To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Paper Paper coatings. Lithography.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Paper Paper coatings. Lithography'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 48 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Paper Paper coatings. Lithography.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Liu, Chung-Ni. "Laboratory investigation of the effect of the dampening solution on the loss of surface strength of coated paper /." Online version of thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11983.
Full text
2
Jain, Amitkumar Champalal. "Moisture transport in paper and paper coatings /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2004. http://dspace.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/354.
Full text
3
Seboa, Sharrief. "Polyurethane dispersions for paper coatings." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53005.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Aqueous polyurethane (PU) dispersions were synthesized for the use in paper coatings.
These PUs contained a polyester polyol soft segment (content of 60-70%) and a urethane
hard segment (content of 30-40%). This was followed by grafting using four different grafting
agents. Triethylamine (TEA) was used as the neutralizing agent. The polyester polyol
segment consisted of neopentyl glycol (NPG), adipic acid, 1,4-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid
(1,4-CHOCA) and 2-phosphonobutane-1 ,2,4- tricarboxylic acid (PSTCA), while the urethane
hard segment consisted of hydrogenated 4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate,
dimethylolproponic acid (OMPA), 3-hydroxypivalic acid (HPA) and hydroxyethylene
methacrylate (HEMA). The grafting agents used were lauryl methacrylate (LMA), n-butyl
methacrylate (n-SMA), methyl methacrylate (MMA) and styrene.
Two different polyester polyols were synthesized, one containing 10% phosphate and the
other none. The polyols were characterized in terms of their acid value, hydroxyl value and
molecular mass. The PUs synthesized from the polyol containing 0% phosphate were grafted
with LMA, while the phosphate-containing PUs were grafted with each of the all four grafting
agents.
The resulting dispersions were applied to paperboard, and then dried at a maximum
temperature of 100°C. The PU-coated paperboard was characterized using the moisture
vapour transmission rate (MVTR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques.
PU films (not supported by paper, stand alone) were prepared by heating the PU dispersion
in Teflon holders up to 130°C for 6 hours. The dried films were then characterized by
thermogravimatric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (OSC), dynamic
mechanical analysis (OMA) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).
MVTR-analysis showed that the phosphated PU coatings had a minimum MVTR-value at 0%
grafting, and that its overall MVTR-values were much lower than that of the non-phosphated
PU coatings. SEM-analysis showed that the phosphated PU coatings had no pinholes at a
maximum of 8% grafting, while the non-phosphated PU coatings showed pinholes at all
levels of grafting. OMA-analysis showed that the phosphated PU samples had higher Tg's (Tg
onset between O-S°C)than that of the non-phosphated PU samples (Tgonset below -SO°C).<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: POLI-URETAAN DISPERSIES VIR PAPIER BEDEKKINGS
Waterige poli-uretaan (PU) dispersies is gesintetiseer vir gebruik as papierbedekkings.
Hierdie poli-uretane het 'n poliester poli-ol sagte segment (60-70% inhoud) en 'n uretaan
harde segment (30-40% inhoud) bevat. Die poli-uretane is met vier verskillende ent-middels
geêent. Trietielamien (TEA) is as neutraliseermiddel gebruik. Die poli-ester poli-ot segment
het bestaan uit: neopentielglikol (NPG), adipiensuur, 1,4-sikloheksaandikarboksielssuur (1,4-
SHDKS) en 2-fosfonobutaan-1 ,2,4-trikarboksielssuur (FSTKS). Die uretaan harde segment
het bestaan uit: hidrogeneerde 4,4-difenielmetaandiisosianaat, dimetielpropioonsuur
(DMPS), 3-hidroksipivaalsuur (HPS) en hidroksietileenmetakrilaat (HEMA).
Laurielmetakrilaat (LMA), n-butielmetakrilaat (n-SMA), metielmetakrilaat (MMA) en stireen is
as entmiddels gebruik.
Twee verskillende poli-ester polihidroksie verbindings is gesintetiseer: een met 10% fosfaat
en een met geen fosfaat, en gekarakteriseer in terme van hulle suurwaardes,
hidroksiwaardes en molekulêre massas. Die PUs wat vanaf die fosfaat-bevattende poli-ol
gesintetiseer is, is met LMA geêent, terwyl die fosfaat-bevattende PUs met al vier entmiddels
geêent is. Papier (Eng. paperboard) is met hierdie dispersies bedek en by 100°C gedroog.
Die PU-bedekte papier is gekarakteriseer in terme van vogdeurlaatbaarheidstransmissie
(Eng: MVTR - the moisture vapour transmission rate), en skandeerelektonmikroskopie
(SEM).
PU-films wat nie deur papier gestut is nie is ook voorberei deur die verhitting van die PU
dispersies in Teflon houers (130°C, 6 ure). Die droë films is daarna gekarakteriseer deur
middel van termogravimetriese analise (TGA), differensiêle skandeerkalorimetrie (DSC),
dinamiese meganiese analise (OMA) en Fourier-transformasie infrarooispektroskopie (FTIR).
Resultate van MVTR analises het getoon dat die fosfaat-bevattende PU bedekkings 'n
mimimum MVTR-waarde by 0% enting gehad het, en dat die totale MVTR waardes baie laer
was as die van die nie-fosfaatbevattende bedekkings. SEM het gewys dat die fosfaat-PU
bedekkings by 8% enting geen mikrogaatjies (Eng. pinholes) gehad net nie, terwyl die PU
bedekings met geen fosfaat mikrogaatjies (Eng. pinholes) by alle vlakke van enting gehad
het. OMA analises het getoon dat die monsters van die fosfaatbevattende PU hoër Tg
waardes gehad het (Tg begin tussen 0 en 5 "C) as die nie-fosfaatbevattende PU monsters
(Tg begin onder -50°C).
