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1

Mas'ud, Abdu, A. D. Corebima, Ade Haerullah, Said Hasan, and Alisi Alisi. "JENIS KUPU-KUPU PENGUNJUNG BUNGA MUSSAENDA DAN ASOKA DI KAWASAN CAGAR ALAM GUNUNG SIBELA PULAU BACAN." Jurnal Biologi Tropis 19, no. 2 (2019): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v19i2.1108.

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Abstrak: Musaenda dan Asoka merupakan salah satu tanaman hostplant dan sekaligus foodplant bagi kupu-kupu di Gunung Sibela. Hostplant adalah tumbuhan inang yang menjadi makanan larva dan foodplant adalah tumbuhan yang menjadi makanan kupu-kupu dewasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis kupu-kupu yang mengunjungi tanaman mussaenda dan asoka di kawasan cagar alam gunung Sibela pulau Bacan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah direct sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lokasi dataran rendah (20 mdpl) ditemukan 10 spesies kupu-kupu pengunjung tanaman mussaenda da
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Andrian, Rico, Devi Maharani, Meizano Ardhi Muhammad, and Akmal Junaidi. "Butterfly identification using gray level co-occurrence matrix (glcm) extraction feature and k-nearest neighbor (knn) classification." Register: Jurnal Ilmiah Teknologi Sistem Informasi 6, no. 1 (2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.26594/register.v6i1.1602.

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Gita Persada Butterfly Park is the only breeding of engineered in situ butterflies in Indonesia. It is located in Lampung and has approximately 211 species of breeding butterflies. Each species of Butterflies has a different texture on its wings. The Limited ability of the human eye to distinguishing typical textures on butterfly species is the reason for conducting a research on butterfly identification based on pattern recognition. The dataset consists of 600 images of butterfly’s upper wing from six species: Centhosia penthesilea, Papilio memnon, Papilio nephelus, Pachliopta aristolochiae,
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Kinoshita, M., and K. Arikawa. "Colour constancy in the swallowtail butterfly Papilio xuthus." Journal of Experimental Biology 203, no. 23 (2000): 3521–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.203.23.3521.

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We have recently shown that the Japanese yellow swallowtail butterfly Papilio xuthus uses colour vision when searching for food. In the field, these butterflies feed on nectar provided by flowers of various colours not only in direct sunlight but also in shaded places and on cloudy days, suggesting that they have colour constancy. Here, we tested this hypothesis. We trained newly emerged Papilio xuthus to feed on sucrose solution on a paper patch of a certain colour under white illumination. The butterflies were then tested under both white and coloured illumination. Under white illumination,
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4

Kinoshita, Michiyo, Yuki Takahashi, and Kentaro Arikawa. "Simultaneous brightness contrast of foraging Papilio butterflies." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1735 (2011): 1911–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.2396.

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This study focuses on the sense of brightness in the foraging Japanese yellow swallowtail butterfly, Papilio xuthus . We presented two red discs of different intensity on a grey background to butterflies, and trained them to select one of the discs. They were successfully trained to select either a high intensity or a low intensity disc. The trained butterflies were tested on their ability to perceive brightness in two different protocols: (i) two orange discs of different intensity presented on the same intensity grey background and (ii) two orange discs of the same intensity separately prese
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Helmiyetti, Helmiyetti, and Sri Puspita Sari. "JENIS KUPU-KUPU PAPILIONIDAE DI ZONA PENERIMA TAMAN HUTAN RAYA (TAHURA) RAJO LELO BENGKULU." Konservasi Hayati 15, no. 2 (2019): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/hayati.v1i2.10947.

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This study aims to determine the type of butterfly Papilionidae in the Receiver Zone of the Great Forest Park (GFP) Raja Lelo Bengkulu. The study was conducted in June- August 2017. Determination of the location of the study was conducted using purposive sampling and butterfly collection at each location using the roaming method. Butterfly collection is carried out at 08.00-10.00 WIB and continued in the afternoon at 15.00- 17.00 WIB, on sunny weather using insect nets. The butterflies obtained were taken to the Biology Laboratory of the Basic Science building, then stretched on a stretching b
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6

BLAND, KEITH P. "Name-bearing types of butterflies (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea), in the National Museums of Scotland, Edinburgh." Zootaxa 4559, no. 1 (2019): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4559.1.2.

