Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Paper manufacture'

This thesis investigates the existence and form of association between the technological structure of one of the most highly capital-intensive industries in the world, the paper and pulp (p&p) industry, and its dynamic behaviour in terms of market growth and development. Industrial structure issues are particularly relevant in highly capital-intensive sectors because they reflect the influence of economies of scale and changing patterns of entry and exit. The thesis draws upon two related bodies of literature: the dynamics of industrial structure, and heterogeneity within industry. It uses a quantitative hypothesis-deductive method and two panel databases. The first of these databases identifies key characteristics of the world's 150 largest p&p firms during the period 1978-2000, accounting for two-thirds of world output. The second dataset contains annual production capacity for the entire population of US p&p companies during the period 1970-2000. The US is the largest producer and consumer of p&p, accounting for one-third of world output. The main findings are as follows. Firstly, we demonstrate that p&p firms' growth is not a 'random walk' process, a generalization referred to in the literature as Gibrat's law. Nor is there a linear relation between growth and size distribution or between time and growth rates. We find that size, technology and time matter. Secondly, we demonstrate that this departure from Gibrat's law is due to the existence of three distinctive technological configurations or strategic groups of firms: 'Large & Diversified', 'Medium & Specialized', and 'Small & Very Specialized', which show persistently heterogeneous growth performance. In contrast with the findings in most of the recent empirical literature that shows smaller firms growing faster within the industry size distribution, the medium & specialized p&p companies show systematically the highest rates of growth. Thirdly, patterns of p&p firm survival and technological adoption behaviour over the last three decades are identified and related to the principal technological advances during the period, i.e. the very rapid increase in paper machine operating speed. The research contributes to the literature by providing robust new empirical evidence of the persistence over time of an intra-industry technological structure that systematically influences the heterogeneous performance of firms with different technological configurations and whose origins are linked to firms' growth processes (industrial dynamics) in the p&p industry.

In der Bereichsbibliothek Dre•punct der SLUB Dresden wird in Kooperation mit dem Lehrstuhl für Technik- und Technikwissenschaftsgeschichte der TU Dresden bis Oktober 2010 die Ausstellung „Papiergeschrei – Ein Material für alle Fälle“ zu sehen sein. Auf dem Tresen, dem Schreibtisch und in der Küche wird gezeigt, was man mit dem „Alleskönner“ alles machen kann.

Hot cracking is a serious problem that encounters during welding of aluminium-magnesium alloys. In the present study, solidification and liquation type of hot cracks in weld metal and the heat-affected zones of 5086-H32 aluminium alloy were investigated by using Modified Varestraint Test (MVT) with TIG-AC and TIG-DC welding. With determining the size, type and number of cracks, a relation was established between welding line energy and strain on the hot crack formation. This information was used to determine the hot crack safe parameter ranges. The hot cracking tendency as a function of applied parameters were discussed in the frame of temperature fields around the moving heat source. Moreover, the characteristic hot crack locations on the 5086-H32 MVT specimens were generalized. The results of the study indicated that the increase in line energy and strain increased the hot cracking tendency of the specified aluminium alloy. In the low line energy range, the main hot cracking mechanism is the solidification cracking which could be overcome by the use of a suitable filler material. At high line energy range, due to the increased amount of interdendritic liquid, the amount of solidification cracking decreases by healing mechanism. However, because of the enlarged-temperature-field around the weld zone, fraction of HAZ cracking increases. The comparison between the hot cracking tendencies in low and high line energies indicates that the low line energy ranges with low augmented strains resulted in hot crack safer parameters.

The automatic classification of manufactured paper will form an important part of the paper making industry. Currently the human element plays a pivotal role in the quality assessment of manufactured paper. However, the inspection results can be unreliable as the performance of the human element can be affected by social pressures and fatigue among others. The system presented in this thesis replicates the actions of the human element in the quality assessment of manufactured paper and also expresses the subjective judgement for an objective figure of merit. This is achieved through the application of texture analysis in the characterisation of the surface appearance of paper for quality. However, texture analysis techniques individually can give unsatisfactory classification performance. This thesis has shown that the use of multiple features from different techniques in combination leads to enhanced classification performance over the use of features from any single method alone. Techniques from computer image analysis that were found useful for characterising the surface appearance quality for paper included the co-occurrence matrices, the grey level run length method, the specific perimeter method and first order statistics. A supervised neural network classifier was used for classification. The use of confusion matrices and the loss matrices to interpret the paper classification results is new. The results presented from paper appear promising and further work on other strategies that fuse information (extracted from samples of paper) together must improve the classification performance of this scheme.