4
Dahlvik, Peter. "Thermal thickening of paper coatings /." Åbo : Åbo akademi university, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40124278h.
Full text
5
Dimetry, Basant Galal. "The Relationship between Rheology, Application Method, and Final Coating Structure." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2001. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/DimetryBG2001.pdf.
Full text
6
Kjellgren, Henrik. "Influence of paper properties and polymer coatings on barrier properties of greaseproof paper." Doctoral thesis, Karlstad : Faculty of Technology and Science, Chemical Engineering, Karlstads universitet, 2007. http://www.diva-portal.org/kau/abstract.xsql?dbid=1238.
Full text
7
Kriel, Carmen Cornelia. "Gel-particles for ink-jet paper coating applications." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49970.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: An unsaturated, linear, aliphatic polyamide was synthesized from 1,6-hexanediamine and
fumaric acid by means of a phosphorylation polycondensation reaction, and successfully
crosslinked with a vinyl monomer during an inverse suspension polymerization reaction.
The two vinyl monomers that were used were 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and
4-vinyl pyridine. The linear polyamide was characterized by means of nuclear magnetic
resonance (NMR) and electrospray mass spectrometry (ESMS), while the crosslinked
product was characterized by light scattering and scanning electron microscopy (SEM),
as well as cryo-SEM. The average particle diameters of the crosslinked product were
found to be in the range of 100 to 300 nm.
One of the synthesized crosslinked products was used in coating formulations on starchcoated
paper. The paper samples were evaluated and compared on the basis of printing
quality, colour density and colour uniformity of a printed image, as well as the wet-rub
resistance of the coating. A formulation containing 0,1% of the HEMA crosslinked
polyamide product was found to give the best performance of the printed image in terms
of printing quality, colour density and colour uniformity. Wet-rub resistance was found
to improve with increasing concentration of the crosslinked polyamide product.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: 'n Onversadigde, lineêre, alifatiese poli-amied is berei vanaf die monomere 1,6-
heksaandiamien en fumaarsuur deur middel van 'n fosforilasie-polikondensasie reaksie,
waarna die produk suksesvol gekruisbind is tydens 'n inverse-suspensie polimerisasiereaksie.
Twee vinielmonomere, naamlik 2-hidroksi-etiel-metakrilaat (HEMA) en 4-
viniel-piridien, is gebruik. Die lineêre poli-amied is deur middel van kern magnetiese
resonansie (KMR) en elektronsproei-massaspektrornetrie (ESMS) gekarakteriseer, en die
kruisgebinde produk deur middel van ligverstrooing, skandeer-elektronrnikroskopie
(SEM), en lae-temperatuur SEM. Daar is bevind dat die gemiddelde partikeldeursneë
van die kruisgebinde produk tussen 100 en 300 nm was.
Een van die bereide, kruisgebinde produkte (wat met HEMA kruisgebind is) is gebruik in
bedekkingsformules op stysel-bedekte papier. Die papiermonsters is ge-evalueer en
vergelyk ten opsigte van drukkwaliteit en die diepte en egaligheid van die kleur van 'n
gedrukte beeld, asook die natskuurweerstand van die deklaag. Daar is bevind dat 'n
formulering wat 0.1% van die kruisgebinde poli-amied produk bevat die beste vertoning
lewer in terme van drukkwaliteit, kleur diepte en egaligheid van kleur. Daar is verder
bevind dat die natskuurweerstand van die deklaag verbeter het wanneer die konsentrasie
van die kruisgebinde poli-amied produk in die formulering verhoog is.
8
Bitla, Shivashanker. "Application of Raman Techniques for Paper Coatings." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2002. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/BitlaS2002.pdf.
Full text
9
Rioux, Robert A. "Mechanical Testing of Coated Paper Systems." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2008. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/RiouxRA2008.pdf.
Full text
10
Tinney, Brooke Merrill. "The effects of deinking on the coating compounds used on carbonless business forms /." Online version of thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11285.
Full text
11
Ho, Jimmy Jeng-Rung. "A study of how coated paper's roughness, gloss and absorptivity affect on SID and print gloss /." Online version of thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/10970.
Full text
12
Tefft, John. "The Study of Coating and Ink Penetration into Coating Structures Using a Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2007. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/TefftJ2007.pdf.
Full text
13
Shin, Jae Young. "The Leveling of Coating Layers." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2004. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/ShinJY2004.pdf.
Full text
14
Yang, Hongta. "Fundamentals, preparation, and characterization of superhydrophobic wood fiber products." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24796.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M. S.)--Chemical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.<br>Committee Chair: Yulin Deng; Committee Member: Jeffery S. Hsieh; Committee Member: Sujit Banerjee; Committee Member: Zhong Lin Wang.
15
Ragnarsson, Micael. "Variations Related to Print Mottle in Starch-Containing Paper Coatings." Doctoral thesis, Karlstads universitet, Avdelningen för kemiteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-14409.
Full textAbstract:
Starch in paper coatings is known to increase the risk of print mottle in lithographic offset printing. The objective of this study was to increase the understanding of this behaviour. Four phenomena that could lead to print mottle, where the presence of starch might be important, have been identified: uneven binder migration, uneven coating mass distribution, uneven deformation during calendering and differential shrinkage. The latter three were investigated in this project. Starch-containing coating colours often have high water retention. A relationship between the water retention of the coating colours and the distribution of coating thickness was found in a pilot trial. A theory is proposed, where the surface profile of the base paper beneath the blade, that governs the coat weight distribution in blade coating, is affected by moisture from the dewatering coating colours and the compressive force exerted by the blade. Drying strategies were studied to see whether they would induce porosity variations in the coating layers. There is a strong connection between the rate of evaporation and the shrinkage of the coating layer, but no porosity variations due to the choice of drying strategy were found. Shrinkage is governed by the capillary forces. At the same capillary pressure, the coating shrinks more for some binder systems, which is suggested to be due to a weaker chemical interaction between the binder and the pigment. Oxidized starch/latex coatings, stained with a fluorescent marker, had a greater standard deviation in fluorescence intensity than CMC/latex coatings caused by a difference in either porosity or latex distribution. It was shown that calendering introduces porosity variations into the coating layer that are larger for starch-containing coatings. The drying strategies appeared to have a significant effect on these porosity variations and they correlated positively with print mottle in some cases and in another case negatively. In the case of the negatively correlated, the mottle was probably caused by variations in surface porosity existing prior to the calendering.
