Relevant bibliographies by topics / Paracetamolis

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Academic literature on the topic 'Paracetamolis'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Paracetamolis"

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Lindžiūtė, Ugnė, Eglė Zlatkutė, Tadas Urbonas, Tomas Bukauskas, Donatas Simonaitis, and Andrius Macas. "POOPERACINIO SKAUSMO VALDYMO INTRAVENINIAIS LORNOKSIKAMU IR ACETAMINOFENU PALYGINIMAS PO RADIKALIŲ PROSTATEKTOMIJŲ." Sveikatos mokslai 27, no. 2 (June 12, 2017): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5200/sm-hs.2017.023.

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Nesteroidiniai vaistai nuo uždegimo yra skirti įvairaus tipo ir lokalizacijos skausmui malšinti. Gera pooperacinio skausmo kontrolė yra svarbi norint išvengti skausmo potencijuojamo paciento būklės pablogėjimo, pvz., tachikardijos, hipertenzijos, miokardo išemijos, alveolių ventiliacijos sumažėjimo, prasto žaizdų gijimo. Šiame tyrime lyginsime acetaminofeno ir lornoksikamo efektyvumą pooperaciniam skausmui malšinti. Darbo tikslas: įvertinti lornoksikamo analgezijos efektyvumo jėgą pooperaciniu laikotarpiu pacientams po radikalių prostatektomijų. Metodai. Įtraukti 35 pacientai, gydyti 2015-2016 metais LSMUL KK Urologijos skyriuje, kuriems atlikta radikali prostatektomija. Gavus raštišką sutikimą, atsitiktiniu būdu pacientams operacijos pabaigoje sušvirkščiami intraveninio lornoksikamo 8 mg arba acetaminofeno 1000mg. Pilvo skausmas vertinamas prieš operaciją, po operacijos praėjus 3, 6, 12 ir 24 valandoms. Rezultatai. Prieš operaciją pilvo skausmą lornoksikamo (L) grupėje jautė 1 (6,25 proc.) pacientas, o acetaminofeno (A) grupėje 1 (5,26 proc.) pacientas jautė rankos skausmą. Po operacijos praėjus 3 valandoms A grupėje 9 (47,37 proc.) pacientai skundėsi vidutinio stiprumo skausmu ir 3 (15,79 proc.) – stipriu skausmu. L grupėje po operacijos praėjus 3 valandoms 3 (18,75 proc.) pacientai jautė stiprų skausmą. Tarp A ir L vaistų po operacijos praėjus 3, 6, 12 ir 24 val. statistiškai reikšmingo skirtumo nebuvo (p=0,329; p=0,917; p=0,4; p=0,903, atitinkamai). Išvados. Intraveninis lornoksikamas ir acetaminofenas efektyviai malšina skausmą po radikalių prostatektomijų. Lornoksikamas i/v nuo skausmo toks pat efektyvus kaip paracetamolis i/v pacientams po radikalių prostatektomijų. Intraveninis lornoksikamas ir paracetamolis yra tinkami vartoti vidutinio stiprumo ir stipriam skausmui malšinti ankstyvuoju pooperaciniu laikotarpiu.
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Hinz, Burkhard, and Kay Brune. "Paracetamol and cyclooxygenase inhibition: is there a cause for concern?" Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 71, no. 1 (October 28, 2011): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ard.2011.200087.

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Paracetamol is recommended as first-line therapy for pain associated with osteoarthrosis and is one of the most widely used over-the-counter analgesic drugs worldwide. Despite its extensive use, its mode of action is still unclear. Although it is commonly stated that paracetamol acts centrally, recent data imply an inhibitory effect on the activity of peripheral prostaglandin-synthesising cyclooxygenase enzymes. In this context paracetamol has been suggested to inhibit both isoforms in tissues with low levels of peroxide by reducing the higher oxidation state of cyclooxygenase enzymes. Two recent studies have also demonstrated a preferential cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibition by paracetamol under different clinically relevant conditions. This review attempts to relate data on paracetamol's inhibitory action on peripheral cyclooxygenase enzymes to the published literature on its anti-inflammatory action and its hitherto underestimated side-effects elicited by cyclooxygenase inhibition. As a result, a pronounced COX-2 inhibition by paracetamol is expected to occur in the endothelium, possibly explaining its cardiovascular risk in epidemiological studies. A careful analysis of paracetamol's cardiovascular side-effects in randomised studies is therefore strongly advised. On the basis of epidemiological data showing an increased gastrointestinal risk of paracetamol at high doses or when co-administered with classic cyclooxygenase inhibitors, paracetamol's long-term gastrointestinal impact should be investigated in randomised trials. Finally, paracetamol's fast elimination and consequently short-lived COX-2 inhibition, which requires repetitive dosing, should be definitely considered to avoid overdosage leading to hepatotoxicity.
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Oestmann, Andreas, and Annika Stöppler. "Die saure Patientin." Praxis 108, no. 4 (April 2019): 283–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1661-8157/a003201.

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Zusammenfassung. Wir berichten über eine 75-jährige Patientin mit einer metabolischen Azidose mit erhöhter Anionenlücke. Die Abklärung ergab eine Pyroglutamatazidose, bedingt durch eine Behandlung mit Paracetamol in therapeutischer Dosierung bei gleichzeitigem Vorliegen weiterer Risikofaktoren wie Mangelernährung, Alkoholkonsum, Niereninsuffizienz, Hepatopathie und weibliches Geschlecht. Nach Sistieren des Paracetamols und Verabreichung von Bicarbonat und N-Acetylcystein wurde eine rasche klinische und laboranalytische Besserung erreicht.
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Piluckis, Julius, Martyna Šopauskienė, and Rugilė Dubickaitė. "IŠORINIS OTITAS: RIZIKOS VEIKSNIAI, DIAGNOSTIKA IR GYDYMAS." Health Sciences 31, no. 1 (February 6, 2021): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.35988/sm-hs.2021.005.