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This article documents 91 species-group names of Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) for which either primary or secondary type material is present in the collections of the National Museums of Scotland, Edinburgh. The describers and the 76 nominal taxa they descibed are as follows: H. Druce (1846–1913) Euphaedra COOKSONI, Mycalesis HAROLDI; H.H. Druce (1869–1922) Cyclopides COOKSONI, Spindasis KALLIMON; H.J. Elwes (1846–1922) Parnassius delphius ssp. INFERNALIS; J.C. Fabricius (1745–1808) Papilio COCALIA (“neotype”), Papilio MARDANIA (“neotype”); H. Fruhstorfer (1866–1922) Parnassius mne
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Horváth, Gábor, József Gál, Thomas Labhart, and Rüdiger Wehner. "Does reflection polarization by plants influence colour perception in insects? Polarimetric measurements applied to a polarization-sensitive model retina ofPapiliobutterflies." Journal of Experimental Biology 205, no. 21 (2002): 3281–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.205.21.3281.

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SUMMARYUsing imaging polarimetry, we have measured some typical reflection-polarization patterns of plant surfaces (leaves and flowers) under different illuminations. Using a quantitative model to determine photon absorptions in the weakly polarization-sensitive (PS≈2)photoreceptors of Papilio butterflies, we have calculated the influence of reflection polarization on the colours of leaves and flowers perceived by Papilio. Compared with a retina containing polarization-blind colour receptors, the colour loci of specularly reflecting and, thus, strongly polarizing areas on a plant are slightly
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8

Kinoshita, Michiyo, Kei Yamazato, and Kentaro Arikawa. "Polarization-based brightness discrimination in the foraging butterfly, Papilio xuthus." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 366, no. 1565 (2011): 688–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0200.

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The human eye is insensitive to the angular direction of the light e-vector, but several animal species have the ability to discriminate differently polarized lights. How the polarization is detected is often unclear, however. Egg-laying Papilio butterflies have been shown to see false colours when presented with differently polarized lights. Here we asked whether this also holds in foraging butterflies. After training individuals to feed on nectar in front of an unpolarized spectral light, we carried out three dual-choice tests, where the discrimination of (i) the spectral content, (ii) the l
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9

Winter, C. B., and A. H. Porter. "AFLP Linkage Map of Hybridizing Swallowtail Butterflies, Papilio glaucus and Papilio canadensis." Journal of Heredity 101, no. 1 (2009): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esp067.

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Siregar, Elida Hafni, and Halim Simatupang. "INVENTARISASI KUPU-KUPU DI UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MEDAN." BIOLINK (Jurnal Biologi Lingkungan, Industri, Kesehatan) 4, no. 1 (2017): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/biolink.v4i1.968.

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This reseach aims to known the butterflies species at State University of Medan. Observation and collection of butterflies were conducted from March – April 2016 at State University of Medan. Butterflies observation conducted with scan sampling method at 09:00 to 17:00 in sunny days. This study consist of found 43 species of butterflies, belonging to 5 families, i.e. Pieridae, Papilionidae, Nymphalidae, Lycaenidae, and Hesperiidae. 15 species of butterflies are found in only one site but 2 species are found in all sites, i.e. Appias olferna and Papilio polytes.
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11

Sato, Ai, Yu Okamura, and Masashi Murakami. "Diversification and selection pattern of CYP6B genes in Japanese Papilio butterflies and their association with host plant spectra." PeerJ 8 (December 22, 2020): e10625. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10625.

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Herbivorous insects are thought to have evolved counteradaptations to conquer chemical defenses in their host plants in a stepwise co-evolutionary process. Papilio butterflies use CYP6B gene family members to metabolize furanocoumarins in their Rutaceae or Apiaceae host plants. CYP6Bs have functionally diverged among Papilio species to be able to metabolite diverse types of furanocoumarins in their host plants. In this study, we examined the diversification and selection patterns of CYP6B among nine Papilio species in Japan (eight Rutaceae specialists and one Apiaceae specialist) and their ass
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RUANGCHAI, Sukhum, Sirikamon PHLAI-NGAM, and Nisarat TUNGPAIROJWONG. "Species Diversity and Structure of Wing Scales of Euploea and Papilio Butterflies from Phromlaeng, Nam Nao National Park, Phetchabun Province." Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST) 17, no. 3 (2018): 167–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/wjst.2020.4097.

