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Journal articles on the topic 'Paper preferences'
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Guan, Zhengfei, and Feng Wu. "Modeling heterogeneous risk preferences." Agricultural Finance Review 77, no. 2 (2017): 324–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/afr-03-2015-0016.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a general framework for modeling heterogeneous risk preferences of agricultural producers and identifying the underlying factors that affect risk preferences. Design/methodology/approach This paper nests the risk preference function in a general production decision framework to test and model producers’ risk preferences. The framework allows for both production and price risk, and accommodates potential inefficient behavior. Panel data and the GMM method are used in the empirical estimation. Findings The results in this study confirmed the hypothesis of heterogeneous risk preferences. Farmers are found to have decreasing absolute risk aversion. Both farmer characteristics and socioeconomic factors have significant impact on producers’ risk preferences. The results suggest that ignoring heterogeneity in risk preferences across individuals and how non-wealth variables could affect farmers’ risk preferences could result in biased economic behavior analysis. Originality/value It is generally assumed in the literature that risk preferences are homogeneous among farmers at given wealth. This is a strong assumption and there are abundant evidences that suggest otherwise. This paper makes contributions to the literature by proposing an approach to modeling heterogeneous risk preferences and identifying the factors that affect preferences.
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Fitzsimmons, Zack, and Martin Lackner. "Incomplete Preferences in Single-Peaked Electorates." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 67 (April 13, 2020): 797–833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.1.11577.
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Incomplete preferences are likely to arise in real-world preference aggregation scenarios. This paper deals with determining whether an incomplete preference profile is single-peaked. This is valuable information since many intractable voting problems become tractable given singlepeaked preferences. We prove that the problem of recognizing single-peakedness is NP-complete for incomplete profiles consisting of partial orders. Despite this intractability result, we find several polynomial-time algorithms for reasonably restricted settings. In particular, we give polynomial-time recognition algorithms for weak orders, which can be viewed as preferences with indifference.
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de Boer, Jelle. "A STRAWSON–LEWIS DEFENCE OF SOCIAL PREFERENCES." Economics and Philosophy 28, no. 3 (2012): 291–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266267112000259.
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This paper examines a special kind of social preference, namely a preference to do one's part in a mixed-motive setting because the other party expects one to do so. I understand this expectation-based preference as a basic reactive attitude (Strawson 1974). Given this, and the fact that expectations in these circumstances are likely to be based on other people's preferences, I argue that in cooperation a special kind of equilibrium ensues, which I call a loop, with people's preferences and expectations mutually cross-referring. As with a Lewis-norm, the loop can get started in a variety of ways. It is self-sustaining in the sense that people with social preferences have sufficient reason not to deviate.
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Delsing, Marc J. M. H., Tom F. M. ter Bogt, Rutger C. M. E. Engels, and Wim H. J. Meeus. "Adolescents' music preferences and personality characteristics." European Journal of Personality 22, no. 2 (2008): 109–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.665.
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The present paper examined the structure of Dutch adolescents' music preferences, the stability of music preferences and the relations between Big‐Five personality characteristics and (changes in) music preferences. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of music‐preference data from 2334 adolescents aged 12–19 revealed four clearly interpretable music‐preference dimensions: Rock, Elite, Urban and Pop/Dance. One thousand and forty‐four randomly selected adolescents from the original sample filled out questionnaires on music preferences and personality at three follow‐up measurements. In addition to being relatively stable over 1, 2 and 3‐year intervals, music preferences were found to be consistently related to personality characteristics, generally confirming prior research in the United States. Personality characteristics were also found to predict changes in music preferences over a 3‐year interval. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Martins, Paulo, Paula Rodrigues, Carlos Martins, et al. "Preference between Individual Products and Bundles: Effects of Complementary, Price, and Discount Level in Portugal." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, no. 5 (2021): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14050192.
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This paper aims to (1) compare consumers’ preferences between individual products and bundles as well as (2) investigate some of the factors involved in bundle characteristics that may affect consumer’s preferences. Those factors are complementarity, price level, and discount level. An online survey developed by means of questionnaires were collected from the Portuguese population. Student’s t-tests were used to test the hypothesis formulated and to analyze the consumers’ preferences. The findings corroborate that in a scenario where the bundle does not offer any discounts, preference of individual products is higher. When a 20% discount is assigned to bundles, the overall preference for individual products is still superior. By offering a discount level of 45%, the overall preference for bundles becomes higher. The positive effect of complementarity bundles valuation is confirmed. This is the first approach to evaluate the preferences between bundles and individual products in the Portuguese market. The findings contribute to clarify the customer map within a Business Model Canvas. Furthermore, this paper analyzes the bundle complementarity and discount level effects simultaneously.
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Blasco, Xavier, Gilberto Reynoso-Meza, Enrique A. Sánchez-Pérez, Juan Vicente Sánchez-Pérez, and Natalia Jonard-Pérez. "A Simple Proposal for Including Designer Preferences in Multi-Objective Optimization Problems." Mathematics 9, no. 9 (2021): 991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9090991.
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Including designer preferences in every phase of the resolution of a multi-objective optimization problem is a fundamental issue to achieve a good quality in the final solution. To consider preferences, the proposal of this paper is based on the definition of what we call a preference basis that shows the preferred optimization directions in the objective space. Associated to this preference basis a new basis in the objective space—dominance basis—is computed. With this new basis the meaning of dominance is reinterpreted to include the designer’s preferences. In this paper, we show the effect of changing the geometric properties of the underlying structure of the Euclidean objective space by including preferences. This way of incorporating preferences is very simple and can be used in two ways: by redefining the optimization problem and/or in the decision-making phase. The approach can be used with any multi-objective optimization algorithm. An advantage of including preferences in the optimization process is that the solutions obtained are focused on the region of interest to the designer and the number of solutions is reduced, which facilitates the interpretation and analysis of the results. The article shows an example of the use of the preference basis and its associated dominance basis in the reformulation of the optimization problem, as well as in the decision-making phase.
