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Eldridge-Smith, Peter, and peter eldridge-smith@anu edu au. "The Liar Paradox and its Relatives." The Australian National University. Faculty of Arts, 2008. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20081016.173200.
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My thesis aims at contributing to classifying the Liar-like paradoxes (and related Truth-teller-like expressions) by clarifying distinctions and relationships between these expressions and arguments. Such a classification is worthwhile, firstly, because it makes some progress towards reducing a potential infinity of versions into a finite classification; secondly, because it identifies a number of new paradoxes, and thirdly and most significantly, because it corrects the historically misplaced distinction between semantic and set-theoretic paradoxes. I emphasize the third result because the distinction made by Peano [1906] and supported by Ramsey [1925] has been used to warrant different responses to the semantic and set-theoretic paradoxes. I find two types among the paradoxes of truth, satisfaction and membership, but the division is shifted from where it has historically been drawn. This new distinction is, I believe, more fundamental than the Peano-Ramsey distinction between semantic and set-theoretic paradoxes. The distinction I investigate is ultimately exemplified in a difference between the logical principles necessary to prove the Liar and those necessary to prove Grellings and Russells paradoxes. The difference relates to proofs of the inconsistency of naive truth and satisfaction; in the end, we will have two associated ways of proving each result. ¶
Another principled division is intuitively anticipated. I coin the term 'hypodox' (adj.: 'hypodoxical') for a generalization of Truth-tellers across paradoxes of truth, satisfaction, membership, reference, and where else it may find applicability. I make and investigate a conjecture about paradox and hypodox duality: that each paradox (at least those in the scope of the classification) has a dual hypodox.¶
In my investigation, I focus on paradoxes that might intuitively be thought to be relatives of the Liar paradox, including Grellings (which I present as a paradox of satisfaction) and, by analogy with Grellings paradox, Russells paradox. I extend these into truth-functional and some non-truth-functional variations, beginning with the Epimenides, Currys paradox, and similar variations. There are circular and infinite variations, which I relate via lists. In short, I focus on paradoxes of truth, satisfaction and some paradoxes of membership. ¶
Among the new paradoxes, three are notable in advance. The first is a non-truth functional variation on the Epimenides. This helps put the Epimenides on a par with Currys as a paradox in its own right and not just a lesser version of the Liar. I find the second paradox by working through truth-functional variants of the paradoxes. This new paradox, call it the ESP, can be either true or false, but can still be used to prove some other arbitrary statement. The third new paradox is another paradox of satisfaction, distinctly different from Grellings paradox. On this basis, I make and investigate the new distinction between two different types of paradox of satisfaction, and map one type back by direct analogy to the Liar, and the other by direct analogy to Russell's paradox.
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Fäldt, Emma, and Nora Rønningen. "Välvillighetens Paradox." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-26902.
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Bakgrund: Av alla som drabbas av stroke får cirka en tredjedel afasi som direkt följd av sjukdomen. Oförmåga att kommunicera kan ha negativa konsekvenser, därför är det viktigt att sjuksköterskan har kunskap om, och anpassar omvårdnaden för att kunna utöva en personcentrerad omvårdnad, vilket är bakgrunden för denna studie.Syfte: Att beskriva vårdpersonals omvårdnad av strokedrabbade patienter med afasi, samt att beskriva vårdpersonalens erfarenheter av att vårda strokedrabbade patienter med afasi – med fokus på kommunikation.Metod: Strukturerad litteraturstudie av kvalitativ empiri baserad på elva studier varav majoriteten härstammar från Skandinavien. Använda sökblock var: Stroke, Communication och Nurses. Resultat: Tre huvudteman identifierades: icke-verbal kommunikation, hjälpmedel samt sjuksköterskans bemötande. Sjuksköterskan använde icke-verbal kommunikation genom beröring, kroppsspråk och observation av ansiktsuttryck för att tolka patienten. Hjälpmedel sjuksköterskan tog i bruk var att dela upp information, tala långsamt, vänta på svar då tid var av betydelse, ta en sak åt gången, gestikulera tydligt, visa sitt engagemang genom att gissa och hjälpa patienten att finna orden samt återgivning av information för jakande eller nekande. De använde även närstående, bilder, illustrationer, och skriftligt stöd för hjälp i kommunikationen. Det tredje temat, bemötande, innefattade att sjuksköterskan hade ett uppgiftsorienterat bemötande framför personcentrerad. Sjuksköterskan var styrande i samtalen och exkluderande mot patienten när andra personer satt med. Osäkerhet kopplat till okunskap framkom som en förklaring till beteendet. Konklusion: Sjuksköterskan har en god intention med sitt bemötande av patienter med afasi, men välvilligheten till att anpassa sig kan ibland ha motsatt effekt då sjuksköterskan tenderade att styra kommunikationen. Detta hade grund i osäkerhet och okunskap om diagnosen. För att uppnå förståelse måste både parter vara aktiva i kommunikationen.<br>Background: A third of those suffering from stroke acquire aphasia as a direct consequence. Inability to communicate may lead to depression, which is why it is of importance that the nurse adapts her care according to the patients’ abilities. Nurses’ knowledge about aphasia can help strengthen the patients’ self-esteem and enable a higher level of care. Aim: Portrait nurses’ care of patients with aphasia aswell as describing nurses’ experiences of caring for patients with aphasia– focusing on communication. Method: Structured qualitative literature review including eleven articles, majority originated from Scandinavia. The search for scientific papers was conducted by using the keywords stroke, communication and nurses. Result: The articles generated three main themes: Non-verbal communication, tools and nurses’ reception. The nurse used non-verbal communication by touch, body language and active observation of the patient. Tools used was dividing and repeating information. Speak loud and clearly. Show interest and that there was time and help the patient finding the words by guessing. Using the relatives as a communication tool same as pictures, illustrations and writing as support in the communication process. The third theme, nurses’ reception, included that nurses tended to have a task based communication and directed the dialogue or excluded the patient when others were around. Insecurity due to lack of knowledge can be an explanation for this behavior.Conclusion: Although good intentions with reception of patients with aphasia, this showed reverse effect when the nurse tended to control the conversation due to insecurity by a lack of knowledge. To reach understanding both parts had to be active in the communication process.
