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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Paragraph annotation

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Academic literature on the topic 'Paragraph annotation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Paragraph annotation"

1

Susetyo, Bagas Bhaskoro, and Retno Hardini Inkreswari. "Leveraging graph-based semantic annotation for the identification of cause-effect relations." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 4 (2020): 4352–62. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i4.pp4352-4362.

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This research is related to language article in Indonesia that discuss about causality relationship research used as public health surveillance information monitoring system. Utilization of this research is suitability of feature selection, phrase annotation, paragraph annotation, medical element annotation and graph-based semantic annotation. Evaluation of system performance is done by intrinsic approach using the naive bayes multinomial method. The results obtained sequentially for recall, precision and f-measure are 0.924, 0.905, and 0.910.

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Pimenov, I. S. "Analyzing Disagreements in Argumentation Annotation of Scientific Texts in Russian Language." NSU Vestnik. Series: Linguistics and Intercultural Communication 21, no. 2 (2023): 89–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7935-2023-21-2-89-104.

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This paper presents the analysis of inter-annotator disagreements in modeling argumentation in scientific papers. The aim of the study is to specify annotation guidelines for the typical disagreement cases. The analysis focuses on inter-annotator disagreements at three annotation levels: theses identification, links construction between theses, specification of reasoning models for these links. The dataset contains 20 argumentation annotations for 10 scientific papers from two thematic areas, where two experts have independently annotated each text. These 20 annotations include 917 theses and

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Kwiatkowski, Tom, Jennimaria Palomaki, Olivia Redfield, et al. "Natural Questions: A Benchmark for Question Answering Research." Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 7 (November 2019): 453–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00276.

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We present the Natural Questions corpus, a question answering data set. Questions consist of real anonymized, aggregated queries issued to the Google search engine. An annotator is presented with a question along with a Wikipedia page from the top 5 search results, and annotates a long answer (typically a paragraph) and a short answer (one or more entities) if present on the page, or marks null if no long/short answer is present. The public release consists of 307,373 training examples with single annotations; 7,830 examples with 5-way annotations for development data; and a further 7,842 exam

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Gabriel, Saadia, Chandra Bhagavatula, Vered Shwartz, Ronan Le Bras, Maxwell Forbes, and Yejin Choi. "Paragraph-level Commonsense Transformers with Recurrent Memory." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 14 (2021): 12857–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i14.17521.

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Human understanding of narrative texts requires making commonsense inferences beyond what is stated in the text explicitly. A recent model, COMET, can generate such inferences along several dimensions such as pre- and post-conditions, motivations, and mental states of the participants. However, COMET was trained on short phrases, and is therefore discourse-agnostic. When presented with each sentence of a multi-sentence narrative, it might generate inferences that are inconsistent with the rest of the narrative. We present the task of discourse-aware commonsense inference. Given a sentence with

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Bhaskoro, Susetyo Bagas, and Inkreswari Retno Hardini. "Leveraging graph-based semantic annotation for the identification of cause-effect relations." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 4 (2020): 4352. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i4.pp4352-4362.

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This research is related to language article in Indonesia that discuss about causality relationship research used as public health surveillance information monitoring system. Utilization of this research is suitability of feature selection, phrase annotation, paragraph annotation, medical element annotation and graph-based semantic annotation. Evaluation of system performance is done by intrinsic approach using the Naive Bayes Multinomial method. The results obtained sequentially for recall, precision and f-measure are 0.924, 0.905, and 0.910.

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6

MA, Ning. "MedicalQA: A dataset of medical domain for machine reading comprehension." China Scientific Data 9, no. 1 (2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.11922/11-6035.csd.2022.0030.zh.

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Machine reading comprehension aims to make the computer understand the paragraph semantics and answer the questions raised by users using algorithms. The quality of the dataset used in this task can directly affect the experimental results of the model. In order to enrich the medical domain dataset of machine reading comprehension, this paper constructs MedicalQA, a medical domain dataset for machine reading comprehension, employing a combination of web crawlers and manual annotation techniques. The dataset takes two medical platforms (i.e. Xunyiwenyao Network and 39 Health Network) as main da

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Polakova, Lucie, Jiří Mírovský, Šárka Zikánová, and Eva Hajičová. "Discourse Relations and Connectives in Higher Text Structure." Dialogue & Discourse 12, no. 2 (2021): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5210/dad.2021.201.