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Išorinis otitas, kitaip žinomas kaip „plaukiko ausis“, yra išorinės klausomosios landos uždegimas. Jis gali būti infekcinis ir neinfekcinis. Išorinis otitas dažnai pasitaiko vyresniems nei 2 metų pacientams, 10 proc. populiacijos suserga šia liga nors kartą per gyvenimą. Darbo tikslas – susipažinti su išorinio otito rizikos veiksniais, diagnostika ir gydymu. Pasitelkiant LSMU virtualios bibliotekos šaltinius, buvo apžvelgta mokslinė literatūra nagrinėjamąja tema ir atlikta mokslinių straipsnių analizė. Daugumoje straipsnių buvo paminėti šie rizikos veiksniai: drėgmės susilaikymas ausyse, ausų pH padidėjimas, imunosupresinė būklė, alerginės dermatozės, mechaninis klausomosios landos epitelio pažeidimas. Simptomai skirstomi į specifiškus (ypač jautrus kramslys ir ausies kaušelis) ir nespecifiškus (ausies skausmas, otorėja, niežėjimas, eritema ir klausomosios landos patinimas). Galimas kondukcinis klausos susilpnėjimas. Liga diagnozuojama remiantis klinikiniais požymiais ir klausomosios landos uždegimo simptomais. Svarbu atlikti otoskopiją ar klausomosios landos ir ausies būgnelio (jei vizualizuojasi) otomikroskopinį ištyrimą. Jei ausies būgnelis nesivizualizuoja, reikia atlikti atrankinius klausos testus ar audiologinį ištyrimą. Šie tyrimai atliekami diferencijuojant susirgimą nuo viduriniosios ausies uždegimo. Daugumai pacientų pakanka ambulatorinio gydymo. Kruopštus tualetas, valymas, sausumo palaikymas padeda užtikrinti tinkamą vietinio vartojimo medikamentų patekimą į tolimąją klausomosios landos dalį. Ausų lašai su antibiotikais yra pirmo pasirinkimo gydymas pacientams, sergantiems ūminiu išoriniu otitu. Kombinuota vietine antibiotikų ir gliukokortikosteroidų terapija gydomų pacientų simptomai mažėja viena diena greičiau, nei vien tik vietinio vartojimo antibiotikais gydomų asmenų. Skausmo gydymas yra svarbi gydymo dalis. Lengvo ir vidutinio sunkumo skausmui malšinti tinka paracetamolis ir geriamieji nesteroidiniai vaistai nuo uždegimo. Lašinti analgetikų nerekomenduojama, nes jų efektyvumas nepakankamas, jie galimai maskuoja būklės blogėjimą ar komplikacijų atsiradimą. Sisteminė antibiotikoterapija skiriama tik išskirtiniais atvejais ir tik po gydytojo otorinolaringologo ar gydytojo infektologo konsultacijos. Sunkesnės išorinio otito formos (furunkulas, piktybinis nekrozinis otitas, otomikozė, su dermatozėmis susijęs išorinis otitas) gydomos atsižvelgiant į jį sukėlusią priežastį, bendradarbiaujant su gydytoju otorinolaringologu.
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Mystakidou, MD, PhD, Kyriaki, Emmanuela Katsouda, MD, PhD, Vassilios Kouloulias, MD, PhD, John Kouvaris, MD, PhD, Marinos Tsiatas, MD, and Lambros Vlahos, MD, PhD. "Comparison of transdermal fentanyl with codeine/paracetamol, in combination with radiotherapy, for the management of metastatic bone pain." Journal of Opioid Management 1, no. 4 (September 1, 2005): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jom.2005.0044.

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Radiotherapy (R/T) is frequently used for palliative treatment of painful bone metastases; however, complete alleviation of pain is not always achieved. This study was designed to evaluate pain management outcomes and quality of life (QoL) measures in cancer patients with metastatic bone pain receiving a combination of R/T and either transdermal therapeutic fentanyl (TTS-F) patches or codeine/paracetamol.A total of 460 palliative care patients with bone metastases who received R/T were enrolled in this prospective, open-label study. The patients were randomized to initially receive a total dose of 120 mg codeine/paracetamol per day or TTS-F patches releasing 25 μg fentanyl per hour. Pain measures were assessed on the basis of selected questions from the Greek-Brief Pain Inventory. Overall treatment satisfaction (scale, 1 to 4), QoL, and European Collaborative Oncology Group status were also recorded.Among the 460 patients, 422 were eligible for evaluation. Pain measures in the TTS-F group demonstrated statistically significant improvements during the study that were superior to those in the codeine/paracetamol group (p < 0.05). Likewise, there was a significantly greater increase (p < 0.05) in the mean satisfaction score for patients in TTS-F group at every visit between baseline and month two. The vast majority (95.8 percent) of patients in the codeine/paracetamol group increased their medication dosage until the end of the study, whereas in the TTS-F group the respective percentage was only 6.1. Both treatments were generally well tolerated, with constipation as the most common side effect followed by sleep disturbances and nausea. The overall frequencies of side effects were higher in the codeine/paracetamol group.The results therefore indicate that TTS-F offers more effective pain relief than codeine/paracetamol, in combination with R/T, in patients with metastatic bone pain, obtaining complete treatment satisfaction matched by improvements in their QoL.
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Kar, Ayan Kumar, and Banhishikha Kar. "In-Vitro Comparative Dissolution Study of Commercially Available Paracetamol Tablet." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 10, no. 1 (January 15, 2020): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v10i1.3817.

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Quality is the most important issue in the pharmaceutical field due to the presence of a drug which is considered as safe and therapeutically active agent. In-vitro evaluation ensures their quality, bioavailability as well as optimum therapeutic activity. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) which are the active metabolites of phenacetin is commonly used for the relief of headaches and pains, and is a major ingredient in numerous cold and flu remedies. Paracetamols are available in different brands in Indian market. The main objective of the present study was to conduct the comparative in-vitro dissolution studies of various brands collected from the local market to determine whether all the formulations used were equivalent or significantly different. The calibration curve was constructed covering the concentration range of 1 to 10 mcg/ml at 268 nm by UV spectrophotometer (UV 2203 Double beam spectrophotometer, Shimadzu). Five different brands of Paracetamol of 500 mg conventional tablets from different manufacturers were selected in the study and dissolution testing in Phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 was conducted from each brands for 90 mins by using dissolution testing apparatus USP type-II. The dissolution rate was subjected to various mathematical models like zero order, first order, Higuchi and Hixson-Crowell equations to elucidate the kinetic behavior of drug release from the test samples. Different release kinetics model of all the selected brands was assuring the quality standard of manufacturing. Keywords: Paracetamol, Marketed Tablet, In-Vitro dissolution study, Release profile.
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García García, AM, J. Cobos Rodríguez, AJ García Ferreira, and AJ García Cortés. "Acetaminophen acute hepatotoxicity." Revista Andaluza de Patología Digestiva 43, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37352/2020432.1.

