Journal articles: 'Paracalanus parvus'

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Coats, D. W., T. Bachvaroff, S. M. Handy, S. Kim, I. Gárate-Lizárraga, and C. F. Delwiche. "PREVALENCE AND PHYLOGENY OF PARASITIC DINOFLAGELLATES (GENUS Blastodinium) INFECTING COPEPODS IN THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA." CICIMAR Oceánides 23, no. 1-2 (December 31, 2008): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.37543/oceanides.v23i1-2.46.

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Plankton samples collected from Bahía de La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico in June 2008 revealed infection of copepods by Blastodinium spp. Of eight copepod genera encountered in the samples, only one (Paracalanus) was parasitized by Blastodinium. Infection prevalence was low, 0.6 % to 2.0 %, with all parasitized individuals being females tentatively identified as Paracalanus parvus. All but one infected host examined during the study was parasitized by Blastodinium crassum, the sole exception being a Paracalanus cf. parvus infected by Blastodinium contortum. A phylogeny constructed using a dataset of ~1.3 Kb sequences of the small subunit ribosomal DNA gene of B. contortum and B. crassum from Bahía de La Paz and 36 other dinoflagellate sequences available in GenBank, including all available for Blastodinium, placed Blastodinium as a monophyletic clade deep within the Dinokaryota. Sequence divergence among B. contortum ex Paracalanus cf. parvus from Bahía de La Paz, B. contortum ex P. parvus from the Mediterranean Sea, B. contortum ex Clausocalanus arcuicornis, B. crassum ex P. cf. parvus from Bahía de La Paz, and B. navicula ex Corycaeus giesbrechti supported separation of the three parasites as distinct species. Prevalecencia y filogenia de dinoflagelados parásitos (género Blastodinium) que infectan copépodos en el Golfo de California Muestras de plancton recolectadas en junio de 2008 en la Bahía de La Paz, México, revelaron la infección de copépodos por Blastodinium spp. De ocho géneros de copépodos encontrados, solo Paracalanus estuvo parasitado por Blastodinium. El porcentaje de prevalecencia de infección fue bajo, de 0.6 % a 2.0 %. Todos los ejemplares parasitados fueron hembras, identificadas tentativamente como Paracalanus parvus. Los hospederos analizados durante este estudio, a excepción de uno, estuvieron parasitados por Blastodinium crassum, siendo la única excepción Paracalanus cf. parvus, el cual fue infectado por Blastodinium contortum. Se construyó la filogenia usando la base de datos de secuencias ~1.3 Kb de pequeñas subunidades de DNA ribosomal de los genes de B. contortum y B. crassum de La Bahía de La Paz, además de otras 36 secuencias disponibles en GenBank, incluyendo todo lo disponible de Blastodinium y colocando a Blastodinium como un grupo dentro de los Dinokaryota. La divergencia de las secuencias entre B. contortum ex Paracalanus cf. parvus de Bahía de La Paz, B. contortum ex P. parvus del Mar Mediterráneo, B. contortum ex Clausocalanus arcuicornis, B. crassum ex P. cf. parvus de Bahía de La Paz, y B. navicula ex Corycaeus giesbrechti respalda la separación de los tres parásitos como especies diferentes.

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Coats, D. W., T. Bachvaroff, S. M. Handy, S. Kim, I. Gárate-Lizárraga, and C. F. Delwiche. "PREVALENCE AND PHYLOGENY OF PARASITIC DINOFLAGELLATES (GENUS Blastodinium) INFECTING COPEPODS IN THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA." CICIMAR Oceánides 23, no. 1-2 (December 31, 2008): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.37543/oceanides.v23i1-2.46.

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Plankton samples collected from Bahía de La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico in June 2008 revealed infection of copepods by Blastodinium spp. Of eight copepod genera encountered in the samples, only one (Paracalanus) was parasitized by Blastodinium. Infection prevalence was low, 0.6 % to 2.0 %, with all parasitized individuals being females tentatively identified as Paracalanus parvus. All but one infected host examined during the study was parasitized by Blastodinium crassum, the sole exception being a Paracalanus cf. parvus infected by Blastodinium contortum. A phylogeny constructed using a dataset of ~1.3 Kb sequences of the small subunit ribosomal DNA gene of B. contortum and B. crassum from Bahía de La Paz and 36 other dinoflagellate sequences available in GenBank, including all available for Blastodinium, placed Blastodinium as a monophyletic clade deep within the Dinokaryota. Sequence divergence among B. contortum ex Paracalanus cf. parvus from Bahía de La Paz, B. contortum ex P. parvus from the Mediterranean Sea, B. contortum ex Clausocalanus arcuicornis, B. crassum ex P. cf. parvus from Bahía de La Paz, and B. navicula ex Corycaeus giesbrechti supported separation of the three parasites as distinct species. Prevalecencia y filogenia de dinoflagelados parásitos (género Blastodinium) que infectan copépodos en el Golfo de California Muestras de plancton recolectadas en junio de 2008 en la Bahía de La Paz, México, revelaron la infección de copépodos por Blastodinium spp. De ocho géneros de copépodos encontrados, solo Paracalanus estuvo parasitado por Blastodinium. El porcentaje de prevalecencia de infección fue bajo, de 0.6 % a 2.0 %. Todos los ejemplares parasitados fueron hembras, identificadas tentativamente como Paracalanus parvus. Los hospederos analizados durante este estudio, a excepción de uno, estuvieron parasitados por Blastodinium crassum, siendo la única excepción Paracalanus cf. parvus, el cual fue infectado por Blastodinium contortum. Se construyó la filogenia usando la base de datos de secuencias ~1.3 Kb de pequeñas subunidades de DNA ribosomal de los genes de B. contortum y B. crassum de La Bahía de La Paz, además de otras 36 secuencias disponibles en GenBank, incluyendo todo lo disponible de Blastodinium y colocando a Blastodinium como un grupo dentro de los Dinokaryota. La divergencia de las secuencias entre B. contortum ex Paracalanus cf. parvus de Bahía de La Paz, B. contortum ex P. parvus del Mar Mediterráneo, B. contortum ex Clausocalanus arcuicornis, B. crassum ex P. cf. parvus de Bahía de La Paz, y B. navicula ex Corycaeus giesbrechti respalda la separación de los tres parásitos como especies diferentes.

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Eskinazi-Sant'Anna, E. M. "Sticholonche zanclea (Protozoa, Actinopoda) in fecal pellets of copepods and Euphausia sp. in Brazilian coastal waters." Brazilian Journal of Biology 66, no. 3 (August 2006): 839–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842006000500009.

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Fecal pellets produced by mesozooplanktonic copepods (Centropages velificatus and Paracalanus parvus) and macrozooplanktonic Euphausiacea (Euphausia sp.) were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Fragments of the protozoan Sticholonche zanclea were found in both copepod and in Euphausia sp. fecal pellets, even when the abundance of the protozoan in the water was low. The results suggest that S. zanclea is an important food resource for different trophic levels, including meso- and macrozooplankton, in Brazilian coastal waters.

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Jang, Min-Chul, Kyoungsoon Shin, Bonggil Hyun, Tongsup Lee, and Keun-Hyung Choi. "Temperature-regulated egg production rate, and seasonal and interannual variations in Paracalanus parvus." Journal of Plankton Research 35, no. 5 (May 24, 2013): 1035–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbt050.

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5

lanora, A., MG Mazzocchi, and B. Scotto di Carlo. "Impact of parasitism and intersexuality on Mediterranean populations of Paracalanus parvus (Copepoda: Calanoida)." Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 3 (1987): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao003029.

