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Journal articles on the topic 'Papua New Guinean'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 August 2024

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1

Miyata, Ryo, Mikina Matsui, and Shigenori Kumazawa. "Component Analysis of Propolis from Papua New Guinea." HAYATI Journal of Biosciences 29, no. 4 (April 19, 2022): 526–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4308/hjb.29.4.526-530.

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Propolis is an aggregate of functional components found in plant resins and has been reported to exhibit valuable biological activities. This study investigated the components and antioxidant activity of propolis from Papua New Guinea. In component analysis, seven known compounds, 6-deoxyhaplopinol (1), 5-formylguaiacol (2), trans-caffeic acid (3), cis-caffeic acid (4), trans-ferulic acid (5), trans-p-coumaric acid (6), and L-kaempferitrin (7), were isolated and identified from Papua New Guinean propolis. The structure of 1 was confirmed by comparing the 13C NMR chemical shifts of the isolated and synthesized compounds. Based on component analysis, Papua New Guinean propolis may be a new type of propolis. The EtOH extracts of Papua New Guinean propolis exhibited antioxidant activity comparable to that of Baccharis and Populus propolis. This study demonstrated the potential of Papua New Guinean propolis in human health maintenance.

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2

Kalinoe, Kulasumb. "‘Decolonising’ Tropical Collections: Cultural Material from Papua New Guinea in Museums." eTropic: electronic journal of studies in the Tropics 22, no. 1 (July 3, 2023): 215–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.25120/etropic.22.1.2023.3983.

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Museums are western institutions that house the remnants of colonisation. They are fraught institutions in which cultural heritage issues arise due to the differences in western and indigenous societies. Most tropical collections were acquired during colonisation through unjust means by government administrators, missionaries, and dealers. In more recent times the ‘decolonisation’ of museums has begun, with developing nations and source communities demanding the repatriation and restitution of their cultural material from museums. This signifies political redress and self-determination from the effects of colonisation on former colonised nations and those that are still experiencing colonial occupation. This paper focuses on the collection and removal of cultural material from Papua New Guinea (PNG) during the colonial era. The paper discusses views among the Papua New Guinean diaspora in Australia on museums and PNG collections, and argues that cultural heritage issues must be addressed before the work of decolonisation can begin. Museums that house Papua New Guinean collections must follow the cultural protocols of the relevant Papua New Guinean source communities. Decolonisation will require an overhaul of the western museum structure and principles, and Papua New Guinean vision, values and voices must be at the forefront of this work.

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3

André, Mathilde, Nicolas Brucato, Sébastien Plutniak, Jason Kariwiga, John Muke, Adeline Morez, Matthew Leavesley, Mayukh Mondal, and François-Xavier Ricaut. "Phenotypic differences between highlanders and lowlanders in Papua New Guinea." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 21, 2021): e0253921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253921.

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Objectives Altitude is one of the most demanding environmental pressures for human populations. Highlanders from Asia, America and Africa have been shown to exhibit different biological adaptations, but Oceanian populations remain understudied [Woolcock et al., 1972; Cotes et al., 1974; Senn et al., 2010]. We tested the hypothesis that highlanders phenotypically differ from lowlanders in Papua New Guinea, as a result of inhabiting the highest mountains in Oceania for at least 20,000 years. Materials and methods We collected data for 13 different phenotypes related to altitude for 162 Papua New Guineans living at high altitude (Mont Wilhelm, 2,300–2,700 m above sea level (a.s.l.) and low altitude (Daru, <100m a.s.l.). Multilinear regressions were performed to detect differences between highlanders and lowlanders for phenotypic measurements related to body proportions, pulmonary function, and the circulatory system. Results Six phenotypes were significantly different between Papua New Guinean highlanders and lowlanders. Highlanders show shorter height (p-value = 0.001), smaller waist circumference (p-value = 0.002), larger Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) (p-value = 0.008), larger maximal (p-value = 3.20e -4) and minimal chest depth (p-value = 2.37e -5) and higher haemoglobin concentration (p-value = 3.36e -4). Discussion Our study reports specific phenotypes in Papua New Guinean highlanders potentially related to altitude adaptation. Similar to other human groups adapted to high altitude, the evolutionary history of Papua New Guineans appears to have also followed an adaptive biological strategy for altitude.

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4

WHITE, WILLIAM T., and ALFRED KO’OU. "An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of Papua New Guinea." Zootaxa 4411, no. 1 (April 19, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4411.1.1.

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An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyan fishes (sharks, rays, and chimaeras) of Papua New Guinean waters is herein presented. The checklist is the result of a large biodiversity study on the chondrichthyan fauna of Papua New Guinea between 2013 and 2017. The chondrichthyan fauna of Papua New Guinea has historically been very poorly known due to a lack of baseline information and limited deepwater exploration. A total of 131 species, comprising 36 families and 68 genera, were recorded. The most speciose families are the Carcharhinidae with 29 species and the Dasyatidae with 23 species. Verified voucher material from various biological collections around the world are provided, with a total of 687 lots recorded comprising 574 whole specimens, 128 sets of jaws and 21 sawfish rostra. This represents the first detailed, verified checklist of chondrichthyans from Papua New Guinean waters.

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5

Khosla, Vipul, and Lyndal Rowlands. "Opportunities for development journalism in Papua New Guinea." Pacific Journalism Review 20, no. 2 (December 31, 2014): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v20i2.168.