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Resumen El paracetamol es el medicamento antipirético y analgésico más utilizado en el mundo. La lesión hepática debida a una sobredosis intencional o no de este fármaco es una situación común que los médicos deben tener en cuenta. La toxicidad que puede producir implica vías metabólicas que tienen lugar en los microsomas de los hepatocitos y puede manifestarse como una hipertransaminasemia asintomática o puede llegar a producir una insuficiencia hepática aguda. La clínica es variada y generalmente ocurre en cuatro fases secuenciales. Para establecer la necesidad de tratamiento con N-acetilcisteína se utiliza el nomograma Rumack-Mathew ya que puede reducir la progresión a un fallo hepático si se administra de manera precoz tras una sobredosis aguda. Sin embargo en algunos pacientes seleccionados puede ser necesario el trasplante hepático.
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&NA;. "Paracetamol see Dextropropoxyphene/paracetamol." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 350 (May 1991): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199103500-00043.

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&NA;. "Paracetamol see Aspirin + paracetamol." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 360 (July 1991): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199103600-00053.

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Aguilar, M. I., S. J. Hart, and I. C. Calder. "Complete separation of urinary metabolites of paracetamol and substituted paracetamols by reversed-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography." Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 426 (January 1988): 315–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4347(00)81959-3.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Paracetamolis"

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Ciegis, Paulius. "Alprazolamo, kodeino ir paracetamolio mišinio kokybinė analizė plonasluoksnės ir efektyviosios skysčių chromatografijos metodais." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140618_233534-96441.

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Darbo tikslas: Optimizuoti plonasluoksnės chromatografijos ir efektyviosios skysčių chromatografijos metodikas, tinkamas alprazolamo, kodeino ir paracetamolio kokybiniam įvertinimui. Tyrimo objektas ir metodai: Optimizuojant PC metodiką, analizuoti etaloniniai 0,2 mg/ml koncentracijos alprazolamo, kodeino, paracetamolio trichlormetaniniai tirpalai ir jų mišinys. Tirpiklių sistemoms buvo naudoti etanolis, trichlormetanas, eteris, 25% amonio hidroksidas, acetonas, izobutanolis. Dėmių ryškinimui naudota UV šviesos (254nm; 365nm) lempa arba Dragendorfo reagentas (modifikuotas pagal Munjė). Optimizuotos metodikos pritaikytos tiriant trichlormetaninius darbinius tirpalus, pagamintus iš vaistinių preparatų „Xanax“, „Paracetamolis Sanitas“ ir „Ultracod“. Siekiant pritaikyti ESC metodiką tiriamųjų junginių analizei, buvo tirti etaloniniai 0,1 mg/ml koncentracijos alprazolamo, kodeino ir paracetamolio metanoliniai tirpalai bei jų mišinys. Medžiagų atskyrimui ir identifikavimui naudotas chromatografas Waters 2695 su fotodiodų matricos detektoriumi Waters 996 (210 – 400 nm bangų ilgio diapazonas). Chromatografavimui naudoti metanolis, 3% acto rūgšties vandeninis tirpalas. Optimizuota ESC metodika pritaikyta tiriant metanolinius darbinius tirpalus, pagamintus iš vaistinių preparatų „Xanax“, „Ultracod“ ir „Solpadeine“. Rezultatai ir išvados: Tinkamiausios tirpiklių sistemos alprazolamo, kodeino ir paracetamolio mišinio kokybiniam vertinimui PC metodu – TS-D (trichlormetanas: acetonas:... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Aim: To optimize thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography methods for alprazolam, codeine, paracetamol and their mixture qualitative analysis. Object and methods: For TLC method optimization alprazolam, codeine, paracetamol and their mixture stock solutions (0,2 mg/ml) in trichlormetan were analysed. For mobile phase were used: ethanol, trichlormetan, ether, 25% ammonia hydroxide, acetone, isobutanol. For spots development were used UV light lamp (254nm; 365nm) or Dragendorff reagent (modified by Munje). Optimized methods were tried with pharmaceutical products “Xanax”, “Paracetamolis Sanitas” and “Ultracod” solutions. For HPLC method optimization alprazolam, codeine, paracetamol and their mixture stock solutions (0,1 mg/ml) in methanol were analysed. Chromatograph Waters 2695 with photo diode array detector Waters 996 (210-400 nm wave length) were used for qualitative determination. Analysis was made by using methanol and 3% acetic acid aqueous solution. Optimized method was applied in analysis of pharmaceutical products “Xanax”, “Ultracod” and “Solpadeine” solutions. Results: The best mobile phases for alprazolam, codeine and paracetamol mixture qualitative analysis using TLC is TS-D (trichlormetan: acetone: concentrated ammonia hydroxide (55:40:5)) and TS-F (trichlormetan: ether: isobutanol: concentrated ammonia hydroxide (50:30:15:5)). TS-D and TS-F mobile phases are suitable for examined substances qualitative analysis in mixture and... [to full text]
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Elijošius, Evaldas. "Kramtomųjų paracetamolio tablečių vaikams technologija." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110628_155329-47227.

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Šiuo metu Lietuvoje pramoniniu būdu gaminamų farmacinių formų vaikams kiekis yra ribotas (2009/2010m. Lietuvos Respublikos Vaistinių preparatų registro duomenimis). Atlikus eilę studijų, buvo nutarta sukurti kramtomųjų paracetamolio tablečių vaikams gamybos technologiją. Surinkome ir susisteminome duomenis apie galimus technologinius tablečių gamybos variantus. Ištyrėme paracetamolio ir pasirinktų pagalbinių medžiagų technologines savybes. Išanalizavome mokslinius duomenis apie granuliacijos metodus bei technologinius tabletavimo būdus. Nustatytos reikiamos miltelių technologinės savybės, parinktos pagalbinės medžiagos ir jų kiekiai, leidžiantys pagaminti tabletes naudojant drėgnąjį miltelių granuliavimą. Tabletės presuotos ekscentrine tabletavimo mašina „Diaf“. Pagamintos 330 mg vidutinės masės tabletės; jos taisyklingos formos, lygiais kraštais, turi švelnų vienalytį paviršių, 9 mm diametro, 3 mm aukščio. Ištyrėme tablečių kokybei keliamus Europos Farmakopėjos reikalavimus: tablečių tvirtumą nusitrynimui, tvirtumą spaudimui, vidutinę tablečių masę, tablečių suirimą ir tirpimą. Įvertintas pagamintų tablečių stabilumas laikant. Atlikti tyrimai parodė, kad panaudota technologija įgalina pagaminti kramtomąsias paracetamolio tabletes vaikams, kurios atitinka Europos Farmakopėjos tabletėms keliamus reikalavimus.
On this time in Lithuania we don‘t have enough medicinal drug forms for children, which are made by industrial methods (we collated all registred drug forms for children, which are in Lithuania‘s drugs registration list). After long science studies, we decided to create the chewabe tablets for children manufacturing technology. First of all we collected information about all possible tablets manufacturing technology variants, collected information about paracetamol and supplementary materials. We have learned about granulation methods and tablet manufacturing variants. Was established powder tachnological characteristics. Selected supplementary materials and it‘s count, that would let us to create tablets by wet granuliating. Tablets was pressed by eccentric tablet machine „Diaf“. Was made 330 mg average mass, regular form, with flat edges tablets. Its have soft smooth surface, 9 mm diameter, 3 mm height. Data set about tablets quality by European Pharmacopoeia requirements: tablets strength for abrasion, strength for pressure, average tablets mass, tablets disintegration and tablets dissolution. We accomplished tablets stability tests. Accomplished studies have shown, that we could make chewable paracetamol tablets for children by selected technology. Those tablets passes through all European Pharmacopoeia requirements.
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Mohd, Zaki Hamizah. "Spectroscopy surface analysis of paracetamol and paracetamol and excipient systems." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/spectroscopy-surface-analysis-of-paracetamol-and-paracetamol-and-excipient-systems(2f50af69-fb35-487b-8065-46aa3c86f96c).html.