Ingeniera Civil Química
El papel Tissue es un papel suave y absorbente que se utiliza tanto en el ámbito doméstico como sanitario. Este tiene como principal característica su suavidad y textura, además de su bajo peso y múltiples capas. La fabricación del papel se concentra principalmente en remover el agua de una suspensión fibrosa, mediante procesos mecánicos. La etapa de secado es uno de los más relevantes en el proceso productivo del papel ya que en esta se remueve la mayor cantidad de agua (de un 60% a un 5% aprox.). Asimismo, esta fase es esencial en lo que concierne a las propiedades del producto, particularmente para papeles Tissue, ya que determina niveles de suavidad y textura. En esta investigación se realizó un modelo paramétrico y fenomenológico del secado de papel que tiene como principal objetivo comprender el proceso de producción de papel Tissue y poder manipular sus variables correctamente para proponer medidas de optimización. Dicho modelo busca asociar las variables, que estén involucradas en la transferencia de calor, con indicadores de salida como productividad, costos y calidad del producto. El modelo fue desarrollado en base a una de las máquinas papeleras presentes en la planta de papel Tissue de la empresa CMPC, localizada en Talagante. Para llevar a cabo el modelo se identificaron los principales fenómenos involucrados en la etapa de secado y se utilizaron las ecuaciones que describen sus comportamientos para crear la base teórica del modelo. Luego se hizo una búsqueda bibliográfica que avalara los parámetros característicos de los fluidos y geometrías involucradas. Gracias a la simulación se logró identificar las variables manipulables más significativas en el proceso del secado siendo estas la velocidad del ventilador de recirculación, la temperatura del aire y la velocidad del cilindro. Estas variables son capaces de controlar el proceso con el fin de lograr los estándares de calidad del producto. Además se determina la condición actual del sistema demostrando su comportamiento a través de perfiles de humedad y temperatura, fijando variables de entrada y traduciendo los resultados en indicadores de salida. Asimismo se determina que la influencia del sistema de inyección de aire mediante capotas es transcendental para la etapa de secado, logrando un 64,2% de la evaporación del agua, mientras que el cilindro aporta con el 35,8% restante. Y finalmente se sugiere manipular la velocidad del ventilador pues tal cambio tiene mayor impacto sobre la calidad del papel, ya que su manipulación no incurre en gastos monetarios (referentes al consumo de gas natural). Además si se desea aumentar o disminuir la producción, se recomienda modificar la velocidad del cilindro secador.

De 1770 à 1914, le papier peint devient la première forme de décor de l'intérieur occidental. S'il a généralement donné lieu à une approche stylistique, nous ignorons encore beaucoup à son propos du simple point de vue matériel. Il s'agit ici de définir le cadre de sa création : l'entreprise, le studio de dessin, l'atelier, de voir comment et à qui il était vendu, de préciser sa pose, de façon à saisir sous le motif, ce poids de civilisation qui lui donne tout son sens. Au XVIIIe siècle, le papier peint est produit d'exception, relativement bien documenté. En utilisant les archives de la Maison du Roi et surtout les riches archives du fonds de la manufacture N. Dollfus & Cie à Mulhouse, il est possible de répondre partiellement aux questions posées. Au XIXe siècle, au contraire, alors que l'usage des papiers peints s'amplifie, avec la mécanisation progressive des procédés de fabrication, l'étude se concentre non sur celle des produits de haut de gamme, mieux renseignés, à partir essentiellement du fonds de la manufacture Jean Zuber & Cie à Rixheim : panoramiques, décors. . . Généralement méconnu, le papier peint apparaît comme un élément fondamental de la culture de l'intérieur
From 1770 to 1914, wallpaper became the premier decoration in western interiors. Until recently, its study is concentrated on the history of style and little is know about the general context in which it was produced. It is necessary to investigate the circumstances of its creation; the firm, the studio, the factory, and to study its marketing and consumption. By focusing on these aspects we achieve a greater understanding of what is lying beneath its surface and which gives it meaning. During the 18th century wallpaper was still produced for elite markets, about which a good deal is know. By using the archives the King's house, and, the rich archives of N. Dollfus & Co in Mulhouse, it is possible to provide an answer to some of the questions about its context. During the 19th century, the consumption of wallpaper increased with the introduction of mechanization : the study concentrates on products intended for elite markets, such as the "scenics", "decors" etc. Documented in the archives of the Jean Zuber & Co, Rixheim. This study establishes wallpaper firmly as a fundamental element of the culture of the interior at every level of society