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Binsztein, Norma, Marcela C. Costagliola, Mariana Pichel, Verónica Jurquiza, Fernando C. Ramírez, Rut Akselman, Marta Vacchino, Anwarul Huq, and Rita Colwell. "Viable but Nonculturable Vibrio cholerae O1 in the Aquatic Environment of Argentina." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 12 (December 2004): 7481–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.12.7481-7486.2004.

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ABSTRACT In Argentina, as in other countries of Latin America, cholera has occurred in an epidemic pattern. Vibrio cholerae O1 is native to the aquatic environment, and it occurs in both culturable and viable but nonculturable (VNC) forms, the latter during interepidemic periods. This is the first report of the presence of VNC V. cholerae O1 in the estuarine and marine waters of the Río de la Plata and the Argentine shelf of the Atlantic Ocean, respectively. Employing immunofluorescence and PCR methods, we were able to detect reservoirs of V. cholerae O1 carrying the virulence-associated genes ctxA and tcpA. The VNC forms of V. cholerae O1 were identified in samples of water, phytoplankton, and zooplankton; the latter organisms were mainly the copepods Acartia tonsa, Diaptomus sp., Paracalanus crassirostris, and Paracalanus parvus. We found that under favorable conditions, the VNC form of V. cholerae can revert to the pathogenic, transmissible state. We concluded that V. cholerae O1 is a resident of Argentinean waters, as has been shown to be the case in other geographic regions of the world.

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Saito, Hiroaki, and Satoru Taguchi. "Influence of UVB radiation on hatching success of marine copepod Paracalanus parvus s. l." Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 282, no. 1-2 (January 2003): 135–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-0981(02)00468-9.

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8

Tiselius, Peter, Enric Saiz, and Thomas Kiørboe. "Sensory capabilities and food capture of two small copepods, Paracalanus parvus and Pseudocalanus sp." Limnology and Oceanography 58, no. 5 (August 27, 2013): 1657–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.2013.58.5.1657.

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Sterza, José Mauro, and Luiz Loureiro Fernandes. "Zooplankton community of the Vitória Bay estuarine system (Southeastern Brazil): Characterization during a three-year study." Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 54, no. 2-3 (September 2006): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-87592006000200001.

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In order to characterize the zooplankton community at the Vitória Bay estuarine system (Southeastern Brazil), samples were collected in 10 sampling stations during a three-year study (1998-2000), every three months. A total of 64 taxa were identified.Copepoda contributed with the highest species number (49) in the community, especially with Acartia lilljeborgi,Acartia tonsa,Paracalanus parvus,P. quasimodo,Parvocalanus crassirostris,Temora turbinata,Oithona hebes,Oithona oculata and Euterpina acutifrons. Highest abundances occurred in the summer of 2000. Diversity indexes were higher at the estuary mouth. Zooplankton composition was characterized by coastal and estuarine species, their distribution being influenced mainly by the salinity variation in this estuarine system.

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Sautour, Benoît, and Jacques Castel. "Grazing activity of mesoplanktonic copepods in a shallow bay during an algal spring bloom (Marennes-Oléron Bay, France)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 79, no. 1 (February 1999): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315498000083.

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In situ grazing activity of mesoplanktonic copepods was investigated by the fluorometric method during an algal spring bloom in a zone of oyster farming in Marennes-Oléron Bay. The grazing activity of copepods was overall higher during the night than during the day for three species (Temora longicornis, Paracalanus parvus and Acartia clausi), but peaks also appeared during the day for all of them. Individual ingestion rates and daily rations were higher during neap tide (low suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentrations) than during spring tide (high SPM concentrations). During ebb tide (when SPM concentrations were the lowest) the feeding activity of T. longicornis, P. parvus and A. clausi was significantly negatively correlated with algal concentration. Our work suggests that during the algal spring bloom in the farming area of Marennes-Oléron Bay the pressure exerted by mesoplanktonic copepods on the algal stock was very low, as a consequence of: (i) high algal concentrations in the field (resuspension and high phytoplanktonic production); (ii) low ingestion rates when high algal concentrations were observed. The likely ingestion of non-fluorescent particles by copepods is discussed.

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Cornils, Astrid, and Christoph Held. "Evidence of cryptic and pseudocryptic speciation in the Paracalanus parvus species complex (Crustacea, Copepoda, Calanoida)." Frontiers in Zoology 11, no. 1 (2014): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1742-9994-11-19.

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McLaren, Ian A., M. John Tremblay, C. J. Corkett, and John C. Roff. "Copepod Production on the Scotian Shelf based on Life-History Analyses and Laboratory Bearings." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 46, no. 4 (April 1, 1989): 560–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f89-074.

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We estimated monthly and annual production of 10 copepod species (> 99% of copepod biomass) from Emerald Bank, Scotian Shelf, by use of numerical and weight changes between samples for Calanus spp., and by applying daily growth rates based on stage durations and weight increments between stages for others. Of these others, stage durations were estimated from generation intervals inferred from samples of Metridia lucens, Pseudocalanus newmani, and Oithona similis. For species without evident cohorts, notably Centropages typicus and Paracalanus parvus, we used published temperature-dependent durations. Production in dry weight was estimated as ca. 0.44 g∙m−3∙yr−1 (39 g∙m−2∙yr−1), with peaks in May (largely Calanus spp.) and September (largely C. typicus, P. parvus, and other warm-water forms). All species except C. finmarchicus and O. similis had annual rates 2–4 times those predicted by the Banse-Mosher allometric relationship between production/biomass ratios and adult body mass. This deviation is not attributable to assumptions in our analyses. Annual copepod production is broadly similar to recent estimates by others using similar methods for Georges Bank, Passamaquoddy Bay, N.B., and the North Sea.

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Rong, Wang, Zhang Hong-yan, Wang Ke, and Zuo Tao. "Distribution and population dynamics ofParacalanus parvus, Paracalanus crassirostris, andAcartia bifilosa (copepoda, calanoida) in the Bohai Sea." Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 20, no. 4 (December 2002): 348–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02847926.

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Chaouadi, Mustapha, and Aziz Hafferssas. "Seasonal variability in diversity and abundance of the free-living pelagic copepod community of the Algerian coasts (SW Mediterranean Sea)." Crustaceana 91, no. 8 (2018): 913–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685403-00003805.

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Abstract Investigations on the free-living, pelagic copepod community of the Algerian coasts were performed at the Habibas Islands and in Bou Ismail Bay (Sidi Fredj coast) between 0 and 100 meter depth during various seasons of the year 2012-2013. Seventy-seven taxa at species level have been identified, belonging to 47 genera and 24 families. The distribution of the copepod community revealed seasonal variability; high abundance and species richness (greater than 20 species) characterized winter and spring, while the summer period was characterized by low abundance and species richness. The spatial distribution showed high abundance and species richness on the Sidi Fredj coast (the respective mean abundances along the Sidi Fredj coast and at the Habibas Islands were 253.71 ind.m−3 and 109.77 ind.m−3, respectively). Analysis of the samples showed the presence of seven abundant and frequent species: Centropages typicus, Eucalanus elongatus, Pleuromamma abdominalis, Paracalanus parvus, Paracalanus nanus, Calanus helgolandicus, and Temora stylifera. Multivariate analysis (ascending hierarchical classification and non-metric multidimensional scaling) enabled us to group the stations according to the composition in the copepod species, and the influence of seasonal changes was well observed. A dominance of herbivorous behaviour, followed by an omnivorous feeding strategy, was observed in the two studied areas. A dominance of epipelagic and epi-mesopelagic species was observed during all seasons, reflecting a neritic character of both study areas.

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McLaren, Ian A., and Patricia Avendaño. "Prey field and diet of larval cod on Western Bank, Scotian Shelf." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 52, no. 3 (March 1, 1995): 448–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f95-046a.

