenie otkhodov T͡S︡BP v lesnykh pitomnikakh. Karelʹskiĭ nauch. t͡s︡entr AN SSSR, 1990.
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C, Stewart A., Vice K. M, Powell T, Ontario Water Resources Branch, and Municipal Industrial Strategy for Abatement Program (Ontario), eds. Report on the analysis of the quality assurance and quality control data for the MISA pulp and paper sector. Queen's Printer for Ontario, 1992.
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Forest products: World outlook projections : projections of consumption and production of wood-based products to 2000 : sawnwood, wood-based panels, pulp and paper and industrial roundwood / prepared by the statistics and economic analysis staff of the FAO Forestry Department = Produits forestiers : perspectives mondiales, projections : projections de la consommation et de la production des produits dérivés du bois jusqu'à l'an 2000 : sciage, panneaux dérivés du bois, pâte et papier et bois rond industriel. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1986.
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Raw Materials Research and Development Council (Nigeria), ed. Handbook on specifications of raw materials utilized by Nigerian industries. 2nd ed. Raw Materials Research and Development Council, 2005.
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Shah, Ghazanfar Ali, Arnaud Polette, Jean-Philippe Pernot, Franca Giannini, and Marina Monti. "Sensitivity Analysis for Simulated Annealing-Based Fitting of CAD Models to Point Clouds of Digitized Parts." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70566-4_44.
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AbstractThis paper addresses the way a simulated annealing-based fitting strategy can be enhanced by leveraging a sensitivity analysis able to characterize the impact of the variations in the parameters of a CAD model on the evolution of the deviation between the CAD model itself and the point cloud of the digitized part to be fitted. The principles underpinning the adopted fitting algorithm are briefly recalled. The applied sensitivity analysis is described together with the comparison of the resulting sensitivity evolution curves with the changes in the CAD model parameters imposed by the simulated annealing algorithm. This analysis suggests several possible improvements that are discussed. The overall approach is illustrated on the fitting of single mechanical parts but it can be directly extended to the fitting of parts’ assemblies. It is particularly interesting in the context of the Industry 4.0 to update digital twins of physical products and systems.
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Goklaney, Sumit. "CSR in Hospitality Industry." In Corporate Social Responsibility in the Hospitality and Tourism Industry. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9902-1.ch006.
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There is no universally accepted definition of CSR, but most of the definitions have to do with business having a positive impact on the community. Society and business are dependent on each other. Business provides jobs, products, and taxes while society provides workers, consumers, and policies. Neither can survive without the other so it makes sense for business and society to work together for the benefit of both rather than to continue at odds. Business decisions and social policies must be aligned for this to happen. So the present paper will cover and compare the various types and aspects of CSR done by various hotels in hospitality industry. Corporate Social Responsibility involves “achieving commercial success in ways that honor ethical values and respect people, communities, and the natural environment” (Clark, 2006; Porter & Kramer, 2006). There is no universally accepted definition of CSR, but most of the definitions have to do with business having a positive impact on the community (Redford, 2005). Society and business are dependent on each other. Business provides jobs, products, and taxes while society provides workers, consumers, and policies. Neither can survive without the other so it makes sense for business and society to work together for the benefit of both rather than to continue at odds. Business decisions and social policies must be aligned for this to happen (Porter & Kramer, 2006). So the present paper will cover and compare the various types and aspects of CSR done by various hotels in hospitality industry.
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Goklaney, Sumit. "CSR in Hospitality Industry." In Corporate Social Responsibility. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6192-7.ch049.
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There is no universally accepted definition of CSR, but most of the definitions have to do with business having a positive impact on the community. Society and business are dependent on each other. Business provides jobs, products, and taxes while society provides workers, consumers, and policies. Neither can survive without the other so it makes sense for business and society to work together for the benefit of both rather than to continue at odds. Business decisions and social policies must be aligned for this to happen. So the present paper will cover and compare the various types and aspects of CSR done by various hotels in hospitality industry. Corporate Social Responsibility involves “achieving commercial success in ways that honor ethical values and respect people, communities, and the natural environment” (Clark, 2006; Porter & Kramer, 2006). There is no universally accepted definition of CSR, but most of the definitions have to do with business having a positive impact on the community (Redford, 2005). Society and business are dependent on each other. Business provides jobs, products, and taxes while society provides workers, consumers, and policies. Neither can survive without the other so it makes sense for business and society to work together for the benefit of both rather than to continue at odds. Business decisions and social policies must be aligned for this to happen (Porter & Kramer, 2006). So the present paper will cover and compare the various types and aspects of CSR done by various hotels in hospitality industry.
