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Journal articles on the topic 'Paper Surfaces'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 19 July 2025

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1

Brinen, Jacob S., and Robert J. Proverb. "SIMS imaging of paper surfaces." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 6, no. 4 (1991): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3183/npprj-1991-06-04-p177-183.

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2

de Carvalho, A., and T. Hall. "Paper surfaces and dynamical limits." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107, no. 32 (2010): 14030–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1001947107.

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3

de Carvalho, André, and Toby Hall. "Riemann surfaces out of paper." Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society 108, no. 3 (2013): 541–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/plms/pdt020.

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4

Clarke, B., and W. N. Charman. "Macro-interferometry of paper surfaces." Journal of Physics E: Scientific Instruments 22, no. 3 (1989): 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3735/22/3/007.

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5

Ngo, Ying Hui, Dan Li, George P. Simon, and Gil Garnier. "Paper surfaces functionalized by nanoparticles." Advances in Colloid and Interface Science 163, no. 1 (2011): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2011.01.004.

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6

Ruzyllo, Jerzy, and Patrick J. Drummond. "Electrical Characterization of As-Processed Semiconductor Surfaces - Invited Paper." Solid State Phenomena 255 (September 2016): 299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.255.299.

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The paper is concerned with electrical characterization of as-processed semiconductor surfaces and near-surface regions for the purpose of process development and monitoring. The methods of electrical characterization based on Surface Photovoltage (SPV) and Photoconductance Decay (PCD) effects are discussed as being particularly conducive with the needs of as-processed semiconductor surface characterization and experimental results demonstrating merits of the proposed methodology are presented.

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7

Manneberg, Go¨ran. "Fourier optic characterization of paper surfaces." Optical Engineering 36, no. 1 (1997): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.601173.

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8

Wang, Min, Yuli Wang, Bingbing Gao, et al. "Fast Strategy to Functional Paper Surfaces." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 11, no. 15 (2019): 14445–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b00512.

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9

Shchukarev, A. V., R. Mattsson, and L. Ödberg. "XPS imaging of surface diffusion of alkylketene dimer on paper surfaces." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 219, no. 1-3 (2003): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0927-7757(03)00009-8.

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10

Lee, Yong Ju, Geon-Woo Kim, Tai-Ju Lee, and Hyoung Jin Kim. "Fractal Geometry: Surface Characterization of Printing Paper." Fractal and Fractional 9, no. 2 (2025): 123. https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract9020123.

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This study investigates the surface characteristics of printing papers using fractal geometry, focusing on surface roughness and surface friction as independent properties. The fractal dimension (FD) was analyzed using the power spectral density method, which provided a more distinct characterization of paper surfaces compared to the variogram method. Surface roughness and friction were measured using a stylus-based contact profilometer, and mean absolute deviation (MAD) parameters, such as the mean absolute deviation of surface roughness (RMAD) and friction, were calculated to capture surface variability. The results revealed that while conventional parameters, such as roughness average (Ra) and the average coefficient of friction, are highly sensitive to measurement conditions, MAD-based parameters demonstrate greater robustness and stability. For instance, the regression equation for RMAD vs. Ra showed a strong correlation, with an R² value close to 1.0. However, the slopes were significantly less than one. Furthermore, FD exhibited weak correlations with surface roughness and friction, with R² values of 0.342 and 0.016, respectively, highlighting its unique ability to characterize autocorrelation or complexity of surface. Additionally, the effects of coating on paper surfaces were evaluated, revealing reduced flocculation of surface profiles but a 5% increase in FD, indicating enhanced surface complexity. These findings underscore the complementary role of FD in providing a comprehensive understanding of surface properties, with potential applications in quality control and the design of paper products.

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11

Harmata, Władysław. "Decontamination ‒ disinfection of paper products." Bulletin of the Military University of Technology 69, no. 4 (2020): 135–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.3840.

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In this paper, the problems of elimination of surface contamination with biological substances were characterised. The possibility of SARS-CoV-2 virus contamination of various surfaces was analysed. Disinfection processes were characterised, including the method using hydrogen peroxide gas. The test results of disinfection effectiveness and material compatibility of selected products, mainly these made of paper, disinfected by means of hydrogen peroxide gas were presented.

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12

Häkkänen, H. J., and J. E. I. Korppi-Tommola. "Laser-Induced Fluorescence Imaging of Paper Surfaces." Applied Spectroscopy 47, no. 12 (1993): 2122–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702934066307.