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Weber, Zach. "Paradox and foundation." Connect to thesis, 2009. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/5515.
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Clapham, D. "The sorties paradox." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381805.
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Whittle, Bruno. "Paradox and hierarchy." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410999.
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Pinder, Mark. "Meaning and paradox." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627928.
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The general theme of this dissertation is meaning and paradox. Or, more precisely, how accounts of the metaphysical determination of meaning are affected by the semantic paradoxes. I focus in particular on those accounts within the Davidsonian tradition-whose key characteristic, roughly speaking, I take to be a commitment to Davidsonian semantics. The question that drives the discussion is as follows. Which (if any) accounts of meaning within the Davidsonian tradition are compatible with the fact that semantic paradoxes arise in natural language? Throughout the dissertation, I use the liar paradox as an archetypal semantic paradox. I consider first the two central extant accounts of meaning within the Davidsonian tradition: the Davidsonian and neo-Davidsonian accounts of meaning. I argue that, in light of the semantic paradoxes, both accounts should be rejected. As a result of the discussion, I then consider, in my terminology, traditional externalist accounts of meaning. I argue that an account of meaning along the lines of David Lewis' interpretationism can be adopted by the fan of Davidsonian semantics, and that the resultant account may be compatible with the fact that semantic paradoxes arise in natural language. I show how the fan of Davidsouian semantics can adopt Lewis' interpretationism. I call the resultant account the DL-hybrid account of meaning. Roughly, the account permits the adoption of a broadly Kripkean response to the paradox: truth conditions for sentences are to be characterised as conditional upon the sentences in question being grounded. I close by arguing that the DL-hybrid account of meaning is compatible with the fact that semantic paradoxes arise in natural language.
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Young, Richard William Royce. "The satisfaction paradox." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368353.
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Mosmer, Reza. "The Tractatus paradox." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4397/.
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In the penultimate remark of the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus Wittgenstein declares that anyone who understands him judges the book to be nonsense. The immediate reaction to this paradoxical statement is to reject the insights of the book that this assessment is based on; that is, to reject the book’s theories of logic and language. Commentators have tried to save the book’s fundamental philosophical ideas by blocking this immediate response. In this thesis I characterise and explore different attempts to do so. I discuss attempts of Russell, Carnap, Max Black, Malcolm, Hacker’s Ineffability interpretation and Conant’s (and Diamond’s) Therapeutic interpretation. I argue that the Therapeutic reading is the most promising attempt in its main ideas. Nonetheless, current versions of the Therapeutic readings do not seem successful. I borrow ideas from Grice’s pragmatic theory of conversation and Davidson’s account of metaphor to explain how the book is to be read therapeutically. I argue that the book is a long conversation between Wittgenstein and his audience which eventually turns out to be a pointless series of remarks. The book, however, works metaphorically in such a way that it affects its readers and helps them to divest themselves of the inclination to do philosophy.
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Montagne, Twyla Dawn. "Paradox of Love." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1212514785.
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Scholz, Barbara Caroline. "Kripke's Wittgensteinian paradox /." The Ohio State University, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487677267728538.
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Machado, Michel. "The Babel paradox." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0003262.
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Castro, Dayan de 1985. "Sibila : poética em paradoxo." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/285219.
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Orientador: Luise Weiss<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T13:13:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Castro_Dayande_M.pdf: 254244803 bytes, checksum: 290efbe27bd577bebcb934caa43871e2 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2014<br>Resumo: O presente volume é um indagar descritivo de imagens em processo. Expõe um amalgama de referências teórico-práticas que influenciaram o caminho na produção das imagens. Estão aqui as partes fundamentais dessa busca, inquietações que relacionam-se com o contemporâneo, a fotografia e o retrato. Fundamentalmente um caminho, um paradoxo<br>Abstract: The purpose of this volume is a descriptive inquiring of images in progress. It exposes an amalgam of theoretical and practical issues that influenced the way the images were developed. The key parts of this quest are here along with concerns that relate to the contemporary, photography and portrait. Fundamentally a path, a paradox<br>Mestrado
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Galliano, Corinna. "When paradox has no structure: The evolution of paradox in emerging organizations." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20732.