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Rahman, Nayem. "Toward Achieving Environmental Sustainability in the Computer Industry." In Waste Management. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1210-4.ch065.
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The computer industry has come under increasing scrutiny in terms of energy consumption, the carbon emissions and e-waste. Shipment of e-waste to developing countries where it is often disposed of in unsafe ways is another major issue. Organizations and individuals have a tendency to throw away or store their aging computer technology assets which is not environmentally sustainable and or cost effective. Implementation of an end-to-end computer and related products' sustainability management strategy by incorporating the reuse of existing technology can make a major impact on the environment. Computer industry sustainability management includes design and development of energy efficient computer products, refurbishing of computer assets, purchasing of green or refurbished components and providing sustainability metrics procedures. By implementing sustainability programs, organizations can contribute in reducing the amount of energy spent to develop new computer technology products, help in reducing carbon emission, keep e-waste out of landfills and recycle them. This paper discusses different aspects of sustainable computer industry program and proposes that computer makers take ownership of disposing of e-waste by following safety standards. The paper also proposes adopting reverse supply chain process for possible reuse, recycle or disposal of computers.
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Gordon, Robert B., and Patrick M. Malone. "The Factory." In The Texture of Industry. Oxford University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195058857.003.0015.
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With Samuel Slater’s textile mill (1793, in Pawtucket, Rhode Island) and Eli Whitney’s armory (1798, in Whitneyville, Connecticut), American entrepreneurs began to make in factories products that had formerly been made in homes or craft shops. Another new concept in manufacturing, the principle of uniformity (sometimes described as “interchangeability”), was also winning converts in America. Factories making uniform products increasingly used power-driven machinery in the production process. However, it is a mistake to conflate mechanization, factories, and uniformity. Mechanization was used in colonial craft shops as well as in nineteenth-century factories. Until the late nineteenth century, factory managers achieved uniformity primarily through improved handwork skills and gauging rather than with machinery. Chapter 9 will cover the mechanization of work in factories as well as efforts to achieve uniformity in machine parts. Many of the best examples of early American factories are in New England, where there was a serendipitous combination of water power, entrepreneurial capital, and the artisanal skills necessary to build mills and machinery. The textile mills erected there had a powerful influence on the evolution of American factory architecture. As we look closely at a number of New England mills, remember that similar patterns of structural development can be found in other regions of the United States and that the basic forms of the textile factory were readily adapted for other types of industry, including the manufacture of wood, metal, and paper products. Factories were not the first industrial buildings in America, nor did they represent more capital expenditure than some of the early and costly ironworks. Two processes of textile manufacturing and finishing, the carding of fibers and the fulling of woven cloth, had been powered by waterwheels (and occasionally by draft animals) before the first successful factory was built in Pawtucket in 1793. Proprietors of shops and country mills usually operated their enterprises directly with little of the managerial hierarchy and division of labor that would appear in the full-blown factory system. Shops lacked the factory’s sequential organization of powered machinery and its extensive mechanization through multiple stages of production.
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Abdallah, Yasser Omar, Essam Shehab, and Ahmed Al-Ashaab. "Digital Transformation Challenges in the Manufacturing Industry." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde210004.
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Digital Transformation becomes an essential strategy for organisations in this new digital arena, specifically after the COVID-19 pandemic and its unprecedented effects on the whole world and the manufacturing sector. In this new digital era, consumers became more expert and more engaging in the products using new technologies. At the same time, companies began to adopt digital transformation strategies in their manufacturing processes to become more agile and give the most value to their customers in fierce competition. This paper aims to identify and model the main challenges that face the digital transformation process in the manufacturing industry.. The main challenges were categorized to four main areas: skills, adoption of new technologies, change management practices, and innovation initiatives. By identifying these challenges, in a new and incremental way, manufacturing organisations will be able to adopt digital transformation processes efficiently and effectively in a proper manner.