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Laser-induced fluorescence imaging has been used to study the microstructure of paper surfaces. Pulses from a XeCl-excimer laser, 10 ns in duration at 308 nm, were used for excitation, and fluorescence was collected at 420 nm. The excitation spot diameter was approximately 20 µm, and the sampling interval 0.15 mm. Within an area of 5*5 mm2, 1023 sampling points were recorded to generate 3D fluorescence maps of paper surfaces. Papers containing fluorescence whitening agents (FWAs) gave the highest average fluorescence signals. Coated papers with no FW As show weaker signals than the base sheet. For some thirty different paper samples, an obvious correlation between the amount of coating and the average intensity of the fluorescence signal was observed. Signal fluctuations around the average intensity values were sensitive to (1) the chemical pulp content in super calantered (SC) paper, (2) the amount of recycled fiber in newsprint, and (3) the amount of coating on the light-weight coated (LWC) paper surface. An effort was made to correlate fluorescence imaging results to predict mottling (diffusion of printing ink after printing) in various paper brands.

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13

KHANSARY, MILAD ASGARPOUR, FARZANEH KAZEMI QALEH JOOGH, ASHKAN HOSSEINI, et al. "MODELING DRYING OF A COATED PAPER." International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 05, no. 01 (2013): 1350019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793962313500190.

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Drying of a coated paper is modeled and simulated. The paper sheet is assumed to form three zones, and each zone has its own drying mechanism. Coupling of energy and mass balances must be used in order to solve differential equations. The simulations are carried out in various drying conditions i.e., only hot air drying, only radiant drying, and mixed hot air-radiant drying. Also the effect of one side and two side assumption on evaporation is studied. Effect of venting air speed and radiant heat source presence and its distance from the drying surface on the drying of a coated paper has been studied. It is found that both distance and venting air speed are inversely related to drying in mixed hot air-radiant drying. Both surfaces participate in evaporation however, during the last time of drying, no difference between the upper and the bottom surfaces exist.

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14

Moon, Byoung Geun, Na Young Park, Young Chan Ko, and Hyoung Jin Kim. "Characterization of paper surfaces by friction profilometry." BioResources 17, no. 4 (2022): 6067–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.17.4.6067-6078.

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Friction profilometry is a powerful technique that is suitable for the surface characterization of paper products. In this technique, a stylus-type contact method that resembles papermaking processes is used for evaluating the quality attributes of products. The surface characterization requires both surface roughness and friction measurements. At present, however, few reports have been available regarding characterization of the friction by the surface profilometric method. The objective of this study was to provide guiding principles of a stylus-type contact surface profilometry for determining the friction properties of paper. Another objective was to introduce the concept of the mean absolute deviation (MAD) from the average coefficient of friction as a new friction parameter.

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15

Li, Lester, Victor Breedveld, and Dennis W. Hess. "Design and Fabrication of Superamphiphobic Paper Surfaces." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 5, no. 11 (2013): 5381–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/am401436m.

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16

Öhlund, Thomas, Jonas Örtegren, Sven Forsberg, and Hans-Erik Nilsson. "Paper surfaces for metal nanoparticle inkjet printing." Applied Surface Science 259 (October 2012): 731–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2012.07.112.

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17

Brinen, J. S., and R. J. Kulick. "SIMS imaging of paper surfaces. Part 4. The detection of desizing agents on hard-to-size paper surfaces." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Processes 143 (May 1995): 177–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1176(94)04137-v.

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18

Webb, Ralph L. "Donald Q. Kern Lecture Award Paper: Odyssey of the Enhanced Boiling Surface." Journal of Heat Transfer 126, no. 6 (2004): 1051–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1834615.

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This paper traces the evolution of enhanced boiling surfaces. Early work was highly empirical and done in industrial research. The 1968 Milton patent [“Heat Exchange System,” U.S. Patent 3,696,861] described the first porous coated surface, and the 1972 Webb patent [“Heat Transfer Surface Having a High Boiling Heat Transfer Coefficient,” U.S. Patent 3,521,708] described a “structured” tube surface geometry. The first fundamental understanding of the “pore-and-tunnel” geometry was published by Nakayama in 1980 [Nakayama, W., Daikoku, T., Kuwahara, H., and Nakajima, T. 1980, “Dynamic Model of Enhanced Boiling Heat Transfer on Porous Surfaces Part I: Experimental Investigation,” J. Heat Transfer, 102, pp. 445–450]. Webb and Chien’s flow visualization allowed observation of the evaporation in the subsurface tunnels [Chien, L.-H., and Webb, R. L., 1998, “Visualization of Pool Boiling on Enhanced Surfaces,” Exp. Fluid Thermal Sci., 16b, pp. 332–341]. They also performed an experimental parametric study that defines the effect of pore diameter and pitch on the boiling performance. The progression of work on analytical boiling models is also reviewed.