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Scholars have turned to the notion of paradox to understand how to effectively manage persistent contradictory and interdependent forces that organizations need to pursue if they want to succeed in increasingly complex and dynamic environments. Paradox theory has been helpful to advance our understanding of paradoxes of organizing which manifest in presence of competing structures and processes; for example the exploration and exploitation paradox. However little is still known about the paradoxes of belonging that arise from issues of membership; for example competing identities. While recent studies have started to explore the paradoxes of performing which manifest in the presence of competing goals, the lack of focus on paradox of belonging leaves open important question on the nature of their relationship. This thesis addresses these oversights by adopting a practice-theoretical view to the study of paradox. Paradoxes of belonging are likely to be particularly prevalent in emerging organizations due to their unique characteristics, which make the experience of paradox more salient, are also likely to have a critical effect on how paradox manifest overtime. Using a qualitative single in-depth case study, this thesis explores the process of emergence of a start-up using a rich data set. An iterative analytical process emerged three main findings. First, the organizing paradox – exploration and exploitation – was largely expressed at the belonging level. Second, actors constructed the paradox of belonging in a nuanced way by embedding into the dominant membership its opposite. Third, the analysis revealed a misalignment between the paradoxes of belonging and performing, which influenced how the paradox of belonging manifested over time, and outcomes at the organizing level. In particular, findings indicate that a change in the direction of the firm was possible when actors were shifting the way in which they constructed the belonging paradox. Building on these findings, this thesis makes important contributions to paradox theory. It extends our yet limited understanding of the paradox of belonging by uncovering new dynamics in the way actors construct and respond to this type of paradox, and a new type of relationships between paradoxes across levels.
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Edman, Jesper. "The Paradox of foreignness." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Institute of International Business (IIB), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-442.
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Jawa, Ishan. "Dissecting The Grandfather Paradox." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1763.
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In his paper, The Paradoxes of Time Travel, David Lewis posits a defense for the possibility of time travel by arguing that the grandfather 'paradox' is not, in fact, paradoxical at all. Two alternative solutions to the grandfather paradox are discussed in this paper. The first is a result of Paul Horwich’s reply to Lewis and aims to pit the Lewisian conception of compatibility against Horwich’s improbability defense. Proposed by Nicholas Smith and C.G. Goddu, this theory explains that any attempt at backward time travel will lead to the creation of long strings of improbable coincidences. An alternative thesis of the multiverse is also discussed, wherein it was proposed that instead of traveling into his past, the time traveler enters an alternate, yet completely identical universe. The multiverse thesis did not stand up to any philosophical critique, and it was posited that the thesis changes the nature of the question entirely. It is evident that Lewis’ discussion of the grandfather paradox raises several fundamentally interesting philosophical questions regarding the logical and causal irregularities of changing the past. This paper aims to adress some of these questions through a metaphysical analysis of Lewis' view, backwards causality, and the nature of time itself.
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Warden, Lisa Todd. "The paradox of postmodernism." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0011/NQ34708.pdf.
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Lishman, Emma. "The paradox of dementia." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3694.
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This qualitative study used semi-structured interviews to explore how 6 people talked about their difficulties before and after a dementia diagnosis. The Assimilation of Problematic Experiences Scale (APES) was used to analyse the data and describe participants’ internal processes as they became increasingly aware of their problems. Assimilation analysis views successful therapeutic change as accepting and integrating an aspect of the self that had previously been denied, due to it being too painful. The findings of the study build on the research evidence that suggests that despite the enormity of its psychological implications individuals find ways of integrating a dementia diagnosis into their sense of self. This occurred within an oscillating progress; stepping in and out of awareness, illustrating the paradox of acceptance and denial. Social support was crucial in enabling participants to sustain a positive sense of self in the face of this adjustment.
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Ajayi-Obe, Olufunmilola Olufisayo. "Franchising : the entrepreneurial paradox." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2007. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/737/.
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Kowalenko, Robert. "The Goodman-Kripke paradox." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2003. http://sas-space.sas.ac.uk/1055/.
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The Kripke/Wittgenstein paradox and Goodman’s riddle of induction can be construed as problems of multiple redescription, where the relevant sceptical challenge is to provide factual grounds justifying the description we favour. A choice of description or predicate, in turn, is tantamount to the choice of a curve over a set of data, a choice apparently governed by implicitly operating constraints on the relevant space of possibilities. Armed with this analysis of the two paradoxes, several realist solutions of Kripke’s paradox are examined that appeal to dispositions or other non-occurrent properties. It is found that all neglect crucial epistemological issues: the entities typically appealed to are not observational and must be inferred on the basis of observed entities or events; yet, the relevant sceptical challenge concerns precisely the factual basis on which this inference is made and the constraints operating on it. All disposition ascriptions, the thesis goes on to argue, contain elements of idealization. To ward off the danger of vacuity resulting from the fact that any disposition ascription is true under just the right ideal conditions, dispositional theories need to specify limits on legitimate forms of idealization. This is best done by construing disposition ascriptions as forms of (implicit) curve-fitting, I argue, where the “data” is not necessarily numeric, and the “curve” fitted not necessarily graphic. This brings us full circle: Goodman’s and Kripke’s problems are problems concerning curve-fitting, and the solutions for it appeal to entities the postulation of which is the result of curve-fitting. The way to break the circle must come from a methodology governing the xidealizations, or inferences to the best idealization, that are a part of curve-fitting. The thesis closes with an argument for why natural science cannot be expected to be of much help in this domain, given the ubiquity of idealization.
