Academic literature on the topic 'Paper wasps – Research'
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Journal articles on the topic "Paper wasps – Research"
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Tibbetts, Elizabeth A., and Rebecca Lindsay. "Visual signals of status and rival assessment in Polistes dominulus paper wasps." Biology Letters 4, no. 3 (2008): 237–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2008.0048.
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Aggressive competition is an important aspect of social interactions, but conflict can be costly. Some animals are thought to minimize the costs of conflict by using conventional signals of agonistic ability (i.e. badges of status) to assess rivals. Although putative badges have been found in a range of taxa, little research has tested whether individuals use badges to assess potential rivals before they engage in aggressive contests. Here, choice trials were used to test how the variable black facial patterns in Polistes dominulus wasps are used during rival assessment. Focal wasps were given access to two patches of food, each guarded by a wasp whose facial pattern had been experimentally altered. Wasps chose food patches based on the facial pattern of the guard, preferring to challenge guards with facial patterns indicating a low level of quality, while avoiding guards with facial patterns indicating a high level of quality. Therefore, status badges play an important role during rival assessment; paper wasps use facial patterns alone to quickly assess the agonistic abilities of strangers.
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Uy, Floria M. K., Christopher M. Jernigan, Natalie C. Zaba, Eshan Mehrotra, Sara E. Miller, and Michael J. Sheehan. "Dynamic neurogenomic responses to social interactions and dominance outcomes in female paper wasps." PLOS Genetics 17, no. 9 (2021): e1009474. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009474.
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Social interactions have large effects on individual physiology and fitness. In the immediate sense, social stimuli are often highly salient and engaging. Over longer time scales, competitive interactions often lead to distinct social ranks and differences in physiology and behavior. Understanding how initial responses lead to longer-term effects of social interactions requires examining the changes in responses over time. Here we examined the effects of social interactions on transcriptomic signatures at two times, at the end of a 45-minute interaction and 4 hours later, in female Polistes fuscatus paper wasp foundresses. Female P. fuscatus have variable facial patterns that are used for visual individual recognition, so we separately examined the transcriptional dynamics in the optic lobe and the non-visual brain. Results demonstrate much stronger transcriptional responses to social interactions in the non-visual brain compared to the optic lobe. Differentially regulated genes in response to social interactions are enriched for memory-related transcripts. Comparisons between winners and losers of the encounters revealed similar overall transcriptional profiles at the end of an interaction, which significantly diverged over the course of 4 hours, with losers showing changes in expression levels of genes associated with aggression and reproduction in paper wasps. On nests, subordinate foundresses are less aggressive, do more foraging and lay fewer eggs compared to dominant foundresses and we find losers shift expression of many genes in the non-visual brain, including vitellogenin, related to aggression, worker behavior, and reproduction within hours of losing an encounter. These results highlight the early neurogenomic changes that likely contribute to behavioral and physiological effects of social status changes in a social insect.
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Davies, Kerrie A., Weimin Ye, Natsumi Kanzaki, Faerlie Bartholomaeus, Yongsan Zeng, and Robin M. Giblin-Davis. "A review of the taxonomy, phylogeny, distribution and co-evolution of Schistonchus Cobb, 1927 with proposal of Ficophagus n. gen. and Martininema n. gen. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae)." Nematology 17, no. 7 (2015): 761–829. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685411-00002907.
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The purposes of this paper are to clarify the taxonomic status of the fig-pollinating wasp associateSchistonchussensu lato(Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) and to suggest directions for future research on the systematics, life history and ecology of the group. Molecular phylogenetic analyses suggest thatSchistonchus s.l.is polyphyletic, and the composition of the three major clades is outlined, together with information on nematode morphology, plant host species, associated pollinating wasp species, and distribution. Biological information and collection data is presented forSchistonchus s.l.fromFicussycones (Moracea) in Africa, Australia, Asia and Central America, and its putative phylogeny is discussed based on molecular and morphological evidence. Both wasps and figs are millions of years old and have worldwide distribution in tropical areas,i.e., opportunities forSchistonchus s.l.-like nematodes to have evolved could have occurred more than once. In addition, figs and their pollinating wasps have variable life histories, which could have provided opportunities forSchistonchus s.l.to also develop different life histories. However, these histories occur inside fig sycones and in association with wasps, which has apparently led to evolutionary convergence and extreme morphological conservatism. Diagnostic characters and their states, derived from examination of described species and morphospecies ofSchistonchus s.l.and informed by molecular phylogenetic inferences, are discussed and illustrated.Schistonchus sensu strictois redefined, andFicophagusn. gen. andMartinineman. gen. are proposed.Schistonchus s.s.is morphologically characterised by having the excretory pore opening in the region of, or posterior to, the metacorpus;Ficophagusn. gen. by having the excretory pore opening very near the cephalic region; andMartinineman. gen. by having it opening at the anterior end of the metacorpus. Several species ofSchistonchus s.s.have a labial disc, but there is no evidence of this in eitherFicophagusn. gen. orMartinineman. gen.