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19

Kannangara, Dushmantha, Hailong Zhang, and Wei Shen. "Liquid–paper interactions during liquid drop impact and recoil on paper surfaces." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 280, no. 1-3 (2006): 203–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2006.02.008.

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20

ARTHUR, BETH ANN, ROBERT P. SMITH, SERGIY LAVRYKOV, and BANDARAO V. RAMARAO. "Imaging of ink jet penetration in uncoated paper using microscopic techniques." November 2011 11, no. 11 (2011): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj10.11.35.

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Ink penetration in paper is influenced by the structure of the interfiber and intrafiber void spaces and the surface characteristics of the fibers. This report describes new techniques to determine the influence of the fiber surfaces and the cell wall internal structure on ink spreading and penetration. The location and penetration of ink is demonstrated by optical, scanning electron, confocal laser scanning, and transmission electron (TEM) microscopy methods. Ink penetration, as determined by each of these methods, is compared. The hemicellulose of the fiber’s internal void surfaces can be determined by immunochemical labeling in conjunction with TEM imaging. We demonstrate this by using primary monoclonal antibodies with specificity for hemicellulose with a secondary colloidal gold marker. This technique provides a way to visualize the location of hemicelluloses inside the cell wall and on the surfaces of nanopores. Combining paper structure with fluid spreading and wicking models can identify the influence of fiber surfaces and the cell wall on drop absorption.

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21

Tuominen, Mikko, H. Teisala, M. Aromaa, et al. "Creation of superhydrophilic surfaces of paper and board." Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology 28, no. 8-9 (2012): 864–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01694243.2012.697744.

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22

Ghazi, Sanaz, Ali Sayigh, and Kenneth Ip. "Dust effect on flat surfaces – A review paper." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 33 (May 2014): 742–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.02.016.

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23

Bo, Pengbo, and Wenping Wang. "Geodesic-Controlled Developable Surfaces for Modeling Paper Bending." Computer Graphics Forum 26, no. 3 (2007): 365–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8659.2007.01059.x.

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24

Thompson, Avery. "Reducing wake flow with paper-cutting control surfaces." Scilight 2023, no. 5 (2023): 051103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/10.0017169.

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25

Aprea, Matthew. "Enabling Small-Format Electronic Paper in Smart Surfaces." Information Display 25, no. 7 (2009): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2637-496x.2009.tb00118.x.

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26

Batz-Sohn, Christoph, Andreas Lembach, Leo Nelli, Astrid Müller, Ilia Roisman, and Cam Tropea. "Speed of Ink Absorption on Modified Paper Surfaces." NIP & Digital Fabrication Conference 26, no. 1 (2010): 503–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2169-4451.2010.26.1.art00034_2.

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27

Tian, Jieni, Jiangping Yuan, Hua Li, Danyang Yao, and Guangxue Chen. "Advanced Surface Color Quality Assessment in Paper-Based Full-Color 3D Printing." Materials 14, no. 4 (2021): 736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14040736.

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Color 3D printing allows for 3D-printed parts to represent 3D objects more realistically, but its surface color quality evaluation lacks comprehensive objective verification considering printing materials. In this study, a unique test model was designed and printed using eco-friendly and vivid paper-based full-color 3D printing as an example. By measuring the chromaticity, roughness, glossiness, and whiteness properties of 3D-printed surfaces and by acquiring images of their main viewing surfaces, this work skillfully explores the correlation between the color representation of a paper-based 3D-printed coloring layer and its attached underneath blank layer. Quantitative analysis was performed using ΔE*ab, feature similarity index measure of color image (FSIMc), and improved color-image-difference (iCID) values. The experimental results show that a color difference on color-printed surfaces exhibits a high linear correlation trend with its FSIMc metric and iCID metric. The qualitative analysis of microscopic imaging and the quantitative analysis of the above three surface properties corroborate the prediction of the linear correlation between color difference and image-based metrics. This study can provide inspiration for the development of computational coloring materials for additive manufacturing.

