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Journal articles on the topic 'Para-dichlorobenzene'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 19 July 2025

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1

Kawakubo, T. "Color Centers in Irradiated Para-Dichlorobenzene Crystals." physica status solidi (a) 93, no. 1 (1986): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.2210930122.

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2

DALHA ABUBAKAR, KABIRU, and LAWAN SANI ABDU. "EFFECTS OF PARA-DICHLOROBENZENE AND SODIUM AZIDE ON GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF SESAME ( Sesamum indicum L.)." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 5, no. 2 (2021): 203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2021-0501-555.

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ABSTRACT Sesame is an important source of income and edible oil particularly in sub-saharan Africa. Its cultivation is constrains by many factors including lack of improved varietiess, pests and disease and abiotic stresses. Creating genetic variability could provide a base upon which improvement could made. This research was carried out to evaluate the effect of Sodium Azide and Para-dichlorobenzene on Germination and Seedlings growth of three sesame varieties (Ex-sudan, E-8 and JAN-IRI). Pot experiments were conducted during 2017 and 2018 seasons using completely randomized design (CRD). The treated seeds were planted and resulting plants (M0) were allowed to produce seeds. The seeds of the M0 were used in generating M1 plants which were used to evaluate the effect of the mutagens. Few days to germination were recorded in seeds treated with 3.0 mM So dium azide (3.0 days) or 3.0 mM Para-dichlorobenzene (3.0 days) in EX-SUDAN as well as seeds treated with 3.0 mM Sodium azide (3.0 days) in E-8. Percentage germination was significantly increased The highest shoot length was obtained when EX-SUDAN was treated with 2.0 mM (19.3cm) or 3.0 mM Sodium azide (18.2cm while highest root length was obtained when JAN-IRI and EX-SUDAN were treated with either 1.0 mM Para-dichlorobenzene (4.2cm) or 3.0 mM Sodium azide (3.8cm). The mutagens (Sodium azide and Para-dichlorobenzene) could be used to create variability for genetic improvement of Sesame.

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3

Verhart, Nico R., Mathias Müller, and Michel Orrit. "Spectroscopy of Single Dibenzoterrylene Molecules in para -Dichlorobenzene." ChemPhysChem 17, no. 10 (2016): 1524–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cphc.201501087.

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4

Dubey, Divyanshu, Vibhash D. Sharma, Steven E. Pass, Anshudha Sawhney, and Olaf Stüve. "Para-dichlorobenzene toxicity – a review of potential neurotoxic manifestations." Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders 7, no. 3 (2014): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1756285614521889.

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5

Gribov, L. A., I. E. Davidova, F. Bayard, C. Decoret та J. Royer. "Calculation of vibrational frequencies of α para-dichlorobenzene crystal". Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular Spectroscopy 49, № 3 (1993): 425–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0584-8539(93)80143-x.

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6

Korshunov, M. A. "Influence of size effects on para-dichlorobenzene lattice dynamics." Journal of Applied Spectroscopy 77, no. 2 (2010): 261–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10812-010-9324-6.

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7

Chakraborty, Shamik, Alexander Patzer, Anita Lagutschenkov, Judith Langer, and Otto Dopfer. "Infrared and electronic spectra of microhydrated para-dichlorobenzene cluster cations." Chemical Physics Letters 485, no. 1-3 (2010): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2009.12.036.

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8

Zikumaru, Yushi, Shigeru Yamashita та Yasunori Okamoto. "Two simple methods for growing γ-phase crystals of para-dichlorobenzene". Journal of Crystal Growth 91, № 4 (1988): 647–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(88)90134-0.

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9

Szczepanski, Jan, William Personette, Robert Pellow, et al. "Vibrational and electronic spectra of matrix‐isolated para‐dichlorobenzene radical cations." Journal of Chemical Physics 96, no. 1 (1992): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.462471.

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10

Wei, Yudan, and Jianmin Zhu. "Para-Dichlorobenzene Exposure Is Associated with Thyroid Dysfunction in US Adolescents." Journal of Pediatrics 177 (October 2016): 238–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.06.085.

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11

Oonk, H. A. J., T. Calvet, M. A. Cuevas-Diarte, E. Tauler, M. Labrador, and Y. Haget. "Molecular alloys in the series of para-disubstituted benzene derivatives. Part 8. The para-dichlorobenzene + para-bromoiodobenzene system." Thermochimica Acta 250, no. 1 (1995): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(94)02000-e.

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12

Katiyar, V., Vincent Prasanna, and Elango Dhanapal. "Comparative study of ceruminolytic effect of distilled water and 2% para dichlorobenzene." International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health 3, no. 6 (2014): 696. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ijmsph.2014.170320142.

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13

Kokel, David, Yehua Li, Jun Qin, and Ding Xue. "The nongenotoxic carcinogens naphthalene and para-dichlorobenzene suppress apoptosis in Caenorhabditis elegans." Nature Chemical Biology 2, no. 6 (2006): 338–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nchembio791.

