Academic literature on the topic 'Paper workers' union'
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Journal articles on the topic "Paper workers' union"
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Stewart, Paul, Andy Danford, and Edson Urano. "Organizing Latin American workers in Japan." Employee Relations 39, no. 3 (2017): 365–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/er-03-2016-0054.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess difficulties facing the unionization of foreign workers focusing on the experience of trade unionists in Union MIE, an exemplar of what in Japan is known as a community union (sometimes described as a form of Minority union – Stewart, 2006). Union MIE is characterized by its orientation to the social and political agenda of Latin American workers, among whom Brazilians form the most numerous group. The paper also addresses the precarious nature of workers’ employment including the condition of labor. The increasing significance of community unions raises the question as to the possibility of the reregulation of worker interests in ways not fully encompassed by traditional labor market-focused unions. Design/methodology/approach The paper explores unique interviews using snowball technique and direct questionnaires to union membership of community union in Japan. Findings The increasing significance of community unions raises the question as to the possibility of the reregulation of worker interests in ways not fully encompassed by traditional labor market-focused unions. In addition to having relevance to the wider discussion on union decline, this paper contributes to the debate on migrant workers, their condition of labor and one form of labor organization responsive to their concerns. Research limitations/implications A comparative approach would add even more to the weight of evidence accrued in the paper. Practical implications Mainstream trade unions need to anticipate that the concerns of migrant and precarious workers will become increasingly common among their erstwhile “regularly” employed membership and so the activities of community and minority unions need to be taken on board in an organic, as opposed to an opportunistic, manner. Originality/value From unique interviews using snowball technique and direct questionnaires to union membership of community union in Japan, the paper presents original data not typically accessible in Anglo-Saxon research tradition.
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Foster, Jason. "From “Canadians First” to “Workers Unite”: Evolving Union Narratives of Migrant Workers." Articles 69, no. 2 (2014): 241–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1025028ar.
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Summary Federal government policy changes in the early 2000s led to the rapid expansion of Canada’s Temporary Foreign Worker (TFW) Program by increasing the number of eligible occupations. Before the expansion few trade unions in Canada had interaction with TFWs, but with the new rules, and the high profile political debate that ensued, unions were forced to confront the issue of migrant workers directly for the first time. Using narrative analysis, the paper examines media statements from union officials between 2006 to 2012 to track the narratives constructed by unions regarding TFWs. It finds three temporally sequential narrative arcs: 1-prioritizing of Canadian workers’ interests and portrayal of TFWs as employer pawns; 2-TFWs as vulnerable workers needing union advocacy for their employment and human rights; and 3-post-economic crisis conflicted efforts to integrate Canadian and TFW interests. The changing narratives reflect evolving union reaction to the issue of growing use of TFWs, as well as interaction with external political and economic contexts shaping the issue. The study examines how unions understand challenging new issues. The results suggest union discourses are shaped by the tension between internal pressures and external contexts. They also suggest that leaders’ responsibility to represent members can sometimes clash with unions’ broader values of social justice. Unions build internal value structures that inform their understanding of an issue, but they must also reflect members’ demands and concerns, even if those concerns may not reflect social justice values. The case study reveals the line between “business union” and “social union” philosophy is fluid, contested and context dependent. The paper also links union narratives of TFWs in this contemporary setting to labour’s historical attitude toward immigration and race, finding elements of both continuity and disruption.
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Chawla, Ginni, Tripti Singh, Rupali Singh, and Sonal Agarwal. "Worker participation in union activities: a conceptual review." Personnel Review 47, no. 1 (2018): 206–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pr-09-2016-0253.
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Purpose Viewed in the context of liberalization, privatization and globalization, the socio-economic and legal environment facing the unions have changed, throwing them into clutches of adversity and destitution. The purpose of this paper is to identify the reasons (i.e. antecedents) behind workers’ participation in union activities (such as strikes, rallies, demonstrations) in today’s scenario, and to understand how these participation tactics influence workers’ performance (i.e. worker behavior effectiveness) at work. Design/methodology/approach A range of published sources is drawn on, including quantitative, survey based and qualitative, case-study and other evidence for building the conceptual review. Findings The investigation clearly indicates that contemporary challenges facing unions in the present scenario prompt industrial actions. Only specific and genuine grievances and justifiable demands motivate workers to form a strong emotional attachment to their unions and engage in union participation activities such as strike activity (Darlington, 2006; Bean and Stoney, 1986). Originality/value Contrary to the traditional view, which sights unions as detrimental to worker productivity, turnover, and attendance at work (via restrictive work rules, featherbedding and disruptive strikes or other adversarial tactics), the investigation, through extensive review of literature proposes that unions positively influence worker behavior at work. The model, however, requires empirical testing to validate the proposed relationships.
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Clark, G. L., and K. Johnston. "The Geography of US Union Elections 2: Performance of the United Auto Workers Union and the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Union, 1970–82." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 19, no. 2 (1987): 153–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a190153.
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This paper is an extension of previous work on the geography of US union elections. It is largely an exercise in description. The issue here concerns the electoral performance of two unions, the United Auto Workers union and the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers union, over the period 1970–82. Relevant descriptive variables include location, scale, sector, state right-to-work legislation, and local economic variables. Two arguments are advanced. First, there are parallels between the electoral performance of US unions, and the partisan political process. Forces of electoral fragmentation evident in the partisan political process are mediated, however, by institutional factors relating to the organizing strategies of unions. Second, it is observed that there are significant differences between the unions, especially with respect to the patterns of their electoral successes and failures. These patterns, and their associations with local economic factors, are illustrated through a series of multivariate analyses of variance. Definitive tests of hypothesized causal relationships are left to a subsequent paper.
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Raphael, Steven. "Estimating the Union Earnings Effect Using a Sample of Displaced Workers." ILR Review 53, no. 3 (2000): 503–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979390005300308.