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This study focuses on species diversity of butterflies in the genera Euploea and Papilio in Nam Nao National Park. The butterflies were investigated every month for one year using insect nets. A total of 11 species, belonging to 2 genera and 2 families, were found. These were E. algea, E. camaralzeman, E. core, E. midamus, E. mulciber, E. radamanthus, E. sylvester, P. helenus, P. memnon, P. nephelus, and P. paris. The structure of the wing scales in different colour areas of 9 species was studied using a stereo microscope and a scanning electron microscope. The general structure of the wing sc
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Naik, Deepak, and Mohammed S. Mustak. "A checklist of butterflies of Dakshina Kannada District, Karnataka, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 8, no. 12 (2016): 9491. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.3066.8.12.9491-9504.

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In a preliminary study on the butterflies of Dakshina Kannada District, located in the southwestern part of the Karnataka along the Western Ghats in Karnataka State in India, a total of 172 species of butterflies belonging to 117 genera, from six families was prepared by visiting various landscapes during the period September 2012 to December 2015. Of the various species recorded, Papilio clytia (Linnaeus), Papilio lio medon (Moore), Pachlio ptahector (Linnaeus), Castalius rosimon (Fabricius), Acytolepis puspa (Horsefield), Lethe europa (Fabricius), Neptis jumbah (Moore), Dophlae velina (Stoll
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Shihan, Tahsinur Rahman. "Records of new larval host plants of some common butterflies of Bangladesh." Journal of Threatened Taxa 10, no. 2 (2018): 11303. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.3217.10.2.11303-11311.

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This paper presents the record of Clausena heptaphylla (Roxburgh) Wright & Arn. (Rutaceae) as a new larval host plant for Papilio polytes Linnaeus, 1758 and Papilio demoleus Linnaeus, 1758 (Papilionidae). Ravenia spectabilis Engl. (Rutaceae) for Papilio demoleus Linnaeus, 1758 (Papilionidae). Hemigraphis hirta (Vahl) T. Anders. (Acanthaceae) is the new recorded host for Junonia almana (Linnaeus, 1758) and Junonia lemonis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Nymphalidae) from Chuadanga, Bangladesh.
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15

Tam, H. L., K. W. Cheah, David T. P. Goh, and Joseph K. L. Goh. "Iridescence and nano-structure differences in Papilio butterflies." Optical Materials Express 3, no. 8 (2013): 1087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ome.3.001087.

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16

Kinoshita, M., N. Shimada, and K. Arikawa. "Colour vision of the foraging swallowtail butterfly papilio xuthus." Journal of Experimental Biology 202, no. 2 (1999): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.202.2.95.

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This paper demonstrates that foraging summer-form females of the Japanese yellow swallowtail butterfly Papilio xuthus have colour vision. The butterflies were trained to feed on sucrose solution placed on a disk of a particular colour in a cage set in the laboratory. After a few such training runs, a butterfly was presented with the training colour randomly positioned within an array of disks of other colours, but with no sucrose solution. The results indicate that the butterflies learn rapidly to select the training colour reliably among different colours. The training colour was also correct
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17

Kelber, Almut, Christel Thunell, and Kentaro Arikawa. "Polarisation-dependent colour vision inPapiliobutterflies." Journal of Experimental Biology 204, no. 14 (2001): 2469–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.204.14.2469.

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SUMMARYButterflies of the genus Papilio have polarisation-sensitive photoreceptors in all regions of the eye, and different spectral types of receptor are sensitive to different e-vector orientations. We have studied the consequences of this eye design for colour vision in behavioural tests and find that Papilio spp. see false colours due to the polarisation of light. They discriminate between vertically and horizontally polarised light of the same colour in the contexts of oviposition and feeding. The discrimination depends on the spectral composition of the stimuli. In the blue and probably
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18

Wakakuwa, M. "Immunohistochemical localization of Papilio RBP in the eye of butterflies." Journal of Experimental Biology 207, no. 9 (2004): 1479–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.00913.