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Henretta, Elsa. "The Paradox of Creativity." Thesis, Kungl. Musikhögskolan, Institutionen för musik- och medieproduktion, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kmh:diva-2717.
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Interviews with Swedish and Ugandan creatives are the main data sources of this work, as well as my own reflections while spending eight weeks in Uganda. The purpose of this project was to compare and resonate on cultural differences between my own previous experiences and what I experienced in Uganda during my stay and how such cultural differences may affects creativity. The results show that abundance and scarcity have a direct connection to creative thinking. The creative process is dependent on a large knowledge base, but also on the ability to think outside the box. The colonization of Africa still affect the way Ugandans experience their capability to control their lives and future, and thereby the development of the country. Artistic individuals, no matter religious or not, are all experiencing spiritual, or magical, connections when creating. Religion and culture have a large impact on creativity. The creative personality is based on a complex mind of paradoxical traits. Blocked creatives can be un-blocked by learning how to nurture their artist.
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Shaer, Nicole. "The paradox of uncertainty." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28321.
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This work represents my engagement with uncertainty, as I have defined and contained it. As an artist, my research strategy has been to work with uncertainty in a felt sense, using my hands as a way to access a different sort of thinking. To this end, I have allowed, created, sustained and magnified the presence of uncertainty in my studio, as a focused, experiential study within the practice of making art. Uncertainty might be understood in many ways, so I will begin with the common definition as that which is ‘not able to be relied on; not known or definite’ (OED, 2016). Psychology professor Michael Smithson characterises the Western perception of uncertainty as a predominantly negative anticipation of what cannot be known (Bammer and Smithson, 2008: 18).Such a perception of uncertainty as a threat, may encourage the use of control as a means to contain the unknown. Smithson’s description reflects the prevailing attitude of my upbringing and this project represents the exploration of a different paradigm. The Paradox of Uncertainty alludes to the coexistence of two apparently opposing views of uncertainty, which I have sought to integrate through my art practice. My interest in uncertainty originates in years of effort to overcome anxiety, which I understand as the physiological manifestation of a fearful relationship with uncertainty that results in a habitual psychological struggle to out-plan the future. In contrast with the prevailing medical conception of anxiety as a form of mentalillness, philosopher Martin Heidegger considers anxiety to be an ‘irreducible, existential state of being[...] aris[ing] from the self-reflexive awareness of our own“potentiality-for-being”’ (Gordon, 2013: 106). The existential psychologist, Rollo May (1977: 38) offers a functional link between uncertainty and anxiety, noting that ‘whenever possibility is visualised by an individual, anxiety is potentially present in the same experience.’ Developing May’s concept of anxiety as a normal part of lived experience, psychologist Kerry Gordon (2013: 107) expands on the relationship between anxiety and creativity, saying:
Creativity, authenticity, uncertainty, anxiety—these cannot be separated. To live a creative existence means to live with uncertainty. To live an authentic existence means to live with anxiety.
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Berglund, Louise, and Elin Solberg. "Den upplevda motivationens paradox." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21528.
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Den här uppsatsen bygger på vår hypotes som vi har utformat utifrån olika motivationsteoretiker som inriktar sig på mänskliga behov. Vår hypotes är att genom tillfredsställelse av trygghetsbehovet, gemenskapsbehovet, prestationsbehovet och behovet av balans mellan arbetstid och fritid upplevs motivation. Detta resulterar i vår egen behovsmodell om vilka behov, anpassat till dagens arbetsliv, som vi anser behöver bli uppfyllda för att uppleva motivation. Vårt syfte med denna uppsats är att genom en enkätundersökning ta reda på hur de mänskliga behoven tillfredsställs på ett specifikt bemanningsföretag. Resultaten från denna visar sig vara motsägelsefulla och är därför svåra att tyda. De problem vi misstänkte skulle finnas i konsulternas arbetssituation, såsom otrygghet i anställningsform, svårighet att planera tid och ekonomi etc., märks inte i sammanfattningen av resultaten. Däremot blir dessa svårigheter tydliga när respondenterna skriver med egna ord i de öppna svarsfälten. I vår diskussion ser vi att det finns underlag för vår hypotes, dock behöver den viss justering och vi utvecklar här en egen behovsmodell av de behov som vi behandlar centralt i uppsatsen.
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Mattisson, Fredrik. "The Banach-Tarski Paradox." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Algebra och geometri, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-451078.
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Hendrickson, Ryan. "Play: paradox and paradigms." Thesis, Boston University, 1998. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/27673.
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McCosker, Philip James. "Parsing paradox, analysing 'And' : Christological configurations of theological paradox in some mystical theologies." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611443.
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Falkenström, Mattias, and Johan Persson. "Payback - En paradox i praktiken." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-18107.