El presente trabajo de tesis se desarrolla a partir de la situación actual en una empresa del rubro de manufactura de productos higiénicos a base de papel tisú. Este caso de estudio abarca el proceso de elaboración de papel higiénico y papel toalla, dividido a su vez en dos sub-procesos principales: manufactura de bobinas de papel y conversión en el producto final. La investigación se divide en análisis y diagnóstico de la empresa, propuestas de mejora y evaluación económica. En la etapa de análisis y diagnóstico, primero se define el área productiva a mejorar. Luego, considerando la cantidad de dinero perdida por tiempo de parada máquina, se selecciona la línea de producción más crítica. A partir de ello, se identifican las principales pérdidas y se definen los principales problemas en la línea seleccionada. Después, se determinan cuáles eran sus causas raíz y se diagnostica el sistema productivo del papel higiénico y papel toalla. En la etapa de propuestas de mejora, luego de haber identificado los principales problemas y determinado sus causas raíz, se plantea la aplicación de las siguientes herramientas de lean manufacturing: SMED y TPM, soportadas en 5S’s, gestión visual y estandarización, cada una con la metodología de implementación orientada a disminuir y/o eliminar un tipo de pérdida definido y adaptada a las necesidades y objetivos de la empresa en estudio. Finalmente, en la evaluación económica, se determina que, a partir de las mejoras propuestas, el tiempo de parada de máquina ocasionado por el cambio de producto se reduce en un 35%; lo que, en términos monetarios, se traduce en ahorro que asciende a S/. 96 448,09 anual en promedio. Por otro lado, implementando el pilar de mejora enfocada se logró una ganancia de 66 horas de producción. Esto representa para la empresa un ahorro de S/. 78 850,17 anual. Asimismo, se obtiene un VAN económico de S/. 29 140,81 y un TIR de 52.75%, lo que significa que la aplicación de las mejoras resulta rentable para la empresa.
Tesis

La aparición de nuevos competidores y las mayores exigencias de los clientes en términos de precio, tiempo y calidad hace mandatorio a las empresas la necesidad de mejorar continuamente de manera sistemática. En este sentido, la presente propuesta pretende incrementar la satisfacción del cliente, ahorrar costos y elevar el bienestar del personal a través de la implementación de la manufactura esbelta. La empresa en estudio se dedica a la fabricación y comercialización de productos de papel tisú tales como servilleta, papel toalla y papel higiénico. A fin de conocer la situación actual de la empresa se realizó la revisión de indicadores históricos de calidad, productividad y seguridad y el mapeo del flujo de valor (VSM, por sus siglas en inglés); con lo que se concluyó la necesidad de la incorporación de herramientas de la manufactura esbelta tales como mantenimiento autónomo, 5S’s y SMED como propuesta de solución a los actuales problemas de la empresa. La implementación busca reducir los principales desperdicios identificados en la línea de producción además de elevar la disponibilidad, eficiencia y calidad. Dado que la implementación propuesta pretende generar el mayor impacto para la empresa en estudio, se ha seleccionado como línea piloto la línea PUP 3 Sincro 7.6 cuya función es convertir las bobinas de papel en rollos de papel higiénico de tipo económico (producto estrella). Actualmente la línea en cuestión presenta mayores problemas de calidad y productividad. Según los reportes, durante el 2012 la línea estuvo parada alrededor de 536 horas, lo que representó una pérdida de más 160,000 dólares. Con la implementación propuesta se espera un incremento de la disponibilidad, eficiencia y calidad en alrededor de 6%, 4% y 1% respectivamente. Asimismo, _.En términos monetarios, la implementación conllevará una inversión de S/. 319,926.52 durante el primer año y se espera genere un ahorro de S/. 282,053.91 anuales. Por lo descrito anteriormente se recomienda se extienda la aplicación de la manufactura esbelta a lo largo de las demás líneas de producción con la finalidad de crear una cultura de mejora continua.
Tesis

El presente trabajo se desarrolla a partir de la situación actual en una empresa del rubro de manufactura de productos higiénicos a base de papel. Este caso de estudio comprende específicamente el proceso de producción de productos higiénicos enrollados a base de papel, dividida a su vez en dos sub-procesos principales, que son: la elaboración de bobinas de papel base y su conversión en producto final empaquetado listo para ser distribuido. Los análisis realizados se centraron principalmente en las carencias identificadas en el área de calidad como área de soporte a las áreas productivas, tomando como base las diferentes técnicas generales empleadas en las funciones de control, aseguramiento y mejora de la calidad de los procesos y sus productos; las cuales, a su vez, se propusieron como alternativas de mejora al proceso. Estas bases técnicas utilizadas fueron: control estadístico de procesos mediante cartas de control de variables, control estadístico de procesos mediante cartas de control de atributos; determinación, análisis y mejora de procesos mediante la aplicación de índices de capacidad de procesos; control de calidad de salida del producto final mediante planes de muestreo de aceptación por atributos simple y doble (ISO 2859) a partir de un AQL dado; y verificación de sistemas de medición mediante diseño de experimentos. Los principales resultados estimados a partir de esta mejora indican una reducción considerable en la cantidad promedio de productos defectuosos, así como una mejor calidad media de salida del producto final. En términos económicos, se estima como resultado un ahorro que asciende los 274 mil nuevos soles a la semana.
Tesis