16
Clark, Aaron W. "Gloss Development of Spray-coated Systems." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2004. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/ClarkAW2004.pdf.
Full text
17
Seboa, Sharrief. "Synthesis and characterization of tailored polyurethane coatings." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1197.
Full text
18
Chen, Qingyuan. "An experimental study of air entrainment in a blade coating system with a pressurised pond applicator." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5807.
Full text
19
Jeon, Sung Jai. "Mechanisms of Print Gloss Development with Controlled Coating Structure." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2002. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/JeonSJ2002.pdf.
Full text
20
Ercan, Saybil Nuray. "The influence of process parameters on filament size distribution." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2001. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/ErcanSN2001.pdf.
Full text
21
Mazzupappa, Ross Joseph. "A process overview of faux-to-gravure and paper films for photolithography." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1690.
Full textAbstract:
Tradition begins with innovation. The rich and complicated history of Printmaking is shaped by invention and discovery. I see this advancement for the sole purpose to distribute knowledge and ideas to every person regardless of prosperity and status. At its core intention is the need to make art and knowledge accessible. The procedural research I have been exploring along side my artist research was designed to do just as invention in printmaking has done before. I have applied my knowledge and availability of modern technology with traditional ways print artists create. These new processes are geared to make photomechanical practices in lithography and intaglio cheaper and more accessible to artists and students with limited resources. I have also included a statement about the artwork that has been able to be developed because of this research to provide context for my artistic practice.
22
Suffield, Sarah Rose. "Modeling the flow of a liquid droplet diffusing into various porous media for inkjet printing applications." Online access for everyone, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2008/s_suffield_041808.pdf.
Full text
23
Olsson, Robert. "Some aspects on flexographic ink-paper and paperboard coating interaction." Doctoral thesis, Karlstad : Faculty of Technology and Science, Chemical Engineering, Karlstad University, 2007. http://www.diva-portal.org/kau/abstract.xsql?dbid=1218.
Full text
24
Skillington, Pauline. "Migration of chemicals through coated paperboard for food contact packaging." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/752.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology: Chemistry in the Faculty of Applied Sciences at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology<br>Paperboard made from recycled fibres is being used more frequently in direct food packaging applications, in addition to its use as secondary and tertiary packaging. However, recent research has shown that there is a risk that harmful chemicals may migrate from the paperboard into the food. The simplest approach to reducing the migration of these contaminants is the use of barrier films. The barrier efficiencies of these various films can be examined by means of a migration test into a food simulant, followed by extraction in a suitable solvent. The extract can then be analysed by chromatographic techniques such as gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to determine the concentration of the specific contaminants. However on a production level, the availability of this type of highly specialised equipment is limited. A simple, cost effective method is needed to evaluate the barrier properties to specific chemical contaminants. The Heptane Vapour Transmission Rate (HVTR) test is a permeation test method for use at quality control level to determine barrier properties to the migration of organic vapours.
The first part of the study focussed on establishing a universal correlation between HVTR and specific migration of diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) that would be applicable to any type of functional barrier. However, experimental data demonstrated this was not possible as the correlation factor linking HVTR to specific migration was largely dependent on the type and morphology of the coating considered. The initial objective of the study was reconsidered in favour of building individual models specific to the nature of the coating and substrate considered. A correlation between HVTR and specific migration of DiBP, DBP and DEHP for a polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) barrier polymer was constructed by varying the applied coating weight. The vapour transport mechanism for the HVTR test and the specific migration test were found to differ, showing that a direct correlation between HVTR and the specific migration was again not possible. However, an indirect correlation could be made. The HVTR method gives an indication of film integrity, whereas the coating weight could be used as an indicator of the specific migration. The correlation between the coating weight and the specific migration yielded an equation that can be used to calculate the specific migration through the PVDC barrier polymer, provided the quantity of the chemical contaminant originally present in the paperboard was known. This equation was specific to the type of barrier polymer, the specific chemical contaminant as well as the intended shelf-life of the food product to be packaged in the paperboard.
25
Laudone, Giuliano Maurizio. "Environmentally friendly technology : the behaviour of natural and synthetic binder systems within paper coatings." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2377.