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In vertically integrated samples (from ≤ 75 m) taken around and over Western Bank in November and December 1991, and January 1992, densities of larval cod (Gadus morhua) correlated with those of copepods, notably with relative densities of copepodids plus adults of predominant prey, Pseudocalanus spp. and Paracalanus parvus. Pseudocalanus showed a large increase from time of cod spawning but was concentrated over the bank through gyral circulation rather than enhanced productivity. Numbers of both copepods in stomachs of larvae < 10 mm were significantly related to their field densities, when controlled for sample month, larva size, and time of day. Stomach fullness was related to sample month, time of day, size of larva, and density of Pseudocalanus, but not P. parvus. Smaller larvae from four depths at four stations over the bank in late 1992, ate mostly nauplii of Pseudocalanus and Centropages typicus. Numbers eaten were strongly related to their field densities, weakly to sample depth, and not to larva size. Stomach fullness was positively related only to densities of Pseudocalanus nauplii. Larvae > 5–6 mm switched to larger prey, mostly Pseudocalanus copepodids. More research is needed on interactions between copepod behaviour and the physical mechanisms that concentrate or disperse them on offshore banks.

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Arima, Daichi, Atsushi Yamaguchi, Yoshiyuki Abe, Kohei Matsuno, Rui Saito, Hiroki Asami, Hiroshi Shimada, and Ichiro Imai. "Seasonal changes in body size and oil sac volume of three planktonic copepods, Paracalanus parvus (Claus, 1863), Pseudocalanus newmani Frost, 1989 and Oithona similis Claus, 1866, in a temperate embayment: what controls their seasonality?" Crustaceana 87, no. 3 (2014): 364–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685403-00003287.

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Seasonal changes in body size (prosome length: PL) and oil sac volume (OSV) of the three most numerically abundant copepods in Ishikari Bay, northern Sea of Japan, Paracalanus parvus (Claus, 1863), Pseudocalanus newmani Frost, 1989 and Oithona similis Claus, 1866, were studied using monthly samples collected through vertical hauls of a 100-μm mesh NORPAC net from March, 2001 to May, 2002. Seasonal changes in PL were common for the three species and were more pronounced during a cold spring. PL was negatively correlated with temperature, and this relationship was described well using the Bělehrádek equation. Seasonal changes in OSV exhibited a species-specific pattern, i.e., OSV was greater during a warm summer for P. parvus and was greater during a cold spring for P. newmani and O. similis. The OSV peak period corresponded with the optimal thermal season of each species. The relative OSV to prosome volume of the small copepods (0.6-0.8%) was substantially lower than that of the large copepods (20-32%). These facts suggest that the oil sac of small copepods is not used for overwintering or diapauses or during periods of food scarcity, but is instead used as the primary energy source for reproduction, which occurs during the optimum thermal season of each species.

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Nadtochy, Victoria V., and Yury I. Zuenko. "Mechanisms of subtropical plankton transport into the coastal waters of southern Primorye, a case of Paracalanus parvus." Izvestiya TINRO 184, no. 1 (March 30, 2016): 241–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.26428/1606-9919-2016-184-241-252.

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Results of long-term studies of zooplankton species in the Amur Bay (Japan Sea) are analyzed. Two seasonal «waves» of the allochtonous species are defined: the first in the early summer that is formed mainly by inter-zonal copepods spawning in the deep layers ( Metridia pacifica , Neocalanus plumchrus, Calanus glacialis ) and the second in the late summer that is represented by warm-water copepods of subtropical origin ( Calanus pacificus and Paracalanus parvus ) obviously transported from the southern Japan Sea by currents. The latter species is able to dominate in the zooplankton community of coastal waters in the early-autumn season. Variations of this mass species abundance in the Amur Bay under changes of wind-driven upwelling/downwelling circulation are investigated using an empirical advective model of its cross-shelf transport. There is found that strong summer southern on-shore winds (summer monsoon) are favourable for its high abundance but in these conditions it is transported toward the coast by the deep compensatory flow developed only after the summer monsoon change to the winter monsoon with opposite direction; that’s why the high abundance is observed in autumn, in September-October. In the years with weak summer monsoon the species is transported to the bay in mass by the surface on-shore wind-driven flow earlier, in August, but its number decreases after the monsoon change, so the maximum of abundance is not high. Patterns of the transport by cross-shelf currents depend supposedly on the depth of plankton concentration. Recent strengthening of summer monsoon causes heightening of P. parvus abundance in the coastal waters at southern Primorye, up to extreme high values in 2013, but climatic trend of the summer monsoon intensity is negative, so decreasing of this species transport toward Primorye coast and its abundance in the coastal waters, as the Amur Bay, can be expected in the nearest future.

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Al-Hanoun, Kamal, and Wassim Mayya. "Feeding of Paracalanus parvus (Claus, 1863) Order Calanoida (Copepoda) in the Coastal Waters of Baniyas (Eastern Mediterranean)." International Journal of Agriculture & Environmental Science 7, no. 4 (July 4, 2020): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/23942568/ijaes-v7i4p108.

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Lan, Yang-Chi, Ming-An Lee, Wen-Yu Chen, Feng-Jen Hsieh, Jia-Yi Pan, Don-Chung Liu, and Wei-Cheng Su. "Seasonal relationships between the copepod community and hydrographic conditions in the southern East China Sea." ICES Journal of Marine Science 65, no. 3 (December 13, 2007): 462–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsm173.

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Abstract Lan, Y-C., Lee, M-A., Chen, W-Y., Hsieh, F-J., Pan, J-Y., Liu, D-C., and Su, W-C. 2008. Seasonal relationships between the copepod community and hydrographic conditions in the southern East China Sea. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 462–468. We studied the relationship between seasonal variation of the copepod community and hydrographic conditions in the southern East China Sea (ECS). Hydrographic conditions in the southwestern ECS were influenced by the China Coastal Current (CCC) from late autumn to early spring and by the South China Sea Current (SCSC) during the rest of the year, and in the southeastern ECS by the Kuroshio Current (KC) year-round. We identified 141 species of copepods belonging to 54 genera and 27 families. Diversity and evenness of copepods were higher in waters influenced by the KC and the SCSC, and lower in waters with intrusion of the CCC. The CCC transported dominant copepods such as Paracalanus aculeatus, Paracalanus parvus, and Calanus sinicus into the southwestern ECS in late autumn and winter, whereas the SCSC carried Temora discaudata, Oncaea venusta, and P. aculeatus in spring, and Undinula vulgaris, T. discaudata, and P. aculeatus in summer. In the southeastern ECS, the KC brought in tropical copepods having clear seasonal variations throughout the year. We examined the relationships between indicator copepod species and currents and oceanographic conditions, using canonical correlation analysis.

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Giesecke, Ricardo, and Humberto E. González. "Reproduction and feeding of Sagitta enflata in the Humboldt Current system off Chile." ICES Journal of Marine Science 65, no. 3 (March 18, 2008): 361–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsn030.

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Abstract Giesecke, R., and González, H. E. 2008. Reproduction and feeding of Sagitta enflata in the Humboldt Current system off Chile. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 361–370. This study is based on 3 years (August 2002–July 2005) of monthly zooplankton sampling at a fixed station located 18 km off Coliumo Bay (36°S), Chile. The reproduction of Sagitta enflata, its feeding rate, specific daily ration, and prey selectivity were analysed and related to several environmental variables: temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll a concentrations, and both meso- and micro-zooplankton abundance. The main predatory activity of S. enflata was centred on the copepods Paracalanus parvus, Oithona spp., and Calanus chilensis. These three species were consumed at different rates, depending mainly on the maturity of the S. enflata population. When Stages I and II individuals dominated, predation focused on the small P. parvus and Oithona spp., whereas more mature populations (Stages III and IV) preyed selectively on C. chilensis. The mean specific daily ration of 0.1 d−1 increased to 0.5 d−1 before and during maturation. The reproductive phase of S. enflata was closely coupled with the abundance of nauplii, suggesting that chaetognath reproduction paralleled that of copepods, most likely to diminish the mortality of its offspring resulting from starvation. The relationships between these were included in a conceptual model and their ecological significance is discussed.