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Ahmad, Jaleel. "Diversion et création d’échanges commerciaux dans le cadre du système canadien de préférences tarifaires." Articles 55, no. 1 (2009): 68–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/800814ar.
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This paper explores in quantitative terms the potential effects on trade flows as a result of Canadian tariff preferences in favor of the developing countries instituted in 1974. The paper develops a model of trade creation and trade diversion due to preferences based on imperfect substitution, within each product category, between preference-granting, preference-receiving and non-preferred countries. This model depart from the usual assumption of the customs union theory that countries trade in perfect substitutes. The model is then applied to the 1978 trade date under BTN chapters 25 - 99 on a 4-digit classification. One major conclusion of the paper is that the assumption of perfect substitution tends to overstate the magnitude of trade creation and trade diversion, while the method based on less than perfect substitutability seems to offer more realistic estimates of the actual impact of trade preferences.
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Ross, J., E. Holzbaur, M. Wade, and T. Rothrock. "Patient Preferences: Pro Mixed Modes – Epro Versus Paper." Value in Health 17, no. 7 (2014): A515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.1592.
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Nielsen, Kirby. "Dynamic risk preferences under realized and paper outcomes." Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 161 (May 2019): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2019.03.016.
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Hayo, Bernd, and Florian Neumeier. "Public Preferences for Government Spending Priorities: Survey Evidence from Germany." German Economic Review 20, no. 4 (2019): e1-e37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/geer.12149.
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Abstract Employing data from a representative survey conducted in Germany, this paper examines public preferences for the size and composition of government expenditure. We focus on public attitudes towards taxes, public debt incurrence and public spending in six different policy areas. Our findings suggest, first, that individual preferences for the use of additional tax money can be categorised as either capital-oriented expenditure or public debt reduction. Second, we find that fiscal preferences differ along various dimensions. Specifically, personal economic well-being, economic literacy, confidence in politicians, political ideology and time preference are significantly related to individual attitudes towards public spending, taxes and debt. The magnitude of the effects is particularly large for time preference, economic knowledge and party preference. Third, public preferences for public spending priorities are only marginally affected when considering a public budget constraint.
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Zhou, Yinglian, and Jifeng Chen. "Time Series Geographic Social Network Dynamic Preference Group Query." International Journal of Information Systems in the Service Sector 13, no. 4 (2021): 18–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijisss.2021100102.
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Driven by experience and social impact of the new life, user preferences continue to change over time. In order to make up for the shortcomings of existing geographic social network models that often cannot obtain user dynamic preferences, a time-series geographic social network model was constructed to detect user dynamic preferences, a dynamic preference value model was built for user dynamic preference evaluation, and a dynamic preferences group query (DPG) was proposed in this paper . In order to optimize the efficiency of the DPG query algorithm, the UTC-tree index user timing check-in record is designed. UTC-tree avoids traversing all user check-in records in the query, accelerating user dynamic preference evaluation. Finally, the DPG query algorithm is used to implement a well-interacted DPG query system. Through a large number of comparative experiments, the validity of UTC-tree and the scalability of DPG query are verified.
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Baucells, Manel, and Lin Zhao. "Everything in Moderation: Foundations and Applications of the Satiation Model." Management Science 66, no. 12 (2020): 5701–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2019.3505.
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Models in which current utility depends solely on current consumption (a.k.a. time-separable preferences) are widely acknowledged to be unrealistic, especially when attempting to describe preferences over consumption rates. Alternatively, one may stipulate that instant utility also depends on a state, for example, some stock of past consumption. Escaping the gravitational pull of time separability, however, is difficult because (1) the behavioral axioms that characterize the state and the instant utility are not known, (2) how to elicit the preference parameters—most notably the initial level of the state and the decay rate—is not known, and (3) managerial applications where state-dependent preferences produce interesting insights and solutions are scarce. This paper makes advances on these three fronts by proposing a novel set of axioms that characterize the satiation model, a proof of concept on how to elicit all preference parameters using consumption rates, and a mixed-integer linear formulation to solve the optimal design of experiential services under satiation. Our preferences introduce a de-satiation motive, absent in separable preferences, and we explore how to optimally manage this motive. This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, decision analysis.
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Tullous, Raydel, and Richard Lee Utecht. "A Decision Support System For Integration Of Vendor Selection Task." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 10, no. 1 (2011): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v10i1.5974.
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<span>The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the usefulness of a particular decision support system, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), for developing and implementing integrated procurement systems. The purchasing decision support system (PDSS) proposed in this paper provides each participant involved in the purchasing process with a procedure to communicate their preferences and the reasons for those preferences. All of the participants preferences may be aggregated to determine an overall preference, or in some cases, the results may simply be used to gain a better understanding of the values the individual place on various attributes.</span>
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Schellekens, M. P. G., and H. J. P. Timmermans. "A Conjoint-Based Simulation Model of Housing-Market Clearing Processes: Theory and Illustration." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 29, no. 10 (1997): 1831–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a291831.
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Conjoint models of housing preferences typically derive preference functions from consumer responses to profiles of housing attributes generated experimentally. It is not readily evident how such housing preferences can be used to simulate actual housing choice. In this paper we provide conceptual considerations to link conjoint preferences to actual behaviour and discuss the principles of a simulation model. We illustrate the approach using as our example the effects of a rental subsidy on potential mobility.
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Baier, Jorge A,, and Sheila A. McIlraith. "Planning with Preferences." AI Magazine 29, no. 4 (2008): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v29i4.2204.