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A detailed, fundamental understanding of the surface properties of molecular crystals and their interaction with adsorbing molecules (e.g. excipients) is important for tailoring the stability of formulations and the bioavailability of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (APIs). Few fundamental experimental studies with surface sensitive probes have been carried out for organic molecular crystals. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is an established surface analysis method in the fields of adsorption, catalysis and surface chemistry of inorganic crystals. It has high surface sensitivity, probing approximately the top 1-3 nm of a crystal, and allows surface elemental analysis combined with the determination of the chemical state of the elements. To explore the possibilities and limitations of XPS for the surface characterisation of molecular crystal systems, investigation has been made on a range of paracetamol systems, three different poloxamers and blends of paracetamol with poloxamer 188. It was found by investigations of a range of polycrystalline paracetamol forms that the C1s, N1s and O1s core level emissions from the amide group of paracetamol allow to quantify, for the first time, the influence of surface contamination and adsorbed species on the paracetamol XPS data. Results of quantitative XPS analyses must be critically evaluated taking the material and energy-specific escape depth of the photoelectron signals into account. Analysis of the polycrystalline powder samples, including two different polymorphs and various partially amorphous forms of paracetamol, indicated that the core-level shifts associated with varying intermolecular interactions do not perturb the local electronic structure variations in paracetamol enough to become detectable through chemical shifts in the core level photoemission spectra. Subsequently, large, high quality single crystals of the monoclinic form I (with facet diameters between ~5 and ~10 mm) were obtained from different solvents (methanol, ethanol, acetone) to examine the influence of the crystallisation medium on the surface properties. Small spot XPS analysis was performed in several areas across facets to examine the possible influence of roughness and other lateral inhomogeneities. Careful curve-fitting of all results reveals only minor variations in the XPS data as a function of facet orientation, crystallisation medium or degree of crystallinity. Moreover, results indicate that any variations seen in XPS data very likely stem from low-level surface contamination, which is very difficult to avoid, even in a clean-room laboratory environment. In fact, the results indicate that the level of surface contamination depends significantly on the crystallisation apparatus cleanliness. Even minute concentrations of surface active components in the solutions, i.e. below the detection level of techniques for routine analytical methods, are likely to cause significant surface concentrations on crystal facets emersed from the solutions. The study thus highlights the paramount importance of microscopic surface cleanliness when assessing macroscopic facet-specific phenomena such as contact angles. Finally, XPS was employed to analyse milled and physical mixtures of paracetamol with poloxamer 188 at different percent. At minimum mass percentages poloxamer 188 adsorbs on the paracetamol surfaces; in the presence of poloxamer 188 excess the conformation of adsorbed poloxamer on the paracetamol surface changes. Studies of radiation damage on the poloxamer samples were performed both for several pure polxamers as well as for milled mixtures with paracetamol. They allowed the proposal of radiation-induced degradation mechanisms.
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Castro, Pedro Luís Pereira de. "Farmacocinética do paracetamol." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4415.

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Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Farmacêuticas
O paracetamol é um dos analgésicos e antipiréticos mais utilizados em crianças e adultos por possuir uma janela terapêutica larga com poucos efeitos adversos. No entanto, por ser um medicamento não sujeito a receita médica, é por vezes utilizado em sobredosagem, podendo provocar hepatotoxicidade decorrente do esgotamento dos níveis de glutationa hepática e do excesso de produção de N-acetil-p-benzoquinonaimina (NAPQI), um metabolito alquilado, que se liga aos grupos sulfidrilo das proteínas hepáticas originando necrose dos hepatócitos. Com vista a descrever o comportamento deste fármaco num organismo e determinar a influência de fatores como o síndrome de Gilbert, o jejum, o alcoolismo e a administração de doses supraterapêuticas na sua ação terapêutica e possível toxicidade têm sido sugeridos diversos modelos farmacocinéticos compartimentais e fisiológicos. Nesta dissertação é apresentada uma revisão bibliográfica, organizada cronologicamente, dos modelos que, em virtude da informação cinética e dinâmica que fornecem, são considerados mais relevantes. Um dos modelos mais completos e importantes foi o proposto em 2013 por Pery e colaboradores. Trata-se de um modelo de base fisiológica que permitiu estudar a distribuição e caraterizar a hepatotoxicidade de uma dose supraterapêutica de paracetamol. Dada a sua relevância e atualidade, este modelo foi analisado em maior detalhe tendo sido simulado em Microsoft Excel®. Os resultados obtidos mostram que após administração de uma dose supraterapêutica de paracetamol pode ocorrer saturação das reações de fase II no fígado (sulfatação e de glucuronidação), verificando-se a presença de elevadas concentrações de paracetamol inalterado no organismo, podendo-se associar a este factor, a formação de quantidades elevadas de NAPQI. Pery et al., a partir dos resultados obtidos numa simulação idêntica, juntamente com extrapolações realizadas com softwares especializados, previram que a dose para qual seria de esperar efeitos significativos na viabilidade celular no Homem, seria de 155 mg/kg. Paracetamol is one of the most widely used analgesics and antipyretics in children and adults by having a wide therapeutic window with few adverse effects. However because it is an over-the-counter (OTC) drug, is sometimes used in overdose and may cause hepatotoxicity resulting from the depletion of hepatic glutathione levels and excessive production of N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI), an alkylated metabolite which binds to sulfhydryl groups of hepatic proteins leading to necrosis of the hepatocytes. Many compartimental and physiologically based pharmacokinetic models have been suggested to describe the pharmacokinetics of paracetamol and to determine how fators such as the Gilbert syndrome, fasting, alcoholism and supratherapeutic dosages influence the therapeutic action and toxicity of the molecule. This thesis presents a literature review of how the pharmacokinetics of paracetamol has been studied. References were selected and organized chronologically and according to the dynamic or kinetic information they provide, in order to expose the different pharmacokinetic models that have been proposed, clarify their application and limitations. One of the most complete and important models was the one proposed by Pery et al. in 2013. It is a physiologically based model which enabled to study the distribution and characterize the hepatotoxicity of a supratherapeutic dosage of paracetamol. Given its relevance and topicality, this model was analyzed in further detail being simulated in Microsoft Excel®. The results obtained indicate that, when a supratherapeutic paracetamol is administered, there can be a saturation of phase II reactions in liver (sulfonation and glucoronidation) and high concentrations of unchanged paracetamol in several organs that may be associated with the formation of high concentrations of NAPQI. From the results of a similar simulation, together with extrapolations perfomed with specialized softwares, Pery et al. predicted that the dosage which could lead to significant effects on cell viability in humans would be 155 mg/kg.
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Rapšienė, Vaida. "Kraujo biocheminių rodiklių pokyčiai apsinuodijus paracetamoliu." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20140625_173326-71647.