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The Social Journalism Awards (SJA) is a journalism exchange programme providing Papua New Guinean journalists with opportunities to report on development issues. This article draws on information collected from SJA participants, and analysis of the media content they produced, to gather insights into development journalism in Papua New Guinea. The study found that Papua New Guinean journalists are interested in reporting on development issues but they lack appropriate opportunities to do so. The main issues facing Papua New Guinean journalists include few opportunities to report on issues outside the national capital; few professional development or training opportunities; few opportunities to report on development issues, particularly those affecting the rural poor; conflicts of interest for media owners including the government and foreign corporations with mining interests; and low pay within the industry. The study showed that when given appropriate opportunities, PNG journalists can contribute to development and democracy in meaningful ways. The article concludes that it is important for media indices to go beyond procedural freedoms and to measure substantive freedoms, or opportunities, available to journalists.

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6

Moss, Tristan. "‘Fuzzy Wuzzy’ soldiers: Race and Papua New Guinean soldiers in the Australian Army, 1940–60." War in History 29, no. 2 (April 2022): 467–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09683445211000375.

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This article examines the most militarily important indigenous units formed by Australia, arguing that racially based assumptions played a central role in how Papua New Guinean soldiers were conceptualized and used by the Australian Army during the 1940s and 1950s. Equally, while the perception of Papua New Guinean soldiers was heavily racialized, there was no construction of a martial race myth by Australians, in contrast to many colonial armies. Instead, Australia reluctantly recruited Papua New Guineans as a form of cheap manpower familiar with local conditions and saw them as simple soldiers who were potentially a threat to colonial rule.

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7

Ilmi, Muhammad Sandy. "The Legitimacy of Bougainville Secession from Papua New Guinea." Jurnal Sentris 2, no. 1 (May 7, 2021): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/sentris.v2i1.4564.59-72.

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What started as a movement to demand a distributive justice in mining revenue in Bougainville, Papua New Guinea, the conflict turned into the struggle for secession. From 1970’s the demand for secession have been rife and despite early agreement for more autonomy and more mining revenue for the autonomous region, the demand never faded. Under Francis Ona’s Bougainville Revolutionary Army, the movement take a new heights. Bougainville Revolutionary Army took coercive measure to push the government to acknowledge their demands by taking over the mine at Panguna. Papua New Guinean government response was also combative and further exacerbate the issue. Papua New Guinean Defense Force involvement adding the issue of human rights into the discourse. This paper will seek to analyze the normative question surrounding the legitimacy of the right to secession in Bougainville Island. The protracted conflict has halted any form of development in the once the most prosperous province of Papua New Guinea and should Bougainville Island become independent, several challenges will be waiting for Bougainvilleans.

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8

Simoncini, Kym, Hilary Smith, and Lara Cain Gray. "Culturally relevant reading books for Papua New Guinean children: Their reading rights and preferences." Australasian Journal of Early Childhood 45, no. 4 (October 22, 2020): 348–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1836939120966091.

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Children have a right both to read and to see their lives mirrored in books. In this study we explored young Papua New Guinean children’s reading preferences of 500 digital books. The books were created as part of a large project aimed at improving elementary (Preparatory to Year 2) children’s literacy skills in Papua New Guinea. Reading materials are scarce in Papua New Guinea and typically offer children windows into other contexts. This was addressed through a collaborative approach with Papua New Guinean and international writers to develop culturally relevant books. Dashboard data from the digital library showing the 25 Most Read Books were collected from 321 girls and 369 boys in 7 pilot schools. The findings indicated that the children preferred fiction books that were culturally specific. There were no statistically significant gender differences in book choice. The findings from this study can help education departments and non-government organisations in the further development of children’s books that will motivate children to read.

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9

Barnett-Naghshineh, Olivia. "What women want: Fashion, morality and gendered subjectivities in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea." Critical Studies in Fashion & Beauty 12, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 67–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/csfb_00021_1.

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This article brings Papua New Guinean women’s perspectives on fashion, gender and morality into conversation with questions of colonial histories and global consumerism. The article shows that adherence to social norms is policed by women in the public sphere and that one person’s choices are enmeshed in ideas of responsibility and obligation to others. Increasingly, younger generations of women believe it is an individual woman’s right to wear what she wants in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Yet young women confront their peers in much the same way older women do. What women wear in PNG is embroiled in ideas of collective morality; plays out at intersections of class, age, race and gender; and demonstrates tensions between ideas of autonomy and collectivity. On whose terms do contemporary Papua New Guinean women get to decide how to dress: their own, or in accordance with community norms and standards? What are the contemporary and historical contexts of whiteness and colonial power that have influenced these norms and standards? This article brings together the experiences and perspective of a young professional Papua New Guinean woman, and her relatives, in dialogue with a young English–Iranian woman anthropologist.

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10

Bell, RS, PW Channells, JW MacFarlane, R. Moore, and BF Phillips. "Movements and breeding of the ornate rock lobster, Panulirus ornatus, in Torres Strait and on the north-east coast of Queensland." Marine and Freshwater Research 38, no. 2 (1987): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9870197.