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Bakgrund: Investeringen kännetecknas av att någon, företag eller privatperson, avsäger sig möjlighet till konsumtion idag för ökad konsumtion i framtiden. Den är en faktor som kan öka företagets värde och det är därför viktigt att rätt investering väljs. Investeringskalkyleringen ger företaget värdefull information om en investering. De vanligaste kalkylmetoderna är NPV, IRR, payback och diskonterad payback. Payback är en särskilt intressant metod av två anledningar. För det första är den, enligt ett flertal undersökningar, den mest använda metoden. För det andra är den idogt kritiserad av akademiker för dess teoretiska brister. Det finns därmed en paradox mellan metodens användning och kritiken som framförs mot den, en paradox som denna uppsats djupdyker i. Syfte: Vi vill undersöka hur småföretag resonerar vid investeringskalkylering då payback används för att finna de kännetecken som gör metoden välanvänd. Genomförande: För att besvara problemformuleringen har en kvalitativ undersökning genomförts. Sex besöksintervjuer med småföretag inom olika branscher har utförts. Slutsatser: Vi har funnit att endast en av paybacks teoretiska tillkortakommanden verkar existera i praktiken. Payback innehar dessutom ett antal egenskaper som gör den välanvänd i praktiken för småföretag. Dessa egenskaper kan delas upp i två kategorier. För det första kännetecknas metoden av att den är ett universellt verktyg vid investering; den är snabb, enkel att använda och kommunicera, den är högst justerbar och den visar tydligt på likviditetspåverkan. För det andra drar vi slutsatsen att payback är en metod för alla; den används med fördel både för de som sysslar med avancerad kalkylering och för de med mindre avancerade tillvägagångssätt. Metoden kan användas som ett inledande filtreringsverktyg för de avancerade användarna. Den kan även bidra med ekonomiska beräkningar för de användare som är mindre avancerade och som annars endast förlitar sig till "magkänslan". Originalitet: Vi gör något originellt med denna uppsats, en kvalitativ studie vars mål är att se småföretags resonemang kring payback. En sådan har så vitt vi vet inte genomförts tidigare. Nyckelord: diskonterad payback, diskontering, investeringskalkylering, IRR, kalkyleringsmetod, kassaflöde, likviditet, likviditetsmått, lönsamhet, NPV, payback, riskindex, småföretag, tidsvärde, återbetalningstid. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Vi har upptäckt tre forskningsfrågor för fortsatt forskning. Är payback trots allt ett mått på lönsamhet? Kan payback användas som ett riskindex vid investering? Hur ser investeringskalkyleringens användning i Sverige under det senaste decenniet?
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Chiu, Ka-cheung, and 招嘉章. "Elderly victimization: paradox of fear." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31978034.
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Henderson, Shirley. "The achondroplasia mutation rate paradox." Thesis, Open University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394800.
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Olsen, Thomas Grant. "Novel incest: Negotiating narrative paradox." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289116.
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Novel Incest: Negotiating Narrative Paradox, investigates how representations of incest disrupt not only family relationships but narrative conventions as well. The conventions governing a narrative's structural movement from beginning to end are upset in ways that often mimic the destruction of family lineage that incest causes. Each narrative instance of incest marks reconsideration not only of Western kinship systems and, more recently, the discourse of bourgeois family structures, but also of specific aspects of the rhetoric of fiction. This history of family and narrative disruption is sketched in my analysis of such seemingly disparate texts as Daniel Defoe's Moll Flanders; Ford Madox Ford's The Good Soldier; John Barth's novels and non-fiction, including The End of the Road, The Floating Opera, The Sot-Weed Factor, Giles Goat-Boy, Lost in the Funhouse, The Friday Book, Further Fridays, LETTERS, Sabbatical, The Tidewater Tales, The Last Voyage of Somebody the Sailor, and Once Upon a Time ; David Lynch's films, including The Alphabet, The Grandmother, Eraserhead, The Elephant Man, Dune, Blue Velvet, and Wild at Heart, and the pornographic film series Taboo I--XVIII . My analysis focuses on author- and reader-centered interpretations and includes both formal and thematic analysis. Psychoanalytic and deconstructive reading strategies are employed to investigate the intersections formed between narrative, rhetoric, and desire. The common thread connecting these texts is their unraveling of conventions in order to restructure the possibilities for narrative fiction.
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Svartz, Rydmark Kristina. "Normkritiken: den fria konstens paradox." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Konstvetenskapliga institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-410922.
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When Nationalmuseum 2018 reopened after a thorough renovation, a cultural debate arose in Sweden about the extent to which norm criticism has taken over the museum's permanent exhibition. The intention of norm criticism is to act as an inclusive tool, by, among other things, making visible, criticizing and changing structures. However, can the inclusive norm criticism also inhibit freedom of expression by causing an exclusion of certain art expressions and performers? In other words, does there arise a paradox in applying norm-critical requirements on artistic freedom? The purpose of this essay has been to present an answer to this question and thereby making a contribution to the discourse within the science of Arts, regarding the prerequisites of artistic freedom. The study was conducted through semiotic image analysis by the artwork: Anders Zorn – Badande kullor, Bruno Liljefors - Orrspel i mossen and Carl Larsson – Till en liten vira. The analysis were further developed through commutation tests, where the artist's gender affiliation changed from male to female with the intention of, from a norm-critical perspective, studying whether and how the artist's gender affiliation in a transmitter context influences the meaning and signification of the artwork. The results from the image analysis show that the meaning in the interpretations of the works shifts in a varying degrees, which can contribute to both confirm, creating new and challenging already known oppressive norms and structures. To summarize, the study concludes that in norm criticism such a paradox can arise, which can have limiting and exclusionary consequences for the prerequisites of artistic freedom in the form of, for example, self-censorship and discrimination.