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This paper improves on past longitudinal estimates of the union earnings effect by using a sample of workers for whom the error in measuring changes in union status is minimized. The author uses a sample of workers displaced by plant closings from the 1994 and 1996 Current Population Survey Displaced Workers Supplement files to estimate the effects of union membership on weekly earnings. When models are estimated using the entire sample of displaced workers, longitudinal estimates of the union earnings effect are quite similar in magnitude to estimates from cross-sectional regressions. In models estimated separately by skill group, the author finds some evidence of positive selection into unions among workers with low observed skills and negative selection into unions among workers with high observed skills.
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Webster, Edward, and Christine Bishoff. "New Actors in Employment Relations in the Periphery: Closing the Representation Gap amongst Micro and Small Enterprises." Articles 66, no. 1 (2011): 11–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1005075ar.
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This paper aims to contribute to our understanding of how the representation gap in micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in nine countries can be closed through a mapping exercise (both horizontal and vertical). The study draws on peripheral workers in MSEs predominantly from countries on the periphery of the global economy. The assumption underlying the research is that the failure of traditional industrial relations actors, especially trade unions, to respond to the representation gap has created the space and the need for new actors to fill the gap. We identify a number of dimensions in trade union responses to non-standard employment relations and focus on their awareness of the specific nature of non-standard workers’ interests and their willingness to innovate with representation models.The paper identifies four main responses by trade unions to non-standard employees. The first response is where trade unions are indifferent to workers in MSEs as they are seen as marginal and unorganizable. Secondly, there are trade unions that are very much aware of the need to revise and revitalize their representation strategies, but they respond by attempting to extend existing forms of representation. Thirdly there are those who believe that non-standard employment should be resisted. The fourth, and most interesting response, is where unions create specific kinds of representation and protection for the new forms of employment.While there were positive outcomes both individually and organizationally from this mapping exercise, as an organizational tool designed to recruit members into the union, mapping is limited. In five of the nine case studies peripheral workers were recruited into a union or worker association. The paper confirms the existence of new actors in employment relations in developing countries. In particular the emergence of NGOs and community based worker associations and co-operatives have been identified as crucial intermediaries in developing new forms of workplace organization.
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Galenson, Walter, and Robert H. Zieger. "Rebuilding the Pulp and Paper Workers' Union, 1933-1941." American Historical Review 90, no. 3 (1985): 779. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1861136.
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Radforth, Ian, and Robert H. Zieger. "Rebuilding the Pulp and Paper Workers' Union, 1933-1941." Labour / Le Travail 17 (1986): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25142619.
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Asher, Nina, and Robert H. Zieger. "Rebuilding the Pulp and Paper Workers' Union, 1933-1941." Journal of American History 71, no. 4 (1985): 897. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1888568.
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Ryon, Roderick, and Robert H. Zieger. "Rebuilding the Pulp and Paper Workers' Union, 1933-1941." Journal of Southern History 51, no. 2 (1985): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2208857.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Paper workers' union"
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Awude, Hans 1966. "Climate Change and its effect on agricultural employment in Ghana = the role of trade unions = Mudança climática e seus efeitos sobre o trabalho agrícola em Gana: o papel dos sindicatos." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286424.
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Orientador: Bastiaan Philip ReydonDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T16:17:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Awude_Hans_M.pdf: 3760270 bytes, checksum: cf98dce2a709490de9d856272dd21b79 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: Sindicatos poderiam desempenhar um papel chave na minimização dos efeitos de mudanças climáticas para os pequenos proprietários de terra no setor informal, cuja maioria é analfabeta e carece de proteção legal, segurança trabalhista e acesso ao sistema de saúde, caso fosse dada a essas instituições a chance e se elas aceitassem tal papel. Mudanças climáticas tornam o emprego agrícola cada vez mais precário e, portanto, acrescentam uma nova dimensão às atividades e riscos contra os quais os sindicatos devem buscar proteger seus membros. Isso se torna mais evidente no contexto dos países em desenvolvimento que contribuíram menos para o problema das crescentes alterações nos padrões climáticos e sofrerão seus maiores impactos. A agricultura em particular será afetada, com implicações potencialmente sérias para a segurança alimentar, pobreza e emprego. Isso provavelmente abrirá espaço e relevância para a atuação dos sindicatos, mas o modo como irão enfrentar os novos desafios e oportunidades ainda não está claro. Mudanças climáticas sazonais afetarão os sistemas produtivos e recursos e ferramentas necessários para uma colheita bem sucedida. Mudanças no clima podem afetar também as necessidades por água e energia, além dos espécimes de sementes e os tipos de culturas que serão economicamente viáveis. Tudo isso, por sua vez, afetará o número de empregos, sua sazonalidade e as habilidades exigidas, além dos salários. Oportunidades de emprego podem desaparecer ou se tornar significativamente menos confiáveis, uma vez que as mudanças climáticas apresentarão um desafio fundamental aos negócios, como é comum no mercado de trabalho, pois mais trabalhadores serão empurrados para a economia informal. Cada vez mais os sindicatos terão que se engajar na questão climática através da capacitação de seus membros face à crescente variação do clima. A advocacia e a construção da consciência também precisarão ser interligadas a estratégias definidas para assegurar que o bem estar individual (não apenas a situação macroeconômica) permaneça como o centro do debate e da ação. Isso irá potencialmente colocar os sindicatos no centro dos debates sobre direito ambiental, justiça e equidade
Abstract: rade unions could play a key role in minimizing the effect of climate change on smallholder farmers in the informal sector, the majority of whom are illiterate and lack legal protection, job security and healthcare, if given a chance to do and if they too accept such a role. Climate change makes agricultural employment increasingly precarious and therefore adds a new dimension to the activities and risks against which trade unions must seek to protect their members. This is even more so in the context that developing countries who have contributed the least to the problem of increasing alteration of weather patterns and the environment will suffer the worst impacts. Agriculture in particular will be affected, with potentially serious implications for food security, poverty and employment. This is likely to open space and relevance for Trade Unions; but how they will stand up to these new challenges and opportunities remain to be seen. Seasonal weather changes will affect production systems and necessary resources and tools needed for successful harvest. Changes in climate could also change water and energy needs as well as types of seeds and crops which will be economically viable. All of these will in turn, affect the number of jobs, the seasonality of jobs, and the skills required as well as wages on offer. Employment opportunities could disappear or become significantly less reliable, as climate change will present a fundamental challenge to business as usual in the labour market as more workers will be pushed into the informal economy. Trade Unions will increasingly need to engage in climate change issues by building capacity of their members in the face of increasing climate variability. Advocacy and awareness building will also need to be matched with defined strategies to ensure that individual¿s wellbeing (not just the macro-economic situation) remains the center of the debate and action. This will potentially place Trade Unions at the center of the debates on environmental rights, justice and equity
Mestrado
Economia Social e do Trabalho
Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico
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Payette, Sébastien. "L’influence de la coopération patronale-syndicale sur le fonctionnement et le degré d’autonomie des équipes de travail." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3548.