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28

Xie, Jingjin, Qiang Chen, Poornima Suresh, Subrata Roy, James F. White, and Aaron D. Mazzeo. "Paper-based plasma sanitizers." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 20 (2017): 5119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1621203114.

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This work describes disposable plasma generators made from metallized paper. The fabricated plasma generators with layered and patterned sheets of paper provide a simple and flexible format for dielectric barrier discharge to create atmospheric plasma without an applied vacuum. The porosity of paper allows gas to permeate its bulk volume and fuel plasma, while plasma-induced forced convection cools the substrate. When electrically driven with oscillating peak-to-peak potentials of ±1 to ±10 kV, the paper-based devices produced both volume and surface plasmas capable of killing microbes. The plasma sanitizers deactivated greater than 99% of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and greater than 99.9% of Escherichia coli cells with 30 s of noncontact treatment. Characterization of plasma generated from the sanitizers revealed a detectable level of UV-C (1.9 nW⋅cm−2⋅nm−1), modest surface temperature (60 °C with 60 s of activation), and a high level of ozone (13 ppm with 60 s of activation). These results deliver insights into the mechanisms and suitability of paper-based substrates for active antimicrobial sanitization with scalable, flexible sheets. In addition, this work shows how paper-based generators are conformable to curved surfaces, appropriate for kirigami-like “stretchy” structures, compatible with user interfaces, and suitable for sanitization of microbes aerosolized onto a surface. In general, these disposable plasma generators represent progress toward biodegradable devices based on flexible renewable materials, which may impact the future design of protective garments, skin-like sensors for robots or prosthetics, and user interfaces in contaminated environments.

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29

EKREN, Nazmi, and Ali Samet SARKIN. "Semi-conductor Applications to Printed Circuits on Flexible Surfaces." Balkan Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 10, no. 3 (2022): 273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17694/bajece.1094805.

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The most common type of identification system today is RFID. RFID circuits are used as covered with plastic. With the increase in usage areas, it is also used on metal, wood, paper, and plastic product. In this study, the behavior of the same circuit on different surfaces was investigated. The surface impedance and signal reflection coefficients of RFID tag antennas were investigated based on paper, plastic, and textile surfaces. According to the results of the electrical and mechanical tests, the best results in terms of reflectance coefficients and surface impedances of RFID tags are on PET surfaces. The surface impedance and the reflection coefficients were high on paper surfaces. The lowest values were measured on textile surfaces. According to the results, it has been seen that RFID antenna application on plastic, paper, and textile surfaces is possible and usable.

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30

Fukuda, Nobuko, and Sakae Manaka. "Visible surface diffusion of gold nanostructures on a paper at room temperature through localized surface plasmon resonance." MRS Advances 4, no. 5-6 (2019): 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2019.108.

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ABSTRACTWe visually observed color changes of discontinuous gold surfaces on paper substrates through localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) at room temperature due to surface diffusion of gold nanostructures. Isolated nanoparticles and an uncompleted nanosheet of gold were obtained by thermal vapor deposition. After preservation for 8 months in air at room temperature, the particle sizes and shapes remarkably changed with color changes. The surface diffusion of the discontinuous gold on the paper would be derived from solid-state dieting, resulting in the growth of the nanosheet defect and coalescence of the nanoparticles. This is due to the total energy minimization of the surfaces of gold nanostructures and the paper and the interface between gold and the paper.

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31

Strass, Karl-Heinz. "Advanced 3D roughness analysis for the characterization of ceramic surfaces." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2011, CICMT (2011): 000207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/cicmt-2011-wp12.

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Advanced processes often hinge on the ability to reproduce specific surface characteristics. While throughout the past century, the mean roughness value, also expressed as Ra has often been used as the main parameter to classify a surface's ability to retain oil and provide a functional bearing surface, the materials, processes and required functionalities of modern surfaces go far beyond that application. Superficial interfaces now often determine the ability of a consecutive layer to adhere to the substrate or, amongst others, enhance a surface's ability to exchange electrons or other elements. In many applications the surface itself enables the process the device is intended to deliver. The paper discusses various approaches to measure surface roughness, and takes a closer look at more advanced surface roughness parameters that allow the user to more accurately and precisely determine a surface's ability to function within its desired boundary conditions. We will review various technologies widely used to measure surface topographies, from the traditional stylus profilometry, to white light interferometry, confocal microscopy to optical systems that combine several of the advantages into one technology. Almost none of the surfaces functions today are based on surface properties of a single line, hence the paper will review the correlation between single line scan metrology and real 3D metrology. Acquiring 3-dimensional data provides the user with significantly more information. Any directionality of surface properties can now be evaluated by taking advantage of more advanced and complex roughness parameters that indicate for instance, anisotropies of surface preparation processes.