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Automated Planning is an old area of AI that focuses on the development of techniques for finding a plan that achieves a given goal from a given set of initial states as quickly as possible. In most real-world applications, users of planning systems have preferences over the multitude of plans that achieve a given goal. These preferences allow to distinguish plans that are more desirable from those that are less desirable. Planning systems should therefore be able to construct high-quality plans, or at the very least they should be able to build plans that have a reasonably good quality given the resources available.In the last few years we have seen a significant amount of research that has focused on developing rich and compelling languages for expressing preferences over plans. On the other hand, we have seen the development of planning techniques that aim at finding high-quality plans quickly, exploiting some of the ideas developed for classical planning. In this paper we review the latest developments in automated preference-based planning. We also review various approaches for preference representation, and the main practical approaches developed so far.
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Eeckhoudt, Louis, and Harris Schlesinger. "Putting Risk in Its Proper Place." American Economic Review 96, no. 1 (2006): 280–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/000282806776157777.
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This paper examines preferences toward particular classes of lottery pairs. We show how such concepts as prudence and temperance can be fully characterized by a preference relation over these lotteries. If preferences are defined in an expectedutility framework with differentiable utility, the direction of preference for a particular class of lottery pairs is equivalent to signing the nth derivative of the utility function. What makes our characterization appealing is its simplicity, which seems particularly amenable to experimentation.
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Hahn, Volker. "Transparency of Central Bank Preferences." German Economic Review 10, no. 1 (2009): 32–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0475.2008.00440.x.
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Abstract In this paper, we examine whether the transparency of the central bank’s preferences is desirable. We make two major points. First, in the literature on preference transparency variance-reduction frameworks are often adopted. As a consequence a change in the degree of transparency affects the magnitude of information asymmetries, but at the same time it implies a rather arbitrary effect on the distribution of preferences. We present a clean framework without this problem. Second, using a very general specification of shocks to the central bank’s preferences, we show that society prefers transparency if it sufficiently values the employment target, whereas it prefers opacity if it estimates inflation as sufficiently important.
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Chen, Yu-ke, Yan Zou, and Zhe Chen. "Preference Integration and Optimization of Multistage Weighted Voting System Based on Ordinal Preference." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/186545.
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Multistage voting is a common voting form through which the winners are selected. By virtue of weighted multistage voting rules, in this paper, we establish a weighted voting model by analyzing the correlation between individual preference and group preference. The weights of voters in each voting stage are adjusted through preference deviation degrees between individual preferences and group preference, and the ranking among candidates in each stage is determined according to weighted Borda function value. Examples are given to verify our model, which shows that weighted information aggregation model can mine more useful information from different individual preferences of voters to quicken the aggregation of group preference.
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Bender, William N. "Inferred Brain Hemispheric Preference and Behavior of Learning Disabled Students." Perceptual and Motor Skills 64, no. 2 (1987): 521–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1987.64.2.521.
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Correlations between teachers' ratings of behavior and a paper-and-pencil score for brain hemispheric preferences were generated for 38 learning disabled and 38 nonlearning disabled children in Grades 3 to 6, to identify previously described relationships for nonhandicapped children. Also, the children were compared on scores for brain hemispheric preference. Only one correlation between the teachers' ratings of behavior and hemispheric preference was noted for each group. Also, F tests indicated no difference in hemispheric preferences between the groups.
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Fu, Yelin, Ming Wang, and Kin Keung Lai. "A Modified Nature Publishing Index via Shannon Entropy." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/640924.
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This paper develops a Shannon Entropy approach based only on the number of papers published to propose scientific institution rankings. A simple and efficient approach with weight restrictions is employed to derive the score under specific preferences. The importance degrees for each preference are determined using the concept of Shannon Entropy. Finally, a weighted linear combination of different lexicographic preferences with subjective perceptions between the corrected count and the number of articles criteria is proposed. An application to Asia-Pacific ranking of the Nature Publishing Index is to illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.
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Liu, Chun-Wen, and Chao Deng. "Stated preferences of Taiwanese investors for financial products." Qualitative Research in Financial Markets 11, no. 4 (2019): 411–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qrfm-06-2018-0079.
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Purpose The popularity of wealth management in Taiwan has unleashed tense competition among financial advisors. Consumers are now more conscious of their financial services purchasing behavior. This paper aims to provide insights into local-specific investors’ characteristics and consumers’ financial product preferences and to introduce a different concept to identify localization-suitable products. Design/methodology/approach To understand customers’ preferred products, the paper examines consumers’ financial behavior by analyzing preference characteristics using data collected from Taiwanese investors. The study entailed a questionnaire designed for consumers using the stated preferences method and the multinomial and nested logit models to develop preference models for consumers’ financial products. A statistical test using the t-value, likelihood and ρ2 to observe investor preference product reactions was also used. Findings The study finds that investors are sensitive to the rate of return on investments and performance changes in foreign currency, stock and mutual funds. An elasticity analysis and prediction of the market share among interactive products show that stock and mutual funds are strongly related and the rate of return on stock undoubtedly influences the market. Originality/value The stated preference method and inclusion of risk appetite improve our understanding of consumer choice and investors’ financial product preferences and characteristics. The results provide suitable localization product suggestions for financial institutions to help them understand their customers’ behaviors better. This paper’s results are also useful in the context of smart financial services such as financial robot technology.