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Paracetamolio vartojimas yra viena iš dažniausių apsinuodijimo priežasčių daugelyje Europos šalių ir JAV. Šiose šalyse paracetamolio sukelti kepenų toksiniai pakenkimai sąlygoja nemažą hospitalizacijos ir mirčių atvejų skaičių. Apsinuodijimo paracetamoliu gydymas priklauso nuo nurytos paracetamolio dozės, laiko, praėjusio nuo nurijimo iki atvykimo į gydymo įstaigą, bei kitų veiksnių, padidinančių toksinio kepenų pakenkimo riziką. Vyrauja nuomonė, kad ūmaus apsinuodijimo paracetamoliu atveju paciento nurodyta nuryto paracetamolio dozė yra nepatikima informacija tolimesniam paciento gydymui ir priežiūrai. Mokslinių publikacijų, kuriose būtų patvirtinta apsinuodijusių pacientų nurodyta nurytos paracetamolio dozės svarba, taip pat yra palyginti nedaug. Paracetamolio sukeltų kraujo biocheminių rodiklių pokyčių tyrimai būtini, kad apsinuodiję pacientai būtų gydomi laiku ir tinkamai, bei komplikacijų prevencijai. Siekiant nustatyti paracetamolio sukelto kepenų pakenkimo laipsnį bei įvertinti prognozę, kraujo biocheminiai rodikliai turi būti tiriami kompleksiškai. Apsinuodijimo paracetamoliu dažnis Lietuvoje nėra žinomas, taip pat nežinomas ir paracetamolio sukelto toksinio kepenų pakenkimo dažnis. Šio darbo tikslas – nustatyti kraujo biocheminių rodiklių pokyčius apsinuodijus paracetamoliu. Rezultatai ir išvados. Ūmiai paracetamoliu apsinuodijusiems pacientams (paracetamolis nurytas per 24 val. laikotarpį) AST, ALT aktyvumo, bendro bilirubino koncentracijos, kraujo krešėjimo tyrimai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Paracetamol is the most common cause of the poisoning in the USA and other European countries. In these countries paracetamol related liver injuries causes large number of cases of hospitalization and deaths. Treatment of paracetamol poisoning depends on ingested paracetamol dose, the time of admission to the hospital ant the other factors that increases risk of hepatotoxicity. A common perception is that patient-reported dosages are unreliable in the context of acute overdose. Only small number articles concerning the validity of patient reported dose are published. Investigation of the blood biochemical markers and investigation of their changes are important in order to treat the poisoning and prevent liver injuries. Prevalence of paracetamol poisoning is not known in Lithuania. Prevalence of liver injuries caused by paracetamol poisoning is not known as well. The aim of the study is to investigate the changes of blood biochemical markers in patients poisoned by paracetamol. The frequency of analyses of blood biochemical markers was analyzed; levels of blood biochemical markers were analyzed in the different time periods according to the admission to the hospital time and the time after paracetamol ingestion. Levels of blood biochemical markers were compared in the groups of self –poisoned patients and suicidal patients. Calculation of correlation coefficients between levels of blood biochemical markers and patient reported paracetamol dose was performed. In the group of... [to full text]
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Robinson, D. "Factors influencing paracetamol overdose." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.403484.

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Flodell, Amanda. "Risker vid användning av paracetamol under graviditet : Risker vid användning av paracetamol under graviditet." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Kemiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-102007.

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Cabral, Flavia Helena Costa. "Alterações morfologicas testiculares provocadas pelo cadmio, paracetamol e cadmio associado ao paracetamol, em ratos." [s.n.], 1996. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317850.