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The present article investigates possibilities and limits of local (shallow) analysis of discourse coherence with respect to the phenomena of global coherence and higher composition of texts. We study corpora annotated with local discourse relations in Czech and partly in English to try and find clues in the local annotation indicating a higher discourse structure. First, we classify patterns of subsequent or overlapping pairs of local relations, and hierarchies formed by nested local relations. Special attention is then given to relations crossing paragraph boundaries and their semantic types

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Farianto, Willy. "Retirement and Continuation of Employment Relations: Annotation of Supreme Court Circular Letter Number 5 of 2021." Lex Publica 9, no. 1 (2022): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.58829/lp.9.1.2022.111-122.

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Retirement is a time when a worker stops working because he is old or has entered old age. At that time, laws and regulations stipulated that termination of employment could be carried out for the reason that workers were entering retirement age. However, sometimes it is common to find a company still employing retirees, whether they are employees who have retired but are still employed or have had their term of office extended, or who have retired and then been called back to work. For employees who have retired and are re-employed, the company can use a Specific Time Work Agreement (Perjanji

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He, Yinglai, and Tingxuan Mi. "Legal Effects of the Exercise of Creditors' Right of Subrogation--Annotation on the Interpretation Path of Article 537 of the Chinese Civil Code." Frontiers in Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 12 (2024): 110–18. https://doi.org/10.54691/s8drb130.

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Since the subrogation system was introduced into China, the legal effect of creditors' exercise of subrogation rights has been a matter of contention, particularly with regard to the interpretation of Article 537 of the Chinese Civil Code. This article analyses the legislative history and judicial practice of subrogation rights in China, as well as the effect of the exercise of subrogation rights from the perspective of comparative law, starting from Article 537 of the Chinese Civil Code. Furthermore, this paper will examine the "rules of warehousing combined with set-off rules", "priority com

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Pionke, Albert D. "Reconstructing an Ancient Monument to Mid-Victorian Liberalism, One Annotation at a Time: John Stuart Mill’s Marginalia in George Grote’s History of Greece." Victorians Institute Journal 48, no. 1 (2021): 130–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/victinstj.48.2021.0130.

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Abstract John Stuart Mill inscribed nearly 1,200 individual examples of marginalia into his personal copy of George Grote’s twelve-volume History of Greece (1846–56). Of these, roughly two-thirds are verbal annotations ranging in length from a single letter to a short paragraph. Analysis of the 136 annotations found in volumes one and two, and comparison of each page containing annotations across five editions of Grote’s History, reveal not only that Mill was directly responsible for sixty revisions made to the text of volumes one and two but also that Mill read and annotated his friend’s “opu

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Books on the topic "Paragraph annotation"

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1843-1921, Scofield C. I., ed. The first Scofield reference Bible: Containing the Old and New Testaments. Authorized King James version, features a new system of connected topical references to all the greater themes of Scripture, with annotation, revised marginal renderings, summaries, definitions, and index, to which are added helps at hard places, explanations of seeming discrepancies, and a new system of paragraphs. Believers Bookshelf Inc., 1986.

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1843-1921, Scofield C. I., and Weston Henry G. 1820-1909, eds. The Holy Bible containing the Old and New Testaments: Authorized King James Version with a new system of connected topical references to all the greater themes of Scripture, with annotations, revised marginal renderings, summaries, definitions, chronology, and index, to which are added, helps at hard places, explanations of seeming discrepancies, and a new system of paragraphs. Oxford Univerrsity Press, 1996.

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1843-1921, Scofield C. I., and Weston Henry G. 1820-1909, eds. The Holy Bible containing the Old and New Testaments: Authorized King James Version with a new system of connected topical references to all the greater themes of Scripture, with annotations, revised marginal renderings, summaries, definitions, chronology, and index, to which are added, helps at hard places, explanations of seeming discrepancies, and a new system of paragraphs. Oxford Univerrsity Press, 1996.