Full textAbstract:
Coating shrinkage upon drying is a phenomenon well known to the paper coating industry, where it often causes changes in the final structure of the coating layer leading to poor results in terms of gloss, light scattering, surface strength, coverage, uniformity and printability. Such shrinkage has in previous studies been wrongly associated with shrinkage of the polymeric binders used in the coating formulation, by making erroneous comparison with solvent-based paint systems. Natural binders, as starch or proteins, which come from renewable resources and are therefore environmentally friendly, suffer more from this shrinkage phenomenon than synthetic binders. The aim of this research project was to improve the understanding of the processes involved in the drying of a coating layer and to create a model able to describe them. Shrinkage while the coating layer dries has been successfully measured by observing the deflection of coated strips of a synthetic elastically-deformable substrate. Ground calcium carbonate was used as the coating pigment, together with latex binders of both low and high glass transition temperature, Tg, respectively, and also with starch which is a natural film-forming water soluble binder. The final dry coatings were studied with mercury porosimetry and by scanning electron microscopy in order to characterise their porous structure. The flow and rheological properties of the coating colour formulations were measured in order to probe the particle-particle interaction between the different species in the wet coating colour. The void space of the dry coating layers was modelled using Pore-Cor, a software which generates simulated porous networks. A new algorithm was developed to model, within the simulated void space, the effective particles or "skeletal elements" representative of the solid phase of the dried porous system. The water-filled porous structures at the beginning of the shrinkage process (first critical concentration, FCC) were subsequently modelled by creating Pore-Cor structures with the same solid skeletal elements distribution as at the second critical concentration (at which the particles lock their positions), but with higher given porosity to account for the water present The capillary forces acting on the surface of the simulated coating were calculated, and found to be several orders of magnitude larger than the measured shrinkage forces. The shrinkage process was thus described as resulting from the effect of capillary forces in the plane of the coating layer resisted by a stick-slip process, where the capillary forces yield shrinkage only if a resistance force within the drying coating layer holds the structure in place and allows the menisci to form. The stick-slip theory was strongly supported by quantitative comparisons between the experimental forces required to intrude mercury, and the capillary forces within the simulated void structure.
26
Prall, Katharina. "The Viscoelastic Behavior of Pigmented Latex Coating Films." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2000. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/PrallK2000.pdf.
Full text
27
Kettle, John. "Investigation and computer modelling of the pore structure of paper and of consolidated pigment coatings." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2470.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this project was to enhance the current state of knowledge of the void structure of paper, and pigments used to coat paper. The porosities and pore size distributions of consolidated pigments were measured using mercury porosimetry. Prior to this work, mercury porosimetry was rarely used in this field due to problems associated with the conventional interpretation of mercury porosimetry data. These problems were examined and two limitations of mercury porosimetry were addressed. Firstly, the shrinkage of compressible samples causes an apparent increase in void volume and secondly, large void spaces shielded by smaller ones are not intruded until anomalously high applied pressures of mercury are reached. The first limitation was overcome by means of a new correction procedure which, uniquely, also allows the measurement of the bulk modulus of the continuous solid phase of a porous sample. Shielding effects have been taken into account by means of a software package known as Pore-Cor, which generates a three dimensional structure which has both a mercury intrusion curve and porosity in close agreement with experiment. It has also been possible to calculate the permeabilities and tortuosity of the simulated structure and this provides realistic and useful values, which may not be measured experimentally. Mercury porosimetry and a range of specialised absorption techniques, including liquid porosimetry, were used to characterise the porous structures of a highly filled paper which had been calendered using a range of different conditions. A unique feature of this work is that for the first time it has been shown that two porosimetric techniques which measure overlapping pore size distributions may be combined to give a better indication of the total pore size distribution.
28
Aman, Zaeem. "Efficiency of Fluorescent Whitening Agents in Pigment Coatings." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för teknik- och naturvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-14976.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this work was to study the addition of fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs) for efficient use on pigment coating of paper substrates with low grammage and the goal was to achieve high optical response by using low amount of FWAs. A commercial light-weight coated (LWC) paper grade was provided by Stora Enso Corbehem Mill and isotropic laboratory sheets were produced at Stora Enso Research Centre using PFI sheet former. Optical properties such as brightness, whiteness and L, a* and b* colour space values were evaluated using Minolta spectrophotometer with D65 illuminant for both types of substrate using different types and amounts of FWA while the effect of the addition of dye was evaluated in both isotropic sheets and as well as in the coating. The results showed that brightness and whiteness of double-coated paper increased by increasing the amount of fluorescent whitening agent in the coating layer. Also, higher brightness and whiteness was achieved by introducing a higher amount of fluorescent whitening agent in the top coating rather than in a pre-coating. The addition of a shading colorant in the paper substrate had a positive influence not only on the brightness but also on the whiteness of coated paper.<br>Syftet med denna studie var att studera tillsatsen av fluorescerande vitmedel (FWA) för att effektivisera användningen i pigmentbestrykning av papper med låg ytvikt. Målet var att nå en hög optisk respons men ändå använda en låg mängd FWA. Ett kommersiellt LWC-papper erhölls från Stora Enso, Corbehems pappersbruk, och isotropa laboratorieark tillverkades med PFI-arkformerare på Stora Enso Research Centre. Optiska egenskaper, såsom ljushet, vithet och färgrymd (L, a* och b* värden), hos samtliga prover med varierande mängd och typ av FWA uppmättes med hjälp av en Minolta spektrofotometer med D65 ljuskälla. Effekten av färgnyanstillsats utvärderades både hos handgjorda ark och hos bestrykningslager. Resultaten visade att både ljushet och vithet hos dubbelbestrukna ark ökade med ökad mängd FWA i bestrykningslagren. Högre ljushet och vithet nåddes också när FWA placerades i toppbestrykningen. Tillsats av nyanseringsfärg i papperssubstratet ökade både ljushet och vithet hos de bestrukna arken.