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14

Akhmadullin, R. M., A. V. Rakov, L. I. Musin, et al. "Synthesis of para-Dichlorobenzene by Chlorobenzene Chlorination on NaY Zeolite Heterogeneous Catalyst." Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry 95, no. 9 (2022): 1347–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070427222090099.

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15

Powis, I., A. B. Trofimov, I. L. Bodzuk, D. M. P. Holland, A. W. Potts, and L. Karlsson. "A study of the valence shell electronic structure and photoionisation dynamics of para-dichlorobenzene and para-bromochlorobenzene." Chemical Physics 415 (March 2013): 291–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemphys.2012.09.026.

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16

Dzhonson, Anatoly, Dieter Gerlich, Evan J. Bieske, and John P. Maier. "Apparatus for the study of electronic spectra of collisionally cooled cations: para-dichlorobenzene." Journal of Molecular Structure 795, no. 1-3 (2006): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2005.11.044.

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17

Topping, B. "The biodegradability of para-dichlorobenzene and its behaviour in model activated sludge plants." Water Research 21, no. 3 (1987): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(87)90208-9.

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18

SZCZEPANSKI, J., W. PERSONETTE, R. PELLOW, et al. "ChemInform Abstract: Vibrational and Electronic Spectra of Matrix-Isolated para- Dichlorobenzene Radical Cations." ChemInform 23, no. 19 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199219040.

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19

Ono, K., and M. Iwata. "The Exposure Assessment and the Risk Assessment of Para-Dichlorobenzene for Japanese General Population." Epidemiology 17, Suppl (2006): S396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001648-200611001-01056.

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20

Shlahi, Sattar A., and Zahra N. Al- Hattab. "The genetic effect of N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine on callus induced from mature embryos of beans Phaseolus vulgaris." Journal of Biotechnology Research Center 8, no. 4 (2014): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.24126/jobrc.2014.8.4.389.

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This research was conducted to study the effect of the chemical mutagen N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG)on the chromosomes of callus induced from mature bean embryos, Harvester cultivar. Seeds were treated with 0.2 or o.4 mM of the mutagen that mixed with different percentages of ethanol for 24 hrs. Calli were induced on MS medium in the presence of 0.5 mg/L of Benzyl adenine (BA), 1 mg/L Indole acetic acid (IAA) and 100 mg/L from each of Casein hydrolysate, Glycine, Asparagine, Tyrosine, and Myo-Inositol. Samples were pretreated with 1, 2- benzene dichloride, Para –dichlorobenzene, or Colchicine. Two different staining methods were used to stain the chromosomes from root tips and calli.The results showed that Para –dichlorobenzene is the best pretreatment for both root tips and callicells. However, the stain acetoorcein was the best for the root tips while Feulgen stain was the best for calli cells. Chromosome count showed that there were 22 chromosomes in all the cells of bean root tips (control). While a wide range of chromosome numbers were obtained from calli cells with or without mutagen treatment. Ninety six percent of the non treatedcalli gave the normal number of chromosomes while only 60% of calli treated with (0.4 mM+4% ethanol) gave the normal number of chromosomes. Calli cells from all the treatments showed chromosome multiplication except in the presence of ethanol.

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21

Passov, Victoria, Eric K. Milliner, and James R. Rundell. "Partially Reversible Dementia Associated With the Use of Para-Dichlorobenzene in the Case of PICA." Psychosomatics 52, no. 3 (2011): 283–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psym.2010.11.006.

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22

Yim, C. T., and D. F. R. Gilson. "The orientational behaviour of dichlorobenzenes in nematic liquid crystal solvents." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 67, no. 1 (1989): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v89-009.

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The orientational order parameters of ortho-, meta-, and para-dichlorobenzene, dissolved in the nematic solvents EBBA and 1132, have been measured as functions of temperature and concentration, and used to determine the values of the potential energy parameters for each solute–solvent pair. These potentials have been interpreted in terms of a short-range contribution, which depends upon the shape and size of the solute molecule, plus a long-range term due to the interaction between the average electric field gradient from the solvent and the molecular quadrupole moment of the solute. Keywords: dichlorobenzenes, nematic solvents, liquid crystals, orientation, potential energy parameters.

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23

Chang, John C. S., and Kenneth A. Krebs. "Evaluation of Para-Dichlorobenzene Emissions from Solid Moth Repellant as a Source of Indoor Air Pollution." Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 42, no. 9 (1992): 1214–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10473289.1992.10467071.

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24

Gaber, Angela, Mikko Riese, Frank Witte, and Jürgen Grotemeyer. "Determination of the Binding Energies in Aromatic Clusters: Resonance-Enhanced Multi-Photon Ionization and Mass Analyzed Threshold Ionization Investigation of the Dichlorobenzene–Argon Complexes." European Journal of Mass Spectrometry 15, no. 2 (2009): 349–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/ejms.990.