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Alphonce, Roselyne, Anna Temu, and Valerie Lengard Almli. "European consumer preference for African dried fruits." British Food Journal 117, no. 7 (2015): 1886–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-10-2014-0342.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess European consumer preference and willingness to pay (WTP) for tropical dried fruits from Africa. The paper specifically investigates sensory and credence characteristics driving consumer preferences. Design/methodology/approach – Data on sensory descriptive analysis and hedonic evaluation for seven samples representing three fruit types: mango, pineapple and banana, were collected together with data on Country of Origin (COO) preferences and WTP for conventional, organic and fair-trade labelled dried fruits, among Norwegian consumers (n=96). Findings – The results show that consumer preferences for a dried fruit are affected significantly by its typical aroma intensity and consumers are willing to pay a premium for both organic and fair-trade products. Two consumer groups expressing distinct COO preferences for tropical dried fruits and a third group with no country preferences are revealed. Originality/value – This study provides useful insights for dried fruit producers and market strategists in tropical countries attempting to position value-added products for maximum revenue.
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Kazanci, Zekeriya. "University Students’ Preferences of Reading from a Printed Paper or a Digital Screen ― A Longitudinal Study." International Journal of Culture and History (EJournal) 1, no. 1 (2015): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijch.2015.1.1.009.
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Fischer, Carolyn. "Read this paper later: procrastination with time-consistent preferences." Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 46, no. 3 (2001): 249–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2681(01)00160-3.
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AGO, Akio, Tatuo GONDA, Mayumi TAKECHI, Takashi TAKEUCHI, and Kohei KAWAKAMI. "Preferences for Paper Bedding Material of the Laboratory Mice." Experimental Animals 51, no. 2 (2002): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1538/expanim.51.157.
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Li, Yi, Ronghui Wang, Guofang Nan, Dahui Li, and Minqiang Li. "A personalized paper recommendation method considering diverse user preferences." Decision Support Systems 146 (July 2021): 113546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2021.113546.
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Kulok, Michael, and Kemper Lewis. "A Method to Ensure Preference Consistency in Multi-Attribute Selection Decisions." Journal of Mechanical Design 129, no. 10 (2006): 1002–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2761921.
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A number of approaches for multi-attribute selection decisions exist, each with certain advantages and disadvantages. One method that has recently been developed, called the hypothetical equivalents and inequivalents method (HEIM) supports a decision maker (DM) by implicitly determining the importances a DM places on attributes using a series of simple preference statements. In this and other multi-attribute selection methods, establishing consistent preferences is critical in order for a DM to be confident in his/her decision and its validity. In this paper, a general preference consistency method is developed, which is used to ensure that a consistent preference structure exists for a given DM. The method is demonstrated as part of HEIM, but is generalizable to any cardinal or ordinal preference structure, where the preferences can be over alternatives or attributes. These structures play an important role in making selection decisions in engineering design including selecting design concepts, materials, manufacturing processes, and configurations, among others. The theoretical foundations of the method are developed and the need for consistent preferences is illustrated in the application to a drill selection case study where the decision maker expresses inconsistent preferences.
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Laing, Kathryn, Peter Adam Thwaites, and John Paul Gosling. "Rank Pruning for Dominance Queries in CP-Nets." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 64 (January 22, 2019): 55–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.1.11323.
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 Conditional preference networks (CP-nets) are a graphical representation of a person’s (conditional) preferences over a set of discrete features. In this paper, we introduce a novel method of quantifying preference for any given outcome based on a CP-net representation of a user’s preferences. We demonstrate that these values are useful for reasoning about user preferences. In particular, they allow us to order (any subset of) the possible outcomes in accordance with the user’s preferences. Further, these values can be used to improve the efficiency of outcome dominance testing. That is, given a pair of outcomes, we can determine which the user prefers more efficiently. Through experimental results, we show that this method is more effective than existing techniques for improving dominance testing efficiency. We show that the above results also hold for CP-nets that express indifference between variable values.
 
 
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Zhao, Meng, Song-song Qin, Qi-wang Li, Fu-qiang Lu, and Zhe Shen. "The Likelihood Ranking Methods for Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Sets Considering Risk Preferences." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/680635.
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This paper proposes a ranking method that considers the risk preferences of decision makers for multiple-attribute decision-making problems in a multiple-interval type-2 trapezoidal fuzzy set environment. First, decision makers are classified according to the risk preferences and a measurement method of risk preferences is proposed. Second, a risk preference decision matrix is obtained and a new calculation formula of likelihood is defined. Finally, we obtain the ranking results of alternatives by calculating the signed distance. Our example analysis shows that the proposed method is scientific and reasonable, and different risk preferences influence the results of decision making. Comparison with previous methods shows that the proposed algorithm is more feasible; it is applicable for decision making on both risk preferences and risk conservation.
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YÁÑEZ, J., J. MONTERO, and D. GÓMEZ. "AN ALGORITHMIC APPROACH TO PREFERENCE REPRESENTATION." International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 16, supp02 (2008): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218488508005455.
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In a previous paper, the authors proposed an alternative approach to classical dimension theory, based upon a general representation of strict preferences not being restricted to partial order sets. Without any relevant restriction, the proposed approach was conceived as a potential powerful tool for decision making problems where basic information has been modeled by means of valued binary preference relations. In fact, assuming that each decision maker is able to consistently manage intensity values for preferences is a strong assumption even when there are few alternatives being involved (if the number of alternatives is large, the same criticism applies to crisp preferences). Any representation tool, as the one proposed by the authors, will in principle play a key role in order to help decision makers to understand their preference structure. In this paper we introduce an alternative approach in order to avoid certain complexity issues of the initial proposal, allowing a close representation easier to be obtained in practice.
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Koubaa, Rania, Eya Ben Ahmed, and Faiez Gargouri. "Towards an Intelligent OLAP System Facing Sparse Problems." International Journal of Web Portals 6, no. 4 (2014): 41–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijwp.2014100103.