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Ahlkvist, Cornelia. "Missbrukets paradox – hegemoni och paradigmskifte." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-26797.
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Substance abuse constitutes a multi-layered social issue. The practical social work carried out with individuals suffering from substance abuse is, among other things, directed by the guidelines set out by Socialstyrelsen. This study aims to, from a critical discursive point of view, map out the discursive field within those guidelines for care and support in cases of substance abuse and its consequences. Additionally, the study aims to clarify the connection between policy and real- world social work practices by illuminating subject positions articulated within the discourses of substance abuse contained in those same guidelines. Six different, partly if not fully competing, discourses within the guidelines are identified through the study, within which the subsequent subject positions affects any practical social work carried out. Furthermore, the study shows the hegemonic status of the medical discourse – how its construction of the substance abuse subject as medically afflicted is the most dominant. Finally, the results indicate, in accordance with previous research, the discourse of harm reduction is increasing its extent as a discourse surrounding substance abuse. Possibly, this signifies a paradigm shift in the making as regards perspectives on substance abuse and its treatment.
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Elving, Eriksson Max, and Robin Breinholtz. "Ensamhetens paradox : En kvalitativ innehållsanalys." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-43125.
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The purpose of this essay was to examine the experience of loneliness as well as the strategies used to manage loneliness as described in Swedish podcasts. Swedish podcasts concerning the experience and managing of loneliness were picked using a strategic selection based on several criteria relating to the questions posed by the study. To analyse the empirical data a qualitative content analysis was used, combined with a theoretical framework based on the dramaturgical perspective and stigma theories of sociologist Erving Goffman. The experience of loneliness was found to be paradoxical in nature due to its social and relational elements. The interviewees throughout the study appeared to compare and relate their experience to that of other people. Furthermore, the study found loneliness to be heavily reliant on social interactions and thus did not exist in a vacuum of social isolation. Several coping methods were identified and in turn grouped as either constructive and active or counterproductive and passive.
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Moylan, Robert L. "Lutheran Pietism paradox or paradigm /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1992. http://www.tren.com.
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Eccles, Brian Allan. "The productivity paradox in Asia." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19926558.
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Chiu, Ka-cheung. "Elderly victimization : paradox of fear /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18649701.
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Hill, Hayley Rose. "Personal Landscapes: Paradox in Practice." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17621.
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This research paper discusses the role of paradox in my creative and spiritual practices, inspired by a six month exchange to Japan, and 'Peaks', my work responding to that experience. 'Peaks' reflects upon the contrast between the natural and urban landscapes of Japan, and the relationship between contemporary Japanese culture and traditional spiritual ideals. 'Peaks' is also a personal enquiry, questioning the role of spiritual seeking in contemporary life. I explore seven key themes in relation to 'Peaks' and my broader practices - naivety, autobiography, narrative, history, nature, mysticism and liminality. This progression leads to an understanding of the human need for connection beyond our individual selves, to nature, to the numinous. Being human is to embody a state of paradox, as the ‘one’ in ‘oneness’, the ‘finite’ in the ‘infinite’. Creative and spiritual practices provide means to engage with this essential relationship.
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Stenmark, Daniel, and Andersson Jesper. "Privacy Paradox : En kvalitativ kartläggning." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informatik och media, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-390053.
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McGee, Julius. "The Paradox of Green Commodities." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20476.
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In this dissertation, I establish a theoretical and empirical critique of modern forms of environmentally sustainable technology. Theoretically, I critique the application of environmentally sustainable technologies in modern capitalist economies using the treadmill of production theory and metabolic rift theory. I also expand on these theories by developing an analytical concept – the displacement paradox. The displacement paradox refers to a counterintuitive phenomenon, where green technologies expand rather displace traditional production processes. Empirically, I assess the assumptions of the displacement paradox by analyzing the relationship between organic farming and agrochemical application, organic farming and greenhouse gas emissions, organic farming and water pollution, and alternatively fueled vehicles and total fuel consumption per vehicle. In each of these cases, I find that green technology (in the form of organic farming and alternatively fueled vehicles) is not displacing traditional production processes, and instead expanding alongside them. I argue that these findings are a result of the broader socioeconomic structure that green technology is produced under. Specifically, I contend that because current socioeconomic systems are established around traditional production processes, to substantially reduce environmental degradation, green technologies must operate as a social and technological counterforce to traditional production processes. Currently, the green technologies explored in this dissertation act as a technological alternatives to traditional production processes, making them commodities that sustain the current structure of social relations, as opposed to social and technological counterforces to environmentally hazardous forms of production. I conclude that in order for green technologies to successfully reduce environmental degradation, they must be established under social conditions that support their use over traditional production processes.
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Jonsson, William, and Christian Mikkiasson. "MELLANCHEFENS PARADOX : Beslutsimplementering i praktiken." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-163163.