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19

Snegovaya, N. Y., and V. A. Petrov. "A catalogue of butterflies (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera) of Azerbaijan." Acta Biologica Sibirica 5, no. 3 (2019): 62–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/abs.v5.i3.6433.

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An annotated list of butterflies from Azerbaijan, containing 280 species, is presented. The classification and nomenclature in this work are accepted according to the key of Korb & Bolshakov (2016). The full list of species composition of butterflies of Azerbaijan numbering 280 species for today is presented for the first time, and it was supplemented by new materials collected by the first author from 2012 to 2019. We came up with the list of the total species composition of butterflies in Azerbaijan, which currently includes 280 species from 6 families (Hesperiidae - 37, Papilionidae - 1
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Sari, Dian Ratna, Mochamad Hadi, and Rully Rahadian. "Kelimpahan dan Keanekaragaman Kupu-kupu di Kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Merbabu, Jawa Tengah." Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 18, no. 2 (2016): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/bioma.18.2.173-179.

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Butterflies are insects that have very important role in the ecosystem, they are as a pollinator of plants. Butterfly also can be used as a bio-indicator of environmental quality. This study aims to determine the species abundance and diversity of butterflies in the area of Merbabu Mountain National Park. This research was conducted in September and November 2016 in four habitat types, i.e., mixed forests, pine forests, mountain forests and streams. The study was conducted using a purposive sampling method. The data analysis used abundance index and diversity index. There are 454 individuals w
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Dupuis, Julian R., and Felix A. H. Sperling. "Repeated Reticulate Evolution in North American Papilio machaon Group Swallowtail Butterflies." PLOS ONE 10, no. 10 (2015): e0141882. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0141882.

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CLARKE, Sir CYRIL (A )., and TORBEN B. LARSEN. "Speciation problems in the Papilio machaon group of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)." Systematic Entomology 11, no. 2 (1986): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1986.tb00175.x.

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Inoue, Takashi A., Fumiko Yukuhiro, Tamako Hata, Shin-ichi Yamagami, and Fumio Yokohari. "Ammonia as a puddling site-marshaling substance for Japanese Papilio butterflies." Chemoecology 29, no. 4 (2019): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00049-019-00284-2.

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Ilhamdi, Mohammad Liwa, Agil Al Idrus, and Didik Santoso. "Diversity of Species and Conservation Priority of Butterfly at Suranadi Natural Park of West Lombok, Indonesia." Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education 10, no. 1 (2018): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v9i3.10695.

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Butterflies play an important role in the ecosystem of Suranadi Natural Park in West Lombok. Butterflies help preserving the existence and diversity of flora by facilitating the process of pollination so it is crucial for flowering plants. The present study aimed at analyzing the diversity and determining the priority of butterfly conservation at Suranadi Natural Park of West Lombok. This exploration is a descriptive study. Data were observed in four-time repetition in the morning and in the afternoon for two months. The sweeping net technique following observation path was employed in this re
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Yepishin, V. V. "The Butterflies (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) of Fastiv district (Kyiv Region, Ukraine)." Ukrainian Entomological Journal 15, no. 2 (2019): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/281812.

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The results of faunistic research on butterflies carried out at 2011–2018 on the territory of Fastiv District are presented. Thus, 71 species from 50 genera and 6 families are recorded over the years of research. The number of identified species constitutes 56,1% of the fauna of Kyiv Region and 37,2% of the fauna of Ukraine. Three species, Iphiclides podalirius (Linnaeus, 1758), Papilio machaon Linnaeus, 1758 (family Papilionidae) and Hamearis lucina (Linnaeus, 1758) (family Riodinidae), are included in the Red Data Book of Ukraine. Iphiclides podalirius (Linnaeus, 1758) was abundant and frequ
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Inoue, Takashi A., Tetsuo Ito, Hiroshi Hagiya, et al. "K+ Excretion: The Other Purpose for Puddling Behavior in Japanese Papilio Butterflies." PLOS ONE 10, no. 5 (2015): e0126632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0126632.