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Lancaster, Geoff, and Diana Luck. "Applications of Customer Relationship Marketing in the UK Hospitality Industry." In Successful Customer Relationship Management Programs and Technologies. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0288-5.ch014.
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This paper aims to research the hospitality industry to gauge dimensions of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) that resonate with guests and employees. An uncovering of perceptual differences of hotel guests and employees was sought to assess its application within the London hotel industry and to investigate CRM as an emerging concept. The global hotel market contains many brands and partnerships, and CRM is significant, because differentiation becomes easier for those with potential to develop long-term customer relationships. Despite being differentiated by star ratings, most hotels in London offer similar core products and services. In this regard, development of relationships with customers can be considered emphatic to the London hotel industry. Methodologically, triangulation of data and theories was used in this paper to investigate staff and customers. A standardised questionnaire gauged elements regarded as being part CRM with the objective to assess differential CRM perceptions and their relevancy to the hotel industry in contemporary terms. Findings suggest CRM become an integral part of a hotel’s offerings and operations.
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Tortora, Marco, and Giuseppe Tortora. "Innovative Circular Business Models: A Case from the Italian Fashion Industry." In Sustainable Energy Investment - Technical, Market and Policy Innovations to Address Risk. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91277.
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Transition to a sustainable economy signed by a circular vision and culture asks firms for huge investments to innovate their own management, strategies, business models, products, and marketing approaches. The Agenda 2030 and the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) are an important framework for businesses to change their approach and contribute positively to the global movement to fight climate change. The question is what and how micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMES) can contribute to reduce their impacts while creating more value for them and their stakeholders. This paper aims to answer to this question presenting a case study from Italy where an artisan small firm is innovating to create more positive impacts in circular terms. The focus will be on circular economy and the firms’ material and energy strategies. In doing so, the paper will try to answer the following questions: how easy is for micro and small firms to apply circular economy strategies to contribute to reduce their environmental impacts? Does their strategy coherently compose energy and material flows? The case study will refer to the fashion system in Italy.
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Carson, Dean, Pramod Sharma, and Iain Waller. "Regional Tourism and the Internet." In Using Community Informatics to Transform Regions. IGI Global, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-132-2.ch018.
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Tourism, and especially regional tourism, is facing the same challenges that have emerged in most industry sectors as a result of online technology availability. There are concerns that access to tourism products are likely to be impeded if online technologies are not effectively employed by the whole tourism industry in Australia. A common understanding of the purpose of engaging online is critical to the development of sustainable models for regional tourism organisations. This paper discusses a case where FRANK (The Framework of Regional Tourism and Network Knowledge) was used to help a tourism organisation describe their approach to E-business development. The framework emerges from the four considerations discussed in this paper: governance, value adding, positioning and evaluation.
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Saad, Sameh M., Chandan Bhovar, Ramin Bahadori, and Hongwei Zhang. "Industry 4.0 Application in Lean Manufacturing – A Systematic Review." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde210059.
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For several years Lean manufacturing has been adopted by industries in improving the operational performance of the firm. However, Lean manufacturing is associated with fixed production sequence and slow responsiveness, which limits its capability of meeting the constantly changing customer demand, product variability & customisation. This can inhibit its adaptability in the digital era. Meanwhile, Industry 4.0 technologies support the mass production of highly customisable products by being modular and flexible. Although Industry 4.0 technologies can meet the demands of the digital era, they are considered as a solution provider with little scope for organisational process improvement. Hence, an integration of both approaches will lead to a competitive advantage in the digital era. This paper aims to explore and evaluate the work done by researchers in identifying the link between lean manufacturing and Industry 4.0 technologies, through a systematic literature review to understand if lean manufacturing and Industry 4.0 technology can be integrated effectively.
Conference papers on the topic "Paper industry – By-products"
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Suda, Mitsunori, Wei Wang, Takanori Kitamura, et al. "Delamination Behavior of Laminated Paper." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-38099.