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Den här studien ämnar undersöka hur mellanchefer beskriver deras arbete kring implementering av strategiska beslut eller förändringar. Den traditionella synen på mellanchefers strategiska arbeta utgår från ett topp till botten perspektiv där mellanchefer ses som strategiska genomförare. I denna process tas strategiska beslut och förändringar från en ledning som sedan implementeras av mellancheferna nedåt i organisationen. Forskning har uppmärksammat att mellanchefer kan ha strategiskt inflytande i form av att kunna styra och förändra de strategiska målen utifrån ett botten till toppen perspektiv. På senare tid har forskningen uppmärksammat paradoxen som kan uppstå för en mellanchef när de har en position som innebär en roll som både strategiska genomförare och samtidigt inneha strategisk inflytande. För att besvara syftet har en kvalitativ metod använts utifrån ett socialkonstruktivistiskt synsätt. Sju intervjuer har genomförts som sedan analyserats med hjälp av tematisk analys. Vårt resultat visar på att mellancheferna förhåller sig till ett långsiktigt och ett kortsiktigt tankesätt i deras strategiska arbete. Sammanfattningsvis innebär dessa tankesätt skillnader i hur de agerar och vilka val det finns utrymme till i deras roll när de implementerar beslut eller förändringar. Studien har förhållit sig till Bengtsson et al (2007) teori ”Activity-community model” och paradoxalt tillvägagångssätt. Studien bidrar till forskningsfältet genom att belysa ur ett paradoxalt synsätt hur mellanchefer förhåller sig till kortsiktigt och långsiktigt tankesätt inom organisationer samt hur detta påverkar deras arbete att implementera beslut i praktiken.
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Peterson, Dennis A. "Creating the paradox in form." PDXScholar, 1990. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4131.
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The intent of this thesis project was to create visual and psychological illusions and paradoxes by manipulating sculptural elements. This format embodied balances between man and nature and social comment.
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Riruako, Hoze. "The paradox of decentralization in Namibia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5257_1190379709.
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<p>It was the purpose of this study to demonstrate that the government of Namibia has been seeking to adopt structures and procedures that will contribute to the realization of general national development. Decentralization in any country takes place in a political context and its implementation assumes some political significance, as it is not merely a matter of centralization or decentralization of government functions and procedures, but both centralization and decentralization tendencies exist and reinforce each other in practice. This study argues that the dynamic features of decentralization and its implementation in Namibia have been shaped by central government's view, through the ministry of regional and local government and housing, of the concept decentralization. The objectives of this study were to provide a critical understanding of the theoretical foundation of the concept decentralization.</p>
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Scott, Amber. "Crested Butte: the Paradox of Paradise." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1734.
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I have attempted to denaturalize and historicize tourism in Crested Butte as an economic, social, and physical phenomenon that fits into the broader histories of Colorado and the West, as well as the broader histories and realities of travel and tourism. Why do people seek out certain places and experiences in the name of pleasure? How did these activities and spaces come to qualify as desirable? What about people who fall outside temporally limited definitions of tourist, such as those who come to Crested Butte for only a season or a year, or second homeowners who stay for months at a time, or, really, any resident? All these people value the place and their experiences in the exact same ways, influenced by the same physical and psychic constructions of desirability. These current constructions are informed by a long history of evolving tastes and interests, the products of converging local, national, and international dynamics. In tracing a history of tourism and especially tourism in the West, I used a variety of secondary sources authored by scholars of tourism, the West, and Colorado. In charting a history of Crested Butte, I utilized archived local newspapers. I spoke to a number of current Crested Butte residents to understand how Crested Butte locals view themselves, their community, their lifestyles, and their town.
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De, Wit Astrid. "The Present Perfective Paradox across Languages." Doctoral thesis, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/262568.
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Schanau, Bibi. "The paradox of the 'wounded healer'." Thesis, City University London, 2012. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/2993/.
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This doctoral portfolio consists of three different pieces of work related to the paradox of the ‘wounded healer’. It aims to reflect my journey as a practitioner-researcher. The different pieces show different aspects of this journey. The portfolio contains an original piece of research, an advanced client study and process report and thirdly a journal article. Jung (1951) introduced the archetype of the wounded healer to promote using personal experiences of healing to enhance empathy in the healing relationship. For therapists, this paradox describes the discrepancy of an acknowledgement of woundedness, while containing the client’s hopes and expectations of being healed, by projecting a sense of wholeness (Gerson, 1996; Groesbeck, 1975; Miller & Baldwin, 2013). Street (2005) refers to this when he describes the therapists’ life as the journey of a white knight, using his super powers on his way to the Holy Grail. Some suggest that the therapist’s wounds are a source of creativity (Adler, 1985) or sense of humanity (Martin, 2011), while others note the potential of pathology (e.g. Barnett, 2007) or power abuse (Guggenbuhl-Craig, 1971). Whichever way, the therapeutic work is always influenced by the therapists’ wounds and life changes (Gerson, 1996) and adds to the therapists’ personal ‘mythology’ (Guggenbuhl- Craig, 1995, p. 75).
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Lakso, Johan. "Det allmänna måttproblemet & Hausdorffs paradox." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Algebra och geometri, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-261978.