The present Doctoral Thesis presents a method for the study of watermarks in administrative documents of the 18th century at the Municipal Historical Archive of Alicante (A.M.A). For this purpose, 88 files corresponding to Libro 42, (Armario 1) and entitled Órdenes sobre Diputados y Personeros del común y economía y gobierno de abastos de los años 1766-1768 have been studied. These files are Government Orders and correspond to the series of Privileges and Real Provisions of the City of Alicante. In this study the Municipal Historical Archive of Alicante (A.M.A.) was chosen because of its varied, rich and extensive collection of documents of the city of Alicante dating from the 13th century to the present day. This dissertation, far beyond a mere typological and chronological catalog, aims to carry out an in-depth study of watermarks that leads to the identification of specifc design patterns as well as to understand if the use given to specific papers was done according to its documentary typology. To this end, a database and a technical data sheet was created for each watermark. Equally interesting, a new typology of watermark could be determined from the selected documents when observing that some sheets of paper presented two complementary (in some cases) and/or different watermarks (in others) in side of the papersheet. The added difficulty in this study was to establish a classification criteria for a material that is deeply heterogeneous since, these type of studies have been usually governed by the traditional method that classifies watermarks per individual sheets. Finally, a total of 279 watermarks were documented which -according to the established classification-, can be grouped into 47 different types. This new methodology aims to provide more complete information about watermarks and about the document that houses it, as well as to establish common classification criteria, avoiding repetitions and facilitating the extraction of conclusive data, in order to open the field of filigranology to new and future research.
La presente tesis doctoral muestra un método para el análisis morfológico y el estudio de las filigranas presentes en documentos administrativos del s. XVIII custodiados en el Archivo Histórico Municipal de Alicante (A.M.A.). Para ello se han estudiado 88 expedientes insertos en el Libro 42, (Armario 1) titulados Órdenes sobre Diputados y Personeros del común y economía y gobierno de abastos de los años 1766-1768. Dichos expedientes pertenecen al grupo documental Órdenes de gobierno y a la serie Privilegios y Provisiones Reales de la Ciudad de Alicante. Para este estudio se ha elegido el Archivo Histórico Municipal de Alicante (A.M.A.) por poseer una documentación muy variada, rica y amplia en documentos de la ciudad de Alicante desde el s. XIII hasta nuestros días. La presente tesis doctoral, más allá de un mero catálogo tipológico y cronológico, pretende realizar un estudio profundo de filigranas que permita abordar la existencia de patrones en un grupo específico de documentos así como determinar el uso que se le dio al papel en su contexto temporal y geográfico específico en función de su tipología documental. Para ello se establecieron una serie de parámetros de registro, la creación de una base de datos, una ficha técnica y además, se ha podido concretar una nueva tipología de filigranas en las obras estudiadas. Esto último se debe a que en el transcurso de la investigación pudo observarse que el pliego de papel podía presentar dos filigranas (ocupando ambas páginas del pliego), siendo complementarias en unos casos y/o diferente en otros. Por ello se ha podido establecer una nueva tipología. La dificultad añadida ha estado en poder establecer criterios de clasificación para un material profundamente heterogéneo a partir del estudio del pliego de papel dado que, hasta el momento, los estudios de las mismas se venían rigiendo por el método tradicional que clasifica la filigrana por motivo, es decir, por hoja individual. Finalmente se han localizado un total de 279 filigranas que -según la clasificación establecida-, se pueden agrupar en 47 Tipos distintos. Esta nueva metodología pretende aportar información más completa sobre las filigranas y el documento que las alberga, así como establecer criterios comunes de clasificación, evitando repeticiones y facilitando la extracción de datos concluyentes, con el fin de abrir el campo de la filigranología a nuevas y futuras investigaciones.
La present tesi doctoral mostra un mètode per al anàlisis morfològic i per al estudi de les filigranes presents en documents administratius del s. XVIII custodiats en l¿Arxiu Històric Municipal d¿Alacant (A.M.A.). Per a això s¿han estudiat 88 expedients inserits en el Libro 42, (Armario 1)titulats Órdenes sobre Diputados y Personeros del común y economía y gobierno de abastos de los años 1766-1768. Els dits expedients pertanyen al grup documental Ordes de govern i a la sèrie Privilegis i Provisions Reals de la Ciutat d¿Alacant. Per a este estudi s¿ha triat l¿Arxiu Històric Municipal d¿Alacant (A.M.A.) per posseir una documentació molt variada, rica i àmplia en documents de la ciutat d¿Alacant des del s. XIII fins als nostres dies. La present tesi doctoral, més enllà d¿un mer catàleg tipològic i cronològic, pretén realitzar un estudi profund de filigranes que permeta abordar l¿existència de patrons en un grup específic de documents així com determinar l¿ ús que se li va donar al paper en un context temporal i geogràfic específic en funció de la seua tipologia documental. Per a això es van establir una sèrie de paràmetres de registre, la creació d¿una base de dades, una fitxa tècnica i a més s¿ha pogut concretar una nova tipologia de filigranes en les obres estudiades. Açò últim se deu al fet que en el transcurs de la investigació va poder observar-se que el plec de paper podia presentar dos filigranes (ocupant ambdós pàgines del plec), sent complementàries en uns casos y/o diferent en altres. Per això s¿ha pogut establir una nova tipologia. La dificultat afegida ha estat a poder establir criteris de classificació per a un material profundament heterogeni a partir de l ¿estudi del plec de paper atés que, fins al moment, els estudis de les mateixes es venien regint pel mètode tradicional que classifica la filigrana per motiu, és a dir, per full individual. Finalment s¿han localitzat un total de 279 filigranes que -segons la classificació establida-, es poden agrupar en 47 Tipus distints. Esta nova metodologia pretén aportar informació més completa sobre les filigranes i el document que les alberga, així com establir criteris comuns de classificació, evitant repeticions i facilitant l¿extracció de dades concloents, a fi d¿obrir el camp de la filigranología a noves i futures investigacions.
Soliva Sánchez, M. (2017). Estudio de filigranas en documentos administrativos del s.XVIII en el Archivo Histórico Municipal de Alicante. Análisis morfológico y puesta en valor [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/90633
TESIS