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Menéndez, María C., Florencia Biancalana, Anabela A. Berasategui, Melisa D. Fernández Severini, Mónica S. Hoffmeyer, and José L. Esteves. "Mesozooplankton composition and spatial distribution, Nuevo Gulf, Patagonia, Argentina." Check List 7, no. 2 (March 1, 2011): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/7.2.101.

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The composition and spatial distribution of mesozooplankton of Nuevo Gulf, Argentina, were analyzed from surface samples taken on July, 1997. A total of 32 taxa were recorded. The highest abundances were found close to Nueva Bay, which is located nearby a growing urban population, whereas the lowest values were detected in the center of the gulf. Holoplankton dominated at all stations and evidenced a homogeneous spatial distribution. Meroplankton showed a more heterogeneous pattern. Ctenocalanus vanus was the most abundant taxon followed by Paracalanus parvus. Gastropoda veligers dominated the meroplanktonic fraction. Our results showed that the spatial distribution of the mesozooplankton seemed to be mainly influenced by the dominant hydrological circulation pattern of the region. This research establishes the first scientific basis for further studies in zooplankton communities of this important gulf, closely related to a natural protected worldwide known area declared a world heritage site by UNESCO.

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Huntley, M., P. Sykes, S. Rohan, and V. Marin. "Chemically-mediated rejection of dinoflagellate prey by the copepods Calanus pacificus and Paracalanus parvus: mechanism, occurrence and significance." Marine Ecology Progress Series 28 (1986): 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps028105.

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El Arraj, Laila, Ouadiaa Tazi, Laila Somoue, Karim Hilmi, Mansour Serghini, and Omar Ettahiri. "Diversity and Copepods’composition off Moroccan Atlantic Coast (Northwest Africa): A Review." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 18 (June 30, 2017): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n18p272.

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This overview sums up the results of main investigations and knowledge about zooplankton off Moroccan Atlantic coast. Copepods diversity, spatial distribution, seasonal variability and hydrology off Moroccan Atlantic coast are given. A compilation of taxonomic list of copepods’ species found therein was established from published studies, they accounted for 210. Diversity and richness varied strongly between seasons, an onshore offshore gradient was observed as well. Species composition differed from northern to southern Moroccan Atlantic coast although most dominant species off Morocco’s coasts were Calanus helgolandicus, Paracalanus parvus, Acartia clausi and Corycaeus typicus. In addition, the largest number of species was found in upwelling regions. A synthesis study was established in order to spatial distribution of copepods along Moroccan Atlantic coast. The Factorial Correspondence Analysis of copepod species characterizing the most important sectors has shown different patterns of copepods distribution across Moroccan Atlantic coast; three main areas were clearly segregated according to their taxonomic composition (Northern, Central and Southern Atlantic).

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Tseng, Li-Chun, Jia-Jang Hung, Juan Carlos Molinero, Qing-Chao Chen, and Jiang-Shiou Hwang. "Indicator species and seasonal succession of planktonic copepod assemblages driven by the interplay of subtropical and temperate waters in the southern East China Sea." Crustaceana 88, no. 1 (2015): 96–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685403-00003396.

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The northeastern region off Taiwan exhibits a high marine diversity favoured by the influence of northern and subtropical water masses driven by the East China Sea Water and the Kuroshio current (KC), respectively. A total of 87 species of copepods representing 36 genera were identified in present study. Calanoida was the most dominant order, while Temora turbinata (Dana, 1849), Paracalanus parvus (Claus, 1863) and Ditrichocorycaeus affinis (McMurrich, 1916) appeared as most dominant species. However, we noticed the unusual presence of the copepod Calanoides philippinensis Kitou & Tanaka, 1969 in concurrence with the dominant influence of KC, which suggests a larger intrusion of South China Sea (SCS) waters into the northeast Taiwan region. C. philippinensis is an exclusive species of the warm subtropical Pacific waters. Its presence in the northern Taiwan region may reflect a larger intrusion of warm SCS waters. We therefore suggest its potential use as a bioindicator of southern, tropical waters in the northern Taiwan area.

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Sun, X. H., S. Sun, C. L. Li, and G. T. Zhang. "Seasonal and spatial variation in abundance and egg production of Paracalanus parvus (Copepoda: Calanoida) in/out Jiaozhou Bay, China." Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 79, no. 4 (September 2008): 637–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2008.06.004.

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BERRAHO, A., H. ABDELOUAHAB, S. CHARIB, S. ESSARRAJ, J. LARISSI, B. ABDELLAOUI, and E. D. CHRISTOU. "Copepod community along the Mediterranean coast of Morocco (Southwestern Alboran Sea) during spring." Mediterranean Marine Science 17, no. 3 (September 20, 2016): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.1733.

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Copepod community along the Mediterranean Moroccan coast was investigated, for the first time, during April 2013. Total abundance varied from 53 to 4557 ind. m-3 and high values were found in coastal waters. Oithona nana and Paracalanus parvus dominated in the entire area and species diversity was decreasing from the West to the East. Hierarchical clustering revealed three groups of stations, depending on their geographic position (western, central and eastern areas). Indicator species analysis pointed out that Clausocalanus furcatus and Gaetanus sp. were significantly associated with Group I, Clausocalanus sp., Centropages sp. and Centropages chierchiae with Group II, whereas Temora longicornis was significantly associated with Group III. Detrended Correspondence Analysis based on the species abundance and environmental variables (temperature, salinity, chlorophyll-a), highlighted a more or less similar setting of stations which was related to salinity and temperature. The presence of three anticyclonic gyres at the northern part of the study area is suggested as the major factor acting on the variability of copepod community along the Mediterranean Moroccan coast.

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Kurt, Tuba Terbiyik, and Sevim Polat. "Seasonal distribution of coastal mesozooplankton community in relation to the environmental factors in İskenderun Bay (north-east Levantine, Mediterranean Sea)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 93, no. 5 (December 18, 2012): 1163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315412001713.

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Mesozooplankton was studied during 2008 in coastal waters of the İskenderun Bay in order to determine seasonal changes in abundance, biomass, community structure and their relationship with environmental factors. Samples were collected seasonally at five stations using WP-2 net of 200 µ mesh size by vertical hauls. A total of 23 planktonic groups including 30 copepod species, 4 cladocerans and 4 chaetognaths were identified. Copepods were the most important group during the whole period of survey. Penilia avirostris was found to be dominant in spring, while Paracalanus parvus in summer and winter, and Acrocalanus gibber in autumn. Mesozooplankton abundance varied from 438 ind m−3 (autumn) to 7163 ind m−3 (spring), while biomass varied between 2.2 mg m−3 (summer) and 52.9 mg m−3 (autumn). Differences in abundance and biomass between seasons were statistically significant (P < 0.01). Clear seasonal distribution patterns were observed in the area. Two peaks in abundance were defined: a major peak in spring and a second minor one in autumn. It seems that the trophic element was the main factor affecting the density distribution of zooplankton populations, whereas species distributions were more affected by hydrographical parameters, namely: seawater temperature and salinity.