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Lurie, Carol Ann. "Private voluntary organizations : the participation paradox." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/75977.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1986.<br>MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH<br>Bibliography: leaves 75-82.<br>by Carol Ann Lurie.<br>M.C.P.
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Gray, Sean. "Hawking Radiation and the Information Paradox." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teoretisk fysik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-281080.
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Raftis, Jennifer. "Nanoparticles and atherosclerosis : resolving the paradox." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8796.
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Air pollution is increasingly recognised as an important and modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Exposure is associated with a range of adverse cardiovascular events including hospital admissions with angina and myocardial infarction, and with cardiovascular death. The main arbiter of these adverse health effects appears to be combustion-derived nanoparticles that incorporate reactive organic and transition metal components. Through the induction of cellular oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory pathways, these nanoparticles exert detrimental effects on platelets, vasculature and myocardium, and can augment the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Over the last 10 years there has been remarkable progress in the development of targeted engineered nanoparticles as contrast agents to enhance cellular and molecular imaging. Ultra-small paramagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) nanoparticles (<100 nm) produce disruptions in the magnetic field of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners, and a decrease in image intensity in areas where the particles accumulate. USPIO particles are phagocytosed by cells of the monocyte-macrophage system throughout the body including within atheromatous plaques. USPIOs have regulatory approval in the United Kingdom for imaging lymph nodes in breast and prostate cancer as well as FDA approval for parenteral iron-replacement therapy in chronic kidney disease. There is great interest in developing USPIO and other nanoparticle contrast agents for imaging atherosclerosis. The delivery of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) directly into the bloodstream to provide enhanced imaging of the unstable atheromatous plaque may assist in the diagnosis of plaque rupture and may ultimately permit targeted delivery of therapies directly to the site of vascular injury. However, these particles once blood-borne may alter monocyte-macrophage function and activate circulating platelets with adverse effects on clinical outcomes. Previously it has been shown that inhalation of combustion-derived nanoparticles results in increases in platelet-monocyte aggregation and thrombus formation in healthy volunteers. These combustion derived nanoparticles share structural similarities with engineered nanoparticles designed for intravascular infusion. This raises an obvious paradoxical question: can engineered nanoparticles designed for medical use mediate similar effects to combustion derived nanoparticles in susceptible populations? My thesis addresses this question and describes a series of complimentary experimental and clinical studies to investigate the effects of engineered nanoparticles on platelet function and thrombogenesis using commercial and clinically available nanoparticles. I found that cationic nanoparticles caused platelet activation and aggregation in vitro, whereas, anionic nanoparticles caused inflammation and up-regulated adhesion molecule ICAM-1 in monocyte derived macrophages indicating that nanoparticles have different toxicological properties in different biological conditions. Using an ex vivo model of thrombus formation, the Badimon chamber, I observed that USPIO nanoparticles added to flowing native whole blood in an extra-corporeal circuit increased platelet rich thrombus formation under high shear conditions compared to saline control in healthy volunteers. These studies were repeated in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms who received intra-venous systemic infusions of USPIO to enhance MRI imaging. I demonstrated up-regulation in markers of platelet activation and more platelet rich thrombus formation in the Badimon chamber one hour following systemic delivery of USPIO. In summary I have demonstrated that medical nanoparticles influence platelet activation in patients with cardiovascular disease and have pro-thrombotic effects in an ex-vivo model of in both healthy persons and susceptible patients. In light of this data and to ensure the safe future development of engineered nanoparticles for medical use platelet activation assays and follow-up monitoring of patients should be considered routine in both the developmental and clinical stages of engineered nanoparticle use.
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Boman, Paul. "Paradox & fruktan i fiktionens gränsland." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Tolk- och översättarinstitutet, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-180764.
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The aim of this student thesis is to achieve a translation of an excerpt of a previously untranslated book from English to Swedish. The translated material has been collected from the autobiographical book Kingdom of Fear by the author Hunter S. Thompson and consists partly of paratexts. The translation has been performed in accordance with a principle that was formed within the theoretical frames of Gideon Toury’s Descriptive Translation Studies. Accordingly, the discussion about the translation is based on the terms adequacy and acceptancy. The paper includes analyses of relevant aspects of the translated material, for example genre, paratext, and persona related problems. To illustrate the translation process, comments on the translation are also enclosed, which deal with solutions regarding grammatical and syntactical changes, imagery and cultural-specific expressions.<br>Syftet med detta examensarbete är att åstadkomma en översättning av ett utdrag från ett tidigare oöversatt verk från engelska till svenska. Det översatta materialet är hämtat från det autobiografiska verket Kingdom of Fear av författaren Hunter S. Thompson och består bland annat av paratexter. Översättningen har utförts efter en princip som formulerats inom de teoretiska ramarna för Gideon Tourys Descriptive Translation Studies. Därmed utgår diskussionen kring översättningen från termerna adekvans och acceptans. Arbetet innefattar analyser på relevanta aspekter av det översatta materialet, exempelvis genre, paratext och personaproblematik. För att åskådliggöra översättningsprocessen medföljer även översättningskommentarer som behandlar lösningar angående grammatiska och syntaktiska ändringar, bildspråk och kulturspecifika uttryck.
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Eldridge-Smith, Peter. "The liar paradox and its relatives /." View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2008. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20081016.173200/index.html.
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