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Otis, G. W., B. Locke, N. G. McKenzie, et al. "Local Enhancement in Mud-Puddling Swallowtail Butterflies (Battus philenor and Papilio glaucus)." Journal of Insect Behavior 19, no. 6 (2006): 685–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10905-006-9049-9.

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IRUNGBAM, JATISHWOR SINGH, LAISHRAM RICKY MEITEI, HARMENN HUIDROM, et al. "AN INVENTORY OF THE BUTTERFLIES OF MANIPUR, INDIA (INSECTA: LEPIDOPTERA)." Zootaxa 4882, no. 1 (2020): 1–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4882.1.1.

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The butterfly fauna of Manipur is poorly known, and a few sporadic studies were carried out decades ago. In this study, butterflies were photographed and/or collected in 80 localities including revisiting of 12 historical localities in the hills and valleys from Manipur state, India. Butterflies were regularly sampled between 2010 and 2019. In the present checklist, we have included both previously published and recently recorded species: 798 species belong to six families; Papilionidae (52 sp.), Pieridae (39 sp.), Riodinidae (17 sp.), Lycaenidae (225 sp.), Nymphalidae (270 sp.), and Hesperiid
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Sperling, Felix A. H. "MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PHYLOGENY OF THE PAPILIO MACHAON SPECIES GROUP (LEPIDOPTERA: PAPILIONIDAE)." Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 125, S165 (1993): 233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/entm125165233-1.

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AbstractIn swallowtail butterflies of the Papilio machaon species group, mitochondrial (mt) DNA divergence has allowed speciation and adaptation to be understood more precisely. The reconstructed phylogeny of mtDNA of the P. machaon group is largely congruent with prior systematic hypotheses based on allozymes and color pattern. Genetic divergences of mtDNA support use of broad, character-based species concepts for the P. machaon group, and allow inferences regarding the origin of hybrid populations. The mtDNA phylogeny provides a guide for evolutionarily appropriate comparisons in studies of
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Kumar, Ashok. "A report on the Butterflies in Jhansi (U.P.) India." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 4, no. 1 (2012): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v4i1.221.

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The city Jhansi is famous for the fort, gardens and surrounding hilly areas. These gardens and hilly areas have supported for butterflies and other insects. The butterflies are essential part of any natural ecosystem as their adults performs pollination. They are highly mobile organism and are able to maintain connectivity between the fragmental habitats. The larval stages are herbivorous and cause economic damage but adult are beneficial as pollinators of several trees and herbaceous flora. They are vulnerable to changes in flower supply resulting fromdeforestation and environmental pollution
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Sondhi, Sanjay, Balakrishnan Valappil, and Vidya Venkatesh. "A second report on butterflies (Lepidoptera) from Ladakh Union Territory and Lahaul, Himachal Pradesh, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 12, no. 8 (2020): 15817–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.5606.12.8.15817-15827.

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Additional butterfly records and natural history observations are reported from a two-week survey of butterflies in Ladakh and Lahaul in the inner Himalaya in Ladakh Union Territory, and Himachal Pradesh in August 2018. These records follow an earlier report from a two-week survey in June–July 2016, and reports 10 species not sighted during the previous survey. Observations on early stages of Pieris deota, Aglais ladakensis, and Papilio machaon ladakensis are reported, as well as a mass emergence of Parnassius epaphus. 
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Ômura, Hisashi, Nanako Yanai, and Keiichi Honda. "Sexual Dimorphism in Scent Substances and Cuticular Lipids of Adult Papilio protenor Butterflies." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 67 (2012): 0331. http://dx.doi.org/10.5560/znc.2012.67c0331.

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Dupuis, Julian R., Boyd A. Mori, and Felix A. H. Sperling. "Trogus parasitoids of Papilio butterflies undergo extended diapause in western Canada (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae)." Journal of Hymenoptera Research 50 (June 27, 2016): 179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.50.9158.

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Diao, Ying-Ying, and Xiang-Yang Liu. "Mysterious coloring: structural origin of color mixing for two breeds of Papilio butterflies." Optics Express 19, no. 10 (2011): 9232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.19.009232.