29
Taparelli, Jesus Roberto. "Modificação quimica do amido de mandioca e estudo de sua aplicação em revestimento couche." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/266135.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Lucia Helena Innocentini Mei<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T05:33:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Taparelli_JesusRoberto_M.pdf: 3122835 bytes, checksum: 2a962c8596eae20801290e744716b2cf (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2005<br>Resumo: Neste presente trabalho, foi estudada a grafitização de N-metilol acrilamida em amido de mandioca nativo, em meio aquoso, com proporções de 20, 30 e 40% em relação ao peso de amido, tendo como objetivo avaliar a aplicação técnica do produto resultante em formulações de tintas de revestimentos couché, aplicado sobre uma superficie de papel cartão. Estes novos polímeros, bem como o amido de mandioca e o amido de milho nativo, foram caracterizados por: (i) Análise Dinâmico-Mecânica (DMA), onde se conseguiu verificar moderadas modificações nas transições térmicas; (ii) Espectroscopia na região do Infravermelho(FT_IR); (iii) Microscopia Ótica (MO) e (iv) Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV), onde percebeu-se mudanças morfológicas nos grânulos de amido modificado, que se apresentaram maiores que os do amido nativo. Para uma análise do comportamento destes polímeros em formulações de tintas de revestimentos couché, foi utilizado como referência padrão o látex de estireno-butadieno carboxilado, atualmente utilizado na indústria de papel, como ligante (ou resina) principal. Nas tintas de revestimentos couché desta tese, foram analisadas as aplicações feitas em papel cartão revestido, onde se utilizou para teste de imprimibilidade as seguintes análises: Pick teste seco; Pick teste úmido; alvura; teste de absorção superficial - K & N; brilho de impressão; rugosidade e absorção de óleo. Um bom revestimento deverá apresentar uma boa adesão à superficie do papel, evitando seu arrancamento do mesmo. Dos testes de arrancamento, todas as amostras dos revestimentos feitos com amido de mandioca, modificados com Nmetilol acrilamida, apresentaram excelentes resultados<br>Abstract: In this work, it was studied the graftization of native tapioca starch with of Nmethylol acrylamide (NMA) in aqueous media, at several proportions (20, 30 e 40%) relative to the starch weight, with the aim to evaluate the technical application of the product obtained in inks formulations used for finishing covering, applied over paper-card surfaces. The NMA and the native starch, as well as the starch derivatives, were characterized by: (i) Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA), which showed mild modifications in the thermal transitions; (ii) lnfrared Spectroscopy (F_TIR); (iii) Oplical Microscopy (OM) and (iv) Electron Scanning Microscopy (SEM) which revealed morphological changes in the starch grains, being the modified starch grains bigger than those native. To analyze the behavior of these polymers in formulations of inks, used for finishing covering (known as couché paper card), it was utilized latex of styrene-butadiene - carboxylate as reference, current1yused as binder in the paper industry. For the paper card with the finishing covering it was utilized tests of printability as: dry pick test; wet pick test; whiteness; K and N test; shine of impression; roughness and oil absorption. In the printing process, the graphic ink used presents tacking that is responsible for a perpendicular force to the surface of the paper, which is able to peel its covering. The peeling tests done with the formulations modified with modified tapioca starch with Nmethylol acrylamide (NMA) presented very promising results<br>Mestrado<br>Ciencia e Tecnologia de Materiais<br>Mestre em Engenharia Química
30
Brown, Robert W. "Development of a Novel Grease Resistant Functional Coatings for Paper-based Packaging and Assessment of Application by Flexographic Press." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4554/.
Full textAbstract:
Recent commercial developments have created a need for alternative materials and methods for imparting oil/grease resistance to paper and/or paperboard used in packaging. The performance of a novel grease resistant functional coating comprised of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), sodium tetraborate pentahydrate (borate) and acetonedicarboxylic acid (ACDA) and the application of said coating by means of flexographic press is presented herein. Application criteria is developed, testing procedures described, and performance assessment of the developed coating materials are made. SEM images along with contact angle data suggest that coating performance is probably attributable to decreased mean pore size in conjunction with a slightly increased surface contact angle facilitated by crosslinking of PVA molecules by both borate ions and ACDA.
31
Michel-Sanchez, Enrique. "Impact of Particle Morphology on the Rheology of PCC-Based Coatings." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7114.
Full textAbstract:
The impact of particle size, size distribution, and particle shape on the rheology of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) based coatings was studied. Evaluating the interactions between different particle sizes and shapes leads to a better understanding of the packing fraction of PCC. HIgh packing fraction is desirable because of the positive impact on the fluidity of suspensions. Suspension with higher levels of fluidity can potentially load larger amounts of solids while keeping low viscosities. High solids suspensions are key factors to improve the efficiency of coating processes. To address this issue, PCC of different sizes and shapes where mixed in different ratiosto find mixtures with higher packing fractions that could result in coatings with lower viscosities. When coatings containing 90% of large particles and 10% by weight of small particles of different shape, viscosity decreases by 50% for one combination. The effect is caused by the higher packing fraction achieved. Future research is also described here.
32
Bunker, Daniel Thomas. "The Influence of drying rate on the pore volume distribution of clay coatings." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5783.
Full text
33
Särnholm, Evelina. "Analyzing components of barrier coatings in different fractions during a repulping process." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-93414.
Full textAbstract:
During paper manufacturing, coating and adhesives are added to paper and cardboard to improve quality and durability. When the paper is later recycled or becoming new paper, the coatings may pollute the water used in the recycling process. Thus, it is important to know in which fraction these coatings finish during the process. In this study, laboratory made samples that mimic the repulping and paper making process is used. The different fractions of the processes were analyzed for a clay as well as a polymer coating. Metal content from clay coating is analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and microwave plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. For analyzing polymer coating, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used. From the result of the analysis the Reject sample, which was collected with a bigger mesh sieve in a repulping system, contained the highest amount of both clay and polymer coating. The other sample fractions from the repulping process and paper making process, did not contain as high mass content of either clay nor polymer coating.
34
Nygårds, Sofie. "Nanocellulose in pigment coatings : Aspects of barrier properties and printability in offset." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-69080.