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Resonance-enhanced multi-photon ionization (REMPI) and mass-analyzed threshold ionization (MATI) spectroscopic investigations were applied to the van der Waals complexes of the three dichlorobenzene isomers with argon. From the REMPI spectra it is concluded that the argon atom is shifted towards the chlorine atoms during excitation for the ortho and the meta isomers while it stays in the middle of the ring for the para isomer. From the MATI spectra it was possible to determine the binding energies in the ion ground state to 617 cm−1 ± 15 cm−1, 529 cm−1 ± 125 cm−1 and 581 cm−1 ± 76 cm−1 for the para, the meta and the ortho isomer, respectively. Together with theoretical calculations binding energies in the neutral ground state were determined to be 426 cm−1 ± 16 cm−1 for all the three isomers.

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25

Thiéry, M.-M., and C. Rérat. "Calculation of crystal and molecular structures of the temperature and pressure polymorphs of para-dichlorobenzene p-C6H4Cl2." Journal of Chemical Physics 118, no. 24 (2003): 11100–11110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1574312.

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26

AISO, Shigetoshi, Tetsuya TAKEUCHI, Heihachiro ARITO, Kasuke NAGANO, Seigo YAMAMOTO, and Taijiro MATSUSHIMA. "Carcinogenicity and Chronic Toxicity in Mice and Rats Exposed by Inhalation to para-Dichlorobenzene for Two Years." Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 67, no. 10 (2005): 1019–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1292/jvms.67.1019.

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27

Farsad, Alireza, Ali Ahmadpour, Tahereh Rohani Bastami, and Alireza Yaqubzadeh. "Synthesis of strong silica aerogel by PEDS at ambient conditions for adsorptive removal of para-dichlorobenzene from water." Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology 84, no. 2 (2017): 246–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10971-017-4498-5.

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28

DALHA ABUBAKAR, KABIRU, D. D. Musa, and R. Adam. "EFFECTS OF PARA-DICHLOROBENZENE AND SODIUM AZIDE ON YIELD AND YIELD ATTRIBUTING TRAITS OF SESAME (Sesamum indicum L.)." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 6, no. 6 (2023): 257–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2022-0606-1181.

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29

Yin, Hong, Yao Shen, Zhirong Chen, et al. "A new insight into the reaction mechanism in preparation of poly(phenylene sulfide)." e-Polymers 22, no. 1 (2022): 973–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2022-0084.

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Abstract The substitutions of the chlorine atoms in p-dichlorobenzene (DCB) or the chlorine end-groups of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) by sodium N-methyl-4-aminobutyrate (SMAB) are important reactions in the polymerization of PPS. The reaction process of DCB with SMAB was studied under conditions similar to the polymerization of PPS. The molecular structures of the products were analyzed through high-performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and other methods. Several pairs of para- and meta-isomer products were found, which indicates the coexistence of both nucleophilic addition–elimination (SN2Ar) mechanism and aryne intermediate mechanism. Based on mechanism analysis, the networks of reactions of DCB with SMAB were proposed and the effects of the ratio of SMAB to DCB, water content, and temperature on the reaction process were studied.

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30

Ali, Arshed, Asif Mahajan, and Mohammad Ashraf. "EAR WAX REMOVAL: COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EFICACY AND ASSOCIATED COMPLICATIONS OF DISTILLED WATER, NORMAL SALINE AND 2% PARA DICHLOROBENZENE." International Journal of Advanced Research 5, no. 4 (2017): 1802–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/4015.

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31

Bawagan, A. O., C. E. Brion, M. A. Coplan, J. A. Tossell та J. H. Moore. "Momentum distributions for the π-electrons of para-dichlorobenzene - an investigation of inductive and resonance effects by electron momentum spectroscopy". Chemical Physics 110, № 1 (1986): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-0104(86)85153-9.

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32

Kumar, Sarvesh, José Romero, Michael Probst, Thana Maihom, Gustavo García, and Paulo Limão-Vieira. "Sensing the ortho Positions in C6Cl6 and C6H4Cl2 from Cl2− Formation upon Molecular Reduction." Molecules 27, no. 15 (2022): 4820. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27154820.

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The geometrical effect of chlorine atom positions in polyatomic molecules after capturing a low-energy electron is shown to be a prevalent mechanism yielding Cl2−. In this work, we investigated hexachlorobenzene reduction in electron transfer experiments to determine the role of chlorine atom positions around the aromatic ring, and compared our results with those using ortho-, meta- and para-dichlorobenzene molecules. This was achieved by combining gas-phase experiments to determine the reaction threshold by means of mass spectrometry together with quantum chemical calculations. We also observed that Cl2− formation can only occur in 1,2-C6H4Cl2, where the two closest C–Cl bonds are cleaved while the chlorine atoms are brought together within the ring framework due to excess energy dissipation. These results show that a strong coupling between electronic and C–Cl bending motion is responsible for a positional isomeric effect, where molecular recognition is a determining factor in chlorine anion formation.

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33

Parmar, Jignasha M., SK Raval, Mayank Parwari, Neha Rao, and DM Patel. "Therapeutic Efficacy of Different Ear Cleanser in Management of Canine Otitis." INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 15, no. 02 (2019): 69–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21887/ijvsbt.15.2.18.