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Drira, Zaher, Salma Kmiha-Megdiche, Houda Sahnoun, Marc Pagano, Marc Tedetti, and Habib Ayadi. "Water quality affects the structure of copepod assemblages along the Sfax southern coast (Tunisia, southern Mediterranean Sea)." Marine and Freshwater Research 69, no. 2 (2018): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf17133.

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The Sfax southern coast (Gulf of Gabes, Mediterranean Sea) has been under increased anthropogenic pressure for many years. In the present study we investigated the effects of this anthropisation on the spatial distribution of copepod assemblages in relation to the physicochemical features of seawater at 20 stations sampled on 19 March 2013. Copepods represented 73% of total zooplankton abundance. Small planktonic copepods (<1.45mm), including pollution-tolerant species (e.g. Oithona nana, Paracalanus parvus, Harpacticus littoralis and Tisbe battagliai), proliferated exclusively in stations of ~0.5-m depth characterised by high coastal anthropogenic inputs. The largest copepod species were dominated by Calanus helgolandicus (1.45–2.5mm) in the offshore zone in depths of ~3m. Substantial numbers of Oithona plumifera (7.5%) were found at depths between 0.5 and 3m. Copepod diversity was significantly higher in the southern zone, which is less affected by sewage, than in the northern zone, which was subjected to higher pressure (Shannon–Wiener index H′=1.5–2.5 and ≤1.5 bits individual–1). A shift in the planktonic copepod community between the two zones was linked to deterioration of water quality, with higher phosphorus levels, turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the northern zone.

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Paul, Sourav, and Danilo Calliari. "Sampling estuarine copepods at different scales and resolutions: a study in Rio de la Plata." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 99, no. 5 (December 18, 2018): 1059–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002531541800108x.

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AbstractIn the Rio de la Plata salinity, temperature, chlorophyll a (chl a), and densities (ind. m−3) of the copepods Acartia tonsa and Paracalanus parvus were measured from January to November in 2003 by following a nested weekly and monthly design. Such sampling yielded two separate datasets: (i) Yearly Dataset (YD) which consists of data of one sampling effort per month for 11 consecutive months, and (ii) Seasonal Weekly Datasets (SWD) which consists of data of one sampling effort per week of any four consecutive weeks within each season. YD was assumed as a medium-term low-resolution (MTLR) dataset, and SWD as a short-term high-resolution (STHR) dataset. The hypothesis was, the SWD would always capture (shorter scales generally captures more noise in data) more detail variability of copepod populations (quantified through the regression relationships between temporal changes of salinity, temperature, chl a and copepod densities) than the YD. Analysis of both YD and SWD found that A. tonsa density was neither affected by seasonal cycles, nor temporal variability of salinity, temperature and chl a. Thus, compared to STHR sampling, MTLR sampling did not yield any further information of the variability of population densities of the perennial copepod A. tonsa. Analysis of SWD found that during summer and autumn the population densities of P. parvus had a significant positive relationship to salinity but their density was limited by higher chl a concentration; analysis of YD could not yield such detailed ecological information. That hints the effectiveness of STHR sampling over MTLR sampling in capturing details of the variability of population densities of a seasonal copepod species. Considering the institutional resource limitations (e.g. lack of long-term funding, manpower and infrastructure) and the present hypothesis under consideration, the authors suggest that a STHR sampling may provide useful complementary information to interpret results of longer-term natural changes occurring in estuaries.

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Seo, Min-Ho, Hyeon-Jung Kim, Seok-Ju Lee, So-Yeon Kim, Yang-Ho Yoon, Kyeong-Ho Han, Sang-Duck Choi, Myeong-Taek Kwak, Man-Ki Jeong, and Ho-Young Soh. "Environmental Factors Affecting the Spatiotemporal Distribution of Copepods in a Small Mesotidal Inlet and Estuary." Diversity 13, no. 8 (August 18, 2021): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13080389.

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To understand the environmental factors affecting the spatiotemporal distribution of copepods, sampling was conducted seasonally in a small mesotidal inlet and estuary located in Doam Bay of southwestern Korea. The study area was divided seasonally into two or three station groups (estuarine, mixed, and coastal) by a cluster analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling based on copepod abundance. Acartia forticrusa, A. hudsonica, A. ohtsukai, Paracalanus parvus s. l., Pseudodiaptomus marinus, Tortanus derjugini, T. dextrilobatus, T. forcipatus, Oithona spp., and harpacticoids were important species for grouping the stations. The spatiotemporal distribution of the first two species was restricted to the estuarine area in summer and significantly correlated with temperature, salinity, and chlorophyll-a concentration. The distribution of other brackish species, such as T. derjugini and T. dextrilobatus, significantly correlated with temperature, salinity, and chlorophyll-a concentration. In contrast, A. hudsonica significantly correlated with dinoflagellate density and turbidity in winter, in addition to the abovementioned environmental factors. Acartia hudsonica also maintained a large population in the estuarine area in fall and winter, and its distribution extended across the entire bay in spring. Other coastal species occurred in all areas and did not significantly correlate with environmental factors. Therefore, brackish species in the study area may have developed seasonally different behaviors to sustain their populations.

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Hidaka, Kiyotaka, Hiroshi Itoh, Junya Hirai, and Atsushi Tsuda. "Occurrence of the Paracalanus parvus species complex in offshore waters south of Japan and their genetic and morphological identification to species." Plankton and Benthos Research 11, no. 4 (2016): 131–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3800/pbr.11.131.

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Escribano, Ruben, and Pamela Hidalgo. "Spatial distribution of copepods in the north of the Humboldt Current region off Chile during coastal upwelling." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 80, no. 2 (April 2000): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002531549900185x.

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During the austral spring (December 1996), numerical abundance of copepod species (Crustacea: Copepoda) was estimated from 53 sampling stations scattered over the coastal waters off Mejillones Peninsula, northern Chile. Samples were obtained from two depth strata; 0-50 m and 50-200 m depth. Oceanographic data over the three-day cruise indicated that coastal upwelling was actively occurring during the survey.A total of 19 species was identified, of which four of them, Paracalanus parvus, Oncaea conifera, Oithona similis and Calanus chilensis, accounted for more than 80% of the whole copepod assemblage in terms of numerical abundance. Using the K-means exploratory analysis the 53 locations were grouped into two clusters: an upwelling type and a non-upwelling type. The former characterized by locations nearshore, with low temperature (<17°C) and high chorophyll-a (>13.4 mg m−3), while the latter had warmer waters (>18°C) and low chlorophyll-a (<4.8 mg m−3). Chlorophyll-a (chl-a), distance to shoreline and temperature at 10 m depth (T10) were all significant variables ( P<0.05) for clustering analysis. There was a strong negative correlation between T10 and chl-a ( P<0.01). The same clustering technique, based on species abundance, suggested the presence of a unique cluster, whose composition was dominated by P. parvus, O. similis, Acartia tonsa and Centropages brachiatus. Stepwise multiple regression showed that these species were also strongly correlated to chl-a and T10. Together these analyses suggest that water mass circulation during upwelling is the driving force for structuring spatial patterns of copepod distribution. In addition, a vertical distribution parameter suggested that copepods, independently of time of the day, tended to remain in a large proportion in near surface waters, possibly constrained by a shallow oxygen minimum layer. This implies that advection during active upwelling may cause large fractions of populations being transported offshore, allowing zooplankton export to more oceanic waters. Rapid turnover rates of copepods growing continuously year-round, may act as a mechanism to compensate population losses during persistent coastal upwelling.

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Seregin, S. A., and E. V. Popova. "Species composition and abundance of metazoan microzooplankton in the north-eastern waters of the Black Sea in summer 2013." Marine Biological Journal 1, no. 3 (September 29, 2016): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2016.01.3.06.