Full textAbstract:
Papers are coated in order to improve the properties of the surface, to improve printability and to include new functionalities like barriers properties. Typical coating formulation contains a high number of components, some are made from minerals and others are manufactured from petroleum. The barrier properties of today's paper based packages are plastics and/or aluminum foil. Environmentally friendly substitutie of these nonrenewable materials are needed. Nanocellulose is a promising material and of a growing interest as an alternative to petroleum-based materials, since nanocellulose films/coatings have been shown to have excellent mechanical and barrier properties. This project aimed to evaluate nanocellulose in combination with minerals in paper coatings. The project had two approaches. One was to evaluate the barrier properties of MFC coatings with mineral included. The second part was about coatings for printing matters, and evaluation of the possibility to replace petroleum-based binders in the coating color with MFC. Barrier properties were evaluated by measuring the air permeability of the coatings. The properties of the coating affecting the printability in offset printing examined was the surface energy, the gloss, the roughness of the coatings, the strength and the offset ink setting. Carboxymethylated nanocellulose formed denser films and had superior barrier properties compared with enzymatically pretreated nanocellulose. Adding of minerals did not affect the barrier properties of the MFC coatings to a significant extent. Therefore, minerals cannot be added to enhance the barrier but it can be added to reduce the cost of the coating process without losing any barrier properties. The print quality depends on how the ink interacts with the coating. These coatings did have a relatively high surface energy, which is preferable for printing with waterborne ink. It was also shown that the absorption abilities increased when the amount of MFC was increased. However, offset printing demands high surface strength and addition of MFC in the coating color drastically decreased the strength. This means that the coatings produced in this work are not strong enough and thereby not suitable for offset printing. However other printing technologies put lower demand on surface strength and are still possible.
35
Bodurtha, Paul. "Novel techniques for investigating the permeation properties of environmentally-friendly paper coatings : the influence of structural anisotropy on fluid permeation in porous media." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2049.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, we have investigated the effects of structural anisotropy of porous media on the permeation of fluids. The motivation for the work was an increased understanding of the permeation of inks into paper coatings, which often contain platey or needle-like particles, which have been aligned during the coating process. However, the findings are also relevant to other systems, such as the sub-terranean migration of fluids, including pollutants, within shale that contains particles of high aspect ratio. Mineral pigments, comprising mainly of calcium carbonate or clay, are often are applied to the surface of paper to improve optical and printing properties. For a high quality image to be achieved, the coating should have sufficient capillarity to allow the ink film to set within the time-scale of a modern printing press. The permeation of fluids into a range of different coating formulations has been investigated, with its main focus on the following samples: Speswhite and Amazon90 SD, which belong to the Kaolin (day) mineral group, and OpacarbA40 and Albaglos, which belong to the Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) mineral group. The permeation was measured by five different techniques, including a novel use of the Ink Surface Interaction Tester. The results were modelled using a modified version of the software package ‘Pore-Cor’, which simulated both permeability and capillary absorption of a wetting liquid into porous media containing anisotropic voids, and allowed the effects of anisotropy to be isolated from other closely related pore properties. The model generated a simplified three-dimensional void network having pores with a rectangular cross-section and throats with an elliptic cross-section. From visual inspection of the modelled structures, the effect of anisotropy revealed advance wetting in the narrow features of Speswhite-CL and OpacarbA40-CL. Overall, to gain a clear understanding of the permeation of anisotropic structures both inertia and surface throat density is needed to be included in the Pore-Cor model. Once these factors were applied to the model, it was able to predict the permeation of fluids more successfully than those predicted by the Kozeny and aligned cylinders models. The insights gained from this study have allowed conclusions to be drawn about the nature of fluid permeation; they have therefore opened the way to more sophisticated modelling and the engineering of high performance coating structures.
36
Riedel, Andreas. "Predicting catastrophic failure in barrier coated packaging board and paper after creasing and folding : Proposing a methodology to predict barrier failure after creasing and folding." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Avdelningen för kemiteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-66182.
Full textAbstract:
Different methods to predict barrier failure in packaging board or paper after converting were investigated. The approach was to compare substrates before and after creasing/folding by applying different barrier tests and to propose a methodology to predict failure in the barrier layer. Different coatings were used to develop and verify the methodology; a hemicellulose based dispersion barrier coating, a dispersion coated PVOH coating and an extrusion coated PE. Creasing was performed according to standard procedure using recommended creasing geometries. Folding of paper was performed by a gentle creasing with a board backing followed by folding the paper between two metal plates with a well defined distance. The first step in the evaluation was to visually inspect creased/folded substrates by light microscopy to search for coating failures in form of cracks. Both good and bad samples were then tested for grease resistance with a standard test, i.e. TAPPI 454. The TAPPI 454 test showed to be effective to expose barrier failure since oil would penetrate quite fast through the creasing line of cracked samples. Even some samples that appeared to have no cracks in the light microscope showed failure with the grease test. The results showed that only the PE coated samples could sustain a barrier after creasing and folding. This was probably due to a high ductility of the PE-coating combined with a high thickness. The water vapour transmission rate, WVTR, of the samples that passed the TAPPI 454 test was then measured on the samples that endured the grease resistance test. Since PE is a good water vapour barrier, WVTR-measurements were proper for detecting barrier defects. The VWTR of the creased/folded samples was slightly higher for the creased samples than the un-creased references despite the absence of cracks. This was probably due to that the barrier layer got thinner as a result of the strains applied on the coating during the creasing/folding operation. A methodology to predict barrier failure in barrier coated packaging board and paper after creasing and folding was proposed. Well defined creasing and folding geometries were used in combination with screening for cracks in the barrier layer, first by visual inspection in light microscopy and then by a standard grease resistance test. The samples that passed then screening tests could then be analyzed using more exact but also more time consuming methods such as WVTR.