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Orientador: Mary Anne Heidi Dolder
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-21T09:40:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cabral_FlaviaHelenaCosta_M.pdf: 7932022 bytes, checksum: 5df8caed27891d2ed2c74e69d6748a6b (MD5) Previous issue date: 1996
Resumo: O cádmio é um elemento químico, reconhecido atualmente como perigoso devido sua alta toxicidade e os efeitos deletérios que provoca nos seres vivos. Recentemente também tem sido investigadas com maior interesse e atenção, algumas drogas vendidas sem prescrições médicas como por ex. o paracetamol, cujos efeitos tóxicos são pouco informados aos usuários. O presente trabalho tem por objetivos analisar e avaliar os efeitos do cádmio (sob forma de CdCI2.H20), do paracetamol (na forma de Tylenol @ - gotas) e destas substâncias administradas simultaneamente, sobre os testículos de ratos. Neste estudo foram utilizados 44 ratos, do sexo masculino (adultos-jovens) da linhagem Wistar. Realizaram-se estudos histológicos qualitativos e quantitativos à microscopia de luz. Os animais foram submetidos à diferentes dosagens do cádmio (2,5; 7,5; 10 e 15 IJmols I kg), do paracetamol (4,4 e 8,8 mmols I kg) e do cádmio associado ao paracetamol (2,5 IJmols I kg + 4,4 mmols I kg; 7,5 IJmols I kg + 8,8 mmols I kg; 15 IJmols I kg + 8,8 mmols I kg). As observações histológicas revelaram, para os animais submetidos ao cádmio nas doses de. 10 IJmols I kg (com duração de 83 dias) ou 15 IJmols I kg (duração de 06 dias), alterações morfológicas graves em todo o parênquima testicular. Estas alterações são caracterizadas por necrose coagulativa do epitélio seminífero, espessamento da túnica albugínea e degeneração do tecido intersticial. Para os animais tratados com 15 IJmols I kg, houve perda de peso corporal e os resultados quantitativos demonstram valores significativos pela redução dos diâmetros de túbulos seminíferos. Para. os animais tratados com 10 Jjmols I kg, os resultados qualitativos revelaram uma diminuição dos pesos testiculares. Nas doses do cádmio com 2,5 e 7,5 Jjmols I kg e do paracetamol com 4,4 e 8,8 mmols I kg respectivamente, não se observou efeitos lesivos graves nos testículos dos animais investigados. Entretanto quando estas duas substâncias foram administradas simultaneamente, observou-se o efeito aditivo que provocou alterações testiculàres, detectadas à microscopia de luz. A administração do cádmio (7,5 e 15 Jjmols I kg) com o paracetamol (8,8 mmols I kg), leva a uma potencialização dos efeitos deletérios, sendo evidenciada pela redução altamente significativa dos diâmetros dos túbulos seminíferos
Abstract: Cadmium is a chemical element recognized today as dangerous due to its high toxicity and harmful effects toward life. Also recently, drugs sold freely without prescription, such as paracetamol, are being investigated for their toxic effects, of which the public is frequently not aware. This study was undertaken to analyse and evaluate the effects on rat testicles of cadmuim (CdCI2.H20), of paracetamol (in the form of Tylenol @ ­drops) and of these two substances administered simultaneously. For this work, 44 male rats (young adults) of the Wistar lineage were used. Quantitative and qualitativ.e evaluations were made with light microscopy. The animais received various dosages of cadmium (2.5, 7.5,10 and 15 I-Imols I kg), of paracetamol (4.4 and 8.8 mmols I kg) and of cadmium associated with paracetamol (2.5 I-Imols I kg + 4.4 mmols I kg; 7.5 I-Imols I kg + 8.8 mmols I kg; 15 I-Imols I kg + 8.8 mmols I kg). Histological observations showed severe alterations of the testicles for animais that received cadmium in the dose of 10 I-Imols I kg (followed for a 83 day period) or 15 I-Imols I kg (for 06 days). These alterations were classified as coagulative necrosis of the seminal epithelium, tunica albuginea thickening and degeneration of the interstitial tissue. Animais treated with 15 I-Imols I kg lost body weight and the reduction in diameter of the seminal tubules was highly significant. Animais which received 10 I-Imols I kg had a reduction in weight of their testicles. In the cadmium doses of 2.5 and 7.5 I-Imols I kg and of paracetamol in doses of 4.4 and 8.8 mmols I kg no serious lesions were encountered in the animais studied. However, when these substances were administered simultaneously, an additive effect was shown to cause slight. testicular alterations, observed with the light microscope. Higher cadmium doses (7.5 and 15 I-Imols I kg) and the larger paracetamol dose (8.8 mmols I kg) resulted in a potentiation of the harmful effects, measured by the highly significant reduction _n diameter of the seminal tubules
Mestrado
Biologia Celular
Mestre em Ciências Biológicas
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Bashir, Shazma. "Mechanism of Paracetamol (acetaminophen) induced hypothermia." Thesis, University of East London, 2018. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/7308/.

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Paracetamol is a potent analgesic and antipyretic with limited side effects compared to the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opiates. Worldwide paracetamol is commonly used to treat pain and fever in both children and adults. Although, this drug has been in clinical use for more than a century, the mechanisms of action are not fully understood. Historically some of the actions of paracetamol were attributed to the inhibition of central cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) enzymes however given the weak inhibitory effects on COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, alternative targets have been suggested including a possible novel COX-3. The inhibition of COX-2 is accepted as the mechanism by which paracetamol reduces core temperature (Tc) in febrile animals. However, in non-febrile animals where COX-2 is not induced, paracetamol has also been shown to cause hypothermia by a mechanism that is not fully understood. Both the reduction of pyresis and induction of hypothermia can only occur when peripheral metabolic rate decreases and/or heat loss increases. In terms of antipyresis and hypothermia, the inhibition of lipolysis, fatty acid oxidation and mitochondria function are obvious alternative targets. Studies were undertaken to identify and characterise the putative COX-3 at protein and mRNA level using western blot analysis and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in mouse brain endothelial cells (b.End3) and whole brain tissues isolated from male C57BL/6 mice. Additional studies were also undertaken to assess if the hypothermic properties of paracetamol could be attributed to direct inhibition of thermogenic pathways in both 3T3-L1 adipocytes and primary brown adipocytes isolated from male Wistar rats. Adipocytes and isolated mitochondria were exposed to paracetamol and lipolysis, fatty acid oxidation (FAO), mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC), assessed by measuring oxygen consumption rate (OCR). In these studies no expression of the COX-3 protein could be detected in brain endothelial cells and homogenates and no evidence of a COX-3 was detected at mRNA level. However, paracetamol caused a significant decrease (upto 70%; P < 0.01, from control) in both basal and stimulated lipolysis at 1, 3 and 24 hours without affecting cell viability. Paracetamol (10 mM) and its metabolite N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) at 50 μM also significantly (P < 0.01, from control), reduced endogenous and exogenous FAO by 50% and 70% respectively. NAPQI (50 μM) had limited effect on mitochondrial uncoupling. Finally, paracetamol and other antipyretic compounds also significantly reduced ETC activity (upto 90%; P < 0.01, from control). Both the maintenance of normal body temperature (Tb) and the induction of pyresis require increased mitochondrial ETC activity normally initiated centrally and driven peripherally by reduction of substrates such as fatty acids and glucose. The failure to identify the COX-3 protein and the direct inhibition of lipolysis, FAO and ETC activity indicate that antipyretic actions of paracetamol could partly be attributed to it actions on peripheral energy generation systems and provide new drug targets for reducing fever and chemically inducing hypothermia.
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Chevallier, Thierry. "Pharmacologie clinique du paracetamol en collyre." Nice, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NICE6556.

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Books on the topic "Paracetamolis"

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Paracetamol (acetaminophen): A critical bibliographic review. 2nd ed. London: Taylor & Francis, 2001.

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Paracetamol (acetaminophen): A critical bibliographic review. London, UK: Taylor & Francis, 1996.

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Ricardo, Royder Yáñez, and Cruz Catata Teodora, eds. Mentisán, paracetamol o wira wira?: Jóvenes, salud e interculturalidad en los barrios mineros de Potosí. La Paz: PIEB, Programa de Investigación Estratégica en Bolivia, 2006.