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The principal biological question examined by the investigation was whether the resource of P. ornatus fished in Papua New Guinean waters was the same as that fished in Australian waters. In all, 11 932 specimens of Panulirus ornatus were tagged in Torres Strait and on the north-east coast of Queensland over a 3-year period from February 1980 to March 1983. By June 1984, 300 tagged P. ornatus had been recaptured. Of the 9632 P. ornatus tagged on the east coast of Queensland, none was recaptured in Torres Strait, while most of the 24 recaptures showing movements occurred to the south of the tagging sites. Of the 2300 P. ornatus tagged in Torres Strait, 8 were recaptured at sites to the north-east of the tagging sites in September and October 1980, coincident with the annual breeding emigration of P. ornatus from reefs in Papua New Guinean waters in northern Torres Strait, across the Gulf of Papua to breeding grounds near Yule Island. Results of this tagging study showed that P. ornatus from western Torres Strait also emigrate into Papuan New Guinean waters, where they are fished by both Australian and Papua New Guinean fishermen. However, recapture data also indicated that the population of P. ornatus in south-east Torres Strait and on the east coast of Queensland does not take part in this breeding emigration and may be a separate resource. During the study, 39 berried female P. ornatus were found on the north-east coast of Queensland but none in Torres Strait. The breeding stock near Yule Island may be the source of recruitment to both the Torres Strait and north-east coastal Queensland fisheries.

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11

Thomas, Verena. "Yumi Piksa – Developing a community-responsive way of filmmaking in Melanesia." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 17, no. 2 (October 31, 2011): 27–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v17i2.350.

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This article explores the collaborative application of media and arts-based research practices involving students from the University of Goroka (Papua New Guinea) as co-researchers. It critically examines the processes of developing a community-responsive approach to filmmaking in order to challenge preconceived notions of media and research practice in Papua New Guinea. The analysis draws on results from a film workshop run at the University of Goroka over a duration of six weeks through which a team designed a Melanesian approach to filmmaking practice. The research study found that stereotypical perceptions and understandings of Papua New Guinea communities could be challenged by respectful and community-responsive ways of making films involving local community members. It presents filmmaking as creating a meaningful space for exploring community relations and practices. Papua New Guinean co-researchers acted to bridge dialogue between rural communities, media technologies and the national and transnational media sphere.

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12

Preston, Rosemary. "Refugees in Papua New Guinea: Government Response and Assistance, 1984–1988." International Migration Review 26, no. 3 (September 1992): 843–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839202600305.

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Melanesian West Papuans have been seeking refuge in Papua New Guinea since Indonesia annexed the province of Irian Jaya in 1962. The slowness of the Papua New Guinean government to respond to the 12,000 who crossed the border in 1984 paved the way for subsequent policy of minimal assistance so as not to jeopardize national security, by antagonizing Indonesia or by exacerbating the jealously of local people. As in other places, the long-term effect for refugees is likely to be social and economic marginalization, combined with insecure residential status.

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13

Duckhouse, DA. "A revision of Australopapuan and New Caledonian Brunettia (Diptera, Psychodidae)." Invertebrate Systematics 4, no. 5 (1990): 973. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/it9900973.

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Brunettia Annandale (sensu Duckhouse 1966) has previously been known in Australopapua from thirty-three species, comprising twenty-eight from Papua-New Guinea, but only five from Australia, all in the southern states. This anomaly is now removed with the description of seventeen new species from Queensland and the Northern Territory, showing that the major evolutionary centre extends from Papua-New Guinea far into northern Australia, and that the southern species are not in reality separated by a disjunction. Three new species are also described from southern Australia, two from New Guinea, and two from New Caledonia (the first from this island). The phylogenetic importance of Brunettia is especially due to the inclusion in it of taxa that are cladistically basal and annectant, nearly all Australopapuan. The mix of tribal, generic, subgeneric and species characters found in earlier descriptions is ordered into a strict hierarchical sequence, and Brunettia is divided into seven subgenera — Brunettia, s. str., Plesiobrunettia, subg. nov., Atrichobrunettia Satchell, Maurobrunettia, subg. nov., Campanulobrunettia, subg. nov., Horobrunettia, subg. nov., and Mrrousiella Vaillant, stat. nov., this last resurrected from synonymy with Atrichobrunettia. Of these, Maurobrunettia occurs in northern Australia, Plesiobrunettia is New Guinean, Campanulobrunettia and Atrrchobrunettia are Australopapuan, and Horobrunettia is mainly Australopapuan but has one species in the Philippines. Brunettia s. str. is more widely distributed, but extensively diversified in Papua-New Guinea, and Mirousiella is European. The ten Papua-New Guinean species placed by Quate & Quate (1967) in Atrichobrunettia are transferred into the various subgenera of Brunettia (combs. nov.), and their Brunettia species are also assorted into these subgenera. New keys are provided covering all Australopapuan Brunettia species. The genealogical status of Mormiini and Maruinini are discussed. It is concluded that because Mormiini are an offshoot of the Maruinini, the Maruinini are paraphyletic, but that this defect cannot be overcome until more is known of maruinine phylogeny.

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14

Kanekane, Joe. "REVIEW: Fanning the flames of PNG writing." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 4, no. 1 (November 1, 1997): 163–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v4i1.633.

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Review of A Medal Without Honour, by Nash Gegera Sorariba. Port Moresby: University of Papua New Guinea Press. One of the biggest concerns about Papua New Guinean writing over the years has been the ability by prominent authors to have some form of consistency. Prominent writers have emerged into the circles of brilliance with their unique and talented work, but over the years nothing has been made tangible by them to maintain some level of continuity.