碩士
國立臺灣大學
森林學研究所
88
The Manufacture of Laminated Paperboard from Recycled Wastepaper 【Abstract】 The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of various hot pressing conditions and the solid contents of PF resin on the properties of recycled pulp；and the optimization of the manufacturing process of laminated paperboard is also discussed . There were no significant differences in weight gain % of paper sheet regardless of the type and basis weight of the paper sheet if treated with low solid content of resin . However，the weight gain % increased with increasing solid content of the resin，and levelled off when the solid content of resin reached 45 % . The treatment of recycled pulp with PF resin could improve the tensile strength，ring crush and dimensional stability of the paper . With high retention of PF resin，it is necessary to increase the hot pressing temperature and time in order to obtain the complete curing of the PF resin . The alcohol soluble PF resin，which is highly water resistant，will also provide some degree of water resistance to the laminated paperboard . From the standpoint of economics，the laminated paperboards made from ONP are superior to those made from OCC；and as far as price is concerned the recovery and utilization of ONP are quite competitive .

碩士
國立中興大學
環境工程學系所
99
The recovery of discharged water has always entailed technical difficulties;this is also a situation which industry operators have been actively striving to improve. Particularly for paper mills with huge water consumption , general operators generally use groundwater as the raw water for their cleaning process . However , this may leave land subsidence problems for future generations . Therefore , to safeguard our environment for the next generation , and we must face and solve water pollution problems now . Paper mills in particular ought to set a good example for others in making all possible efforts to work on reducing water discharge . This study used discharged water as the source for water recycling , and automatic quartz sand filters as the main recycling unit to effectively remove the fine particles in the discharged water ; bag filters were then used to filter the micro-impurities generated from the regeneration and backwash process of the automatic quartz sand filters , in order to prevent them from degrading the cleanliness of the processed water. In particular , germicidal lamps were used for effective UV sterilization , thus supplying the clean water required for the manufacturing process . The results of this study found the filtering effect of the automatic quartz sand filters to be quite good , but there is still room for improvement regarding the excessive cleaning frequency as the amount of water to be recovered increased . Fortunately , the capacity of the wastewater tank for instantaneous backwash displacement is large enough to accommodate instantaneous displacement , which is also capable of condensing the concentration of fine particles in the wastewater system . Compared to the use of chemical coagulation agents to capture the particles in wastewater , this method is considerably helpful . The use of bag filters to filter small impurities represents a dual-protection mechanism that effectively achieves filtered recovery , further facilitated with the UV sterilization action . This enables the efficient saving of water resource and recovery for on-site use . The best advantage of this device is its low cost and simple equipment unit that can effectively recover discharged water for reuse . The investment in the UV sterilization unit further enabled effective bacterial control in paper mills . The reuse of such recovered water for other purposes can be explored in future research , in order to achieve maximum utilization and economic benefits .