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The objective of this study was to compare the therapeutic efficacy of three different ear cleansers in 30 dogs of various breeds suffering from otitis. Based on history and clinical signs, ear exudates were collected by aseptic cotton swab for isolation and identification of organisms. The cerumen deposition in-ear canal was cleared using one of the ear preparations, viz., ear cleanser-I (0.2 % salicylic acid and 0.3 % phenoxyethanol) ear cleanser - II (chlorhexidine, propylene glycol and tris–EDTA) or ear cleanser-III (2% para-dichlorobenzene, benzocaine 2.7%, chlorbutol 5% and turpentine oil 15 %). Systemic/local antibiotics were used as per sensitivity testing. The treatment protocol found effective in the management of ear infections included cleaning the ear debris using ceruminolytic preparations/ear wax dissolvent, viz, ear drop. Ear cleanser-III showed excellent results (100%) in ceruminous as well as bacterial otitis with subsequent instillation of ear preparations containing antibacterial drug(s) and antifungal agents compared to cleanser-II (90%) and cleanser-I (70%).

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34

Mentzen, B. F., and M. Sacerdote-peronnet. "Characterization of guest molecules sorbed in zeolites of known structure. Part V - Localization of para-dichlorobenzene in mfi materials at medium and higher loadings." Materials Research Bulletin 28, no. 11 (1993): 1161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-5408(93)90096-v.

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35

Zirkelbach, Johannes, Masoud Mirzaei, Irena Deperasińska, et al. "High-resolution vibronic spectroscopy of a single molecule embedded in a crystal." Journal of Chemical Physics 156, no. 10 (2022): 104301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0081297.

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Vibrational levels of the electronic ground states in dye molecules have not been previously explored at a high resolution in solid matrices. We present new spectroscopic measurements on single polycyclic aromatic molecules of dibenzoterrylene embedded in an organic crystal made of para-dichlorobenzene. To do this, we use narrow-band continuous-wave lasers and combine spectroscopy methods based on fluorescence excitation and stimulated emission depletion to assess individual vibrational linewidths in the electronic ground state at a resolution of ∼30 MHz dictated by the linewidth of the electronic excited state. In this fashion, we identify several exceptionally narrow vibronic levels with linewidths down to values around 2 GHz. Additionally, we sample the distribution of vibronic wavenumbers, relaxation rates, and Franck–Condon factors, in both the electronic ground and excited states for a handful of individual molecules. We discuss various noteworthy experimental findings and compare them with the outcome of density functional theory calculations. The highly detailed vibronic spectra obtained in our work pave the way for studying the nanoscopic local environment of single molecules. The approach also provides an improved understanding of the vibrational relaxation mechanisms in the electronic ground state, which may help create long-lived vibrational states for applications in quantum technology.

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36

Cothern, C. Richard. "Some Scientific Judgments in the Assessment of the Risk of Environmental Contaminants." Toxicology and Industrial Health 5, no. 3 (1989): 479–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823378900500308.

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The assessment of risk due to environmental contaminants depends, in part, on scientific data. When such data are incomplete, as is usually the case, assumptions based on scientific judgments are made to analyze the consequences. Specifically, when health related data needed to assess the risk posed by environmental contaminants are missing or incomplete, it becomes necessary to make assumptions using scientific judgment to estimate the risk. Different scientists can and do make different assumptions, and the resulting differences in opinion can result in controversy. The present discussion presents a few of the consensus judgments of the Science Advisory Board (SAB) of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency concerning the health effects and risk for such environmental contaminants as 1,2-dichloroethylene, dichloromethane, para-dichlorobenzene, polychlorinated biphenyls, perchloroethylene, and xylene, as well as the implications of the more likely cancer mechanisms, the exposure routes, and pharmacokinetics to the risk assessment process. In some of these examples, the scientific data have been developed to the extent that specific judgments by groups such as the SAB can result in greater confidence that one is correct in the assessment of risk. Because of the uncertainties in current scientific knowledge for many environmental contaminants, judgments differ and there is no right or wrong opinion.

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37

Lattanzi, Giovanna, Silvana Bartoli, Bruna Bonora, et al. "The Different Genotoxicity of P-Dichlorobenzene in Mouse and Rat: Measurement of the in Vivo and in Vitro Covalent Interaction with Nucleic Acids." Tumori Journal 75, no. 4 (1989): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089168907500403.

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Twenty-two hours after i.p. injection to male Wistar rats and BALB/c mice para-dichlorobenzene (p-DCB) is bound covalently to DNA from liver, kidney, lung and stomach of mice but not of rats. DNA adducts in mouse liver are repaired in seventy-two hours. The covalent binding index value, calculated on the labelling of mouse liver DNA, classifies p-DCB as a weak initiator with an oncogenic activity lower than that of chlorobenzene. The labelling of RNA and proteins from the different organs of both species is, however, low. In vitro interaction with calf thymus DNA mediated by mouse and rat microsomes from liver and lung did occur. Binding extent was strongly reduced by addition of 2-diethylaminoethyl-2,2-diphenylvalerate hydrochloride (SKF 525-A) to the microsomal standard incubation mixture, whereas it was enhanced by adding GSH. Cytosolic fractions from kidney and lung were able to induce binding of p-DCB to DNA to a lower extent with respect to microsome-mediated binding. These results indicate that microsomal mixed function oxidase system and microsomal GSH-transferases can be involved in overall activating metabolism whereas cytosolic GSH-transferases play a minor role. This study, which is a part of a structure-activity relationship approach on benzene and its haloderivatives, provides the first evidence of genotoxicity of p-DCB in mammalian cell. It allows to partly explain variations of susceptibility of different species to hepatocarcinogenesis and of hepatotoxicity of different isomers.