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1843-1921, Scofield C. I., and Weston Henry G. 1820-1909, eds. The Holy Bible containing the Old and New Testaments: Authorized King James Version with a new system of connected topical references to all the greater themes of Scripture, with annotations, revised marginal renderings, summaries, definitions, chronology, and index, to which are added, helps at hard places, explanations of seeming discrepancies, and a new system of paragraphs. Oxford Univerrsity Press, 1996.

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5

The annotations of the annotated paragraph Bible: Lāṃʻ cī chaṃ dī bhañʻʹ ññā ʼa khī pa ññī. s.n., 1990.

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The Holy Bible containing the Old and New Testaments: Authorized King James Version with a new system of connected topical references to all the greater themes of Scripture, with annotations, revised marginal renderings, summaries, definitions, chronology, and index, to which are added, helps at hard places, explanations of seeming discrepancies, and a new system of paragraphs. Oxford Univerrsity Press, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Paragraph annotation"

1

"On Paragraph Four of “The Conservation of Races”." In Annotations. Duke University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478023029-001.

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"On Paragraph Four of “The Conservation of Races”." In Annotations. Duke University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/jj.1544782.6.

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Shang, Rong, Jian Zhang, and Mingzi Fu. "A Meeting Minutes Generation Model Based on Speech-Text Dual-Modal." In Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications. IOS Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.3233/faia250142.

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The purpose of generating meeting minutes is to extract important information from the discussions and compile it into concise and readable text paragraphs. Traditional meeting summary methods primarily rely on textual information, which necessitates the collection of high-quality meeting transcripts. To address this issue, we propose a speech-text dual-modal meeting minutes generation model capable of processing both speech and text information simultaneously. We encode speech sequences using a speech encoder and align speech features with text features through a feature alignment module. The

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Ruskulis, Lilia, and Lidiia Aizikova. "SCIENTIFIC TEXT AS A MEANS FOR REALIZATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION STUDENTS IN EDUCATIONAL AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ACTIVITIES." In Trends of philological education development in the context of European integration. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-069-8-11.

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The article clarifies the peculiarities of the organization of educational and scientific research activity of higher education institution students, which is an important way to improve the quality of training and forming of specialists with an academic degree, able to creatively apply the latest achievements of scientific and technological progress, and opens opportunities for effective acquisition and use of knowledge; implements an individualized approach to learning; develops the ability to independently conduct research and summarize the investigation results; dominant tasks are characte

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Conference papers on the topic "Paragraph annotation"

1

Bao, Qiaoben, Jiangjie Chen, Linfang Liu, Jingping Liu, Jiaqing Liang, and Yanghua Xiao. "Harvesting More Answer Spans from Paragraph beyond Annotation." In WSDM '22: The Fifteenth ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining. ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3488560.3498399.

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Inkova, O. Y., V. A. Nuriev, and N. A. Popkova. "The Role of Paragraph in the Corpora of Annotated Texts." In Dialogue. RSUH, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2075-7182-2022-21-273-283.

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The paper focuses on the function of paragraph both in text organization and in text annotation from the point of view of coherence. Taking as examples three major types of corpora (the RST, ANNODIS, and PDTB corpora), it shows whether and to what extent the existing approaches account for the paragraph when a discourse relation gets annotated. Then it presents the theoretical principles underlying text annotation in two databases: the Supracorpora database of connectives and the Supracorpora database of hierarchical logical-semantic relations (a new linguistic resource). Text coherence is sho

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Ramakrishnan, Murugesan, Sakshi Jawarani, Varshini Sriram, and Rafael Alvarado. "Collective Biographies of Women: A Machine Learning Approach to Paragraph Annotation." In 2019 Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium (SIEDS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sieds.2019.8735599.