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Paper recycling is an effective way in reducing deforestation and energy consumption. Therefore recycling paper and paper products has been widely applied in many areas, such as packaging industry, furniture decoration, temporary structures in building and so on. Paper products are made from plant fibers and they are laminated materials. So it is of possible to generate interlaminar fracture in the use of paper products, especially in the construction made of paper such as paper tubes which have been used widely. In order to improve the interlaminar performance of paper products and then improve the construction performance of paper products, delamination behavior of laminated paper has been studied in this paper. By a series of peel tests, comparative analysis about different paperboard were carried out. The cause of delamination behavior of laminated paper was analysis based on the detailed observation using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
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NERALLA, NARSAIAH. "Application of Target Costing and Performance Analysis: Evidence from Indian Automobile Industry." In 3rd International Conference on Administrative & Financial Sciences. Cihan University - Erbil, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/afs2020/paper.251.
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The manufacturing companies must keep attention over challenges and for the moment of adopting technology and practices instead of observation of competition amongst competitor companies. To create automobile business successful in India, companies are essential to adopting better cost accounting techniques to minimize costs. Target Costing has been identified as a popular technique to accomplish company’s goals. Target costing consist exclusive approach to decide target price for the product and services. Target Costing ensure that new product price would be competitive in the market with substantial quality of products. This research investigates the application procedure of Target Costing (TC) in Automobile companies in India. This study employed Target Costing as a dependent variable and Profitability; Growth; Net Tangibility Assets (NTA); EPS and Firm Size as independent variables. The study adopted convenience sample of top ten automobile companies listed on BSE of India and panel data has covered from 2014-15 to 2018-19 financial years. The results determine the target costing impact on profitability had reported by Pearson’s correlation result shown a negative relationship. Target costing impact on Return on sales examined by simple regression analysis and revealed that there is positive correlation. Finally, Target costing impact on financial performance examined by multiple regression results revealed that there is positive correlation with Revenue from Operation; Profitability; Return on Sales (ROS) and Growth, while negative correlation revealed by Margin from Operation; ROA; Net Tangibility Assets(NTA); EPS and Firm Size.
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Ballus, Olga, and Anna Bacardit. "Sustainable products in the leather industry." In The 8th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2020.iv.3.
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Protecting the environment is one of the three objectives of sustainability. One way to achieve this is to preserve natural resources by using renewable or residual raw materials. These products have a shorter lifespan and a lower carbon footprint, are highly biodegradable, and are therefore considered to be sustainable products. In this paper, three retanning agents and two oils classified as sustainable products were studied. First, biobased carbon content (an indicator of renewable raw material content) was determined. Then, the physical and organoleptic properties of the leathers treated with each product (degree of softness, firmness and fullness) were evaluated. The COD of residual baths was also determined in oils. The products presented in this paper meet the sustainability requirements, i.e., high renewable raw material content, short lifespan, and low carbon footprint. In addition, these products show high fixation and therefore have a low COD in residual baths, thus also contributing to their sustainability.
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Özdil, Tuncer, and Ainura Turdalieva. "An Analysis of Kyrgyz Manufacturing Industry by Using Input-Output Techniques." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c01.00193.
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As is known, there are various economies on the Eurasian continent area, which differ from each other by structure, potential and growth performance. Region's development depends on those economies growth and relationship between them. Viewed from this perspective, it’s become actual for Kyrgyzstan to research and evaluate the importance of manufacturing industry contribution to the economy. Given article aimed to study the reached stage in the process of manufacturing industry development, the position in the economy and economic policy tools, recommendations that will bring solutions to the identified problems. Research based on input-output analysis and as basic data used input-output tables prepared for the year 2005 and 2008 by the National Statistics Committee of Kyrgyz Republic. In the paper calculated the linkages among the industrial sector, direct and indirect sectoral demands, defining key sector for Kyrgyzstan’s Economy and explained sectoral analysis of production structure. For a better assessment of manufacturing industry, in paper discussed its structure, properties, dynamic aspects of change. The results are as follows: manufacturing industry inadequate in the economy and externally dependent; economy-wide inter-sectoral interaction is weak; manufacture of coke, refined petroleum products; manufacture of chemical products; manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products; manufacture fabricated metal products; manufacture of machinery and equipment calculated as key sectors. Also they are Kyrgyzstan's economy locomotive for economic growth among the other sectors. Therefore, realization of investments will stimulate the production capacity increase of manufacturing industry, strengthening of intersectoral relationships and stable macro-economic planning are important for achieve economic growth.