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Liebert, Aviva E., Annagiri Sumana, and Philip T. Starks. "Diploid males and their triploid offspring in the paper wasp Polistes dominulus." Biology Letters 1, no. 2 (2005): 200–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2004.0284.
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Although the hymenopteran sex-determining mechanism generally results in haploid males and diploid females, diploid males can be produced via homozygosity at the sex-determining locus. Diploid males have low fitness because they are effectively sterile or produce presumably sterile triploid offspring. Previously, triploid females were observed in three species of North American Polistes paper wasps, and this was interpreted as indirect evidence of diploid males. Here we report what is, to our knowledge, the first direct evidence: four of five early male-producing Polistes dominulus nests from three populations contained diploid males. Because haploid males were also found, however, the adaptive value of early males cannot be ignored. Using genetic and morphological data from triploid females, we also present evidence that both diploid males and triploid females remain undetected throughout the colony cycle. Consequently, diploid male production may result in a delayed fitness cost for two generations. This phenomenon is particularly relevant for introduced populations with few alleles at the sex-determining locus, but cannot be ignored in native populations without supporting genetic data. Future research using paper wasp populations to test theories of social evolution should explicitly consider the potential impacts of diploid males.
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Tibbetts, Elizabeth A., Katherine Crocker, and Zachary Y. Huang. "Socially selected ornaments influence hormone titers of signalers and receivers." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 30 (2016): 8478–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1602707113.
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Decades of behavioral endocrinology research have shown that hormones and behavior have a bidirectional relationship; hormones both influence and respond to social behavior. In contrast, hormones are often thought to have a unidirectional relationship with ornaments. Hormones influence ornament development, but little empirical work has tested how ornaments influence hormones throughout life. Here, we experimentally alter a visual signal of fighting ability in Polistes dominulus paper wasps and measure the behavioral and hormonal consequences of signal alteration in signalers and receivers. We find wasps that signal inaccurately high fighting ability receive more aggression than controls and receiving aggression reduces juvenile hormone (JH) titers. As a result, immediately after contests, inaccurate signalers have lower JH titers than controls. Ornaments also directly influence rival JH titers. Three hours after contests, wasps who interacted with rivals signaling high fighting ability have higher JH titers than wasps who interacted with rivals signaling low fighting ability. Therefore, ornaments influence hormone titers of both signalers and receivers. We demonstrate that relationships between hormones and ornaments are flexible and bidirectional rather than static and unidirectional. Dynamic relationships among ornaments, behavior, and physiology may be an important, but overlooked factor in the evolution of honest communication.
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Urbini, A., E. Sparvoli, and S. Turillazzi. "Social paper wasps as bioindicators: a preliminary research with Polistes dominulus (Hymenoptera Vespidae) as a trace metal accumulator." Chemosphere 64, no. 5 (2006): 697–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.11.009.
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Nonaka, K., and H. Yanagihara. "Reviving the consumption of insects in Japan: a promising case of hebo (Vespula spp., wasps) by high school club activities." Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 6, no. 1 (2020): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jiff2019.0005.