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Haay, Happy Alyzhya, Suryasatriya Trihandaru, and Bambang Susanto. "INTRODUCTION OF PAPUAN AND PAPUA NEW GUINEAN FACE PAINTING USING A CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK." BAREKENG: Jurnal Ilmu Matematika dan Terapan 17, no. 1 (April 16, 2023): 0211–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/barekengvol17iss1pp0211-0224.

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In this research, the face painting recognition of Papua and Papua New Guinea was identified using the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). This CNN method is one of the deep learning that is very well known and widely used in face recognition. The best training process model is obtained using the CNN architecture, namely ResNet-50, VGG-16, and VGG-19. The results obtained from the training model obtained an accuracy of 80.57% for the ResNet-50 model, 100% for the VGG-16 model, and 99.57% for the VGG-19 model. After the training process, predictions were continued using architectural models with test data. The prediction results obtained show that the accuracy of the ResNet-50 model is 0.70, the VGG-16 model is 0.82, and the VGG-19 model is 0.83. It means that the CNN architectural model that has the best performance in making predictions in identifying the recognition of Papua and Papua New Guinea's face painting is the VGG-19 model because the accuracy value obtained is 0.83.

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Robie, David. "Ross Stevens and Uni Tavur: A Kiwi publishing legacy among wantoks." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 10, no. 2 (October 11, 2019): 153–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v10i2.811.

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A pilot training project for Papua New Guinean journalists in New Zealand in 1974 ended as a failure. This led to a five-year New Zealand Government aid scheme to establish the South Pacific's first journalism school at the national University of Papua New Guinea in 1975. New Zealand journalist and broadcaster Ross Stevens was the founding lecturer and his legacy included Uni Tavur, the region's first independent newspaper produced by student journalists under an innovative ownership editing model. The UPNG programme educated a generation of journalists in Papua New Guinea and today PNG journalists have the higest level of tertiary education and training in the Pacific. The experience also had a profound impact on the traditions of free speech and journalism training for the rest of the Pacific region. This article examines the contribution made by the late Stevens and how the country's political pressures have impacted on his legacy.

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WILLIAMS, DAVID J., MARK O'SHEA, ROLAND L. DAGUERRE, CATHARINE E. POOK, WOLFGANG WÜSTER, CHRISTOPHER J. HAYDEN, JOHN D. MCVAY, et al. "Origin of the eastern brownsnake, Pseudonaja textilis (Dumeril, Bibron and Dumeril) (Serpentes: Elapidae: Hydrophiinae) in New Guinea: evidence of multiple dispersals from Australia, and comments on the status of Pseudonaja textilis pughi Hoser 2003." Zootaxa 1703, no. 1 (February 13, 2008): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1703.1.3.

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Pseudonaja textilis is a widespread and common snake in eastern parts of Australia, but its distribution in New Guinea is poorly understood, and the origin of the New Guinea populations and its timing have been the subject of much speculation. Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences from three New Guinea populations of P. textilis indicates that New Guinea was colonised from two independent eastern and western migration routes most likely in the Pleistocene. One dispersal event from northern Queensland led to the populations in eastern New Guinea (Milne Bay, Oro and Central Provinces, Papua New Guinea), whereas another, from Arnhem Land to central southern New Guinea, led to the populations from the Merauke area, Indonesian Papua. The results are consistent with the effects of Pleistocene sea level changes on the physical geography of Australasia, and are thus suggestive of a natural rather than anthropogenic origin of the New Guinea populations. The taxonomic status of the New Guinean populations is discussed.

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DONNELLAN, STEPHEN C., KEN P. APLIN, and TERRY BERTOZZI. "Species boundaries in the Rana arfaki group (Anura: Ranidae) and phylogenetic relationships to other New Guinean Rana." Zootaxa 2496, no. 1 (June 7, 2010): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2496.1.3.

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Allozyme electrophoresis is used to explore molecular genetic relationships within the Rana arfaki group and between this group and selected lineages of New Guinean Rana. Rana jimiensis is confirmed as a species distinct from R. arfaki and its range in Papua New Guinea is extended to the Southern Highlands Province and the north-coastal ranges in Sandaun Province. Rana arfaki and R. jimiensis show a high level of genetic differentiation maintained across a wide geographic area and show consistent morphological differences in head shape, tympanum size, degree of digital disc dilation and extent of sexual dimorphism. The two species occur syntopically on the Papuan Plateau, Southern Highlands Province, and are regionally sympatric in Sandaun Province. The observed level of genetic differentiation is equivalent to that reported previously between regionally sympatric members of the Rana papua group. Populations of R. jimiensis from north and south of the central cordillera show no obvious morphological and only minor genetic differentiation. In contrast, R. arfaki shows considerable geographic variation in both morphology and allozymes and may include two or more regionally distinctive forms.

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Frewer, Lynn, and Anne V. Bleus. "Personality Assessment in a Collectivist Culture." South Pacific Journal of Psychology 4 (1991): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0257543400001565.