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Metazoan microzooplankton plays a crucial role in the feeding of larvae and juveniles of many fish species, including commercial. The aim of the work was to study the metazoan microzooplankton abundance and species composition in the waters of North-East of the Black Sea, for which such information is rare. Bathometric water samples for the research were taken in 2 water areas in the Kerch sea area: on the shelf (I) and in continental slope waters (II). The concentration of plankton in the surface layer above large depths was almost 2 times higher and the proportion of neritic species was much lower compared to the waters over the shelf. The character of the microzooplankton abundance vertical distribution depended on the temperature and salinity gradients expression. Compared with the coastal waters of the southern coast of Crimea general decline of the abundance with depth is much more pronounced over the continental slope. Copepods of the genus Acartia and Centropages ponticus were dominating in the upper layers of the water; a recent invader in the Black Sea Oithona davisae played a significant role in the shelf waters, also. Abundant copepod species in the waters under thermocline were Oithona similis, Acartia clausi, Paracalanus parvus; Rotifera dominated in non-crustacean plankton. Newly obtained and previously published data indicate an increasing trend of total micrometazoans abundance in the Crimean Black Sea waters in recent years.

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Tang, K. W., Q. C. Chen, and C. K. Wong. "Diel vertical migration and gut pigment rhythm of Paracalanus parvus, P. crassirostris, Acartia erythraea and Eucalanus subcrassus (Copepoda, Calanoida) in Tolo Harbour, Hong Kong." Hydrobiologia 292-293, no. 1 (January 1994): 389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00229964.

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Vincent, Dorothée, Christophe Luczak, and Benoît Sautour. "Effects of a brief climatic event on zooplankton community structure and distribution in Arcachon Bay (France)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 82, no. 1 (February 2002): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315402005143.

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Short-term changes in zooplankton community structure and distribution in relation to changes in hydrological features were studied during summer in two distinct areas of Arcachon Bay (France) from July to September 1986. One sampling site was chosen in the northern part of the bay, influenced by oceanic inputs, and the other one in the south-eastern part of the bay, close to an estuarine zone, influenced by the River Leyre's inputs. Three different zooplankton assemblages were identified according to a temperature–salinity gradient: (i) an estuarine assemblage dominated by Acartia bifilosa and Acartia tonsa; (ii) an autochthonous assemblage composed of Acartia discaudata; and (iii) a coastal neritic one composed of Paracalanus parvus, Oncaea venusta and Penilia avirostris. All these latter assemblages remained stable during most part of the study period. However, a brief climatic event (storm event) occurred in mid-August and gave rise to a sharp decrease in temperatures along with significant changes in zooplankton structure and distributions in the bay. The estuarine community vanished and was replaced by the autochthonous community. In the northern part of the bay, the coastal neritic community succeeded the previously observed autochthonous community. The effect of this brief climatic event was durable since recovery time lasted two weeks with regard to hydrological features and zooplankton communities. In addition, the climatic event also had ecological consequences since it permitted spreading of planktonic organisms from small-localized areas throughout the bay.

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Gordina, A. D., Ju A. Zagorodnyaya, A. E. Kideys, L. Bat, and H. H. Satilmis. "Summer ichthyoplankton, food supply of fish larvae and impact of invasive ctenophores on the nutrition of fish larvae in the Black Sea during 2000 and 2001." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 85, no. 3 (June 2005): 537–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002531540501146x.

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Qualitative composition and abundance of both ichthyoplankton and small forms of zooplankton were evaluated by field studies in the northern (the Crimea near Sevastopol) and southern (Sinop region and TEEZ) Black Sea during the summers 2000 and 2001. A tendency of increasing the species richness, abundance of fish eggs and larvae as well as zooplankton (which is the food for fish larvae) was observed over a period of Mnemiopsis leidyi and Beroe ovata co-existence. The eggs and larvae of the Mediterranean migrants—bonito and bluefish appeared again in the coastal waters near Sevastopol, which testified to favourable conditions for the spawning and nutrition of these fish species and their larvae. Aborigen copepod Oithona nana was found in the Crimean coastal waters although earlier in the 1990s it had completely vanished. Although rare in the 1990s copepods Centropages ponticus and Paracalanus parvus appeared in inshore waters as well as Pontellids species. Observed increases in species number and abundance of both ichthyoplankton and small zooplankton (≤500 μm), which promoted survival and development of fish larvae, were attributed to reduced predatory impact of Mnemiopsis on prey zooplankton after the arrival of Beroe in the late 1990s. However, the influence of Mnemiopsis continued to be significant during the short period of its peak occurrence in late summer. When this period coincided with the appearance of fish larvae, a negative impact on their survival could be predicted due to a low concentration of food items for larvae feeding.

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Ramfos, Alexis, Stylianos Somarakis, Constantin Koutsikopoulos, and Nina Fragopoulu. "Summer mesozooplankton distribution in coastal waters of central Greece (eastern Mediterranean). II. Species assemblages." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 85, no. 4 (June 27, 2005): 765–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315405011677.

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Mesozooplankton distribution was investigated over an intensive grid of 124 stations in coastal and pelagic waters of central Greece (eastern Mediterranean) during July 1998. The complex topography of the area consisted of various semi-enclosed gulfs as well as open-sea areas and provided excellent fieldwork for determining species assemblages, their relationships to environmental parameters and the distribution and abundance patterns of the copepod species.Three coastal and one pelagic group of stations were revealed by cluster analysis. Inverse analysis of species affinities defined distinct ‘coastal’ and ‘pelagic’ species assemblages. All coastal areas were dominated by a small number of species (e.g. Penilia avirostris, Podon spp., Ctenocalanus vanus, Paracalanus parvus and Centropages typicus) all belonging to the ‘coastal’ assemblage. Differences among these coastal areas were mainly due to small changes in relative abundance of a common-species list. On the contrary, pelagic stations were characterized by higher species diversity, low dominance and the presence of characteristic epipelagic and mesopelagic species of the Mediterranean Sea (e.g. Calocalanus spp., Haloptilus longicornis, Lucicutia flavicornis, Mecynocera clausi, Farranula rostrata, Mesocalanus tenuicornis and Oncaea mediterranea).The observed differences in taxonomic composition and abundance of zooplankton were related to the marked differences in salinity values observed between the eastern and western part of the surveyed area. Bathymetry, temperature and fluorescence were also related with the inshore–offshore gradient of the zooplankton community observed in the pelagic areas as well as with the discrimination of the zooplankton communities of the various semi-enclosed gulfs of the region.

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MANDIĆ, MILICA, BRANKA PESTORIĆ, OLIVERA MARKOVIĆ, MIRKO DUROVIĆ, and DRAGANA DRAKULOVIĆ. "Plankton community of trafficked ports as a baseline reference for Non Indigenous Species arrivals. Case study of the Port of Bar (South Adriatic Sea)." Mediterranean Marine Science 20, no. 4 (December 20, 2019): 718. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.19135.