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38

Polat, Havva Eylem, Ozan Zambi, Yalçın Güçer, and Alper Serdar Anli. "Impact of Drip Irrigation with Recycled Wastewater on Aromatic Compound Composition in Capia Pepper (Capsicum annum L.)." Sustainability 16, no. 12 (2024): 4992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16124992.

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In recent years, treating and reusing polluted water for agricultural irrigation has become essential to ensuring water and food sustainability. In addition to the factors affecting human health in vegetables and fruits irrigated with treated wastewater, factors affecting consumer preferences, such as flavor and phenolic compounds, should also be examined. This study investigates the effect of treated wastewater irrigation on the aromatic compounds and phenolic composition of capia pepper, which holds a significant position and is extensively used in various food products in the food industry. Drip irrigation with treated and untreated wastewater from the Kalecik Wastewater Treatment Plant was applied to two pepper varieties in the Kalecik district of Ankara, Türkiye. This research found that wastewater irrigation impacted certain aroma components, including para-dichlorobenzene, alpha-cubebene, hexanoate, alpha-farnesene, limonene, isoamyl butyrate, squalene, and alpha-copaene, which contribute to the distinct aroma and fragrance of capia peppers. Total phenolic content, pH, and soluble solids were found to be high in peppers irrigated with wastewater, and it was observed that these parameters increased as the treatment levels of the wastewater decreased. The highest results were obtained in capia peppers irrigated with wastewater. Results indicate that heavy metal levels in peppers align with permissible limits, confirming the usability of both water sources. In the face of global water scarcity and the challenge of feeding an ever-growing population, studies like this offer valuable insights into sustainable and well-informed agricultural practices.

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Linnie, Martyn J., and Michael J. Keatinge. "Pest control in museums: toxicity of para-dichlorobenzene, ‘Vapona’™, and naphthalene against all stages in the life-cycle of museum pests, Dermestes maculatus Degeer, and Anthrenus verbasci (L.) (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)." International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 45, no. 1-2 (2000): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0964-8305(00)00034-2.

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40

Majumder, Sweety, Animesh Biswas, and Mohammad Mahbubur Rahman. "Comparative cytological studies of naturally grown plants and in vitro grown plants of Gynura procumbens – an important medicinal plant species." Herba Polonica 68, no. 2 (2022): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hepo-2022-0011.

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Summary Introduction: Gynura procumbens is an important medicinal plant that contains different types of chemical constituents that show tremendous curative effects. Objective: The aim of this research work was comparative karyomorphological analysis between in vitro and in vivo grown selected medicinal plant species. Methods: The roots were collected properly from naturally grown plants and in vitro propagated plants and pretreated with 1,4-para-dichlorobenzene (PDB) for 2.00 – 3.00 hours at room temperature. After pretreating with PDB the roots were washed thoroughly and kept in 1:3 (v/v) aceto-alcohol for 24 hours and then, transferred to 70% alcohol (v/v) for preservation. After that completing staining process, prepared slides were observed under microscope for karyotype analysis & ideogram preparation. Results: This research work reveled that both mother plant and tissue culture raised plants had 2n=20 chromosomes in somatic cell. No telocentric or acrocentric chromosome observed in the basic set of chromosomes. Both plants had 3 submetacentric and 7 metacentric chromosomes in the basic set of chromosomes. The centromeric formula for both plants was 3sm + 7m. The length of individual chromosome of in vivo plants ranged from 6.20 to 11.24 µm, whereas chromosome length of in vitro grown plants ranged from 6.08 to 11.22 µm. The total form percent (TF%) of naturally grown plants and micro-propagated plants were same (43.93%). Mother plant had 2A type of karyotype, the formula being 2Lsm + 4Msm + 4Mm + 10Sm. In vitro grown plant had also 2A type of karyotype which could be expressed by the formula, 2Lsm + 4Msm + 2Mm + 12Sm. Conclusion: The results of cytological studies point out that chromosome numbers of naturally grown plants and micro-propagated plants were same. There were very little karyotypic variations observed in case of both micropropagated and mother plants.

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41

Sarkar, Sreemoyee, Abantika Nandy, Soumendra Nath Talapatra, Rajlaxmi Basu, and Aniruddha Mukhopadhyay. "Survey of Indoor Air Pollution and Health Symptoms at Residential Buildings." International Letters of Natural Sciences 13 (April 2014): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.13.17.