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Papua New Guinea has been defined as a collectivist (as opposed to individualist) culture (Triandis et al., 1986a). The aim of this study was to examine the effects of allocentricity on a standardised personality test, the Eysenck Personality Inventory, using a sample of Papua New Guinean university students. The responses of 256 subjects were factor analysed. The 22 factors extracted in the first-order analysis were reduced to eight factors in a higher-order analysis. These eight factors were only psychologically meaningful if interpreted within the context of a collectivist society. The implications for cross-cultural personality assessment are considered.

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O’SHEA, MARK, and STEPHEN J. RICHARDS. "A striking new species of Papuan groundsnake (Stegonotus: Colubridae) from southern Papua New Guinea, with a dichotomous key to the genus in New Guinea." Zootaxa 4926, no. 1 (February 4, 2021): 26–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4926.1.2.

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We describe a new species of groundsnake of the genus Stegonotus (Colubridae) from the Purari River basin in Gulf Province, Papua New Guinea. The new species can be most readily distinguished from all other New Guinean Stegonotus by its unique dorsal colour pattern which consists of a dark head and creamy-white anterior one third to two thirds of the body, grading into increasingly dense dark pigmentation on the posterior of the body and tail. It is most similar to S. iridis from the Raja Ampat Archipelago off western New Guinea, but that species has a different pattern of pigmentation dorsally, has a lower ventral scale count (198–211 vs. 229–239), and exhibits a different temporal scale arrangement. The description of S. aplini sp. nov. brings to fourteen the number of Stegonotus species described from New Guinea. A dichotomous key to described species in the New Guinea region is provided.

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RICHARDS, STEPHEN J., STEPHEN C. DONNELLAN, and PAUL M. OLIVER. "Five new species of the pelodryadid genus Litoria Tschudi from the southern versant of Papua New Guinea’s Central Cordillera, with observations on the diversification of reproductive strategies in Melanesian treefrogs." Zootaxa 5263, no. 2 (April 5, 2023): 151–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5263.2.1.

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New Guinea has the most diverse insular frog fauna in the world, and rates of species discovery and description have increased rapidly in the last two decades. Pelodryadid treefrogs are the second most diverse family of anurans on the island but their taxonomy, relationships, and especially ecology remain poorly documented. Based on differences in morphology, advertisement calls (where available) and phylogenetic analyses of a 787 base pair alignment from the mitochondrial ND4 gene and flanking tRNA, we describe five new species of small treefrogs from hill and lower montane forests in the high rainfall belt that straddles the southern versant of Papua New Guinea’s Central Cordillera. Three of these species are known only from forest growing on karst substrates, adding to the growing number of herpetofauna species currently known only from the extensive karst habitats of Papua New Guinea’s South-fold Mountains. We also describe the arboreal breeding strategies of two of the new species, and report obligate treehole (phytotelm) breeding in New Guinean frogs for the first time. The new phytotelm–breeding species has juveniles with colour and patterning that closely resemble bird droppings, suggesting defensive mimicry or masquerade. A preliminary phylogeny suggests that arboreal-breeding frogs do not form a monophyletic group and that arboreal breeding has evolved multiple times within the New Guinean pelodryadid radiation. A further striking feature of the phylogeny is poor support for most basal nodes in the most diverse radiation of Melanesian Pelodryadidae, suggesting rapid ecological diversification and speciation, potentially following colonisation from Australia and/or mountain uplift. These new taxa and observations highlight previously unrecognised ecological and reproductive diversity in the Melanesian Pelodryadidae.

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Simoncini, Kym, Victoria Carr, Sue Elliott, Elisapesi Manson, Lalen Simeon, and Joros Sawi. "New play opportunities in a Papua New Guinean school." Journal of Playwork Practice 2, no. 2 (November 27, 2015): 211–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/205316215x14454264479924.

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23

Hinchcliff, Carole L., Megan Fitzgibbons, and Claudia Davies. "Researching Australian, New Zealand and Papua New Guinean Law." Legal Information Management 14, no. 3 (September 2014): 193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1472669614000449.

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AbstractIn this paper Carole Hinchcliff, Megan Fitzgibbons and Claudia Davies review free resources that can be used when researching the law in Australia, New Zealand, and Papua New Guinea. Background descriptions of the countries' legal systems are provided, along with brief descriptions of websites which provide access to the legislation and case law of the relevant jurisdictions. The article is based on a presentation developed by Carole, and subsequently delivered by Megan and Claudia, at the International Federation of Library Association (IFLA) meeting in August, 2013.

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Iwagawa, Tetsuo, Masafumi Kaneko, Hiroaki Okamura, Munehiro Nakatani, and Rob W. M. van Soest. "New Alkaloids from the Papua New Guinean SpongeAgelas nakamurai." Journal of Natural Products 61, no. 10 (October 1998): 1310–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np980173q.

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25

Tefuarani, N., R. Hawker, J. Vince, A. Sleigh, and G. Williams. "Congenital heart disease in Papua New Guinean children." Annals of Tropical Paediatrics 21, no. 4 (December 2001): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07430170120093463.

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Laman, M., I. Hwaihwanje, T. M. E. Davis, and L. Manning. "Cryptococcal meningitis in immunocompetent Papua New Guinean children." Tropical Doctor 40, no. 1 (January 2010): 61–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/td.2009.090333.

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27

Marai, Leo. "Pictorial Depth Perception of Papua New Guinean Students." South Pacific Journal of Psychology 4 (1991): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0257543400001589.