碩士
元智大學
資訊管理學系
97
This study’s portfolio structure is based on social influence model, experiential learning and 5 stage e-moderating model. It explores corporate E-Learning system, 176 samples which education background and seniority’s gap are wide. According to questionnaire result, media features & satisfaction of learning are two main influence in E-Learning . The more use media the more E-Learning higher satisfaction. E-Learning experience and skills are the higher satisfaction. Analysis explanation of learning is lower than the job and work performance. On the other hand, study effect is banded with media features, satisfaction of learning and learning skill. The use of e-learning divides into the study effect and performance. The research shows that performance purpose learning is the better decision-making primarily than study effect purpose. The experience transmits is helpful to the work performance, the study effect reaches a supplement to the performance needs of the information flow to achieve the experience transmit effect.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
森林環境暨資源學研究所
95
Treating paper products with anti-mildew compounds is one of the common methods for prolonging their service life. Thus, in this study the anti-mildew properties of papers treated with several plant leaf essential oils selected and their main components were evaluated by anti-mildew assay. The essential oils and their main components with anti-mildew activities were further used for the paper dipping treatments and the paper properties was examined by using indoor exposure test, accelerated aging test and artificially accelerated lightfastness test. To screen the essential oils and constituents having great anti-mildew property, leaf essential oils from five chemo-types of Cinnamomum osmophloeum (cinnamaldehyde type, cinnamaldehyde-cinnamyl acetate type, linalool type, camphor type, and mixed type), Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Cinnamomum insularimontanum, Cinnamomum burmani, and Clausena excavate and their major constituents (cinnamaldehyde, linalool, camphor, cinnamyl acetate, bornyl acetate, 3-phenylpropionaldehyde, eugenol, 1,8-cineol, safrole, borneol, terpinolene) were investigated by anti-mildew assay. Results from the anti-mildew assay revealed that cinnamaldehyde type and cinnamaldehyde -cinnamyl acetate type of C. osmophloeum leaf oil had great inhibitory effects on the growth of Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, Chaetomium globosum, Penicillium citrinum, and Trichoderma viride among the selected essential oils. Cinnamaldehyde had better inhibitory effects on the growth of five mildews than other constituents tested and even better than the popular fumigation, thymol. IC50 (Median inhibition concentration) values of cinnamaldehyde against five mildews were all ＜ 62.5 μg/cm2. Anti-mildew papers manufactured from Xuan and wood free paper and they were dipped in 2％ ethanol solution of cinnamaldehyde type of C. osmophloeum leaf oil and cinnamaldehyde. They inhibited the growth of five mildews tested completely, and there is no significant difference in the color variations and the pH value were observed in comparison with the untreated papers. As for paper strength properties, the changes of tensile index and folding endurance of both Xuan and wood free paper after dipping in 2％ cinnamaldehyde and 2％ cinnamaldehyde type of C. osmophloeum leaf oil were comparatively lower than the untreated papers. In addition, the changes in paper properties of both Xuan and wood free paper after indoor exposure for 16 weeks, accelerated aging test for 288 hr, and accelerated lightfastness test for 400 hr were almost similar to those of untreated papers. Furthermore, essential oil and its compound evaporated easily. Therefore, this study reveals that anti-mildew papers can be manufactured by using leaf oil of C. osmophloeum and cinnamaldehyde with papers without affecting the color and pH value. Howerver, we should take account of the environment and the purpose, since they might have shorter anti-mildew activity and lower paper strength prperties.