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This survey work summarizes the generation of indoor air pollutants (IAPs) through household products and activities and also the probable health symptoms of IAPs were discussed through questionnaire in the residential buildings of urban and semi urban area when compared to rural (control) area by door to door survey. The IAPs are categorized as physical, chemical and biological and surveyed as per the product(s) usage in the closed room of buildings. The survey results of IAPs generated from household products and activities, these are asbestos, fine particulate matters and ash as physical pollutants. The chemical pollutants are carbon mono and di oxide gases, phthalates; DDT, chlordane, heptachlor, o-phenylphenol; PBDEs, Formaldehyde, Other Aldehydes, lead, benzene, chloroform, para-dichlorobenzene, methylene chloride, perchloroethylene, styrene, benzene, formaldehyde, terpenes, styrene, phthalate esters, toluene, Propellant, pesticides, PAH, NOx, acrylamide, VOCs, acetone, HCl gas and biological pollutants are bacteria, fungi, viruses, house dust mites, animal dander; cockroaches, microbial spore. In respect to established health impact data, the health symptoms were recorded after survey in two areas viz. urban and semi urban area. The health symptoms were recorded as eye, nose, and throat irritation; allergic reactions, respiratory irritation, aggravated asthma, influenza and other infectious diseases may be the generation of IAPs. The urban and semi urban area are compared with rural (control) area in which no symptoms were found as per discussion. In the present survey it was concluded that the generation of IAPs may from household products and activities in the urban and semi urban area due to less ventilation facilities when compared to rural (control) area. This is a preliminary observation, further researches are needed in relation to measurement of physical, chemical and biological indoor pollutants in closed room of residential buildings and also health hazards study of residents by haematological, biochemical, enzymological and genotoxicological parameters.

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42

Sarkar, Sreemoyee, Abantika Nandy, Soumendra Nath Talapatra, Rajlaxmi Basu, and Aniruddha Mukhopadhyay. "Survey of Indoor Air Pollution and Health Symptoms at Residential Buildings." International Letters of Natural Sciences 13 (April 12, 2014): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-650ylp.

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This survey work summarizes the generation of indoor air pollutants (IAPs) through household products and activities and also the probable health symptoms of IAPs were discussed through questionnaire in the residential buildings of urban and semi urban area when compared to rural (control) area by door to door survey. The IAPs are categorized as physical, chemical and biological and surveyed as per the product(s) usage in the closed room of buildings. The survey results of IAPs generated from household products and activities, these are asbestos, fine particulate matters and ash as physical pollutants. The chemical pollutants are carbon mono and di oxide gases, phthalates; DDT, chlordane, heptachlor, o-phenylphenol; PBDEs, Formaldehyde, Other Aldehydes, lead, benzene, chloroform, para-dichlorobenzene, methylene chloride, perchloroethylene, styrene, benzene, formaldehyde, terpenes, styrene, phthalate esters, toluene, Propellant, pesticides, PAH, NOx, acrylamide, VOCs, acetone, HCl gas and biological pollutants are bacteria, fungi, viruses, house dust mites, animal dander; cockroaches, microbial spore. In respect to established health impact data, the health symptoms were recorded after survey in two areas viz. urban and semi urban area. The health symptoms were recorded as eye, nose, and throat irritation; allergic reactions, respiratory irritation, aggravated asthma, influenza and other infectious diseases may be the generation of IAPs. The urban and semi urban area are compared with rural (control) area in which no symptoms were found as per discussion. In the present survey it was concluded that the generation of IAPs may from household products and activities in the urban and semi urban area due to less ventilation facilities when compared to rural (control) area. This is a preliminary observation, further researches are needed in relation to measurement of physical, chemical and biological indoor pollutants in closed room of residential buildings and also health hazards study of residents by haematological, biochemical, enzymological and genotoxicological parameters.

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43

Syvitski, Raymond T., and E. Elliott Burnell. "NMR and molecular structure of partially oriented mono and para methyl- and chlorobenzenes dissolved in nematic liquid crystals." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 77, no. 11 (1999): 1761–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v99-144.

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Spectral parameters, order parameters, and structural parameters, including the vibrationally corrected ralpha structure of the partially oriented solutes p-xylene, p-chlorotoluene, p-dichlorobenzene, toluene, and chlorobenzene dissolved in three liquid crystal mixtures, are reported. For samples containing the three solutes p-xylene, p-dichlorobenzene, and 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene, multiple quantum (MQ) nuclear magnetic resonance was used to aid in the analysis of the complex high-resolution spectra of the p-xylene. The high-resolution spectra of 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene and p-dichlorobenzene were easily identified and analyzed once the calculated p-xylene spectrum was subtracted from the experimental one. The methyl groups of p-xylene, p-chlorotoluene, and toluene have similar geometries when the structure is determined from dipolar couplings corrected for harmonic vibrations.Key words: nematic liquid crystal, NMR, molecular structure, order parameter.

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44

Shteinberg, Leon. "SYNTHESIS OF 3-HYDROXY-2-NAPHTHOIC ACID ANILIDE CATALYZED BY PHOSPHORUS (III) COMPOUNDS IN VARIOUS MEDIA." Ukrainian Chemistry Journal 89, no. 3 (2023): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33609/2708-129x.89.03.2023.55-69.