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Twenty male and five female undergraduates were assessed in a study designed to test for three dimensional pictorial perception in a Papua New Guinea sample. A version of Hudson's (1960) and Deregowski's (1968) test stimuli was used; the stimuli were slightly modified to make them culturally appropriate. The major result of the study was a finding of consistent sex differences in pictorial depth perception. Males tended to perceive three dimensionally while females tended to perceive two dimensionally.

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28

Thompson, Herb. "Papua New Guinean rainforests: Problems, solutions and questions." Sustainable Development 1, no. 1 (1993): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sd.3460010111.

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SEEMAN, OWEN D. "The megisthanid mites (Mesostigmata: Megisthanidae) of Australia." Zootaxa 4563, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4563.1.1.

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The Australian Megisthanidae are revised, resulting in the description of five new species from passalid beetles (Coleoptera: Passalidae) in Queensland: M. manonae sp. nov. from Mastachilus australasicus; M. simoneae sp. nov. from Mastachilus polyphyllus; M. southcotti sp. nov. from Aulacocyclus fracticornis; M. womersleyi sp. nov. from Protomocoelus australis; and M. zachariei sp. nov. from Aulacocyclus kaupii. Megisthanus womersleyi is also based on material from Misima Island, Papua New Guinea, originally identified as Megisthanus doreianus Thorell, 1882. Megisthanus modestus Berlese, 1910, is redescribed based on material from Pharochilus spp. collected from Canberra, New South Wales, Queensland and Tasmania. The Papua New Guinean species Mastachilus papuanus Womersley, 1937 is diagnosed and discussed in relation to the other species from New Guinea. Additional collections of Megisthanus leviathanicus Seeman, 2017 and M. thorelli Womersley, 1937 are also reported. A genus description and a key to the eight Australian species of Megisthanus are provided.

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30

Sagrista, Maria, and Patrick Matbob. "The digital divide in Papua New Guinea: Implications for journalism education." Pacific Journalism Review 22, no. 2 (December 31, 2016): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v22i2.44.

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Access to new technology and the development of the necessary skills to master them are crucial aspects when developing countries aim to play a more important role in the current information age and knowledge-based society. New technology and the internet have the potential to enhance access to information for people and to help countries such as Papua New Guinea become active producers of knowledge, shifting away from the traditional role of passive consumption. However, new technology also has the potential to increase already existing inequalities. In this regard, exploring the concrete shortcuts brought by the digital divide in PNG and trying to address them for journalism education is an imperative, so that journalists in the country can bridge this gap, raise their own voices and best contribute to the development of Papua New Guinean society.

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31

Robie, David. "Ethical dilemmas for the PNG media." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 1, no. 1 (November 1, 1994): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v1i1.521.

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The new National Information and Communication Policy (NICP) highlights contradictions and dilemmas for the Papua New Guinean media. How closely was the media consulted in the drafting of this policy?

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32

Donnellan, S. C., T. B. Reardon, and T. F. Flannery. "Electrophoretic Resolution of Species Boundaries in Tube-Nosed Bats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) in Australia and Papua New Guinea." Australian Mammalogy 18, no. 1 (1995): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am95061.

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Allozyme variation at 19-34 loci is used in the present study to define species boundaries in Australian and Papuan New Guinean tube-nosed bats. Current systematic accounts for these bats are in part contradictory and do not provide an adequate basis for distinguishing the species. Results obtained from the allozyme electrophoretic analysis of 178 individuals show that there are a minimum of five species of Nyctimene and one of Paranyctimene in the region. A single species of Nyctimene was found in Australia and at least four species of Nyctimene in the north coastal ranges of Papua New Guinea. Paranyctimene was genetically uniform and was found in sympatry with up to three species of Nyctimene over most of its range. While the scientific names of several of the species were determined, the nomenclature of the remainder requires a morphological analysis of the available material, including type specimens.

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33

Hengene Payani, Hela. "Selected Problems in the Papua New Guinean Public Service." Asian Journal of Public Administration 22, no. 2 (December 2000): 135–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02598272.2000.10800377.

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34

Davis, Rohan A., Moana M. Simpson, Ryan B. Nugent, Anthony R. Carroll, Vicky M. Avery, Topul Rali, Huawei Chen, Barbara Qurallo, and Ronald J. Quinn. "Pim2 Inhibitors from the Papua New Guinean PlantCupaniopsis macropetala⊥." Journal of Natural Products 71, no. 3 (March 2008): 451–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np070431w.

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35

Betuela, Inoni, Seri Maraga, Manuel W. Hetzel, Tony Tandrapah, Albert Sie, Simon Yala, Julius Kundi, Peter Siba, John C. Reeder, and Ivo Mueller. "Epidemiology of malaria in the Papua New Guinean highlands." Tropical Medicine & International Health 17, no. 10 (August 28, 2012): 1181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2012.03062.x.

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36

Iwagawa, Tetsuo, Masafumi Kaneko, Hiroaki Okamura, Munehiro Nakatani, Rob W. M. van Soest, and Motoo Shiro. "A New Quinolizidine Alkaloid from the Papua New Guinean SpongeXestospongia exigua." Journal of Natural Products 63, no. 9 (September 2000): 1310–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np000111b.