<br>Olika metoder att förutspå skador i barriärskikt på kartong eller papper efter konvertering undersöktes. Tillvägagångssättet var att jämföra substrat före och efter bigning och vikning genom att tillämpa olika barriärtest och att föreslå en metod för att förutspå defekter i barriärlager. Olika barriärmaterial användes för att utveckla och bekräfta metoden: en hemicellulosa baserad dispersionsbestrykning, en dispersionsbestrykt PVOH barriär och en extruderad PE barriär. Bigandet utfördes enligt standard proceduren och rekomenderade biggeometrier användes. Vikningen av papret utfördes genom varsam bigning med kartong som stöd följt av vikning av pappret genom två metallplattor med ett bestämt avstånd. Utvärderingen började med visuell inspektion av bigade/vikta substrat i ljusmikroskop för att finna barriärdefekter i form av sprickor. Både bra och dåliga prover testades sedan för fettbeständighet med hjälp av ett standardtest, dvs TAPPI 454. TAPPI 454 testet visades sig att vara ett effektivt sätt att identifiera barriärdefekter på grund av att penetration av olja vid biglinjen skedde snabbt på de prov som uppvisade sprickor. Även några av de prov som ej uppvisade sprickor i ljusmikroskop klarade inte av fettbeständighetstest. Resultatet visade att det enda material som kunde bibehålla barriäregenskaper efter bigning och vikning var de PE belagda proven. Detta är antagligen tack vare PE-bestrykningens höga duktulitet och tjocklek. Vattenångspermeabiliteten, WVTR, uppmättes på de prov som uthärdade fettbeständighetstestet. Eftersom PE är en utmärkt vattenångbarriär, var WVTR-mätningar lämpliga för att upptäcka barriärfel. WVTR resultaten för de bigade/vikta proven visade ett något högre värde än de obigade referenserna även om de inte hade sprickor. Det något högre WVTR värdet beror antagligen på att barriärskiktet blev tunnare på grund av töjningen i barriärskiktet under big/vikningen. En metod för att förutspå skador i barriärbestrykt kartong och papper efter bigning och vikning föreslogs. Definierade big- och vikgeometrier användes i kombination av screening av sprickor i barriärskikten, först genom visuell inspektion i ljusmikroskop och sedan ett standarderiserat fettbeständighetstest. Proven som passerar screeningen kan sedan bli analyserade för mer exakta och tidskrävande metoder som WVTR.
37
Veverka, Peter John. "An investigation of interfacial instability during air entrainment." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5800.
Full text
38
Toy, Randy Scott. "CORRELATIONS." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd_retro/7.
Full textAbstract:
I explore visual and process-based systems to solidify the allusive nature of conceptual ideas. Impermanence, time and interdependence are reoccurring themes that stem from an interest in Eastern philosophy. Oscillating from representation to abstract minimalism, printmaking to sculpture, each element in a work is tailored to the concept. The minimalist appearance suggests simplicity, however elaborate planning and systematic execution are at the heart of my practice. Systems create great constraint, yet provide great freedom.
39
Öhlund, Thomas. "Metal Films for Printed Electronics : Ink-substrate Interactions and Sintering." Doctoral thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för naturvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-23420.
Full textAbstract:
A new manufacturing paradigm may lower the cost and environmental impact of existing products, as well as enable completely new products. Large scale, roll-to-roll manufacturing of flexible electronics and other functionality has great potential. However, a commercial breakthrough depends on a lower consumption of materials and energy compared with competing alternatives, and that sufficiently high performance and reliability of the products can be maintained. The substrate constitutes a large part of the product, and therefore its cost and environmental sustainability are important. Electrically conducting thin films are required in many functional devices and applications. In demanding applications, metal films offer the highest conductivity. In this thesis, paper substrates of various type and construction were characterized, and the characteristics were related to the performance of inkjet-printed metal patterns. Fast absorption of the ink carrier was beneficial for well-defined pattern geometry, as well as high conductivity. Surface roughness with topography variations of sufficiently large amplitude and frequency, was detrimental to the pattern definition and conductivity. Porosity was another important factor, where the characteristic pore size was much more important than the total pore volume. Apparent surface energy was important for non-absorbing substrates, but of limited importance for coatings with a high absorption rate. Applying thin polymer–based coatings on flexible non-porous films to provide a mechanism for ink solvent removal, improved the pattern definition significantly. Inkjet-printing of a ZnO-dispersion on uncoated paper provided a thin spot-coating, allowing conductivity of silver nanoparticle films. Conductive nanoparticle films could not form directly on the uncoated paper. The resulting performance of printed metal patterns was highly dependent on a well adapted sintering methodology. Several sintering methods were examined in this thesis, including conventional oven sintering, electrical sintering, microwave sintering, chemical sintering and intense pulsed light sintering. Specially designed coated papers with modified chemical and physical properties, were utilized for chemical low-temperature sintering of silver nanoparticle inks. For intense pulsed light sintering and material conversion of patterns, custom equipment was designed and built. Using the equipment, inkjet-printed copper oxide patterns were processed into highly conducting copper patterns. Custom-designed papers with mesoporous coatings and porous precoatings improved the reliablility and performance of the reduction and sintering process. The thesis aims to clarify how ink-substrate interactions and sintering methodology affect the performance and reliability of inkjet-printed nanoparticle patterns on flexible substrates. This improves the selection, adaptation, design and manufacturing of suitable substrates for inkjet-printed high conductivity patterns, such as circuit boards or RFID antennas.
40
Zevenbergen, Jill. "Like Alike." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1803.
Full textAbstract:
Like Alike explores notions of pleasure and beauty through an examination of mundane activity. Pleasure is simple, uncomplicated niceness. Pleasure is forgettable and related to the norm. Beauty is complicated and hardly predicted. Finding beauty in the banal provides an escape from mundane life. The banal, then becomes unforgettable. The nondescript, everyday experience becomes important and gains meaning. Like Alike's electronic format is adapted from the original format of an artist book.
41
Le, Goué Erwan. "Utilisation de composés biosourcés pour la conception de papiers à haute résistance à l'eau et à propriétés antifongiques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0156.