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Mardhekar, Amogh, Rushikesh Pawar, Rucha Mohod, Rohit Shirudkar, and Umesh N. Hivarkar. "Towards Automation of Reference Data Generation for ADAS/AD Functions Development – ALiVA Framework." In International Automotive CAE Conference – Road to Virtual World. SAE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-28-0022.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The advancements towards autonomous driving have propelled the need for reference/ground truth data for development and validation of various functionalities. Traditional data labelling methods are time consuming, skills intensive and have many drawbacks. These challenges are addressed through ALiVA (automatic lidar, image &amp; video annotator), a semi-automated framework assisting for event detection and generation of reference data through annotation/labelling of video &amp; point-cloud data. ALiVA is capable

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Prasad, Rashmi, Katherine Forbes-Riley, and Alan Lee. "Towards Full Text Shallow Discourse Relation Annotation: Experiments with Cross-Paragraph Implicit Relations in the PDTB." In Proceedings of the 18th Annual SIGdial Meeting on Discourse and Dialogue. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/w17-5502.

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Abdelhalim, Gina, Kevin Simon, Robert Bensch, Sai Parimi, and Bilal Ahmed Qureshi. "Automated AI-Based Annotation Framework for 3D Object Detection from LIDAR Data in Industrial Areas." In 2024 Stuttgart International Symposium. SAE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-01-2999.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Autonomous Driving is used in various settings, including indoor areas such as industrial halls and warehouses. For perception in these environments, LIDAR is currently very popular due to its high accuracy compared to RADAR and its robustness to varying lighting conditions compared to cameras. However, there is a notable lack of freely available labeled LIDAR data in these settings, and most public datasets, such as KITTI and Waymo, focus on public road scenarios. As a result, specialized publicly available annotation f

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Wang, Zhenyu, Zhuoping Yu, Wei Tian, Lu Xiong, and Chen Tang. "A Method for Building Vehicle Trajectory Data Sets Based on Drone Videos." In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-0714.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The research and development of data-driven highly automated driving system components such as trajectory prediction, motion planning, driving test scenario generation, and safety validation all require large amounts of naturalistic vehicle trajectory data. Therefore, a variety of data collection methods have emerged to meet the growing demand. Among these, camera-equipped drones are gaining more and more attention because of their obvious advantages. Specifically, compared to others, drones have a wider field of bird's

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Li, Jiakai, Yangle Liu, and Zheng Rong. "Automated Generation of Parking Data Sets for Underground Car Parks." In 2024 International Conference on Smart Transportation Interdisciplinary Studies. SAE International, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4271/2025-01-7191.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The advancement of autonomous driving perception frequently necessitates the aggregation of data, its subsequent annotation, the implementation of training procedures, and other related activities. In contrast, the utilisation of synthetic data obviates the necessity for data collection, annotation, and the generation of accurate and reliable labels. Its incorporation into the development process is anticipated to streamline the entire algorithmic development process. In this study, we propose a novel approach utilising

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Li, Jian, Song Zhang, Chao Meng, Jinren Mei, Xiaofang Bie, and Xin He. "Data Synthesis Methods for Parking-Slot Detection." In SAE 2023 Intelligent and Connected Vehicles Symposium. SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-7052.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Parking-slot detection plays a critical role in the self-parking system for autonomous driving. To enhance the complexity of the environmental situations in parking-slot datasets and reduce the difficulty of manual annotation, we design several data synthesis methods to generate new parking-slots under different situations. Methods introduced in this paper include synthesizing parking-slots in AVM (around view monitor) images, generating parking-slots in fisheye images and adding 2D symbols inside parking-slots to form s

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Wu, Xian, Junjie Gou, and Jianwang Shao. "A Method of Generating a Composite Dataset for Monitoring of Non-Driving Related Tasks." In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. SAE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-01-2640.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Recently, several datasets have become available for occupant monitoring algorithm development, including real and synthetic datasets. However, real data acquisition is expensive and labeling is complex, while virtual data may not accurately reflect actual human physiology. To address these issues and obtain high-fidelity data for training intelligent driving monitoring systems, we have constructed a hybrid dataset that combines real driving image data with corresponding virtual data generated from 3D driving scenarios.

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