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Plankton (ichthyo, zoo and phyto) communities were studied in the temperate shallow waters of the Port of Bar, one of the main cargo ports on the south-eastern Adriatic coast. Sampling was undertaken in February, April, June and October 2015 at 12 stations using the BALMAS Port Baseline Survey protocol. The research was conducted to determine the presence of invasive and potentially toxic plankton species in the port.The most dominant species of ichthyoplankton were eggs and larvae of families Engraulidae, Bothidae and Sparidae with a dominance of Engraulis encrasicolus, Arnoglossus laterna and Diplodus annularis. In addition to ichthyoplankton, sampling of phyto and zooplankton was performed to estimate the abundance and diversity of species.The most numerous zooplankton species throughout investigated period were Penilia avirostris, Euterpina acutifrons, Oithona nana, Acartia clausi, Centropages kroyeri, Paracalanus parvus, Oncaeidae and larvae of Bivalvia. One very unusual occurrence was the spawning of parrotfish Sparisoma cretense (Linnaeus, 1758), a species with Atlantic origin and tropical affinities, whose presence throughout the Mediterranean has shown an increasing trend over the last decade. The most dominant species of phytoplankton were the diatoms Chaetoceros affinis and Chaetoceros spp., Asterionellopsis glacialis, Pseudo-nitzschia spp., Thalassionema nitzschioides, and dinoflagellates Gymnodinium spp. and Prorocentrum triestinum. The potentially toxic species from genus Pseudo- nitzschia reached an abundance of 104 cells L-1. Toxic dinoflagellates Prorocentrum cordatum and P. micans reached values of 103 cells L-1.Although there were no HAOP species found during the survey, presence of several potentially toxic and toxic phytoplankton species whose impact is not sufficiently known indicates the necessity of introduction of regular monitoring activities and definition of preventive protection measures.

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Kasapidis, Panagiotis, Ioanna Siokou, Meriem Khelifi-Touhami, Maria Grazia Mazzocchi, Maria Matthaiaki, Epaminondas Christou, Maria Luz Fernandez de Puelles, et al. "Revising the taxonomic status and distribution of the Paracalanus parvus species complex (Copepoda, Calanoida) in the Mediterranean and Black Seas through an integrated analysis of morphology and molecular taxonomy." Journal of Plankton Research 40, no. 5 (September 1, 2018): 595–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fby036.

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Kasyan, V. V. "Spatial and temporal changes of species composition and population density of copepods (Crustacea: Copepoda) in the Far Eastern Marine Reserve (Sea of Japan)." Marine Biological Journal 2, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2017.02.1.05.

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In Russia the Far East Marine Reserve (FEMR) is the Federal Nature Reserve with the richest but insufficiently studied biodiversity. Spatiotemporal variations in the zooplankton dwelling in the area were sporadically observed over 20 years ago. The recent investigation focused on the species composition, population density and distribution of copepods – the basic member of zooplankton in FEMR. Samples of plankton were taken from 10 stations above the 50-m isobath monthly during June – September 2012, the months when temperature in the seawater area varies widest. The Calanoida and Cyclopoida copepods were represented by 17 and by 4 species, respectively; 21 species altogether. Genera Acartia and Oithona had larger diversity – by 4 species each. Marine species dominated in the samples (80 % of the total species number), neritic – in the biotope (58 %). The copepods were boreal (55 %) and tropical + subtropical (45 %). Species number increased to 16 in June and dropped to 5 in September. Oithona similis and Pseudocalanus newmani dominated during June – July, Paracalanus parvus, Oithona brevicornis and O. similis – in August, and P. parvus and O. brevicornis – in September. The abundance and diversity decreased in all areas of the reserve from June to September. In June, when the cold-water O. similis, P. newmani, Acartia hudsonica и Eurytemora pacifica prevailed, the average population density (20959±3007 ind.·m-3) maximally increased and in September it was minimal. Concentrations of copepods were largest (to 36 thousand ind.·m-3) above the 10-m depth in the Gulf of Posyet (western FEMR) in June. Cluster analysis applied to the total seawater area of the reserve evaluated Bray – Curtis coefficient as 60 %; three plankton copepod complexes were determined, species composition in each formed under the influence of the water mass. The complexes from the west and the east of FEMR had larger species richness and population density. In the shallow-water western complex high densities of brackish-water copepods (genera Acartia, Eurytemora, Centropages, Tortanus and Pseudodiaptomus) suggested presence of estuarine and coastal waters whereas tropical and subtropical O. nana, Mesocalanus tenuicornis, Pseudodiatomus inopinus – warm-water intrusion from the East Korea current. The concurrent presence of cold- and warm-water copepods in the deep-water eastern complex in summer evidenced the water stratification effect when cold water from the Sea of Japan dominated in the depth and its warmer modification – in the upper seawater layer. The diversity and density were poorest in the southern complex, largely of Panthalassa and neritic copepods. In summer, large presence of cold-water copepods O. similis and P. newmani indicated the cold-water mass penetration to near-bottom layer; numbers estimates of these copepods can represent the degree of the cold-water effect in the south of the reserve. The copepod distribution, stable abundance and diversity in the seawater area south of FEMR suggested desalination by the river influx and, possibly, harmful impact of pollutants. Species composition and quantitative characteristics of copepods can be used for environmental quality determination in different areas of FEMR.

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Isari, Stamatina, Stylianos Somarakis, Epaminondas D. Christou, and Nina Fragopoulu. "Summer mesozooplankton assemblages in the north-eastern Aegean Sea: the influence of Black Sea water and an associated anticyclonic eddy." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 91, no. 1 (June 2, 2010): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315410000123.

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The north-eastern Aegean Sea (NEA) is a marine system of high hydrological complexity, principally induced by the inflow and subsequent advection of the low salinity (<30) Black Sea water (BSW). This water mass occupies the upper layer (~0–20 m) of the NEA and plays a key role in the determination of circulation patterns and the generation of various frontal and eddy structures. Here we are concerned with the examination of mesozooplankton assemblages in the NEA during the thermal stratification period (July 2004) in two discrete sampling layers: (a) Layer 1 (from the base of halocline to the surface: ~0–20 m) which is directly influenced by BSW; and (b) the deeper ~20–50 m layer (Layer 2). Our main objective was to assess the response of mesozooplankton to the BSW and the associated hydrological structures. In July 2004, the BSW was mainly restricted in the eastern part of the NEA where it was entrapped in a ~50-km wide anticyclonic gyre (Samothraki gyre). A marked spatial differentiation in mesozooplankton assemblage structure, significantly related to this hydrodynamic partitioning, was detected in Layer 1. Sampling sites under the direct influence of low salinity–high temperature gyre waters were characterized by a considerably higher mesozooplankton stock than the remaining area, mainly due to the outstanding numerical dominance of the cladoceran species Penilia avirostris. Copepods displayed notably low densities within the gyre and low species diversity, the calanoid Temora stylifera was the only abundant species. The mesozooplankton community outside the gyre zone shifted towards lower levels of total abundance, with a lesser contribution of cladocerans and an increase in the importance of small-sized copepods (e.g. Acartia clausi, Paracalanus parvus, copepodites of Oithona spp. and Clausocalanus spp.). In the subsurface layer (Layer 2), the mesozooplankton community also exhibited spatial heterogeneity which could be hardly explained by variability in environmental parameters. The periphery of the anticyclone below the halocline was distinguished from the remaining neritic area, presenting markedly high mesozooplankton productivity and distinct group composition. An inverse pattern in the mesozooplankton stock vertical distribution was observed at the periphery of the gyre (Layer 2> Layer 1) comparative to the remaining sites (Layer 1 > Layer 2), which was mainly due to unusually high concentrations of surface-living zooplankters below the halocline. The latter could be explained in terms of expected water flow patterns in an anticyclonic eddy.

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Aideed, Moteah Sheikh, Najla O. Al Habshi, and Naeem A. K. Alamoudi. "Presence and Composition of Planktons’ Organisms in Ships Ballast Water Discharged in Al-Mukalla Harbor, Gulf of Aden." Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research, March 20, 2018, 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajfar/2018/v1i1254.