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Exploring intelligent data stored in data warehouses may efficiently assist the knowledge-seeker in his decision process. Such traced information related to performed analysis by decision-makers on data warehouses are stored in OLAP log files. These files contain useful knowledge about the analysts' preferences. Sometimes, some formulated queries provide no results. Such a dilemma is known as the sparsity problem. In this paper, to overcome this limitation in user-centric data warehouses, the authors focus on a specific class of preferences, namely the conflicting preferences. Indeed, a conflicting preference describes a low frequency preference stored in OLAP log files, so that it is considered as tailored to given analysts. Such preferences are characterized by their rarity. To deal with this issue, the authors introduce a new approach to discover these preferences through mining of rare association rules using a new introduced method for generating the N highest confidence rare association rules. The derived rare preferences will be used to reformulate the launched query avoiding an empty result. The carried out experiments on their built online recruitment data warehouse point out the efficiency of their approach.
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Boutilier, C., R. I. Brafman, C. Domshlak, H. H. Hoos, and D. Poole. "CP-nets: A Tool for Representing and Reasoning withConditional Ceteris Paribus Preference Statements." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 21 (February 1, 2004): 135–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.1234.
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Information about user preferences plays a key role in automated decision making. In many domains it is desirable to assess such preferences in a qualitative rather than quantitative way. In this paper, we propose a qualitative graphical representation of preferences that reflects conditional dependence and independence of preference statements under a ceteris paribus (all else being equal) interpretation. Such a representation is often compact and arguably quite natural in many circumstances. We provide a formal semantics for this model, and describe how the structure of the network can be exploited in several inference tasks, such as determining whether one outcome dominates (is preferred to) another, ordering a set outcomes according to the preference relation, and constructing the best outcome subject to available evidence.
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Słomska-Przech, Katarzyna, and Izabela Małgorzata Gołębiowska. "Falling into a digital world: how are paper and interactive maps used by digital natives and immigrants?" Geografie 125, no. 4 (2020): 447–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie2020125040447.
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Interactive maps are increasingly popular and have spread into everyday life. However, the pace of implementation of interactive maps may differ within different age groups. In order to adjust maps to user expectations and preferences, it is necessary to study disparities in attitude towards different types of maps in groups of various users. The aims of the study are to find out if the approach to maps of different media varies among age groups, and whether the frequency of use of interactive maps and their functions decreases with the age of users. A survey focusing on habits and preferences towards digital and paper maps was conducted among 80 users aged 20–72. Results suggest that the polarization of answers is lower than suggested by the Prensky theory of digital immigrants and natives: people of all ages who were tested have a lot in common in terms of interactive map use. Nonetheless, the youngest group has a strong preference for interactive maps.
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Koedoot, C. G., J. C. J. M. de Haes, S. H. Heisterkamp, P. J. M. Bakker, A. de Graeff, and R. J. de Haan. "Palliative Chemotherapy or Watchful Waiting? A Vignettes Study Among Oncologists." Journal of Clinical Oncology 20, no. 17 (2002): 3658–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2002.12.012.
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PURPOSE: To determine the preferences of oncologists for palliative chemotherapy or watchful waiting and the factors considered important to that preference. METHODS: Sixteen vignettes (paper case descriptions), varying on eight patient and treatment characteristics, were designed to assess the oncologists’ preferences. Their strength of preference was rated on a 7-point scale. An orthogonal main effects design provided a subset of all possible combinations of the characteristics, allowing estimations of the relative weights of the presented characteristics. A written questionnaire was sent to a random sample of oncologists (N = 1,235). RESULTS: The response rate was 67%, and 697 questionnaires were available for analysis. Eighty-one percent of the respondents were male. The mean age was 46 years. We found considerable variation among the oncologists. No major associations between physician characteristics and preferences were found. Of the patient and treatment characteristics affecting treatment preference, age was the strongest predictor, followed by the patient’s wish to be treated and the expected survival gain. Other patient and treatment characteristics had a limited effect on preferences, except for psychologic distress, which had no independent impact. CONCLUSION: Patients will encounter different decisions depending on their oncologists’ preferences and their own personal background. Therefore, to ensure adequate information for decision-making processes, decision aids are proposed.
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TAPIA GARCÍA, J. M., M. J. DEL MORAL, M. A. MARTÍNEZ, and E. HERRERA-VIEDMA. "A CONSENSUS MODEL FOR GROUP DECISION-MAKING PROBLEMS WITH INTERVAL FUZZY PREFERENCE RELATIONS." International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 11, no. 04 (2012): 709–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219622012500174.
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Interval fuzzy preference relations can be useful to express decision makers' preferences in group decision-making problems. Usually, we apply a selection process and a consensus process to solve a group decision situation. In this paper, we present a consensus model for group decision-making problems with interval fuzzy preference relations. This model is based on two consensus criteria, a consensus measure and a proximity measure, and also on the concept of coincidence among preferences. We compute both consensus criteria in the three representation levels of a preference relation and design an automatic feedback mechanism to guide experts in the consensus reaching process. We show an application example in social work.