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For people who hunt and eat hebo (Vespula spp., wasps) it is more about culture than it is about food production or environmental sustainability in mountainous central Japan. Individuals who currently semi-cultivate hebo do not intend to industrialize hebo semi-cultivation. Semi-cultivation of hebo is a seasonal activity and it is a hobby for them. This paper focuses on the declining number of wasp hunters. The number declined because younger generations did not take up the hobby or moved to urban areas in search of jobs. Hebo hunters thus consisted of seniors only. The number further declined as those who reached old age were no longer able to practice hebo hunting. Very recently, initiated a promising new development at Ena Agricultural High School. The support to the Hebo Club initiative was quickly expanded and now covers the members belonging to the Japan Vespula Association, and academics involved in edible insect research. We present an overview of the efforts of hebo hunters to maintain and promote the use of Vespula spp. as food and we describe the Hebo Club, a promising recent initiative spearheaded by the students of Ena Agricultural High School. The information was collected between fiscal 2015 and 2017 (namely from September 2015 to March 2018) by participant observation and semi-structured interviews with hebo hunters collaborating with the Hebo Club activities. The Hebo Club uses a hands-on approach: students gain knowledge on edible wasps and their semi-cultivation by actively engaging in the semi-cultivation of the wasps. The club thus teaches the students about resource use by engaging in resource use. The students are taught by experienced wasp hunters how to find, collect, house, and raise hebo. The Hebo Club’s colonies are housed in a shed in the school research forest. By cooperating with the members belonging to various Hebo Associations of south-eastern Gifu and northern Aichi, the students experience the variation in employed techniques and equipment, and make observations of hebo biology and ecology in different environments. Other than the hebo season, the club practice develops their idea for local development and applying it to tourism according to the evaluation of their activities. The successful beginning of the Hebo Club, a well-organized cultural initiative spearheaded by youngsters who are backed by seniors, is indicative of how people caring about hebo culture in central mountainous Japan maintains and preserves its culture and identity.
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Clark, J. F. M. "John Lubbock, science, and the liberal intellectual." Notes and Records: the Royal Society Journal of the History of Science 68, no. 1 (2013): 65–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2013.0068.
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John Lubbock's longest-standing scientific research interest was entomology. Some of his earliest systematic investigations of insect and marine life began under the tutelage of Darwin. Darwin shaped the trajectory of, and the programme for, Lubbock's natural history work. However, to understand John Lubbock's identity as a scientist, he must be located within the context of the Victorian ‘intellectual’. This paper traces Lubbock's entomological work from its early development under Darwin to his later work on insect sensory physiology and comparative psychology. Far from being the death of his scientific career, Lubbock's entry into Parliament marked the pinnacle of his career as a scientific intellectual. He built on his early work on invertebrate anatomy, physiology and taxonomy, and on his archaeological and anthropological research to expound his vision of mental evolution. His research on ‘savages’, on ants, bees and wasps, and on his dog, ‘Van’, permitted him to expatiate upon the psychic unity of all sentient beings, which, in turn, underpinned his overarching educational programme.
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de Boer, Jetske, and Marcel Dicke. "Olfactory learning by predatory arthropods." Animal Biology 56, no. 2 (2006): 143–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157075606777304221.
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AbstractMany natural enemies of herbivorous arthropods can use herbivore-induced plant volatiles to locate their prey. The composition of herbivore-induced volatile blends is highly variable, e.g., for different plant or herbivore species. When this variation is predictable during the lifetime of an individual, learning is expected to be adaptive for natural enemies that use such information. Learning has indeed been demonstrated many times for parasitoid wasps that use herbivore-induced plant volatiles to locate their hosts. However, evidence for learning of plant volatiles by predatory mites and insects is scarce and this is the topic of the present paper. We first review previously published research that demonstrated that anthocorid bugs and the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis have the capacity to learn. Next, we present new evidence for an effect of previous experiences of P. persimilis on its responses to mixtures of volatile blends, induced by prey or non-prey herbivores. Finally, we discuss the ecological relevance of olfactory learning by predatory arthropods and the need to address this topic in future research.
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Klejdysz, Tomasz, Zdzisław Klukowski, Grzegorz Pruszyński, and Wojciech Kubasik. "New data and a checklist of Dryinidae (Hymenoptera) from Poland, and their role in controlling leafhopper and planthopper crop pests (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha, Fulgoromorpha)." Polish Journal of Entomology 87, no. 1 (2018): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjen-2018-0003.
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Abstract Leafhoppers and planthoppers are a large group of insects (almost 600 species in Poland) with more than 50 species living and developing on cultivated plants in Poland. They cause plant damage by sucking sap and transmitting pathogens which cause plant diseases. In integrated plant protection, non-chemical methods such as natural enemies of pests should be used for preference. This paper gives the results of preliminary research on wasps of the family Dryinidae parasitizing leafhoppers and planthoppers that are crop pests in Poland. Parasitoids were obtained by rearing larvae and catching adults in fields. Data on 11 species of Dryinidae were obtained from Poland: three of them were not previously known from this country. A checklist of Dryinidae species known from Poland is given: it shows the species of Dryinidae parasitizing leafhoppers and planthoppers living on crops, and their role in reducing populations of these pests..