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Suda, Mitsunori, Takanori Kitamura, Ratchaneekorn Wongpajan, and Zhiyuan Zhang. "Effect of Paper Property on Mechanical Property of Paper Tube." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-51392.
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Paper recycling is an effective way in reducing deforestation and energy consumption. Therefore recycling paper and paper products has been widely applied in many areas, such as packaging industry, film rolls, adhesive-tape industry, furniture decoration and temporary structures in building. They can be produced into various structure according to different requirement, such as paper tube, corrugated paperboard and normal paperboard. Paper-tubes gain more and more applications as a traditional structure due to their excellent mechanical property and environmentally friendly property. In order to meet various needs of paper-tube and produce high performance paper-tubes, designing for paper-tubes fabrication is needed. It is necessary to research the lateral compression strength of paper tube because various paper-tubes are used as packages, cores, poles and structure materials. To establish a relation of mechanical property between paperboards and paper-tubes is an important aspect. The current study is to investigate this relation. Paperboards are built from cellulose fibers jointed by hydrogen bonds and some additional elements like talc. The fibers are distributed randomly on the paperboards. However due to the tension action during fabrication process, more fibers are distributed in machine rolling direction which is defined as machine direction (MD, TD for transverse direction). The material expresses obvious anisotropic property. On the other hand, due to the laminated structure of paper materials, it is possible to generate interlaminar fracture in the usage process, especially in the construction made of paper such as paper tubes. The mechanical property of three kinds of paperboards used for paper-tubes fabrication was investigated included tension, compression and peeling combining with anisotropic property. These three kinds of paperboards have different mechanical properties but same dimension for paper-tubes fabrications. By this method, the effects of different properties including tension, compression and peeling on mechanical property of paper-tube could be evaluated. A series of paper-tubes with different layers was fabricated and the lateral compression test was carried out and evaluated. The fracture form of paper-tubes and fracture position on paper-tube were discussed together with paperboards. The cause of delamination behavior of laminated paper was analysis based on the detailed observation. The optical observation were employed to evaluate the fracture properties of paper-tubes after lateral compression test. It was found that the initial fracture of paper-tubes occurred inside the paperboards rather than between layers and the peeling property of paperboard has a signification effects on lateral compression property of paper-tubes.
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Gericke, Kilian, A. J. Qureshi, and Lucienne Blessing. "Analyzing Transdisciplinary Design Processes in Industry: An Overview." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12154.
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Integrated product design and development in today’s highly competitive, demanding and economically challenging world is a complex process depending upon input of many individuals, groups, organizations and even communities, which collaborate to realize the product. Due to the multi-technology nature of modern products, the design process requires multi-disciplinary resources. Engineering design literature provides an extensive knowledge base of product design processes, most of which are specific in an explicit or an implicit way to a specific discipline. This is because some time ago, the products were perceived to be rather mono-disciplinary. Recently, design processes have been described for integrated products from inter-disciplinary and multi-disciplinary team perspective (e.g. [1]), however, they too take product specific and discipline specific point of view. This paper takes a transdisciplinary perspective towards product design and presents results from an empirical study carried out to analyze the design process of different integrated products belonging to different disciplines/industrial segments; all of which involve multi-disciplinary or transdisciplinary involvement. A framework based on key findings from the transdisciplinary consolidation of academic design process models presented by Gericke and Blessing and Eisenbart et al. is developed and used to provide answers to the following research questions: • How well does the literature based trans-disciplinary design process apply to the trans-disciplinary industrial context? • Are there similarities between design processes across organizations regarding presence of process stages and design states? • Are there any elements that deviate from the literature-based framework?