碩士
國立高雄第一科技大學
環境與安全衛生工程所
90
Developing Optimal Operating Parameters for Wastewater Treatment Units of A Paper Manufacture Factory- By Tagachi Qualitative Engineering Assessment Model Abstract Traditionally, the operation parameters of wastewater treatment units were generally determined by laboratory experimental analyses and personal experiences on sites. They generally could not be operated under the best conditions for these wastewater treatment units due to the properties and flowrate wastewater changed quite often or due to after a long time of operation of wastewater treatment plants. Especially, the raw material for paper manufacture factory was depended on the recycled wastepaper and its prosperities were different frequently. This results in the quality of process wastewater changed frequently. It is necessary to establish a fast and systematical simulating model that can adjust the operation parameters of wastewater treatment units in a possibly shortest period. Thus, the main objective of this study was to establish the optimal operating parameters for wastewater treatment unites from a paper manufacture factory with Tagachi qualitative engineering assessment model. Both physical and biological wastewater treatment unit operations were investigated as examples. Meanwhile, to establish the wastewater recycling operation was another purpose for this investigation. Several information and analytic skills such as orthogonal tables, effect tables, effect figures, average process data assessment, and variation analyses is generally applied by Tagachi model. The analytic results indicated that the dosage of PAC and polymer, air/water ratio, and water quality of influent wastewater would affect the removal efficiencies of the flotation wastewater treatment units. Using this model, we developed the optimal operating parameters and achieved the enhancement of 30 % in the COD removal efficiency. Another advantage of the analytic procedures also showed that the recovery period could be reduced from 3 day to 4 hours from failing operation of the floatation operation units. In addition, for biological wastewater treatment units (oxidation ditch), we developed the optimal operated parameter and achieved 10% of increase in COD removal efficiency. Several parameters were important for achieve better removal efficiencies of biological treatment units. They were properties of wastewater, rotating frequencies of air purging machine, the amount of dosage of bio-adds, and cycling biological sludge ratios. The study results also indicated that the reuse of wastewater could be recycled up 87 %. This ratio was much higher than the average recycling ratios of wastewater water for most paper manufacture factories in Taiwan. Keywords: Tagachi model; system analyses, wastewater treatment, optimization, floatation, oxidation ditch, operational parameters

碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
工業管理系
94
This research includes a case study, which takes Plant A as a target to probe into the problems of multi-product scheduling with single-machine. The results are as follows: 1. Under current manufacturing and selling situation, if Plant A switches the business model to pure “make to stock ” from“make to order” combined with some “ make to stock”, it definitely helps enhance equipment utilization and reduce setup cost and inventory holding cost. 2. Within the limitation of the capacity of Plant A’s warehouse, “common cycle scheduling “ possesses the flexibility to plan the most appropriate production cycle and simultaneously resolves the problems of stockout.

碩士
國立中央大學
產業經濟研究所碩士在職專班
98
Since the invention of paper during Eastern Han dynasty, paper products such as cleaning supplies, food containers, packaging papers, and books are everywhere in our life. It is obvious that the paper-making industry is indispensable in every modern society. In this thesis, we use SCP analysis and case study to analyze business development strategies of the paper-making manufacturers in Taiwan under the operation pressure from the requirement of strict environmental protection and the impact of trade liberalization. We derive the following conclusions: The branded household paper manufacturers can make more profits from participating ODM. Paper for information transmission won’t be replaced unless the power problems of e-book are solved. Moreover, industrial paper manufacturers should follow the foreign direct investments of Taiwan enterprises to setup factories overseas. Then, the industrial paper manufacturers can serve their customers nearby and penetrate the foreign markets simultaneously. By case study, we find that the engagement of technology improvements on reducing production costs and environmental pollutions is crucial for a paper-making manufacturer under current business environment. Switching to E-management is also essential for a paper-making manufacturer to obtain management efficiency. Finally, a paper-making manufacturer may properly diversify its investments on other businesses to reduce business operation risks.

碩士
中華大學
資訊管理學系碩士班
99
The increasingly prevalent use of electronic paper means a rapid growth of customer demands. In the present, the electronic paper manufacturing industry still has an insufficient production capacity. Responding to customer needs, innovating new products, and reducing unnecessary inventory are main requirements for strengthening a firm’s competitive advantages, and introduction of supply chain management systems is a key approach to meeting the first two requirements. Domestic industries have also gradually recognized the importance of supply chain management. In face of global competition, horizontal organizational, fast diffusion of industry knowledge, penetration of the Internet, and the impact of electronic technology, most companies across industries have spared no effort to enhance their competitiveness. Thus, there is a growing need for introduction of supply chain management systems among them. This study first reviewed literature related to introduction of information systems, meanings of supply chain management and introduction methods, and the environment of the electronic paper manufacturing industry. Later, this study conducted interviews to explore problems that may be encountered in the introduction of a supply chain management system. Finally, this study attempted to propose an introduction model that could be a reference model for related industries. This study selected a company in the electronic paper manufacturing industry for case research. The company’s experience of introducing a supply chain management system was explored using in-depth interview, observation, document collection and analysis methods. Data were analyzed and discussed to derive some suggestions on introduction of supply chain management systems. These suggestions could be a reference for the electronic paper manufacturing industry and other industries as well.