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32

Brinen, Jacob S. "The observation and distribution of organic additives on paper surfaces using surface spectroscopic techniques." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 8, no. 1 (1993): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3183/npprj-1993-08-01-p123-129.

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33

Hassan, Mohammad L., Wafaa S. Abou-Elseoud, Amal H. Abdel Kader, and Enas A. Hassan. "Rice straw paper sheets reinforced with bleached or unbleached nanofibers." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 36, no. 1 (2021): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2020-0073.

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Abstract Cellulose nanofibers isolated from unbleached pulp are characterized by different surface properties due to presence of lignin at their surface, in addition to lower cost than isolated from bleached pulp. In the current work, the effect of cellulose nanofibers isolated from unbleached neutral sulfite and bleached soda rice straw pulps (so called UBCNF and BCNF) on improving paper sheet properties of unbleached and bleached rice straw pulp (so called UBP and BP) was studied. The effect on mechanical properties (tensile strength, burst strength, and tearing resistance) and physical properties (porosity and water vapor permeability) was studied. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to assist in explaining the obtained results. The result showed that using BCNF and BP resulted in better improvement in mechanical properties and also more effective in reducing porosity of paper sheets than in case of using UBCNF and UBP. These results indicated stronger bonding between nanofibers and pulps’ fibers in case of using BCNF and BP (surfaces rich in cellulose hydroxyl groups) than in case of UBCNF and UBP (surfaces rich in lignin). Water vapor permeability of paper sheets made from unbleached or bleached pulps did not significantly affect by the addition the nanofibers.

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34

Wilke, Patrick, Doris Abt, Steffi Große, Christopher Barner-Kowollik, and Hans G. Börner. "Selective functionalization of laser printout patterns on cellulose paper sheets coated with surface-specific peptides." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 31 (2017): 16144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta02524f.

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35

Wang, Yongqiao, Lin Yang, Pengcheng Li, and Yuan Chang. "Singularities of Osculating Developable Surfaces of Timelike Surfaces along Curves." Symmetry 14, no. 11 (2022): 2251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14112251.

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In this paper, we focus on a developable surface tangent to a timelike surface along a curve in Minkowski 3-space, which is called the osculating developable surface of the timelike surface along the curve. The ruling of the osculating developable surface is parallel to the osculating Darboux vector field. The main goal of this paper is to classify the singularities of the osculating developable surface. To this end, two new invariants of curves are defined to characterize these singularities. Meanwhile, we also research the singular properties of osculating developable surfaces near their lightlike points. Moreover, we give a relation between osculating Darboux vector fields and normal vector fields of timelike surfaces along curves from the viewpoint of Legendrian dualities. Finally, some examples with symmetrical structures are presented to illustrate the main results.

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36

Ichiura, Hideaki, Takenori Seike, and Yoshito Ohtani. "Interfacial Polymerization of Functional Paper: Morphology of the Nylon Film Prepared on Paper Surfaces." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 52, no. 26 (2013): 9137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie401082a.

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37

Lux, Cassia, Thomas Tilger, Ramsia Geisler, Olaf Soltwedel, and Regine von Klitzing. "Model Surfaces for Paper Fibers Prepared from Carboxymethyl Cellulose and Polycations." Polymers 13, no. 3 (2021): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13030435.

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For tailored functionalization of cellulose based papers, the interaction between paper fibers and functional additives must be understood. Planar cellulose surfaces represent a suitable model system for studying the binding of additives. In this work, polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) are prepared by alternating dip-coating of the negatively charged cellulose derivate carboxymethyl cellulose and a polycation, either polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDADMAC) or chitosan (CHI). The parameters varied during PEM formation are the concentrations (0.1–5 g/L) and pH (pH = 2–6) of the dipping solutions. Both PEM systems grow exponentially, revealing a high mobility of the polyelectrolytes (PEs). The pH-tunable charge density leads to PEMs with different surface topographies. Quartz crystal microbalance experiments with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) reveal the pronounced viscoelastic properties of the PEMs. Ellipsometry and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements show that the strong and highly charged polycation PDADMAC leads to the formation of smooth PEMs. The weak polycation CHI forms cellulose model surfaces with higher film thicknesses and a tunable roughness. Both PEM systems exhibit a high water uptake when exposed to a humid environment, with the PDADMAC/carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) PEMs resulting in a water uptake up to 60% and CHI/CMC up to 20%. The resulting PEMs are water-stable, but water swellable model surfaces with a controllable roughness and topography.