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Paper wasps – Research"
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Stein, Kenneth John. "A study of factors affecting queen survival, nest initiation, and nest development in the baldfaced hornet Dolichovespula maculata (L.) (Hymenoptera:Vespidae)." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39815.
Full textBooks on the topic "Paper wasps – Research"
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Austin, Andrew, and Mark Dowton, eds. Hymenoptera: Evolution, Biodiversity and Biological Control. CSIRO Publishing, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643090088.
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The Hymenoptera is one of the largest orders of terrestrial arthropods and comprises the sawflies, wasps, ants, bees and parasitic wasps. Hymenoptera: Evolution, Biodiversity and Biological Control examines the current state of all major areas of research for this important group of insects, including systematics, biological control, behaviour, ecology, and physiological interactions between parasitoids and hosts.
 The material in this volume originates from papers presented at the Fourth International Hymenoptera Conference held in Canberra, Australia in early 1999. This material has been extensively rewritten, refereed and edited; culminating in this authoritative and comprehensive collection of review and research papers on the Hymenoptera.
 The authors include many world-leading researchers in their respective fields, and this synthesis of their work will be a valuable resource for researchers and students of Hymenoptera, molecular systematics and insect ecology.
Book chapters on the topic "Paper wasps – Research"
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Fernandes, Carlos M., and Ivo Dias de Sousa. "Digital Swarms." In Handbook of Research on Entrepreneurial Development and Innovation Within Smart Cities. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1978-2.ch003.
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By converting a fixed network into a mobile system, personal communications technology radically transformed the way we interact with each other and with the environment. Recently, new generation mobile phones (known as smartphones) increased the capacity of the network nodes and added new properties to mobility, converting a once ordered system into a complex and perhaps adaptive network. In this paper, we argue that contemporary mobile phone networks are large-scale complex adaptive systems—with niches, hierarchy, recirculation of information, coevolutionary interactions, and sophisticated collective behavior—that display remarkable similarities with eusocial insects (ants, bees, wasps and termites). Under this framework, we will discuss the impact of personal communications networks in the urban life, without losing sight of the effects—either positive or negative—of the system's emergent patterns on the network itself and on the individual nodes (personal devices and users).
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Bouarara, Hadj Ahmed. "A Survey of Computational Intelligence Algorithms and Their Applications." In Handbook of Research on Soft Computing and Nature-Inspired Algorithms. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2128-0.ch005.
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This chapter subscribes in the framework of an analytical study about the computational intelligence algorithms. These algorithms are numerous and can be classified in two great families: evolutionary algorithms (genetic algorithms, genetic programming, evolutionary strategy, differential evolutionary, paddy field algorithm) and swarm optimization algorithms (particle swarm optimisation PSO, ant colony optimization (ACO), bacteria foraging optimisation, wolf colony algorithm, fireworks algorithm, bat algorithm, cockroaches colony algorithm, social spiders algorithm, cuckoo search algorithm, wasp swarm optimisation, mosquito optimisation algorithm). We have detailed each algorithm following a structured organization (the origin of the algorithm, the inspiration source, the summary, and the general process). This paper is the fruit of many years of research in the form of synthesis which groups the contributions proposed by various researchers in this field. It can be the starting point for the designing and modelling new algorithms or improving existing algorithms.
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Bouarara, Hadj Ahmed. "A Survey of Computational Intelligence Algorithms and Their Applications." In Robotic Systems. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1754-3.ch090.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter subscribes in the framework of an analytical study about the computational intelligence algorithms. These algorithms are numerous and can be classified in two great families: evolutionary algorithms (genetic algorithms, genetic programming, evolutionary strategy, differential evolutionary, paddy field algorithm) and swarm optimization algorithms (particle swarm optimisation PSO, ant colony optimization (ACO), bacteria foraging optimisation, wolf colony algorithm, fireworks algorithm, bat algorithm, cockroaches colony algorithm, social spiders algorithm, cuckoo search algorithm, wasp swarm optimisation, mosquito optimisation algorithm). We have detailed each algorithm following a structured organization (the origin of the algorithm, the inspiration source, the summary, and the general process). This paper is the fruit of many years of research in the form of synthesis which groups the contributions proposed by various researchers in this field. It can be the starting point for the designing and modelling new algorithms or improving existing algorithms.