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Wang, Jin, and Richard Y. K. Fung. "Dynamic appointment scheduling with patient preferences and choices." Industrial Management & Data Systems 115, no. 4 (2015): 700–717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-12-2014-0372.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to maximize the expected revenue of the outpatient department considering patient preferences and choices. Design/methodology/approach – Patient preference refers to the preferred physician and time slot that patients hold before asking for appointments. Patient choice is the appointment decision the patient made after receiving a set of options from the scheduler. The relationship between patient choices and preferences is explored. A dynamic programming (DP) model is formulated to optimize appointment scheduling with patient preferences and choices. The DP model is transformed to an equivalent linear programming (LP) model. A decomposition method is proposed to eliminate the number of variables. A column generation algorithm is used to resolve computation problem of the resulting LP model. Findings – Numerical studies show the benefit of multiple options provided, and that the proposed algorithm is efficient and accurate. The effects of the booking horizon and arrival rates are studies. A policy about how to make use of the information of patient preferences is compared to other naive polices. Experiments show that more revenue can be expected if patient preferences and choices are considered. Originality/value – This paper proposes a framework for appointment scheduling problem in outpatient departments. It is concluded that more revenue can be achieved if more choices are provided for patients to choose from and patient preferences are considered. Additionally, an appointment decision can be made timely after receiving patient preference information. Therefore, the proposed model and policies are convenient tools applicable to an outpatient department.
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Meier, Stephan, and Charles Sprenger. "Present-Biased Preferences and Credit Card Borrowing." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 2, no. 1 (2010): 193–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.2.1.193.
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Some individuals borrow extensively on their credit cards. This paper tests whether present-biased time preferences correlate with credit card borrowing. In a field study, we elicit individual time preferences with incentivized choice experiments, and match resulting time preference measures to individual credit reports and annual tax returns. The results indicate that present-biased individuals are more likely to have credit card debt, and to have significantly higher amounts of credit card debt, controlling for disposable income, other socio-demographics, and credit constraints. (JEL D12, D14, D91)
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Zhao, Taiyang, Wei Song, Xiaotong Jin, Hongjing Cui, and Yang Li. "Hedonism or self-growth? The influence of perceived control on individual product preferences for individuals under self-threat." Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics 32, no. 6 (2019): 1343–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/apjml-02-2019-0072.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the influence of perceived control on product preferences of consumers under self-threat. Design/methodology/approach By conducting four experiments, this paper manipulated the participants’ self-threat and three sources of perceived control – namely, the controllability of the threat itself, the internal and external locus of control of the individual and priming the existing positive or negative experience of the individuals. After the manipulations, the participants’ product preferences for self-growth goods or hedonic goods were measured. Findings The findings of this research indicated that when consumers have a higher perceived control of the threats they are facing, they are more likely to adopt problem-focused coping strategies and show a preference for self-growth goods, which can help them resolve their threats. However, when consumers have a lower perceived control on the threats they are facing, they are more likely to adopt emotion-focused coping strategies and show a preference for hedonic goods, which can help them adjust their emotions. Originality/value This paper systematically confirms the interactive effect of perceived control and self-threat on consumers’ product preferences, as well as the meditation role of problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping. It also provides insights for marketers to know what factors may affect consumers’ preferences for products in self-threat situations, thus contributing to marketing practices.
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Nunes, Ingrid, Simon Miles, Michael Luck, and Carlos J. P. Lucena. "An introduction to reasoning over qualitative multi-attribute preferences." Knowledge Engineering Review 30, no. 3 (2015): 342–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269888915000016.
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AbstractResearch on preferences has significantly increased in recent years, as it involves not only many subproblems to be investigated, such as elicitation, representation, and reasoning, but has also been the target of different research areas, for example, artificial intelligence and databases. In particular, much work has focused on qualitative preferences, because these are closer to the way people express their preferences in comparison with quantitative preferences. Against this background, a large number of approaches have been proposed, associated with heterogeneous areas, so that these approaches are usually just compared with those of the same area. In response, we present in this paper a survey of approaches toqualitative multi-attribute preference reasoning, covering different research areas. We introduce selected approaches that propose different techniques and algorithms, which take as input qualitative multi-attribute preference statements following a particular structure specified by the approach. We analyse each approach in a systematic way and discuss their commonalities and limitations.
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Perez-Villafuerte, Mercedes, Laura Cruz-Reyes, Nelson Rangel-Valdez, Claudia Gomez-Santillan, and Héctor Fraire-Huacuja. "Effect of the Profile of the Decision Maker in the Search for Solutions in the Decision-Making Process." Mathematical and Computational Applications 26, no. 2 (2021): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mca26020028.
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Many real-world optimization problems involving several conflicting objective functions frequently appear in current scenarios and it is expected they will remain present in the future. However, approaches combining multi-objective optimization with the incorporation of the decision maker’s (DM’s) preferences through multi-criteria ordinal classification are still scarce. In addition, preferences are rarely associated with a DM’s characteristics; the preference selection is arbitrary. This paper proposes a new hybrid multi-objective optimization algorithm called P-HMCSGA (preference hybrid multi-criteria sorting genetic algorithm) that allows the DM’s preferences to be incorporated in the optimization process’ early phases and updated into the search process. P-HMCSGA incorporates preferences using a multi-criteria ordinal classification to distinguish solutions as good and bad; its parameters are determined with a preference disaggregation method. The main feature of P-HMCSGA is the new method proposed to associate preferences with the characterization profile of a DM and its integration with ordinal classification. This increases the selective pressure towards the desired region of interest more in agreement with the DM’s preferences specified in realistic profiles. The method is illustrated by solving real-size multi-objective PPPs (project portfolio problem). The experimentation aims to answer three questions: (i) To what extent does allowing the DM to express their preferences through a characterization profile impact the quality of the solution obtained in the optimization? (ii) How sensible is the proposal to different profiles? (iii) How much does the level of robustness of a profile impact the quality of final solutions (this question is related with the knowledge level that a DM has about his/her preferences)? Concluding, the proposal fulfills several desirable characteristics of a preferences incorporation method concerning these questions.
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Zinas, Bako Zachariah, and Mahmud Mohd Jusan. "Choice Behaviour of Housing Attributes: Theory and measurement." Asian Journal of Environment-Behaviour Studies 2, no. 2 (2017): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/aje-bs.v2i2.175.