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Cette étude traite du travail en équipe et de la coopération patronale-syndicale. Nous avons évalué l’influence de la coopération patronale-syndicale sur le fonctionnement et l’autonomie collective des équipes de travail. La méthodologie utilisée s’appuie sur une étude de cas contrastés du point de vue de la variable indépendante (l’intensité de la coopération patronale-syndicale), en neutralisant le plus grand nombre possible de variables de contrôle pouvant influencer la variable dépendante (fonctionnement et autonomie des équipes de travail). Des entrevues semi-structurées avec les représentants des deux usines sélectionnées ont confirmé que la coopération patronale-syndicale était élevée dans une usine et faible dans l’autre. L’analyse des données relatives à notre variable dépendante est basée principalement sur les résultats d’un questionnaire et les données obtenues indiquent que les répondants de l’usine d’Alma font des évaluations plus élevées des aspects liés aux dimensions de la variable dépendantes et celles-ci recouvrent des aspects axés sur la gestion des opérations alors que celles où les évaluations sont plus élevées à Kénogami concernent majoritairement des aspects plus secondaires. Notre hypothèse est essentiellement confirmée et démontre une relation positive entre un degré élevé de coopération patronale-syndicale et l’évaluation par les membres du fonctionnement et de l’autonomie collective de leur équipe. Cette relation positive est cependant mitigée, car elle ne se vérifie pas pour certaines dimensions qui renvoient à des aspects plus secondaires de l’autonomie collective des équipes de travail.The main focus of the research is the analysis of the phenomena and the link between the union-management Cooperation and the work team. We are pursuing by submitting a main hypothesis: the degree of union-management Cooperation has a positive influence on the functioning and collective self-reliance of work teams. Methodology used relies on a point of multiple case study of the independent variable (the intensity of the employer-Union cooperation) in neutralizing the greatest possible number of control variables that can influence the dependent variable (operation and autonomy of the teams work). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with representative’s employer and Union. The results show that two selected plants have confirmed that the union-Cooperation was high in a factory and low in the other. Our dependent variable data analysis is based primarily on the results of a questionnaire and the resulting data indicate that Alma plant respondents have the highest ratings of dimensions related to their degree of autonomy and the functioning of their team work. Our assumption is essentially confirmed and demonstrates a positive relationship between a high degree of union-management Cooperation and assessment by the members of their team’s operations and collective self-reliance of work teams. However, this positive relationship is mixed, because it does not apply for certain dimensions that concerns more trivial aspects of the collective autonomy of work teams.
Books on the topic "Paper workers' union"
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Swift, Jamie. Walking the union walk: Stories from CEP's first ten years. Communications, Energy and Paperworkers Union of Canada, 2003.
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Swift, Jamie. Walking the union walk: Stories from CEP's first ten years. Between the Lines, 2003.
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The color of work: The struggle for civil rights in the Southern paper industry, 1945-1980. University of North Carolina Press, 2001.
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Estabrook, Thomas. Labor-environmental coalitions: Lessons from a Louisiana petrochemical region. Baywood Publishing Company, Inc., 2008.
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Kädtler, Jürgen. Sozialpartnerschaft und Industriepolitik: Strukturwandel im Organisationsbereich der IG Chemie-Papier-Keramik. Westdeutscher Verlag, 1997.
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Chapelle-Darblay: Chronique d'un combat victorieux. Société d'histoire de Grand-Couronne, 2008.
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United Farm Workers Organizing Committee. Papers of the United Farm Workers Organizing Committee, 1959-1970. Edited by Gauvreau Christine, De Rosa Alissa, Primary Source Media (Firm), Walter P. Reuther Library, and United Farm Workers of America. Primary Source Media, 2009.
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Histoire de la Fédération des travailleurs du papier et de la forêt. Editions Saint-Martin, 1986.
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America, United Farm Workers of. Collections of the United Farm Workers of America: Papers of the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee, 1959-1966. Primary Source Media, 2009.
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Quentrec, Yannick Le. Un job pour la vie: Les salariés de JOB en lutte, 1995-2001. Syllepse, 2005.
Book chapters on the topic "Paper workers' union"
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Hillard, Michael G. "Madawaska Rebellion." In Shredding Paper. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501753152.003.0005.
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This chapter discusses the workers at Fraser Paper Company that revolted against an English management regime that forced speed-up, retracted employment promises, and belittled both union leaders and shop-floor workers. It details how workers, their families, and community members fought back Fraser Paper, using civil disobedience that spiraled into a violent confrontation with mill leaders and state and local police. It also recounts how Fraser Paper was initially run by founders and their sons, along with a stable cadre of professional executives who joined the paper company beginning in 1932. The chapter refers to John “Pete” Heuer, who was the president and chief executive at Fraser Paper who introduced a harsh management approach and battled the mill's unions. It mentions the workers' militant response against Fraser Paper that was shaped through the norms of workplace contractualism and a remarkable local Francophone culture.