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This was the first study in Yemen, and Gulf of Aden aims to investigate the marine organisms in ballast water and sediments, and gives baseline information defines the zooplankton, phytoplankton and invertebrates, associated fuel tankers. Samples from Ballast water were taken from three ships that arrived at Mukalla Port, the Hadhramout coast from ports of Hamriyah port, U.A.E; ports of Taheri, Iran; and Bosaso Somalia (MT: Gulf Petroleum III, MT: Prime Royal, and M T: Breu) respectively. The marine organisms in samples were presented by three taxonomic groups, phytoplankton, zooplankton and benthos. Fifty-eight taxa were identified within this study; which consisted of 17 phytoplankton, 18 zooplanktons and 23 Benthos. The highest density of phytoplankton was 21 Ind/L, with the occurrence of 17 species found in ballast water, while 22 Ind/50cc of 2 species in sediment samples of the tanker Beru, and fewer densities were in Gulf Petroleum and Prim Royal. The most common phytoplankton observed were Coscinodiscus granii, Coscinodiscus jonesianus and Thalassiosira eccentric. The low Zooplankton density was 13 Ind/L with an occurrence of 18 species found in Prim Royal tanker. Copepods were the most dominant zooplankton among the three tankers. Paracalanus parvus had the highest value of dominance followed by Calanopia parathompsoni, Acrocalanus gracilis and Paracalanus denudatus had the lowest occurrence over three tankers. Seven taxa of Dinoflagellates were identified; two of them Ceratium fusus and polykrikos sp. are known to be harmful species.

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He, Xuejia, Ziyu Wang, Ziqing Bai, Liuyu Han, and Mianrun Chen. "Diel Feeding Rhythm and Grazing Selectivity of Small-Sized Copepods in a Subtropical Embayment, the Northern South China Sea." Frontiers in Marine Science 8 (June 9, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.658664.

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Small marine copepods are key components of the pelagic food webs in Chinese coastal waters, but very few studies have addressed their trophodynamics, with even fewer studies addressing their diel feeding rhythms. In this study, the diel feeding rhythm and grazing selectivity of the copepod assemblage in Daya Bay during September 30 to October 2, 2014, were studied based on gut pigment analysis. Small copepods (body length < 1.5 mm) including Paracalanus parvus, Temora turbinata, Acrocalanus gibber, Temora stylifera, Euterpe acutifrons, and Acrocalanus gracilis, accounted for 73.9–100% of the total copepod abundance. The copepod assemblage generally exhibited a diurnal feeding pattern, characterized by a higher gut pigment content and ingestion rate during the daytime, consistent with variation in the ambient Chl α concentration. Fifty-five percent of the phytoplankton standing stock per day was consumed by the copepod assemblage, wherein diatoms, prymnesiophytes, and cyanobacteria were the main prey items with average contributions of 19.4–32.9% to the gut pigment contents. The copepod assemblage showed a strong feeding preference for prymnesiophytes, a weak feeding preference for diatoms, and avoidance of cyanobacteria. These results suggest a strong top-down control on phytoplankton community, especially on small groups from small copepods in the Daya Bay ecosystem.

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Fernández de Puelles, María Luz, Magdalena Gazá, Miguel Cabanellas-Reboredo, Alba González-Vega, Inma Herrera, Carmen Presas-Navarro, Jesús M. Arrieta, and Eugenio Fraile-Nuez. "Abundance and Structure of the Zooplankton Community During a Post-eruptive Process: The Case of the Submarine Volcano Tagoro (El Hierro; Canary Islands), 2013-2018." Frontiers in Marine Science 8 (July 23, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.692885.

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The mesozooplankton community was analyzed over a 6-year period (2013-2018) during the post-eruptive stage of the submarine volcano Tagoro, located south of the island of El Hierro (Canary Archipelago, Spain). Nine cruises from March 2013 to March 2018 were carried out in two different seasons, spring (March-April) and autumn (October). A high-resolution study was carried out across the main cones of Tagoro volcano, as well as a large number of reference stations surrounding El Hierro (unaffected by the volcano). The zooplankton community at the reference stations showed a high similarity with more than 85% of the variation in abundance and composition attributable to seasonal differences. Moreover, our data showed an increase in zooplankton abundance in waters affected by the volcano with a higher presence of non-calanoid copepods and a decline in the diversity of the copepod community, indicating that volcanic inputs have a significant effect on these organisms. Fourteen different zooplankton groups were found but copepods were dominant (79%) with 59 genera and 170 species identified. Despite the high species number, less than 30 presented a larger abundance than 1%. Oncaea and Clausocalanus were the most abundant genera followed by Oithona and Paracalanus (60%). Nine species dominated (>2%): O. media, O. plumifera, and O. setigera among the non-calanoids and M. clausi, P. nanus, P. parvus, C. furcatus, C. arcuicornis, and N. minor among the calanoids. After the initial low abundance of the copepods as a consequence of the eruption, an increase was observed in the last years of the study, where besides the small Paracalanus and Clausocalanus, the Cyclopoids seem to have a good adaptive strategy to the new water conditions. The increase in zooplankton abundance and the decline in the copepod diversity in the area affected by the volcano indicate that important changes in the composition of the zooplankton community have occurred. The effect of the volcanic emissions on the different copepods was more evident in spring when the water was cooler and the mixing layer was deeper. Further and longer research is recommended to monitor the zooplankton community in the natural laboratory of the Tagoro submarine volcano.

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"The Vertical Migration Behaviour of Two Calanoid Copepods, Acartia Tonsa Dana, 1849 and Paracalanus Parvus (Claus, 1863) in a Stratified Tropical Bay in Brazil." Crustaceana 77, no. 8 (2004): 941–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568540042781784.

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Lee, Pei-Wen, Shih-Hui Hsiao, Chi Chou, Li-Chun Tseng, and Jiang-Shiou Hwang. "Zooplankton Fluctuations in the Surface Waters of the Estuary of a Large Subtropical Urban River." Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 9 (March 3, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.598274.

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The Danshuei River has a third largest catchment area and third longest in Taiwan. It flows through the capital, Taipei, and more than six million people live within its catchment area. Its estuary is characterized by a highly variable chemical and physical environment that is affected by the interaction of inland freshwater runoff with wastewater, and toward the coast is also influenced by the China Coastal Current and the Kuroshio Current. By collecting zooplankton bimonthly in 2014 from the surface layer (0–2 m depth) at five sites in the estuary, we were able to demonstrate that the composition of the zooplankton, and particularly its copepod fraction, varied significantly among sampling stations and months, thereby revealing seasonal succession. Fourteen higher taxa or other categories of zooplankter were identified, with the following being most common taxa: Decapoda, Copepoda (including Calanoida, Cyclopoida, and Harpacticoida), and “other larvae.” The Copepoda comprised 44 taxa (including eight only identified to genus) belonging to 3 orders, 17 families, and 29 genera, the five most abundant of which were Bestiolina n. sp. (undescribed), Corycaeus spp., Parvocalanus crassirostris, Acartia sp., and Paracalanus parvus. The highest and lowest copepod abundances were recorded in July (2557.88 inds. m–3) and January (1.3 inds. m–3), respectively. Observed changes in abundance of many kinds of copepod appeared to be significantly related to changes in physico-chemical parameters (e.g., salinity, temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen concentration). Cluster analysis confirmed the existence of distinct copepod communities, each characterized by a preference for a different set of environmental conditions. Our comprehensive literature review of the copepod biodiversity of Taiwan’s major rivers for comparison with similar data compiled for other estuaries in the world, the first time such a review has been compiled, shows that 32 copepod taxa have been recorded from the brackish and freshwater parts of the Danshuei River. They represent 58.2% of the total number of brackish- and freshwater copepod species in Taiwan, and five of them have so far only been recorded in the Danshuei River: the calanoids Acartiella sinensis and Pseudodiaptomus forbesi, the cyclopoids Oithona fragilis and Oithona simplex, and the harpacticoid Tachidius (Tachidius) discipes.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Paracalanus parvus'

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