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38

Ohashi, Hisanori. "Enriques Surfaces Covered by Jacobian Kummer Surfaces." Nagoya Mathematical Journal 195 (2009): 165–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0027763000009764.

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AbstractThis paper classifies Enriques surfaces whose K3-cover is a fixed Picard-general Jacobian Kummer surface. There are exactly 31 such surfaces. We describe the free involutions which give these Enriques surfaces explicitly. As a biproduct, we show that Aut(X) is generated by elements of order 2, which is an improvement of the theorem of S. Kondo.

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39

Körpinar, Talat, and Essin Turhan. "Parallel surfaces to normal ruled surfaces of general helices in the sol space Sol³." Boletim da Sociedade Paranaense de Matemática 31, no. 2 (2013): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.5269/bspm.v31i2.18255.

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In this paper, parallel surfaces to normal ruled surface of general helices in the Sol³ are studied. Also, explicit parametric equations of parallel surfaces to normal ruled surface of general helices in the Sol³ are found.

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40

Cucakovic, Aleksandar, Biljana Jovic, and Milos Tripkovic. "Paper strips driven design: Application on doubly curved surfaces." FME Transaction 45, no. 2 (2017): 251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/fmet1702251c.

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41

Brancato, Adam, Frances L. Walsh, Ronald Sabo, and Sujit Banerjee. "Effect of Recycling on the Properties of Paper Surfaces." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 46, no. 26 (2007): 9103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie070826a.

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42

Takeda, Yoshifumi. "Errata to the Paper “False Hyperelliptic Surfaces with Section”." Mathematische Nachrichten 182, no. 1 (1996): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mana.19961820115.

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43

TSUTSUMI, YUKIHIRO. "KNOTTED SEIFERT SURFACES AND UNKNOTTED SEIFERT SURFACES." Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications 17, no. 02 (2008): 141–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218216508006038.

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It is known that free genus one knots do not admit Seifert surfaces with hyperbolic exteriors. In this paper, for any integer g ≥ 2, we exhibit a knot of genus g which bounds a minimal genus Seifert surface with hyperbolic exterior and a minimal genus free Seifert surface.

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44

Mueller, Thomas, Andreas Poesch, and Eduard Reithmeier. "Measurement Uncertainty of Microscopic Laser Triangulation on Technical Surfaces." Microscopy and Microanalysis 21, no. 6 (2015): 1443–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927615015330.

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AbstractLaser triangulation is widely used to measure three-dimensional structure of surfaces. The technique is suitable for macroscopic and microscopic surface measurements. In this paper, the measurement uncertainty of laser triangulation is investigated on technical surfaces for microscopic measurement applications. Properties of technical surfaces are, for example, reflectivity, surface roughness, and the presence of scratches and pores. These properties are more influential in the microscopic laser triangulation than in the macroscopic one. In the Introduction section of this paper, the measurement uncertainty of laser triangulation is experimentally investigated for 13 different specimens. The measurements were carried out with and without a laser speckle reducer. In the Materials and Methods section of this paper, the surfaces of the 13 specimens are characterized in order to be able to find correlations between the surface properties and the measurement uncertainty. The last section of this paper describes simulations of the measurement uncertainty, which allow for the calculation of the measurement uncertainty with only one source of uncertainty present. The considerations in this paper allow for the assessment of the measurement uncertainty of laser triangulation on any technical surface when some surface properties, such as roughness, are known.

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Lee, I., E. Chung, H. Kweon, et al. "Scanning Surface Potential Microscopy of Spores on Planar Surfaces." Microscopy and Microanalysis 15, S2 (2009): 1132–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s143192760909254x.

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Oblak, D., and D. Kohli. "Boundary Surfaces, Limit Surfaces, Crossable and Noncrossable Surfaces in Workspace of Mechanical Manipulators." Journal of Mechanisms, Transmissions, and Automation in Design 110, no. 4 (1988): 389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3258935.