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37

Orr, Ryan, Anna V. McBeath, Wouter I. J. Dieleman, Michael I. Bird, and Paul N. Nelson. "Estimating organic carbon content of soil in Papua New Guinea using infrared spectroscopy." Soil Research 55, no. 8 (2017): 735. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr16227.

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Quantification of soil organic carbon (SOC) content is important for sustainable agricultural management and accurate carbon accounting. Infrared (IR) absorbance can be used to estimate SOC content, but the relationship differs between regions due to matrix effects. We developed an IR-based model specific for SOC in Papua New Guinean soils. A total of 437 samples from 0.0–0.3m depth were analysed for SOC using Dumas combustion. IR absorption spectra were collected from the same samples, and a predictive regression model was developed using the 6000–1030cm–1 spectral range. Using a validation set, predicted SOC values resulting from the IR-based model compared well with values from Dumas combustion (R2=0.905; ratio of performance-to-deviation=5.64). Constraining wavelengths to positively correlated regions of the spectra was also explored and showed improved model performance (R2=0.932). Overall, IR analysis provides a robust method for estimating SOC content for a range of Papua New Guinean soils.

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38

PERKINS, PHILIP D. "A revision of the water beetle genus Gymnochthebius Orchymont (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae) for Australia and Papua New Guinea." Zootaxa 1024, no. 1 (July 29, 2005): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1024.1.1.

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The Australian and Papua New Guinean species of the water beetle genus Gymnochthebius Orchymont, 1943, are revised, based on the study of 4,904 specimens. The genus is redescribed, and redescriptions are provided for G. australis (Blackburn), G. brisbanensis (Blackburn), G. clarki (Deane), G. levis (Deane), G. lividus (Deane), G. notalis (Deane), and G. tenebricosus (Deane). Lectotypes are designated for Ochthebius australis Blackburn, 1888, and Ochthebius tenebricosus Deane, 1931. Ochthebius fischeri Deane, 1931, and Ochthebius leai Deane, 1931, are synonymized with Ochthebius australis Blackburn, 1888; Ochthebius flavocinctus Deane 1933, is synonymized with Ochthebius lividus Deane, 1933; and Ochthebius angustipennis Deane, 1931, is synonymized with Ochthebius clarki Deane, 1931. Twenty-nine new species are described, and a key to the 36 species known from Australia and Papua New Guinea is given. High resolution digital images of all primary types are presented (online version in color), the male genitalia are illustrated, and Australian geographic distributions are mapped. Only one species, G. clarki, inhabits both Australia and Papua New Guinea; two species, G. bacchusi n. sp. and G. papua n. sp. are endemic to Papua New Guinea; 33 species are endemic to Australia. Members of Gymnochthebius are found at the gravelly/sandy/silty margins of flowing and standing water. A preliminary grouping of species according to microhabitat substrate is presented. Correspondences between ventral morphology and microhabitat preferences suggest that a few species are evolving toward humicolous habits. New species of Gymnochthebius are: G. angulonotus (Queensland, Tinaroo Creek Road via Mareeba), G. bacchusi (Papua New Guinea, Morobe District, c. 7 miles Lae Bulolo Road), G. benesculptus (South Australia, Warburton River, 1 km N White Bull Yard Kalamurina Stn.), G. coruscus (South Australia, Warburton River, 1 km N White Bull Yard Kalamurina Stn.), G. fontinalis (South Australia, Elizabeth (Mound) Springs, 7 km NW Coward Springs R.S.), G. fumosus (New South Wales, Sydney), G. hesperius (Western Australia, Lyndon River Bridge), G. inlineatus (Western Australia, Millstream, creek near Deep Reach), G. lustrosulcus (Queensland, Cloncurry), G. minipunctus (Northern Territory, Palm Valley), G. nanosetus (Northern Territory, Roderick Creek, Gregory National Park), G. nicki (Victoria, Possum Hollow falls, West branch Tarwin River, 5.6 km SSW Allambee), G. nigriceps (South Australia, Mound Spring near Coward Springs), G. papua (Papua New Guinea, Morobe District, ca. 10 km S Garaina Saureri), G. perpunctus (South Australia, Somme Creek, between Angaston and Sedan), G. pluvipennis (South Australia, Warburton

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39

Matbob, Patrick. "The Post-Courier and media advocacy: A new era for Papua New Guinean journalism?" Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 13, no. 1 (April 1, 2007): 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v13i1.886.

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The Papua New Guinea media is often described as ‘free’ and ‘vibrant’ compared to other media in developing countries in the region. The style of journalism and the news values are based on the Western model familiar in developed countries, where objectivity is one of the conventions of journalism practice. This is a result of influence on the PNG media by Western news values through a history of ownership of the local media and training in journalism provided at the workplace and at journalism schools in PNG. However, the coverage of two major national issues by PNG’s national daily Post-Courier has signalled a shift in reportage style in PNG to one of advocacy journalism. The two major issues are the National Superannuation Fund of Papua New Guinea (NASFUND) corruption crisis and an anti-gun campaign. Although at present both issues have dropped out of the media, they have yet to reach satisfactory conclusions. The prosecution of people involved in the NASFUND mis-management is pending while the anti-gun campaign report has been tabled in Parliament, but nothing has been heard about it since. This article examines the role of the Post-Courierand its coverage of the two issues and why it chose to use advocacy style journalism for its coverage. The coverage has drawn criticism from sectors of society and other journalists. The article also examines the views of journalists in Papua New Guinea about the Post-Courier’s coverage and advocacy journalism.