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Hillard, Michael G. "Fear and Loathing on the Low and High Roads." In Shredding Paper. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501753152.003.0007.
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This chapter deals with the national and international competition that was eroding companies' pricing power and market shares by the mid-1980s. It talks about workers in a mature industrial state like Maine who were expected to see their paper industry jobs disappear as production moved overseas and work was automated at home and abroad. It also discusses how the national companies that owned Maine's mills made radical demands on workers and attacked traditional union contracts outright. The chapter cites that Boise Cascade and International Paper Company (IP) provoked strikes by making extreme, untenable demands on workers in their Rumford and Jay, Maine, mills in 1986 and 1987. It probes the union-busting campaigns conducted by Boise Cascade and IP that defined what economists call the low road, which clobbered workers in the quest to quickly raise profits.
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Kılıç, Bülent. "An Organizational Trauma Intervention." In Impact of Organizational Trauma on Workplace Behavior and Performance. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2021-4.ch011.
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The aim of this chapter is to describe a trauma experienced among blue collar employees at the XYZ car factory in Turkey. Demonstrations led to a halt of production after the representative union signed higher salary at another factory. After the consensus among the parties the production was restarted. However, the trauma and its symptoms emerged. Conflicts and polarization rose among the workers and the employer decided to conduct an intervention program. This study focuses on the pre-intervention, pilot intervention and main intervention programs. Descriptive quotations related to the trauma and the implications of the intervention program are discussed in the light of a theoretical framework. In the present paper, a brief background of the automotive industry and labor unions will be presented. The theoretical perspective is put forward, the implemented program is described, and the descriptive findings are presented then the findings and implications are discussed.
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Howard, Adam M. "From Homeland to Statehood." In Sewing the Fabric of Statehood. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252041464.003.0004.
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The 1939 McDonald White Paper proved calamitous for European Jews as it severely limited immigration to Palestine. This led the AFL and the recently formed CIO to pressure the British government to allow Jewish immigration to Palestine. The American Trade Union Council for Labor Palestine (AJTUCP) formed in 1944 so the American labor movement could speak with one voice on Palestine. Led by Max Zaritsky, the AJTUCP rallied the leadership of AFL and CIO unions as well as the leadership of both federations. By July 1945, trade union leaders hoped for relief from the White Paper’s immigration restrictions with the British Labour Party’s stunning election victory that month. However, the new government and its foreign minister, Ernest Bevin, maintained the restrictions of the predecessor Conservative government, greatly irritating U.S. labor leaders. This refusal to change course led to tremendous protests from American labor, including communist organizations such as the American Jewish Labor Council (AJLC). The International Fur and Leather Workers’ Union’s leadership, a communist led union, played a vital role in the AJLC, which protested British actions vigorously between 1946 and 1948. Ultimately, the United Nations created a special committee to investigate solutions in Palestine (UNSCOP), which led to its recommendation for the partition of Palestine in 1947. That November, the U.N. General Assembly voted for the partition of Palestine into separate Jewish and Arab states.
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Langston, Nancy. "Mining Pollution Debates, 1950s Through the 1970s." In Sustaining Lake Superior. Yale University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300212983.003.0005.
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By the late 1950s, the taconite boom that Reserve Mining Company stimulated was having a profound effect on the region’s economy, just as the pulp and paper boom had stimulated the Canadian economy along Lake Superior. Towns thrived; new cars filled the parking lots where well-paid union workers toiled in the taconite facilities. Schools improved, funded by abundant tax receipts. Harms to the lake from the taconite boom were subtle and hard to pin down whereas the benefits were clear to see: jobs for miners and economic development for the region. Throughout the 1950s, as evidence accumulated that taconite was causing pollution problems, state agencies continued to insist that the industry was harmless. Only after scientists found that asbestos had been mobilized from taconite disposal into the drinking water and bodies of urban residents distant from the disposal site did the federal and state governments question the risks from taconite.
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Hillard, Michael G. "The Fall of Mother Warren." In Shredding Paper. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501753152.003.0004.
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This chapter highlights Mother Warren's profligate paternalism and century-long bond between local owners and its loyal workforce that came to an end with the mill's surprising unionization in 1967. It reviews Scott Paper's purchase of the S. D. Warren Company, which was a shocking end to the mill's local identity. It also discusses how Warren and its workers were swept by national currents that changed the economic and labor landscape throughout the United States when the mill's paternalism broke down. The chapter talks about Howard Reiche Jr., who worked cooperatively with the new unions and embraced their constructive role in rectifying Warren's outdated pay and supervisory practices. It examines the conflict in Westbrook that led to two strikes as more socially and geographically distant corporate leaders narrowed the space for any continued paternalism.
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Ehn, Pelle. "Scandinavian Design: On Participation and Skill." In Usability: Turning Technologies into Tools. Oxford University Press, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195075106.003.0008.
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In Scandinavia we have for two decades been concerned with participation and skill in the design and use of computer-based systems. Collaboration between researchers and trade unions on this theme, starting with the pioneering work of Kristen Nygaard and the Norwegian Metal Workers’ Union, and including leading projects like DEMOS and UTOPIA, has been based on a strong commitment to the idea of industrial democracy. This kind of politically significant, interdisciplinary, and action-oriented research on resources and control in the processes of design and use has contributed to what is often viewed abroad as a distinctively Scandinavian approach to systems design. This Scandinavian approach might be called a work-oriented design approach. Democratic participation and skill enhancement, and not only productivity and product quality, are themselves considered objective of design. [Based on the two research projects, DEMOS and UTOPIA, I have elaborated this approach in detail in Work-Oriented Design of Computer Artifacts (1989). This paper is based on that work.] Two important features of participatory design shape its trajectory as a design strategy. The political one is obvious. Participatory design raises questions of democracy, power, and control in the workplace. In this sense it is a deeply controversial issue, especially from a management point of view. The other major feature is technical—its promise that the participation of skilled users in the design process can contribute importantly to successful design and high-quality products. Some experiences, perhaps most developed in Scandinavia, support this prediction and contribute to the growing interest in participatory design in the United States and other countries; by contrast, “expert” design strategies have too often turned out to be failures in terms of the usability of the resulting systems. These two features together suggest that there should be a strong link between the skill and product quality aspect of user participation and the democracy and control aspect, or else participatory design will be a deeply controversial issue from the point of view of the employees and trade unions. The trade-union-oriented democracy aspect of skill and participation in design is discussed in the first part of the chapter.