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executive, Health and safety. Paracetamol. Health and Safety Executive (HSE), 1994.

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Paracetamol. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2002.

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Mallet, Christophe, and Alain Eschalier. The rediscovery of paracetamol. Edited by Paul Farquhar-Smith, Pierre Beaulieu, and Sian Jagger. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834359.003.0004.

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The chapter describes experiments performed by Bernard B. Brodie and Julius Axelrod in an article published in 1948 and entitled ‘The fate of acetanilide in man’. This was an important breakthrough in the history of paracetamol (acetaminophen), which was synthesized in 1878 but only clinically used in 1955. We highlight how this article historically catalysed the rehabilitation (also called ‘the rediscovery’) of this popular over-the-counter painkiller. Demonstrating that paracetamol was the key active metabolite of acetanilide (an antipyretic/analgesic used at that time), and discarding the false idea that paracetamol causes methaemoglobinaemia, Brodie and Axelrod paved the way for this molecule to become nowadays the most sold analgesic worldwide, one which is still the subject of scientific publications.
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J, Meredith T., World Health Organization, Commission of the European Communities., and International Program on Chemical Safety., eds. Antidotes for poisoning by paracetamol. Cambridge: Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the World Health Organization and of the European Commission, 1995.

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Levine, Michael. Management of acetaminophen (paracetamol) poisoning. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0318.

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Acetaminophen overdose remains common, and is one of the most frequent reasons for liver transplant in the United States. Toxicity results from the metabolism to a toxic metabolite, N-acetyl-para-benzoquinoneimine. This chapter begins with a brief discussion of the history and epidemiology of acetaminophen overdose, followed by a discussion on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. The risk factors, clinical presentation, and treatment strategies presented.
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Bannwarth, Bernard, and Francis Berenbaum. Systemic analgesics (including paracetamol and opioids). Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199668847.003.0029.

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Apart from non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), there are only two categories of systemic analgesics, namely paracetamol (acetaminophen) and opioids, that are currently available worldwide for clinical use. Paracetamol is poorly effective in relieving pain and improving function in patients with symptomatic osteoarthritis (OA). Furthermore, its safety profile is less favourable than classically thought. In fact, there is evidence paracetamol acts as a weak inhibitor of the cyclooxygenase enzymes. Given that paracetamol poses a lower risk of severe adverse events than NSAIDs while being better tolerated than opioids, it is usually considered as the first-line systemic analgesic for OA. Commonly prescribed opioids are primarily agonists of the mu receptors, thereby producing similar desirable (analgesia) and untoward effects. Meta-analyses of short-term clinical trials showed that, on average, the modest clinical benefits of opioids did not outweigh the side effects in patients with knee or hip OA. Accordingly, most current guidelines support the use of opioids for selected OA patients only (e.g. patients who have not had an adequate response to other treatment modalities and are not candidates for total joint arthroplasty). In view of the limited efficacy and/or potential harms of available analgesics, particular attention was paid to novel painkillers, especially nerve growth factor (NGF) antagonists. Although these agents provided clinically meaningful improvements in pain and physical function in patients with hip or knee OA, they lead to severe side effects, including rapidly destructive arthropathies and neuropathies. Thus, if approved for marketing, NGF antagonists would be reserved for selected and well-defined patients with OA.
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Group, Research, and The Acetaminophen Research Group. The 2000-2005 World Outlook for Acetaminophen (paracetamol). 2nd ed. Icon Group International, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Paracetamolis"

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McAllister-Williams, R. Hamish, Daniel Bertrand, Hans Rollema, Raymond S. Hurst, Linda P. Spear, Tim C. Kirkham, Thomas Steckler, et al. "Paracetamol." In Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology, 952. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-68706-1_7004.

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Schneider, Achim, Günther Schlunck, and Viola Sieber. "Paracetamol." In Geburtshilfefibel, 284–85. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-97317-8_66.

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Vidal, C., and W. R. Külpmann. "Paracetamol." In Springer Reference Medizin, 1820–21. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_2343.

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Vidal, C., and W. R. Külpmann. "Paracetamol." In Lexikon der Medizinischen Laboratoriumsdiagnostik, 1–2. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49054-9_2343-1.

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Beyer, Karl-Heinz. "Paracetamol." In Biotransformation der Arzneimittel, 419–23. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74386-3_242.

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Bateman, D. Nicholas. "Acetaminophen (Paracetamol)." In Critical Care Toxicology, 1–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20790-2_108-1.

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Wilson, John Fawcett. "Paracetamol (Acetaminophen)." In The Immunoassay Kit Directory, 1572–73. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0679-5_38.

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Bateman, D. Nicholas. "Acetaminophen/Paracetamol." In Critical Care Toxicology, 1145–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17900-1_108.

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Bateman, D. Nicholas. "Acetaminophen (Paracetamol)." In Critical Care Toxicology, 1–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20790-2_108-2.

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Power, Ian, and Lesley A. Colvin. "Postoperative Pain, Paracetamol." In Encyclopedia of Pain, 3066–68. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28753-4_3452.

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Conference papers on the topic "Paracetamolis"

1

Malia, R. G., H. J. Kennedy, D. R. Triger, and F. E. Preston. "PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF VITAMIN K AGAINST ACETAMINOPHEN (PARACETAMOL) TOXICITY IN THE HAMSTER." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644341.

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We have previously reported that paracetamol may interfere with the metabolism of vitamin K via the vitamin K 2, 3-epoxide cycle. (Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 54,205,1985). In this study we have examined the effects of large doses of vitamin K on experimentally induced paracetamol hepatic necrosis in a hamster model. Paracetamol (1.2g/Kg) when given by gavage to 24 hamsters (Group I) resulted in 10 deaths (42%) at 24 hours. Simultaneous administration of lmg vitamin K intraperitoneally (Group II) reduced mortality to 3/24 (12%); mortality was 2/24 (8%) if vitamin K was given 4 hours after the paracetamol (Group III). In a further series of experiments (N=18) the prothrombin time in Group I was prolonged by 28 seconds compared with 14 seconds in Group II and 10 seconds in Group III. In samples taken for biochemical and histological analysis there was evidence of severe hepatic necrosis in all groups. When the dose of paracetamol was reduced to 1.0g/Kg (N=18) there was substantially less histological damage in Group II compared with other groups and the prothrombin times were only prolonged by 2 seconds (Group I); 1.5 seconds (Group II) and 3-5 seconds (Group III) respectively. In the final experiment (N=18) when Group II animals were divided into 3 sub-groups and the dose of vitamin K given was altered to 1.0, 0.5 and O.lmg following the paracetamol (1.2g/Kg) the prothrombin times were prolonged by 8 seconds, (1-0mg vitamin K), 21 seconds (0.5mg vitamin K) and 35 seconds (0.1mg vitamin K) respectively, indicating a dose dependant effect. The hypothesis that paracetamol induced hepatic necrosis occurs solely as a consequence of failure of glutathione to conjugate the reactive metabolites of paracetamol is not consistent with the protective effects of vitamin K observed here and the known mode of action of the vitamin. Other mechanisms such as free radical scavenging deserve to be studied.
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Hidayati, Ika Ratna, Elys Oktaviana, Irma Nurtiana Syafitri, and Liza Pristianty. "Knowledge Levels and Paracetamol Self-Medication." In Health Science International Conference (HSIC 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/hsic-17.2017.42.