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Catalysis with phosphorus P(III) compounds (phosphorus trichloride and phosphorous acid) in the acylation of aniline with 3=hydroxy=2=naphthoic acid in various media (toluene, octane, chlorobenzene, para=xylene, ortho=xylene, ortho=chlorotoluene, mesitylene, pseudocumene, n.=deсan, ortho= dichlorobenzene, mixtures of ortho=xylene with nitrobenzene) upon boiling and vigorous distillation of water leads to the formation of 3=hydroxy=2=naphthoic acid anilide. With an increase in the reaction temperature in the range from 111 (toluene) to 170 °C (pseudo cumene), a monotonous increase in the initial rate of formation of the target product is observed. In this case, the temperature dependence of the logarithm of the velocity obeys the Arrhenius equation, and the activation energy Ea is 66.2 kJ/mol. Higher-boiling n.=decane (175 °С) and ortho=dichlorobenzene (180 °С) fall out of this dependence, in which the initial rate of formation of anilide 3=hydroxy=2=naphthoic acid, compared with that for pseudocumene (170 °С), decreases. The latter may be due to the decomposition or oxidation of the catalyst at such a high temperature with the transition of P(III) to P(V), which does not have catalytic activity. The interaction of aniline with 3=hydroxyl=2=naphthoic acid proceeds as a series of sequential and parallel reactions in which, in addition to 3=hydroxyl=2= naphthoic acid anilide, 3=aniline=2=naphthoic acid and its anilide are formed as impurities. The most acceptable solvents are ortho=xylene and ortho=chlorotoluene with boiling points of 146 and 156°C, in which the yield of the target product is up to 98%. Below 146 °C the reaction proceeds at a relatively low rate; above 156°C the amount of impurities increases significantly, mainly in parallel with an increase in the reaction temperature, and the maximum yield of 3=hydroxyl=2=naphthoic acid anilide decreases. This requires its additional purification, significantly complicating the technological process. The addition of 10–20% by volume of nitrobenzene to ortho=xylene leads to an increase in the yield of 3=oxy=2=naphthoic acid anilide by 1.25–1.42 times in the temperature range of 146–148°C with increasing solvent polarity (ε), respectively, from 2.3 to 7.64. This may be due to an increase in the quantity of the monomers of the catalyst and/or 3=oxy=2=naphthoic acid and aniline in reaction mass and the speed of water separation.

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45

Branton, Alice. "Physical, Thermal and Spectroscopic Studies on Biofield Treated p-Dichlorobenzene." August 24, 2015. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.167229.

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Para-dichlorobenzene (p-DCB) is widely used as a chemical intermediate in manufacturing of dyes, pharmaceuticals, polymers and other organic synthesis. The aim of present study was to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on physical, thermal, and spectroscopic properties of p-dichlorobenzene. The p-dichlorobenzene sample was divided into two groups that served as treated and control. The treated group received Mr. Trivedi’s biofield treatment. Subsequently the control and treated samples were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. XRD result showed an increase in crystallite size (4.93%) along with alteration in peak intensity of treated sample as compared to control. Furthermore, DSC analysis results showed that the latent heat of fusion of treated p-dichlorobenzene was considerably reduced by 8.66% as compared to control. The reduction in melting point of treated sample (54.99°C) was also observed as compared to control (57.01°C) p-dichlorobenzene. Moreover, TGA/DTG studies showed that Tmax (temperature, at which sample lost maximum of its weight) was increased by 6.26% and weight loss per degree celsius (°C) was decreased by 12.77% in biofield treated p-dichlorobenzene as compared to control sample. It indicates that thermal stability of treated p-dichlorobenzene sample might increase as compared to control sample. However, no change was found in UV-Vis spectroscopic character of treated p-dichlorobenzene as compared to control. These findings suggest that biofield treatment has significantly altered the physical and thermal properties of p-dichlorobenzene, which could make it more useful as a chemical intermediate.

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46

Trivedi, Mahendra Kumar, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Ragini Singh, and Snehasis Jana. "Physical, Thermal and Spectroscopic Studies on Biofield Treated p-Dichlorobenzene." Biochemistry & Analytical Biochemistry 4, no. 4 (2015). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.49015.