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Qian, Yingyi. "Coordinating Reforms in Transition Economies." In How Reform Worked in China. The MIT Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262534246.003.0013.
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This paper analyzes how differences in organizational forms of centralized economies in the Soviet Union and China affected their reforms and transition paths. It addresses the question of why China succeeded in applying the experimental approach to reform whereas Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union economies failed. Our answer is based on how government organizations are structured and the effect it has on their coordination capacity. We model the coordination of specialized tasks inside an organization as "attribute matching" and compare organizational forms (U-form in the Soviet Union and M-form in China) in coordinating reforms. Compared to the U-form, the M-form has a distinctive advantage in carrying out experimentation and thus is more flexible in reforms, although it suffers from higher costs due to a lack of scale economies.
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"From Activism to Accommodation: The Deradicalization of The Chemical Workers' Union, IG Chemie-Papier-Keramik." In The Politics of West German Trade Unions. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315625027-13.
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Levy, Sharon. "Tides of Change." In The Marsh Builders. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190246402.003.0006.
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When Dan Hauser and his friend Wesley Chesbro won the Arcata city council race, their opponents did not concede gracefully. “I’m not a poor loser,” claimed Clyde Johnson, just before he called Hauser and Chesbro “rangatangs.” Then Johnson and the other disappointed candidates accused the winners of using dirty campaign tricks—just like President Nixon. Arcata’s weekly paper, the Union, ran the details of the post-election flap on its front page. That March of 1974, the national obsession with the Watergate scandal reached its peak. The president’s closest aides were on trial for burglary, wiretapping, and obstruction of justice. Nixon had become an international symbol of corruption, and the polls showed his public approval rating plummeting to an all-time low. So while Hauser and Chesbro could laugh off the comparison to an ape, when they were likened to the president the insult cut deep. It was a rough time to start a political career, especially in Arcata, an old logging town on the shores of Humboldt Bay in California’s damp northwest corner. The community was splitting in two like a redwood slat struck with an ax. On one side stood ranchers and timber workers, many of them descendants of the first pioneers to settle here in the 1850s. On the other were outsiders like Hauser and Chesbro, people who’d recently migrated to town to study or teach at Humboldt State University (HSU), and who’d decided to stay in this foggy enclave, 250 miles north of San Francisco. Now, for the first time, the outsiders controlled the city council. The old-time Arcatans felt like victims of an alien invasion. That feeling intensified when the national fad for high-speed nudity reached HSU. A few days after the election, four young guys ran naked through the University quad. Behind them, the crowns of the redwood trees at the edge of campus vanished into the fog. A cold rain fell as the earnest exhibitionists moved across the lawn, and goosebumps rose all over their bodies.
Conference papers on the topic "Paper workers' union"
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Lugonjić, Marija. "Comparative Analysis of Medical Workers." In Organizations at Innovation and Digital Transformation Roundabout. University of Maribor Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-388-3.33.
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Continuous Medical Education (CME) is becoming a minimum condition for adapting to today's changes and achieving success in professional and personal fields.The aim of this paper is a comparative analysis of CME in Serbia, the European Union, and the United Kingdom; US, Russian Federation and Iran. The aim of this comparative study was to assess the main countryspecific institutional settings applied by governments. Methods: A common scheme of analysis was applied to investigate the following variables: CME institutional framework; benefits and/or penalties to participants; types of CME activities and system of credits; accreditation of CME providers and events; CME funding and sponsorship. The analysis involved reviewing the literature on CME policy. Results: The US system has clear KME boundaries because it is implemented solely by credentialed institutions that organize dedicated meetings with the clear purpose of educating medical professionals.The European Union has not yet been able to reconcile the differences it has inherited from its members. Only "general" conditions are defined. Continuing medical education cannot be arbitrary, like any other organizational process. Everything has to be controlled in advance. Education in the Russian Federation is regulated by the law, Art. 2 and must be viewed as a whole. Doctors and healthcare professionals and their associates earn points through accredited continuing education programs for obtaining and renewing licenses of the Serbian Medical Chamber and KMSZTS - Chamber of Nurses and Health Technicians of Serbia. The Ordinance establishes the conditions for issuing, renewing and revoking the license for independent work, ie. License to Healthcare Professionals. (RS Official Gazette 102/2015) Conclusin: This comparative exercise provides an overview of the CME policies adopted by analyzed countries to regulate both demand and supply. The substantial variability in the organization and accreditation of schemes indicates that much could be done to improve effectiveness. Although further analysis is needed to assess the results of these policies in practice, lessons drawn from this study may help clarify the weaknesses and strengths of single domestic policies in the perspective.
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KARNUPA, Indra, Janis IEVINS, and Inese VILCANE. "MOST SPECIFIC INCONSISTENCIES OF LABOR SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY ENTERPRISES." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.243.