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Meng, Cui, Ruijuan Qu, Jinyan Liang, Xi Yang, Fangming Jin, Qi Zhou, and Bing Wu. "Photodegradation of Paracetamol in Nitrate Solution." In 2nd International Symposium on Aqua Science, Water Resource and Low Carbon Energy. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3529338.

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Manzotti de Souza, Fernando, Gabriela Nascimento Silva, Melissa Gurgel Adeodato Vieira, and Onélia Aparecida Andreo dos Santos. "Adsorção de Paracetamol em Argilas Bentoníticas Organomodificadas." In Simpósio de Bioquímica e Biotecnologia. Londrina - PR, Brazil: Galoa, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.17648/simbbtec-2017-80793.

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Crook, J., H. Yorke, and R. Cooper. "G107(P) Reducing paracetamol medication errors in children." In Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Abstracts of the RCPCH Conference–Online, 25 September 2020–13 November 2020. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2020-rcpch.84.

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6

Cheng, E. M., M. Fareq, F. S. Abdullah, F. H. Wee, S. F. Khor, Y. S. Lee, M. Afendi, et al. "Dielectric spectroscopy of pharmaceutical drug (Paracetamol) dosage in water." In 2013 IEEE International RF and Microwave Conference (RFM). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rfm.2013.6757295.

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7

Magnus, Maria Christine, Øystein Karlstad, Siri Eldevik Håberg, Per Nafstad, George Davey Smith, and Wenche Nystad. "Prenatal and infant paracetamol exposure and development of asthma." In Annual Congress 2015. European Respiratory Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.oa4766.

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8

Correia, Dhebora Silvério, and Eduarda Faria Raymundo. "A BIOTRANSFORMAÇÃO DOS FÁRMACOS E SUA APLICABILIDADE NA MEDICINA FELINA." In I Congresso On-line Nacional de Clínica Veterinária de Pequenos Animais. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/rems/1851.

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Abstract:
Introdução: O paracetamol é um fármaco com ação analgésica e antipirética, comumente utilizado na medicina humana e veterinária. Contudo, considerando que felinos possuem deficiência na biotransformação dessa droga, o fármaco apresenta caráter tóxico, mesmo em pequenas doses. Objetivos: Ressaltar a importância da biotransformação, relacionando-a com a aplicabilidade na Medicina Felina. Material e Métodos: Este resumo foi elaborado através de revisão da literatura científica, por meio da pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases eletrônicas de dados Scielo e Google Acadêmico, assim como consulta à literatura disponível na plataforma online “Minha Biblioteca” da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco. Resultados: A biotransformação é o mecanismo pelo qual o organismo induz alterações na estrutura de substâncias exógenas, através de atividades enzimáticas que estão sujeitas ao polimorfismo genético das espécies e que são altamente ordenadas, como as que constituem o sistema citocromo P450, viabilizando o mecanismo de degradação e excreção dos xenobióticos. A intoxicação em felinos causada pelo paracetamol (acetaminofeno), um anti-inflamatório não esteroidal (AINE), ocorre por exposição acidental ou de forma iatrogênica, quando o tutor, sem informações suficientes, administra o medicamento na boa intenção de tratar seu animal. Os gatos apresentam insuficiência na biotransformação deste fármaco devido a condições genéticas que caracterizam uma deficiência na glicuronidação e, assim, mesmo pequenas doses podem provocar sinais de intoxicação, resultando principalmente em lesões eritrocitárias seguidas por anemia hemolítica, podendo haver também comprometimento hepático. São observados sinais clínicos como êmese, hipotermia, dificuldade respiratória, mucosas pálidas ou cianóticas, hemólise, anemia, icterícia e urina sanguinolenta. O tratamento envolve terapêutica de suporte, garantindo uma adequada oxigenação, fluídos intravenosos e transfusão sanguínea, além do uso de antídotos e antioxidantes. Com tratamento intensivo e adequado, a maioria dos animais se recupera, o que não exclui a relevância de se destacar a possibilidade de óbitos por intoxicação. Conclusão: A utilização indevida de medicamentos induz o risco de comprometimento clínico dos pacientes, sendo muito comum na Clínica Felina intoxicação por paracetamol. Portanto, o conhecimento sólido sobre este assunto e a orientação adequada por parte dos médicos veterinários são, certamente, a melhor forma de proporcionar um tratamento adequado aos pacientes e de prevenir acidentes que podem ser fatais.
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Meguya, Ryu, Soon Hock Ng, Jitraporn Vongsvivut, Mark J. Tobin, Junko Morikawa, and Saulius Juodkazis. "Orientation information added to IR hyperspectral imaging: silk and paracetamol." In Biophotonics Australasia 2019, edited by Ewa M. Goldys and Brant C. Gibson. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2551712.

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FERREIRA, R. C., T. F. V. de OLIVEIRA, O. M. COUTO JUNIOR, M. A. S. D. de BARROS, and K. Q. de CARVALHO. "MECANISMO DE ADSORÇÃO DE PARACETAMOL EM CARVÕES DE ORIGEM NACIONAL." In XX Congresso Brasileiro de Engenharia Química. São Paulo: Editora Edgard Blücher, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/chemeng-cobeq2014-1099-20993-166466.

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Reports on the topic "Paracetamolis"

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Paracetamol may be ineffective in treating lower back pain. National Institute for Health Research, July 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/signal-000102.

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Paracetamol is a weak painkiller for regular tension headaches. National Institute for Health Research, September 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/signal-000299.

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Diclofenac or etoricoxib, but not paracetamol, is effective for treating osteoarthritis. National Institute for Health Research, May 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/signal-000245.

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Paracetamol and alcohol are the most common substances taken by young people and rates of poisoning are increasing. National Institute for Health Research, December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/signal-000694.

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