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 Preferences and choices in a society are constant dynamic operations, made based on the behavioural dynamism of people. In this cosmic dynamism, they keep shifting from one stage to another, within the same cosmic space. Housing preferences and choices, like any other life interests, therefore operate within this framework. Unlike merchandised products brands, housing brands are hardly known, probably because of the heterogeneous nature of the housing product - the house. However, very little is known about the relevant housing attributes (refer to page 7). Housing preferences and choices operate within the framework of preferences and choices for housing attributes. In any preference and choice activity, there are underlying motivations that make it possible for an individual to choose from available alternatives within a given product field. This paper examines and outlines the methodological and theoretical framework of housing preferences and choices, based on the theory of means-end chain (MEC). Previous MEC applications in the field of architecture and urban design have been very useful and successful. The paper attempts to explore from literature the possibility of extending the previous methods and their applicability in design process. In dealing with user preference for housing, there is a need for research for a development of a technological tool to identify user needs and preference, and the kind of decision support that is required to identify these needs.
 Keywords: housing preference and choice, means-end chain, laddering technique, models.
 © 2017 The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, UniversitiTeknologi MARA, Malaysia.
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HANK, KARSTEN. "PARENTAL GENDER PREFERENCES AND REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOUR: A REVIEW OF THE RECENT LITERATURE." Journal of Biosocial Science 39, no. 5 (2006): 759–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932006001787.
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SummaryThis paper reviews various theoretical approaches towards an explanation of parental gender preferences and empirical findings from developing as well as from industrialized countries, focusing on the role of gender preferences in reproductive decisions. Although various attempts have been made to shed light on the mechanisms underlying the observed patterns of sex preferences for children, a fully satisfying theoretical explanation is still not at hand. Empirically, a distinct and stable preference for at least one child of each sex can be observed as a common pattern of parental sex preferences across many different social, economic and cultural contexts. Further – and ideally multidisciplinary – research that helps to improve our understanding of this phenomenon is highly desirable.
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Hunter, Gary L., and Steven A. Taylor. "The relationship between preference for privacy and social media usage." Journal of Consumer Marketing 37, no. 1 (2019): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-11-2018-2927.
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Purpose This paper aims to investigate whether preferences for certain types of privacy predict the frequency and duration of social media usage as well as the moderating role of gender on these relationships. Design/methodology/approach An e-mail-based survey among the faculty, staff and students of a medium-sized mid-western university is used to gather data regarding preferences for privacy and social media usage. Using 530 respondents, structural equation modeling explores the relationship between the various privacy types, gender and social media usage. Findings Evidence supports a relationship between four types of privacy preferences and social media usage. A positive relationship exists between frequency of social media usage and a preference for not neighboring. Duration of social media usage shows a negative relationship with preferences for seclusion and reserve, and surprisingly, a positive relationship with a preference for anonymity. Gender moderates the relationship between preference for privacy and social media usage, offering evidence that intimacy, seclusion and reserve predict social media usage for males, while not neighboring and anonymity predict usage for females. Originality/value The study extends the privacy literature through investigating differential impacts of privacy preferences. The marketing literature examines privacy as a general concept, without allowing for differences in consumers' preferences for types of privacy. Additionally, the study shows that gender moderates the relationship between preferences for privacy and social media usage. A second contribution is investigating the relevance of a scale, developed in an age without social media, to an era permeated in social media.
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Chu, Xiaoquan, Yue Li, Yimeng Xie, Dong Tian, and Weisong Mu. "Regional difference analyzing and prediction model building for Chinese wine consumers’ sensory preference." British Food Journal 122, no. 8 (2019): 2587–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-06-2019-0465.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide further insight into Chinese wine consumers’ preference, grasp the regional sensory preference differences of China and build up a predictive model for wine consumers’ sensory preferences. Design/methodology/approach The study involved 3,421 Chinese wine consumers in the survey. Classified statistics were conducted to excavate regional differences of wine consumers’ sensory preferences. By analyzing influencing factors, prediction models for consumers’ sensory attribute preferences were constructed on the basis of multivariate disorder logistic regression method. Findings Empirical research showed that the wine with the following sensory attributes was the most preferred by Chinese consumers: dry red, refreshing and soft taste, still type, moderate aroma degree and mellow aroma, and sweet wine was also popular. Consumers’ preference varied from region to region. The proposed predicting method of the study realized more than 70 percent accuracy when conducting prediction for color, sweetness, aroma type and flavor preferences. Social implications By shedding light on the latest sensory attribute preferences of Chinese wine consumers, this study will help wine industry participants conduct market segmentation based on the diversification of consumers’ preferences. The wine enterprises can gain guidance from the results to conduct market positioning, adjust strategies and provide specific production for target wine consumers. Originality/value Based on the actual situation of Chinese wine market, this study defines sensory attribute indexes of wine from the perspective of wine consumers and presents the most recent comprehensive research on the sensory preferences of Chinese wine consumers through a nationwide survey.
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Mills, Kristin M., Anita L. Stewart, Peter G. Sepsis, and Abby C. King. "Consideration of Older Adults’ Preferences for Format of Physical Activity." Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 5, no. 1 (1997): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.5.1.50.
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Most community-based physical activity interventions for older adults prescribe class-based activities that may not appeal to everyone. This paper describes physical activity format preferences in a sample of 98 older adults (mean age = 76 ± 8 years) enrolled in an exercise promotion program encouraging participation in class-based activities offered by the community; the study explores how these preferences are related to activity adoption and maintenance. Thirty-four percent of respondents preferred to exercise individually. 28% preferred to exercise in a group, and 39% had no preference. Those who preferred exercising individually were less likely to adopt a new class than those who preferred to exercise in a group and those who had no preference (p < .01). Programs taking into account individual preferences may be more successful than those offering specific formats.