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The construction industry and the safety of workers in it is also related to the agricultural sector and its development. The construction industry is one of the most dangerous sectors in the world where employees relatively often suffer from accidents. The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of labor safety management systems in construction industry enterprises. The main goal of the study is to detect the most significant inconsistencies in the labor safety management system, to develop the necessary actions and activity, which ensure the elimination of inconsistencies or minimization of their consequences, and also provide an economic benefit for the company. Since the purpose of this study is to ensure that the construction company, knowing the most common weaknesses in the system, is preventive in dealing with these issues. The study methods used are secondary data analysis, case study and expert observations in ten companies that chooses to implement the OHSAS Standard. A total of 35 external audit reports were analyzed for the period 2008 to 2016. The study examines the role of labor safety management systems in construction industry enterprises. The study identifies the problems and influencing factors associated with implementation and maintenance of the systems. The work analyzes theoretical aspects of the safety culture, its development and choices of the labor safety culture in the organization. Requirements of labor safety legislation in the European Union are reviewed and how these requirements are integrated into Latvian legislation, and specifically in the enterprises of the reviewed sector. The most significant inconsistencies of the labor safety management system was identified and summarized in construction companies.
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Duić, Dunja, and Veronika Sudar. "THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON THE FREE MOVEMENT OF PERSONS IN THE EU." In EU 2021 – The future of the EU in and after the pandemic. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18298.
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The impact of the COVID-19 outbreak is being endured throughout the world, and the European Union (EU) is no exception. The rapid spreading of the virus effected, among other things, restriction on the freedom of movement. The EU member states introduced national response measures to contain the pandemic and protect public health. While broadly similar, the measures differ with regard to strictness and the manner of introduction, reflecting the political legitimacy of the respective country. With the ‘Guidelines concerning the exercise of the free movement of workers during COVID-19 outbreak’ – its first COVID-19-related Communication – the European Commission (EC) attempted to curb differing practices of the EU member states and ensure a coordinated approach. Ultimately, this action was aimed at upholding of fundamental rights as guaranteed to EU citizens, one such being the freedom of movement. Thus, from the very start of the pandemic, the coordinated actions of EU institutions sought to contain the spread of COVID-19 infections with the support and cooperation of EU member states. This is confirmed by the most recent Council of the EU (Council) recommendation on a coordinated approach to restrictions to freedom of movement within the EU of October 2020. While they did prevent the spread of infection and save countless lives, the movement restriction measures and the resulting uncertainty have greatly affected the people, the society, and the economy, thereby demonstrating that they cannot remain in force for an extended period. This paper examines the measures introduced by EU member states and analyses the legal basis for introducing therewith limitations on human rights and market freedoms. To what extent are the EU and member states authorized to introduce restrictions on the freedom of movement in the interest of public health? Have the EU and member states breached their obligations regarding market freedoms and fundamental rights under the Treaty? And most importantly: have they endangered the fundamental rights of the citizens of the EU?
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Seaton, Simon, Thomas Jelley, and Daphné Carthy. "Improving Employee Wellbeing through a Five-Phase Psychological Model to Reduce Risk and Improve Performance." In SPE/IADC International Drilling Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204036-ms.
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Abstract In its latest US Oil & Gas workplace safety report, the American Petroleum Institute (API) noted that the industry's incidence rate has decreased by 41% since 2008 due to an increased focus on the industry-wide goal of zero incidents (American Petroleum Institute, 2020). However, there continues to be a significant number of serious incidents directly related to human behaviours rather than a lack of control or processes. In a high-risk environment such as Oil & Gas sites, onshore or offshore, it is imperative to have a healthy workforce - both physically and mentally - and there is a link between worker wellbeing, stress, overall performance, and safety attitudes. Many segments of the Oil & Gas industry require workers to leave home and family for extended periods, and this can have a significant impact on an employee's psychological wellbeing. This paper aims to inform individuals and organisations so they can better understand the effects of the experience of being away and increase the chances of maintaining their workers’ psychological wellbeing. A five-phase model - from preparing to leave home through to being back at home - has been developed in consultation with academics, trade unions, expert insight from oil and gas, military and education sector perspectives. This model offers a new and practical way to think about and manage potential adverse impacts on psychological wellbeing while away in order to reduce risk. It was first set out by Seaton and Jelley (2015) and additional research has since been completed with new data that demonstrates the impact of the five-phase model. The five-phase model has been tested among international students at universities in the UK (Smith, Smith and Jelley 2018) and in 2019 among foreign workers at an on-shore location in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Consistent with findings in the university context, the results of the latest field research suggest that greater use of strategies to cope with working away from home is associated with (a) greater positive wellbeing (happiness, life satisfaction) in life generally (b) a better quality of working life (c) more efficient operational performance.
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Diakunchak, Ihor, Hans Juergen Kiesow, and Gerald McQuiggan. "The History of the Siemens Gas Turbine." In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-50507.
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Siemens gas turbine history can be traced back to the early years of World War II. The Westinghouse aero jet engine (J 30) and the Junkers JUMO 004 jet engine were the basis for the industrial gas turbines designed and manufactured by Westinghouse and Siemens / Kraftwerk-Union since World War II. KWU was formed in 1969 as a joint venture of AEG and Siemens and became wholly owned by Siemens in 1977. AEG worked with Junkers on the development of the Jumo 004 jet engine during the War. Westinghouse Power Generation was purchased by Siemens in 1998. This paper examines the history of those early gas turbines and traces the evolution of the modern Siemens gas turbine from that time. Details are also given of the latest Siemens gas turbine to enter into operation, the 340MW SGT5-8000H.
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Mayton, Alan G., Christopher C. Jobes, and Richard E. Miller. "Comparison of Whole-Body Vibration Exposures on Older and Newer Haulage Trucks at an Aggregate Stone Quarry Operation." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-50120.