碩士
東吳大學
企業管理學系
93
According to statistics by Ministry of Economy, China is the foremost priority when Taiwanese enterprises consider establishing their new footholds, and Taiwan is the biggest foreign investor in Vietnam. The purpose of this study is to understand the determining factors for public-listed paper mills in Taiwan to start new branches in China or Vietnam, and the objects of the research are the those who have actually invested in China or Vietnam. The approach of the study is first analyze the current conditions of paper industry in Taiwan, China, and Vietnam and then generalize the main reasons why Taiwan paper mills invested in China and Vietnam from aspects of environment, economy, industry, and pragmatic elements. The reference of the research also includes subsidiary material and a survey conducted on the managers of these companies by questionnaires and interviews, which proved to be a precious source of data. The study shows the strategies these paper manufacturers concern the most when establishing overseas branches are 1) focus on their original industry, 2) access to natural resources and upstream integration, 3) benignant interflow with Taiwanese business, and 4) to expand the market. The determining factors for them to invest in China and Vietnam are 1) government, 2) fundamental facilities, 3) cost of new branches, and 4) market. Their recognition for China and Vietnam includes: 1) China has better fundamental facilities, 2) China presents higher risk in investment than Vietnam, 3) competition is keener in China than in Vietnam, 4) the operation cost is higher in China than in Vietnam, and 5) the economic conditions are better in China than Vietnam. When establishing overseas branches, the main task is upstream integration and the main products are industrial paper and paper appliances, and the main considerations for the executives are market and cost. Finally, the study proposes conclusion and suggestions, taking into considerations theoretical argumentation, development process and characteristics of paper industry, so as to present as reference for a paper mill to decide their strategy for moving westward to China or southbound to Vietnam.

碩士
銘傳大學
管理研究所碩士在職專班
94
This research aimed to find out how the factors of sales of new fancy paper product influence manufacture’s satisfaction and loyalty as a customer. Using “Critical Factors-Customer Satisfaction-Customer Loyalty” as main frame, this study classified the characteristics of manufactures, and based on those differences, discussed the critical factors influencing customer loyalty. New product sales and marketing of fancy paper were used as research object to determine the critical factors of customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. This research employed questionnaire to conduct empirical analysis, and the result of this research concluded: 1. What are the critical factors of manufacture’s behavior regarding selecting new fancy paper products? In other words, which critical factors were considered when manufactures conducting the behaviors of innovative purchasing, manufacture transfer, manufacture recommendation, derivative products purchasing and relationship extension? These findings are supposed to become a reference for the manufacture’s marketing management. 2. In order to help manufactures focus on the process of product sales and marketing, this research discussed the critical factors of new fancy paper product selection by different characteristics from manufactures with various distributions. 3. This research tried to find out critical factors improving customer satisfaction and customer loyalty regarding sales of new fancy paper products, using different variables of manufacture characteristics. The results of this study help to meet manufacture’s needs when merchandising new fancy paper products, and as a result, improving long-term competitiveness of the enterprise.

碩士
朝陽科技大學
企業管理系
106
The outward migration and westward movement of Taiwan's industries, coupled with an increase in the deployment of emerging countries such as Southeast Asia, and rapid innovation and competition in the service industry's interaction between service providers and consumers, the paper container manufacturing industry is facing fierce competition and a rise in consumer awareness. The business model explores the experience of service innovation from the perspective of customers and the value of customers to create applications for the service industry. Therefore, it is very important to study how to co-create the value of the company and its customers and to explore the consistency between the best value of the company's value proposition and the customer's actual needs. This study uses a business model perspective to explore the value proposition transfer process of paper container manufacturing companies in order to create value. This case study uses interview survey, five in-depth interviews with paper container manufacturing company executives and related personnel, and a case-by-case analysis using grounded theory to explore how paper container manufacturing companies communicate service value and corporate philosophy to first-line services through internal marketing. Through the key activities of quotations, orders and delivery service processes, provide customer service process quality products and services, pain points solution to profit-making engines to create profits. In the stage of quotation and order, the enterprise optimizes the quotation evaluation process and improves the efficiency of availability-to-promise (ATP). Achieve and shorten the production plan target of the enterprise and shorten capable-to-promise (CTP), and follow up the order process, so as to improve the order fill rate(OFR) and expand the receiving orders and profit. In the delivery phase, improve the deployment of service resources. Transparent products and service procedures enable customers to be psychologically stable and reliable, create service value, molding high-quality transaction execution connotation. Keywords: Paper Container Manufacturing Industry, Business Model, Value Proposition, Internal Marketing, Grounded Theory.