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Ômura, Hisashi, Nanako Yanai, and Keiichi Honda. "Sexual Dimorphism in Scent Substances and Cuticular Lipids of Adult Papilio protenor Butterflies." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 67, no. 5-6 (2012): 331–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2012-5-614.

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Adults of Papilio protenor demetrius emit a faint odour; the male odour is notably stronger than that of the females. The extracts of whole individuals of each sex comprised 53 compounds regarded as cuticular lipid components, of which the 17 major compounds were straight-chain alkanes and alkenes with 23 - 31 carbon atoms, higher fatty acids, long-chain aliphatic ketones, squalene, and cholesterol. However, highly volatile compounds were not detected in the whole individual extracts. Eight of the 17 major compounds showed a significant sex difference in relative abundance per individual. Prin
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Scriber, J. Mark, Robert H. Hagen, and Robert C. Lederhouse. "GENETICS OF MIMICRY IN THE TIGER SWALLOWTAIL BUTTERFLIES,PAPILIO GLAUCUSANDP. CANADENSIS(LEPIDOPTERA: PAPILIONIDAE)." Evolution 50, no. 1 (1996): 222–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1996.tb04487.x.

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Inoue, Takashi A., Tamako Hata, Kiyoshi Asaoka, et al. "Japanese Papilio butterflies puddle using Na+ detected by contact chemosensilla in the proboscis." Naturwissenschaften 99, no. 12 (2012): 985–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00114-012-0976-3.

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Jeng, Ming-Luen, Ming-Yu Chen, and Li-Wei Wu. "Two complete mitochondrial genomes of Papilio butterflies obtained from historical specimens (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)." Mitochondrial DNA Part B 6, no. 4 (2021): 1341–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2021.1909443.

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SUMMERS, CHRISTOPHER J., DAVY P. GAILLOT, MATIJA CRNE, et al. "INVESTIGATIONS AND MIMICRY OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF BUTTERFLY WINGS." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 19, no. 03 (2010): 489–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863510005339.

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Structural color in Nature has been observed in plants, insects and birds, and has led to a strong interest in these phenomena and a desire to understand the mechanisms responsible. Of particular interest are the optical properties of butterflies. In this paper, we review three investigations inspired by the unique optical properties exhibited in a variety of butterfly wings. In the first investigation, conformal atomic layer depositions (ALDs) were used to exploit biologically defined 2D photonic crystal (PC) templates of Papilio blumei with the purpose of increasing the understanding of the
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Lederhouse, Robert C., Matthew P. Ayres, James K. Nitao, and J. Mark Scriber. "Differential Use of Lauraceous Hosts by Swallowtail Butterflies, Papilio troilus and P. palamedes (Papilionidae)." Oikos 63, no. 2 (1992): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3545384.

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Westwood, J. "XX. On the Papilio Telamon of Donovan, with Descriptions of two other Eustern Butterflies." Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 6, no. 6 (2009): 173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1851.tb02495.x.

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42

Ômura, Hisashi, Yutaro Morozumi, Taro Noguchi, and Shinji Ohta. "Variation in cuticular lipid profiles of black butterflies of the genus Papilio in Japan." Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 96 (June 2021): 104265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2021.104265.

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ABADJIEV, STANISLAV, and MARIO LANGOUROV. "The type specimens of Papilionoidea in the collection of the National Museum of Natural History, Sofia (Lepidoptera)." Zootaxa 4790, no. 3 (2020): 473–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4790.3.3.

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This paper comprises a catalogue of the type material of true butterflies (Papilionoidea) kept in the National Museum of Natural History at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences in Sofia. The collection contains types of nine nominal species group taxa, described by S. Abadjiev, S. Beshkov, I. Buresch, H. Rebel, and K. Tuleschkow. Lectotypes have been designated for Colias myrmidone balcanica Rebel, 1901, Erebia tyndarus macedonica Buresch, 1919, E. gorge pirinica Buresch, 1919, Euchloe gruneri macedonica Buresch, 1921, Sathyrus [sic] arethusa strumata Buresch, 1919, and Doritis apollinus var. thr
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Yoshida, Mina, Yuki Itoh, Hisashi Ômura, Kentaro Arikawa, and Michiyo Kinoshita. "Plant scents modify innate colour preference in foraging swallowtail butterflies." Biology Letters 11, no. 7 (2015): 20150390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2015.0390.