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40

KRAUS, FRED. "Ten new species of Oreophryne (Anura, Microhylidae) from Papua New Guinea." Zootaxa 4195, no. 1 (November 17, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4195.1.1.

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Oreophryne presently represents the second-most-diverse genus of microhylid frogs, with 57 named species, most occurring on New Guinea and its satellite islands. Nonetheless, a diversity of species remains to be described. Using morphological, color-pattern, and advertisement-call data, I describe ten new species of Oreophryne from the Papuan Peninsula of New Guinea and adjacent islands, which together form the East Papuan Composite Terrane. All but two of these species can be placed into two species groups based on call type. I refer to these species groups as the O. anser group and the O. equus group, both being based on species described herein. Members of the O. anser group produce calls reminiscent of a goose honk, whereas members of the O. equus group produce calls reminiscent of a horse’s whinny. Description of three new species in the O. anser group requires me to first rediagnose O. loriae, which has previously been interpreted as including the frogs named herein as O. anser sp. nov. The honk call type has not previously been reported within Oreophryne, and the whinny call may be novel as well, although it is possibly derived from other New Guinean species having calls consisting of a slower series of peeps. Based on their unique call types, I hypothesize that both species groups are monophyletic. If true, each would appear endemic to the East Papuan Composite Terrane. Only five additional species of Oreophryne are known from this region that do not belong to one or the other of these two species groups; hence, these newly identified species groups represent the majority of diversity in Oreophryne from the Papuan Peninsula and its satellite islands.

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41

Verbeken, A., and E. Horak. "Lactarius (Basidiomycota) in Papua New Guinea. 1. Species of tropical lowland habitats." Australian Systematic Botany 12, no. 6 (1999): 767. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb98026.

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The extant herbarium material of the genus Lactarius (L. novoguineensis P.Henn.) collected in tropical Papua New Guinean lowland forests is studied. In addition, four new taxa, L. leucophaeus, L. paleus, L. leoninus and L. walleynii are introduced. A key to the five species, illustrations and discussionabout their infrageneric position are presented.

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42

Lavu, Evelyn K., John D. Vince, and Gilchrist Oswyn. "Sickle‐cell/β+‐thalassaemia in a Papua New Guinean: the first reported case of the sickle gene in Papua New Guinea." Medical Journal of Australia 176, no. 2 (January 2002): 70–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2002.tb04288.x.

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43

Syndicus, Ivo. "Notions of (In)Dependence at a Papua New Guinean University." Oceania 91, no. 2 (July 2021): 181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ocea.5312.

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44

Narokobi, Vergil Los. "Narokobi’s Melanesian Philosophy in the Papua New Guinean Legal System." Journal of Pacific History 55, no. 2 (April 2, 2020): 274–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00223344.2020.1759409.

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45

Shimizu, Kuniyoshi, Ryuichiro Kondo, and Kokki Sakai. "Antioxidant activity of heartwood extracts of Papua New Guinean woods." Journal of Wood Science 48, no. 5 (October 2002): 446–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00770708.

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46

Dwyer, Peter D. "Choice and constraint in a Papua New Guinean food quest." Human Ecology 13, no. 1 (March 1985): 49–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01531088.

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47

Street, Alice. "Failed Recipients: Extracting Blood in a Papua New Guinean Hospital." Body & Society 15, no. 2 (June 2009): 193–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1357034x09103442.

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48

Errington, Frederick, and Deborah Gewertz. "The Individuation of Tradition in a Papua New Guinean Modernity." American Anthropologist 98, no. 1 (March 1996): 114–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.1996.98.1.02a00100.

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49

Balke, M. "The Hydroporini (Coleoptera : Dytiscidae : Hydroporinae) of New Guinea: Systematics, distribution and origin of the fauna." Invertebrate Systematics 9, no. 5 (1995): 1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/it9951009.

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Only one species of Hydroporini, Megaporus piceatus (RCgimbart, 1892), has been known from New Guinea. M. piceatus is very similar to the Australian M. ruficeps (Sharp, 1882) and study of additional material is neccessary to determine its status. Chostonectes maai, sp. nov., is described from Papua New Guinea. Its sister-species is the Australian C. gigas (Boheman, 1858). The classification of the genera Megaporus Brinck, 1943, and Chostonectes Sharp, 1882, is discussed, and autapomorphies for both groups are suggested. The following species of Hydroporini are reported from New Guinea for the first time: Megaporus sp., Antiporus sp., and Sternoprisccts hansardi (Clark, 1862). A total of five Hydroporini species is now known from New Guinea. All are Australian, or of Australian origin. The New Guinean Hydroporini are not a monophyletic group. The factors delimiting the distribution of Hydroporini in New Guinea are climate and perhaps also vegetation. Australian Hydroporini are adapted to a seasonal climate and most of them also to open forests/woodland.

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Gupta, A. C., D. P. Murthy, and M. L. Pulotu. "Unusual type of foreign body in the maxillary sinus." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 104, no. 9 (September 1990): 718–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100113738.

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AbstractA broken end of the spear presenting as a foreign body in the nasopharynx and right maxillary sinus in a 19-year-old Papua New Guinean is described. The types of foreign bodies and their mechanisms of introduction into this site are summarized.

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