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Para-dichlorobenzene (p-DCB) is widely used as a chemical intermediate in manufacturing of dyes, pharmaceuticals, polymers and other organic synthesis. The aim of present study was to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on physical, thermal, and spectroscopic properties of p-dichlorobenzene. The p-dichlorobenzene sample was divided into two groups that served as treated and control. The treated group received Mr. Trivedi’s biofield treatment. Subsequently the control and treated samples were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. XRD result showed an increase in crystallite size (4.93%) along with alteration in peak intensity of treated sample as compared to control. Furthermore, DSC analysis results showed that the latent heat of fusion of treated p-dichlorobenzene was considerably reduced by 8.66% as compared to control. The reduction in melting point of treated sample (54.99°C) was also observed as compared to control (57.01°C) p-dichlorobenzene. Moreover, TGA/DTG studies showed that Tmax (temperature, at which sample lost maximum of its weight) was increased by 6.26% and weight loss per degree celsius (°C) was decreased by 12.77% in biofield treated p-dichlorobenzene as compared to control sample. It indicates that thermal stability of treated p-dichlorobenzene sample might increase as compared to control sample. However, no change was found in UV-Vis spectroscopic character of treated p-dichlorobenzene as compared to control. These findings suggest that biofield treatment has significantly altered the physical and thermal properties of p-dichlorobenzene, which could make it more useful as a chemical intermediate. <strong>Source:</strong> https://www.trivedieffect.com/science/physical-thermal-and-spectroscopic-studies-on-biofield-treated-p-dichlorobenzene  https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/physical-thermal-and-spectroscopic-studies-on-biofield-treatedpdichlorobenzene-2161-1009-1000204.php?aid=59798

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47

Trivedi, Mahendra Kumar, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, Gopal Nayak, Ragini Singh, and Snehasis Jana. "Physical, Thermal and Spectroscopic Studies on Biofield Treated p-Dichlorobenzene." Biochemistry & Analytical Biochemistry 4, no. 4 (2015). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.186690.

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Para-dichlorobenzene (p-DCB) is widely used as a chemical intermediate in manufacturing of dyes, pharmaceuticals, polymers and other organic synthesis. The aim of present study was to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on physical, thermal, and spectroscopic properties of p-dichlorobenzene. The p-dichlorobenzene sample was divided into two groups that served as treated and control. The treated group received Mr. Trivedi’s biofield treatment. Subsequently the control and treated samples were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. XRD result showed an increase in crystallite size (4.93%) along with alteration in peak intensity of treated sample as compared to control. Furthermore, DSC analysis results showed that the latent heat of fusion of treated p-dichlorobenzene was considerably reduced by 8.66% as compared to control. The reduction in melting point of treated sample (54.99°C) was also observed as compared to control (57.01°C) p-dichlorobenzene. Moreover, TGA/DTG studies showed that Tmax (temperature, at which sample lost maximum of its weight) was increased by 6.26% and weight loss per degree celsius (°C) was decreased by 12.77% in biofield treated p-dichlorobenzene as compared to control sample. It indicates that thermal stability of treated p-dichlorobenzene sample might increase as compared to control sample. However, no change was found in UV-Vis spectroscopic character of treated p-dichlorobenzene as compared to control. These findings suggest that biofield treatment has significantly altered the physical and thermal properties of p-dichlorobenzene, which could make it more useful as a chemical intermediate. https://www.trivedieffect.com/science/physical-thermal-and-spectroscopic-studies-on-biofield-treated-p-dichlorobenzene https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/physical-thermal-and-spectroscopic-studies-on-biofield-treatedpdichlorobenzene-2161-1009-1000204.php?aid=59798

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48

Trivedi, Mahendra, Alice Branton, Dahryn Trivedi, and Gopal Nayak. "Physical, Thermal and Spectroscopic Studies on Biofield Treated p-Dichlorobenzene." Omics International, August 24, 2015. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.813404.

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Para-dichlorobenzene (p-DCB) is widely used as a chemical intermediate in manufacturing of dyes, pharmaceuticals, polymers and other organic synthesis. The aim of present study was to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on physical, thermal, and spectroscopic properties of p-dichlorobenzene. The p-dichlorobenzene sample was divided into two groups that served as treated and control. The treated group received Mr. Trivedi's biofield treatment. Subsequently the control and treated samples were evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. XRD result showed an increase in crystallite size (4.93%) along with alteration in peak intensity of treated sample as compared to control. Furthermore, DSC analysis results showed that the latent heat of fusion of treated p-dichlorobenzene was considerably reduced by 8.66% as compared to control. The reduction in melting point of treated sample (54.99°C) was also observed as compared to control (57.01°C) p-dichlorobenzene. Moreover, TGA/DTG studies showed that Tmax (temperature, at which sample lost maximum of its weight) was increased by 6.26% and weight loss per degree celsius (°C) was decreased by 12.77% in biofield treated p-dichlorobenzene as compared to control sample. It indicates that thermal stability of treated p-dichlorobenzene sample might increase as compared to control sample. However, no change was found in UV-Vis spectroscopic character of treated p-dichlorobenzene as compared to control. These findings suggest that biofield treatment has significantly altered the physical and thermal properties of p-dichlorobenzene, which could make it more useful as a chemical intermediate. This record was migrated from the OpenDepot repository service in June, 2017 before shutting down.

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49

Wei, Yudan, та Jianmin Zhu. "Para-dichlorobenzene exposure and serum α-Klotho levels among US participants in their middle and late adulthood". ISEE Conference Abstracts 2022, № 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/isee.2022.p-0047.

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50

"Isomerization process and zeolite catalysts for the preparationof m-dichlorobenzene or m-chlorotoluene from the corresponding para- or ortho-isomers." Zeolites 16, no. 2-3 (1996): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0144-2449(96)84843-3.

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