Full textAbstract:
Ce travail de thèse a été conduit dans le but d’élaborer des papiers résistants à l’eau liquide et ayant des propriétés antifongiques, ce par utilisation de composés biosourcés. Deux approches ont été proposées : soit une modification en surface par enduction, soit une modification des fibres de cellulose. Dans le cas de la modification en surface, deux formulations d’enductions ont été étudiées. La première, composée de chitosane et de carbonate de calcium précipité (PCC) modifié, a été utilisée pour limiter le développement de moisissures et améliorer la résistance des papiers à l’eau. La formulation incorporant 20 % de PCC modifié a montré un retard de croissance significatif de la souche fongique sélectionnée en tant que souche cible. La seconde formulation, destinée à améliorer la résistance à l’eau des papiers, par enduction d'un latex prévulcanisé d’hévéa, a montré de très bons résultats, conduisant à une réduction de près de 95 % de l’absorption d’eau liquide. Toutefois, une perte d’opacité des papiers a été observée après pénétration de l’eau dans le matériau. Par conséquent, une seconde approche a été proposée, basée sur la modification physico-chimique des fibres de cellulose. Un procédé d’hybridation a été utilisé, permettant l’adsorption d’acide stéarique sur le PCC synthétisé in situ à la surface des fibres de cellulose. Un compromis entre la rétention des charges, la résistance à l’eau et les propriétés mécaniques a pu être proposé. Après détermination des conditions optimales de mise à l’échelle industrielle du procédé d’hybridation, un essai industriel a pu être réalisé et a conduit à des résultats prometteurs<br>The present work investigates the creation of water-resistant and antifungal papers by using biobased compounds. Two approaches were developed: A surface modification by coating or a cellulose fibre modification. For the coating approach, two formulations were studied. The first one, consisting in chitosan and modified precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) was mainly used to limit the development of molds while improving paper water resistance. The formulation incorporating 20 % of modified PCC showed a significant increase of the lag phase of the target fungal strain. The second coating formulation, especially designed to improve papers water resistance by a coating layer of prevulcanized natural rubber latex, showed very positive results, leading to 95 % reduction of liquid water absorption but with a negative impact on the material opacity after water penetration. As a consequence, physico-chemical modification of cellulose fibre was investigated in a second approach. An hybridization process was used, leading to stearic acid adsorption on in situ PCC synthesized at the surface of cellulosic fibres. A compromise between fillers retention, water resistance and mechanical properties was found. After determination of optimal conditions carried out to an industrial scale up, an industrial pilot was performed and gave promising results
42
Bitla, Shivashanker 1979. "Application of Raman techniques for paper coatings /." 2002. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/theses.asp?Cmd=abstract&ID=CHE2002-003.
Full text
43
Nunnari, Steven Joseph. "High speed micro-compression testing of paper coatings." 2007. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=958084&T=F.
Full text
44
Wei-ShuanLi and 李維璿. "Fabrication of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (µPADs) by filtration-assisted lithography (FilL)." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8r8qgd.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>化學工程學系<br>104<br>In this study, we have proposed and demonstrated a relatively simple and fast technique, i.e. filtration-assisted lithography (FilL) to fabricate paper-based microfluidic devices. The filter paper was first patterned with the tape, followed by dispensing polymer solution on top of the paper and turning on vacuum pump. It was found that the polymer was retained inside the filter paper at the designated locations to form the barrier, i.e. the channel wall. The minimum channel width is approximately 1000 m. When using 22 wt% polymethylmethacrylate solution with 120,000 molecular weight, the paper-based microfluidic devices can be fabricated in approximately 1 min.
45
Prall, Katharina Maria. "The viscoelastic behavior of pigmented latex coating films /." 2000. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/theses.asp?Cmd=abstract&ID=CHE2000-001.
Full text
46
Giri, Manish Unertl W. N. Bousfield Douglas W. Caccese Vincent Co Albert Triantafillopoulos Nick. "Influence of viscoelasticity on the nano-micromechanical behavior of latex films and pigmented coatings /." 2001. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/theses.asp?Cmd=abstract&ID=MARC2075.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.) in Chemical Engineering--University of Maine, 2001.<br>Includes vita. Advisory Committee: William N. Unertl, Prof. of Physics, Co-Advisor; Douglas W. Bousfield, Prof. of Chemical Engineering, Co-Advisor; Vincent Caccese, Prof. of Mechanical Engineering; Albert Co, Prof. of Chemical Engineering; Nick Triantafillopoulos, Adjunct Prof. of Chemical Engineering, OMNOVA Solutions. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 149-157).
47
Azadi, Manzour Pooya. "Modeling of mechanical and thermal responses of paper coatings under compression using discrete element method." 2007. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=788875&T=F.
Full text
48
Calkins, Celeste M. "Green printing technologies vs. traditional printing technologies in sheet-fed offset lithography : an experiment in quality." 2010. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1604323.
Full textAbstract:
This experimental study compares green printing technologies (ink and stock) to traditional printing technologies (ink and stock) regarding how they compare in quality. The quality was measured using the print characteristics of gray balance and dot gain. A comparison of the two independent variables (ink and stock) was conducted to determine if a difference exists for the selected characteristics. It has been suggested that the green technologies, despite being more environmentally friendly, are not as high in quality and therefore result in a lower quality printed piece. This research used a four-color test form that was printed using both the green and traditional technologies. The characteristics were measured using an X-rite 528 spectrodensitometer, after which the data were analyzed and conclusions reported. The results of the study suggest that there is no practical significance between the different inks and stocks employed in this study. It was determined however that the best print quality in terms of dot gain (meaning the least amount of dot gain) resulted from the combination of green technologies (ink and paper).<br>Department of Technology