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The workspace of a regional structure of a manipulator is bounded by a Jacobian surface (where the Jacobian is singular) or a D-surface (where one or more of the joints achieve a limit position). The Jacobian surfaces and D-surfaces may also appear inside the workspace. In such a case, these surfaces are noncrossable for certain configurations and crossable for certain other configurations. In addition, there may be singular points which are crossable by all configurations of the manipulator. In this paper, a workspace analysis method has been developed for identification of these surfaces. Examples of RPP and 3R regional structures are presented for illustration.

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KAYMANLI, GUL UGUR, and TALAT KORPINAR. "A STUDY ON THE HARMONIC EVOLUTE SURFACES OF QUASI BINORMAL SURFACES." Journal of Science and Arts 20, no. 4 (2020): 881–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.46939/j.sci.arts-20.4-a09.

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In this paper, harmonic evolute surface of quasi binormal surface associated with quasi frame is studied. After constructing quasi binormal surface, we determine harmonic evolute surface of quasi binormal surface by using first and second fundamental forms. We then obtain some new results about these new surfaces and give some applications for them.

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Vukoje, Marina, Rahela Kulčar, and Tomislav Cigula. "Description of Paper–UV-Curable Thermochromic Ink Interactions with Surface-Free Energy Measurements." Macromol 5, no. 2 (2025): 22. https://doi.org/10.3390/macromol5020022.

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The adhesion of printing inks to printing substrates is a complex process influenced by both the physical and chemical properties of the printing substrate and of the printing ink. Synthetic paper, being a polymer with no absorption capability, limits the interaction between the ink and substrate, leading to lower adhesion values. On synthetic paper, the thicker polymer resin layer covering the microcapsules results in a more stable ink film and lighter print coloration. In contrast, UV-curable ink applied to bulky and recycled papers, which have porous structures, exhibits more dynamic interactions. The polymer resin in the ink penetrates the paper’s pores, forming a stronger bond with the paper fibers and improving adhesion quality. Surface roughness also plays a significant role in ink adhesion. Rough surfaces increase contact between ink and paper, enhancing mechanical adhesion by allowing the ink to “lock” into the surface’s irregularities. The surface energy (SFE) at the interphase between paper and ink is also a key factor. Low SFE promotes better wetting and ink absorption, improving adhesion. Ink penetration into the printing substrate is crucial for achieving high-quality adhesion.

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Jelonek, Włodzimierz. "Characterization of affine ruled surfaces." Glasgow Mathematical Journal 39, no. 1 (1997): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017089500031852.

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The aim of this paper is to give certain conditions characterizing ruled affine surfaces in terms of the Blaschke structure (∇, h, S) induced on a surface (M, f) in ℝ3. The investigation of affine ruled surfaces was started by W. Blaschke in the beginning of our century (see [1]). The description of affine ruled surfaces can be also found in the book [11], [3] and [7]. Ruled extremal surfaces are described in [9]. We show in the present paper that a shape operator S is a Codazzi tensor with respect to the Levi-Civita connection ∇ of affine metric h if and only if (M, f) is an affine sphere or a ruled surface. Affine surfaces with ∇S = 0 are described in [2] (see also [4]). We also show that a surface which is not an affine sphere is ruled iff im(S - HI) =ker(S - HI) and ket(S - HI) ⊂ ker dH. Finally we prove that an affine surface with indefinite affine metric is a ruled affine sphere if and only if the difference tensor K is a Codazzi tensor with respect to ∇.

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Fabian, Michal, Peter Ižol, Dagmar Draganovská, and Miroslav Tomáš. "Influence of the CAM Parameters and Selection of End-Mill Cutter when Assessing the Resultant Surface Quality in 3D Milling." Applied Mechanics and Materials 474 (January 2014): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.474.267.

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The paper deals with the effects of CAM data needed to produce desired quality of shaped surfaces in forming dies making. In general, the input CAM data have strong influence to the final surface quality. The shaped surfaces 3D milling has been modeled as end ball milling of the surfaces with defined inclination. The end ball milling is the most common way to finish shaped surfaces. Directions of the milling tools motion and applied cutting conditions have been used to simulate data when setting milling strategies. The resultant machined surface quality has been identified in terms of the surface roughness. The paper introduces recommendations applicable to the programming of the different types of milling strategy when producing form surfaces.

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