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Lopez-Parra, Marcelo, Gustavo Olivares, Alejandro Rami´rez-Reivich, Victor J. Gonzalez-Villela, and Vicente Borja. "UNAM’s University-Industry PhD Engineering Program." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-40770.
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This article presents UNAM’s University-Industry PhD Engineering Program that has been implemented over the last six years to help in the training of young researchers. The program expands along 8 semesters and is strengthened by the Mexican Science and Techology’s (CONACYT’s) funding schemes. Specifically, CONACYT’s new “Funds for Innovation Scheme”, which is intended for corporations that wish to design and develop new products, processes or services. The paper reports on the activities typically carried out by a research student (RS) in each of the 8 semesters and presents the results obtained in the PhD research work titled “Design and Development of a PVC Ampoule Filler-Sealer Machine System”.
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Matysczok, Carsten, Salvatore Parisi, Peter Ebbesmeyer, and Holger Krumm. "Mobile Representation of Complex Assembly Processes in Automotive Industry." In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/cie-48182.
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Today in aircraft and automotive industry highly complex products are manufactured. For the assembly of those complex products specialized and long trained employees are necessary to guarantee a consitent high quality of products. To reduce the training time and to allow even untrained employees the assembly of e.g. a car engine a dedicated concept has been developed to provide the emplyees with the necessary information. This paper describes the concept and the realization of a method for the representation of simulation data of complex assembly sequences on mobile devices (PDAs, wearables, etc.). Therefore the mobile device identifies the components to be assembled. It shows the correspronding assembly simulation on the display and receives feedback of the assembly operator. This feedback can be freely spoken into the device (e.g. comments on the simulation, misfits of assembly parts, demands for a better quality of the simulation, more detailed representation of single assembly steps) and is automatically sent by email to the person in charge. The modified simulation (according to the feedback of the assembly worker) is then transferred back to the PDA during the synchronization at the docking station.
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Parekh, Harsukh, and Vipin Chandra Sati. "Pipelines Industry in India: Recent Developments and Future Requirements." In 2002 4th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2002-27019.
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The consumption of petroleum products in India has been growing at a high rate. In order to meet the growing demand for petroleum, additional refining capacity is planned to be created involving augmentation of some of the existing refineries and construction of new refineries. While the refineries will be in a position to meet the demand of petroleum products, the critical and vital issue will be to supply crude oil to the refineries and to reach the products to various consumption centers in an efficient, reliable and cost effective manner. In addition to the liquid petroleum, Natural Gas is emerging as the major source of energy/feedstock. Infrastructure for storage and transportation of Natural Gas are also required to be set up in a big way to meet the projected demand. This can best be done by constructing new pipelines which are recognized worldwide as the most reliable and cost effective mode of transportation of oil and gas. In addition to the requirement for new pipelines, there is a need for upgradation of technology in the existing cross-country pipelines, many of which are more than 20 years old. Moreover, Indian Government has, as part of the process of liberalisation of the economy through a series of measures focused on the infrastructural developments, technology upgradation, trade policies and financial reforms, has opened the core sector of Petroleum to private investment. Thus, considerable scope exists not only for consultants, equipment and material manufacturers/suppliers and contractors for providing their services but also for making investments in the Indian pipeline industry. This paper describes the prospects/opportunities in the Indian pipeline industry.
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Pack, Andrew T., Emma Rose Phipps, Christopher A. Mattson, and Eric C. Dahlin. "Social Impact in Product Design: An Exploration of Current Industry Practices." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-86170.
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Though academic research for identifying and considering the social impact of products is emerging, the actual use of these processes in industry is undeclared in the literature. The gap between academic research and the industry adoption of these theories and methodologies can have real consequences. This paper explores current practices in industry that design engineers use to consider the social impact of products during the customer use stage. 30 people from nineteen different companies were interviewed to discover what disconnects exist between academia and industry when considering a product’s social impact. Although social impact assessments (SIA) and social life cycle assessments (SLCA) are two of the most common evaluative processes discussed in the literature, not a single company interviewed used either of these processes despite affirming that they do consider social impact in product design. Predictive processes were discussed by the respondents that tended to be developed within the company and often related to government regulations.