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Flower-visiting insects exhibit innate preferences for particular colours. A previous study demonstrated that naive Papilio xuthus females prefer yellow and red, whereas males are more attracted to blue. Here, we demonstrate that the innate colour preference can be modified by olfactory stimuli in a sexually dimorphic manner. Naive P. xuthus were presented with four coloured discs: blue, green, yellow and red. The innate colour preference (i.e. the colour first landed on) of the majority of individuals was blue. When scent from essential oils of either orange flower or lily was introduced to t
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Arikawa, K., and D. Stavenga. "Random array of colour filters in the eyes of butterflies." Journal of Experimental Biology 200, no. 19 (1997): 2501–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.200.19.2501.

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The compound eye of the Japanese yellow swallowtail butterfly Papilio xuthus is not uniform. In a combined histological, electrophysiological and optical study, we found that the eye of P. xuthus has at least three different types of ommatidia, in a random distribution. In each ommatidium, nine photoreceptors contribute microvilli to the rhabdom. The distal two-thirds of the rhabdom length is taken up by the rhabdomeres of photoreceptors R1­R4. The proximal third consists of rhabdomeres of photoreceptors R5­R8, except for the very basal part, to which photoreceptor R9 contribut
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BALLETTO, EMILIO, FRANCESCA BARBERO, SIMONA BONELLI, LUCA P. CASACCI, and LEONARDO DAPPORTO. "Stabilisation of some names of European butterflies (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) in their prevailing usage." Zootaxa 4780, no. 2 (2020): 387–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4780.2.11.

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To stabilise nomenclature in its prevailing usage, the authors designate three lectotypes, respectively for the nominal taxa Pontia daplidice race nitida Verity, 1908 (Museo di Storia naturale della Università di Firenze, sezione di Zoologia, ‘La Specola’ MZUF), for Euchloe crameri Butler, 1869 (Natural History Museum UK, NHMUK) and for Euchloe ausonia var. esperi Kirby, 1871 (National Museum of Ireland, NMI). They also designate two neotypes, respectively for [Papilio] ausonia Hübner, [1804] (MZUF) and for Pontia simplonia Freyer, 1829 (Jura Museum, Eichstätt, JME).
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Kelber, A. "Ovipositing butterflies use a red receptor to see green." Journal of Experimental Biology 202, no. 19 (1999): 2619–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.202.19.2619.

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Swallowtail butterflies of the species Papilio aegeus oviposit on the leaves of Rutaceae plants in Australia. They possess receptor types with sensitivity peaks around 390 nm (violet receptor) and 610 nm (red receptor), in addition to the receptor types common in insects with sensitivity peaks at 360 nm (ultraviolet receptor), 440 nm (blue receptor) and 540 nm (green receptor). Multiple- and dual-choice experiments show that females of P. aegeus prefer to oviposit on substrata that look green to humans. A class of simple models is developed to describe this choice behaviour in terms of linear
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Kitamura, Tasuku, and Michio Imafuku. "Behavioural mimicry in flight path of Batesian intraspecific polymorphic butterfly Papilio polytes." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1809 (2015): 20150483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.0483.

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Batesian mimics that show similar coloration to unpalatable models gain a fitness advantage of reduced predation. Beyond physical similarity, mimics often exhibit behaviour similar to their models, further enhancing their protection against predation by mimicking not only the model's physical appearance but also activity. In butterflies, there is a strong correlation between palatability and flight velocity, but there is only weak correlation between palatability and flight path. Little is known about how Batesian mimics fly. Here, we explored the flight behaviour of four butterfly species/mor
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Sperling, Felix A. H., and Richard G. Harrison. "Mitochondrial DNA Variation Within and between Species of the Papilio machaon Group of Swallowtail Butterflies." Evolution 48, no. 2 (1994): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2410101.

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Scriber, J. Mark, Robert H. Hagen, and Robert C. Lederhouse. "Genetics of Mimicry in the Tiger Swallowtail Butterflies, Papilio glaucus and P. canadensis (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)." Evolution 50, no. 1 (1996): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2410795.

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