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Exposure to whole-body vibration (WBV) and the postural requirements of the job have been identified as important risk factors in the development of musculoskeletal disorders of the back among workers exposed to a vibratory environment. This paper focuses on preliminary results of WBV data collected for two groups of haulage trucks — four older trucks from manufacturer A (MFR-A) and two newer trucks from manufacturer B (MFR-B). All of the trucks and their respective seats were considered to be in good working order during the study. Measurement periods for the truck groups had similarities, but varied from 2 to 58 minutes. Sampling times for the older trucks included a mean of 19.5 minutes and a standard deviation (STD) of 6.5 minutes compared to a mean of 40.8 minutes and a STD of 12.1 minutes for the newer trucks. Data collection coincided with the approximate delivery and first operation of the new trucks, and occurred approximately 12 months apart under similar weather and road conditions, and with the same drivers except an additional driver was included with the older trucks. Truck routes were somewhat different in that quarry production had changed location in the time between data collection activities. Overall, the results suggest that the newer trucks may provide better overall isolation to drivers/operators from WBV exposure compared to the older trucks operating at the quarry; although, this will need to be confirmed with additional measurements. Considering the higher variability and shorter sampling times for the older trucks, the results should be viewed with caution. For two of seven trials, the older trucks showed that seats amplified vibration, i.e., a transmissibility (T) >1.0. Seat T for the older trucks ranged from 0.31 to 1.17 with a mean of 0.77 and STD of 0.32. This contrasted with the newer haulage trucks where seats amplified vibration in 3 of 8 trials. In this case, T did not vary greatly and ranged from 0.87 to 1.05 with a mean of 0.97 and STD of 0.07. Regarding older trucks, in five of seven trials, the seat (output) data of weighted root-mean square (RMS) acceleration (wRMSz) for the dominant z-axis exceeded the action level of 0.5 m/s2 action level recommended by the European Union Good Practice Guide for WBV (EUGPG) and levels exceeded the recommended exposure limit of 1.15 m/s2 in two of the seven trials. The wRMSz values for the older trucks varied from 0.41 to 1.83 m/s2 with a mean of 0.99 and STD of 0.57. Similarly, newer trucks indicated a narrower range of wRMSz from 0.38 to 0.95 m/s2. The mean wRMSz was lower for the newer trucks at 0.58 m/s2 with a STD of 0.23 m/s2. Similarly, newer trucks indicated wRMSz reached or exceeded the action level in four of eight trials. None of the trials with the new trucks showed wRMSz levels that reached or exceeded the recommended 1.15 m/s2 exposure limit. As an indicator of driver/operator discomfort, overall weighted total RMS acceleration (vector sum) values seem to show a “rougher” ride for the older trucks. The vector sum values for these trucks ranged widely from 0.70 to 2.59 m/s2 and, in four of seven trials, showed levels greater than 1.40 m/s2. The mean vector sum was 1.44 m/s2 with a STD of 0.75 m/s2. Comparatively, the newer trucks exhibited less variation with a range from 0.69 to 1.59 m/s2. The mean vector sum was 1.02 m/s2 with a STD of 0.35 m/s2. Vibration dose values for the dominant z-axis (VDVz), gave a sense of vehicle jarring/jolting conditions. All trials with the older trucks were within the recommended EUGPG action level of 9.1 m/s1.75. On the other hand, in three of eight trials, both newer trucks exceeded this action level with values of 9.18, 12.58, and 13.21 m/s1.75. Neither truck group showed VDVz that exceeded the exposure limit of 21 m/s1.75. A statistical analysis was not conducted, since the differences reported between truck groups may not be statistically significant owing to the relatively small sample size. Road conditions, changes in the truck routes, and driver/operator differences (e.g., stopping and turning) are possible factors in the higher VDV for the newer trucks.
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Bie`th, M., R. Ahlstrand, C. Rieg, and P. Trampus. "Upgrading the Operational Safety of Nuclear Power Plants Through the TACIS Nuclear Safety Assistance Programme." In 12th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone12-49608.
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The European Union’ TACIS programme was established for the New Independent States since 1991. One priority for TACIS funding is nuclear safety. The European Commission has made available a total of € 944 million for nuclear safety programmes covering the period 1991–2003. The TACIS nuclear safety programme is devoted to the improvement of the safety of Soviet designed nuclear installations in providing technology and safety culture transfer. The Joint Research Center (JRC) of the European Commission is carrying out works in the following areas: • On-Site Assistance for TACIS Nuclear Power Plants; • Design Safety and Dissemination of TACIS results; • Reactor Pressure Vessel Embrittlement for VVER in Russia and Ukraine; • Regulatory Assistance; • Industrial Waste Management and Nuclear Safeguards. This paper gives an overview of the Scientific and Technical support that JRC is providing for the programming and the implementation of the TACIS nuclear safety programmes. In particular, two new projects are being implemented to get an extensive understanding of the VVER reactor pressure vessel embritttlement and integrity assessment.
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Reinsmith, Alexander, and Bryan W. Schlake. "Standardization of High-Wide Load Measurement Using Laser-Based Technology." In 2015 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2015-5682.
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Each year, thousands of open-top loads are shipped across North America over the Class I railroad network. Many of these loads are high-value, high-risk shipments, presenting considerable operational challenges for the carriers due to special handling requirements. Shipments that extend beyond a standard geometric envelope, denoted by various “plates” in the Association of American Railroads (AAR) Open Top Loading Rules (OTLR), are considered to be over dimensional, or High-Wide Loads (HWLs). Historically, railroad mechanical personnel have measured HWLs manually using a tape measure, plumb line, level, and various homemade devices. Measurement methodologies and philosophies can vary widely among mechanical inspectors. As a result, railroads have recently sought out new technologies to standardize the measurement process, resulting in greater safety, efficiency, accuracy and documentation. Taking the lead in this effort, Norfolk Southern Corp. (NS), BNSF Railway and Union Pacific Railroad have all worked closely with InfraMeasure, Inc. in their development of a patent pending, portable, laser-based measurement system known as SafeLoad®. This paper documents the development of this technology, including the completion of successful repeatability tests and the training of dozens of car inspectors from multiple railroads on the use of the system. In 2014, laser-based measurement technology was deployed across the entire NS network and was also used extensively by Union Pacific Railroad. In addition, BNSF and other Class I railroads began testing with the thought of implementing in the near future. Repeatability tests performed among newly trained employees indicated high levels of precision, with field measurements deviating by no more than 0.25 inches among various inspectors. Additional field testing confirmed a reduction in labor time and personnel required to measure HWLs by as much as one half while significantly improving measurement accuracy and reducing fall related risks by eliminating the need to climb on HWLs. In addition to these immediate benefits, the early stages of implementation have highlighted a potential long-term need for standardized measurement training within the industry. Anticipating the growing knowledge gap left by attrition, railroad mechanical departments are placing greater emphasis on training new car inspectors to assume the safety critical task of HWL measurement. This paper explores the current state of HWL measurement in the US railroad industry and identifies potential solutions, using technology, to further standardize both the practice of measuring HWLs and the training of new inspectors.