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Park, Han-Saem, Moon-Hee Park, and Sung-Bae Cho. "Mobile Information Recommendation Using Multi-Criteria Decision Making with Bayesian Network." International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 14, no. 02 (2015): 317–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219622015500017.
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The advancement of network technology and the popularization of the Internet lead to increased interest in information recommendation. This paper proposes a group recommendation system that takes the preferences of group users in mobile environment and applies the system to recommendation of restaurants. The proposed system recommends the restaurants by considering various preferences of multiple users. To cope with the uncertainty in mobile environment, we exploit Bayesian network, which provides reliable performance and models individual user's preference. Also, Analytical Hierarchy Process of multi-criteria decision-making method is used to estimate the group users' preference from individual users' preferences. Experiments in 10 different situations provide a comparison of the proposed method with random recommendation, simple rule-based recommendation and neural network recommendation, and confirm that the proposed method is useful with the subjective test.
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O'Brien, John R. "Experimental Stock Markets with Controlled Risk Preferences." Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance 7, no. 2 (1992): 117–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0148558x9200700201.
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In this paper the empirical validity of the binary lottery preference inducing technique is tested in a real world market institution. In each market the potential gains to exchange arise from induced risk preferences, and the predicted competitive equilibrium is equivalent to the Pareto optimal risk sharing allocation. Price convergence to (and near) the competitive equilibrium price was rapid in each market, and most trades were individually rational with respect to induced certainty equivalents. This evidence implies that preferences can be induced in an oral double auction institution, using this technique.
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Krueger, Lauren D., Sarah E. Thurston, Joshua Kirk, et al. "Enrichment Preferences of Singly Housed Zebrafish (Danio rerio)." Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science 59, no. 2 (2020): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30802/aalas-jaalas-19-000078.
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Despite the increasing popularity of zebrafish (Danio rerio) as an animal model, the environmental enrichment preferences of this species have been largely unexplored. We sought to determine the preferences of mature female zebrafish that were singly housed with or without access to one of 10 inanimate forms of enrichment. As a marker of preference, in-tank fish location was observed by video recording. All subjects showed a preference for the front of the tank when caretakers entered the room, demonstrating an effect of human presence on tank location. Among the 10 enrichment items tested, subjects showed the strongest preference for mirrored paper on the side of the tank when compared with the barren half of the tank. Fish also were observed interacting with PVC pipe, marbles, and tulle. Given the preference for enrichment imitating social interaction, we conducted a second study to assess the value of visual exposure of conspecifics in adjacent tanks. The experimental zebrafish were then provided one of 3 conditions—a singly housed neighbor fish, group-housed neighbor fish, or no neighbor fish. All zebrafish housed next to neighboring fish showed a preference to be on the side of the tank nearer to the other fish. Overall, our data indicate that singly housed zebrafish prefer enrichment items that resemble or promote social behaviors. Therefore items such as mirrored paper or housing next to conspecifics should be strongly considered as enrichment strategies for singly housed zebrafish.
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Curtale, Riccardo. "Analyzing children’s impact on parents’ tourist choices." Young Consumers 19, no. 2 (2018): 172–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/yc-07-2017-00715.
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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to implement an innovative approach to analyze children’s impact on family decisions. Furthermore, a new strategy to collect children’s preferences is shown to reduce the lack of children’s voices in the tourism literature.Design/methodology/approachA stated preference (SP) experiment with a two-step procedure is applied: in the first step, children’s preferences are collected through pictures and a rating scale based on emoticons; in the second step, the SP is submitted to their parents to understand how children influence decisions. Parents faced six choice tasks, each of them showing three different activities that they could evaluate on the basis of three attributes: the cost of the activity, the distance from the place of interview and children’s degree of satisfaction in participating in the activity.FindingsThe majority of children interviewed show a high preference for swimming pool/lido, and their preference is highly taken into account by parents. Parents prefer closer and cheaper activities, but children’s preferences play a fundamental role in the final choice. In addition, parents are willing to pay an extra 100 CHF, for the whole family, to choose an activity that fulfills children’s preferences, rather than an activity that children do not like.Originality/valueThe originality contribution of this paper consists of using an innovative procedure to collect children’s preferences and combine them in an SP experiment submitted to their parents. Children’s influence on decisions is also measured by parent’s willingness to pay to satisfy their preferences.
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Bracci, Enrico, Mouhcine Tallaki, and Monia Castellini. "Learning preferences in accounting education: a focus on the role of visualization." Meditari Accountancy Research 28, no. 2 (2019): 391–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/medar-02-2018-0286.
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Purpose In accounting education studies, there is increasing interest in using teaching visual tools and contents. However, research about the pedagogical benefits of visual in education is still limited. This paper aims to contribute to the debate by providing evidence on the extent to which the visual represents a relevant learning preference of accounting students. Design/methodology/approach The paper adopted the visual, aural, read/write, and kinesthetic questionnaire as a tested means to study the learning preferences of accounting students. The empirical study is based on a survey conducted with undergraduate and postgraduate accounting students. Findings The results show that visualization appears to be the less-relevant learning preference of students. This result is not in line with the emergent discussion in accounting education literature, which examines how visual tools can improve the presentation of accounting information. This opens the debate about the potential use of visual tools in teaching accounting. Besides, gender and origin of students (national vs international) appeared as relevant factors in explaining a greater visual learning preference. Originality/value This paper attempts to contribute to the accounting literature by providing evidence on the extent to which the visual represents the relevant learning preferences of accounting students. In addition, given that most of the literature on students’ learning preferences are based on Anglo-Saxon contexts, the authors provide evidence from a Latin country.