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da Costa Fraga, Carlos Tadeu, and Carlos Ferraz Mastrangelo. "Petrobras Operational Excellence Programme." In ASME 2002 21st International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2002-28605.
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This paper addresses actions implemented by Petrobras after the P-36 accident. The purpose of investigations following major accidents is to understand what exactly happened to avoid repetition. It is everyone’s responsibility to adopt practices that mitigate the risks even more in any activities. The P-36 accident was therefore analysed and discussed as transparently and deeply as possible in order that the lessons learned may be translated into safer operations. This is how it is done throughout the oil industry: the lessons learned from major accidents usually cause radical changes to the industry’s practices with regard to change in equipment, design, procedures, behaviours and attitudes. The P-36 Investigation Commission, with technical experts from Petrobras, universities and worker union representatives, audited by a company of international repute, produced several recommendations and identified areas for improvement. This paper discusses how Petrobras considered the commission report and how the areas for improvement are to be addressed. Many recommendations were immediately applicable but others, including some areas for improvement, requiring more detailed planning, were included in an Operational Excellence Programme (PEO – Programa de Exceleˆncia Operacional). This Programme shall be applied to every offshore unit of the company, while taking into account the peculiarities of each Business Unit. This Programme covers actions involving Petrobras design practices, operation, ballast and stability, maintenance, safety and human resources for offshore units and all those actions shall be concluded by December 2002. A detailed description of the actions which go beyond those required by current legislation will also be given, permitting Petrobras to achieve operational excellence in all its offshore units. Furthermore, Petrobras intends to contribute to the ongoing improvement of offshore oil industry practices through widespread dissemination of this Programme, which has already begun.
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Matanovac Vučković, Romana, Ivana Kanceljak, and Marko Jurić. "CULTURAL HERITAGE INSTITUTIONS DURING AND AFTER THE PANDEMIC: THE COPYRIGHT PERSPECTIVE." In EU 2021 – The future of the EU in and after the pandemic. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18312.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has imploded the traditional ways in which creative, cultural and artistic content are presented and consumed. Museums, libraries, archives, and other cultural institutions have been closed in lockdowns all around the European Union, and their content presented and consumed online. This paper will analyse how copyright rules affect cultural heritage institutions (publicly accessible libraries or museums, archives or film or audio heritage institutions) in the digital age. Four recent legal documents at the European level refer to the digitalisation of their collections and the digitised content’s exposure to the public in the Digital Single Market. These are Directive 2001/29/EC, Directive 2012/28/EU, Directive (EU) 2019/790 and Directive (EU) 2019/1024. This paper willfirst analyse how exclusive rights are regulated for authors, other creators, publishers, and producers in the digital age. Those rights need to be respected and exercised effectively by their owners. On the other hand, there is also a public interest, in that digitisation and access to digitised content should be free in cultural heritage institutions. To resolve the tension inherent in this relationship is not easy. The recent rapid change in consumption of creative, cultural and artistic content in the Single Digital Market (due to the pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus) has triggered the need for swifter digitisation of cultural heritage institutions’ collections. The European legal framework offers some solutions to this need, which will be presented here. It does not resolve the situation generally, but refers to particular issues, such as orphan works, out-of-commerce works, text and data mining and the re-use of public sector information. In general, copyright protection prevails. Nevertheless, the tendencies towards free access grow stronger every day. This paper will analyse how these four directives interact with each other in the effort to resolve the tension between copyright, digitisation and free access to digitised content in cultural heritage institutions. At the end, two ideas for a new balance are presented.
Reports on the topic "Paper workers' union"
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Jones, Emily, Beatriz Kira, Anna Sands, and Danilo B. Garrido Alves. The UK and Digital Trade: Which way forward? Blavatnik School of Government, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-wp-2021/038.
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The internet and digital technologies are upending global trade. Industries and supply chains are being transformed, and the movement of data across borders is now central to the operation of the global economy. Provisions in trade agreements address many aspects of the digital economy – from cross-border data flows, to the protection of citizens’ personal data, and the regulation of the internet and new technologies like artificial intelligence and algorithmic decision-making. The UK government has identified digital trade as a priority in its Global Britain strategy and one of the main sources of economic growth to recover from the pandemic. It wants the UK to play a leading role in setting the international standards and regulations that govern the global digital economy. The regulation of digital trade is a fast-evolving and contentious issue, and the US, European Union (EU), and China have adopted different approaches. Now that the UK has left the EU, it will need to navigate across multiple and often conflicting digital realms. The UK needs to decide which policy objectives it will prioritise, how to regulate the digital economy domestically, and how best to achieve its priorities when negotiating international trade agreements. There is an urgent need to develop a robust, evidence-based approach to the UK’s digital trade strategy that takes into account the perspectives of businesses, workers, and citizens, as well as the approaches of other countries in the global economy. This working paper aims to inform UK policy debates by assessing the state of play in digital trade globally. The authors present a detailed analysis of five policy areas that are central to discussions on digital trade for the UK: cross-border data flows and privacy; internet access and content regulation; intellectual property and innovation; e-commerce (including trade facilitation and consumer protection); and taxation (customs duties on e-commerce and digital services taxes). In each of these areas the authors compare and contrast the approaches taken by the US, EU and China, discuss the public policy implications, and examine the choices facing the UK.