Journal articles: 'Paraguay river'

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Vera-Alcaraz, Héctor S., Carla S. Pavanelli, and Cláudio H. Zawadzki. "Taxonomic revision of the Rineloricaria species (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the Paraguay River basin." Neotropical Ichthyology 10, no. 2 (2012): 285–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252012000200006.

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Species of the genus Rineloricaria from the Paraguay River basin were revised, the following species and geographic distributional patterns were found: R. aurata, Paraguay River basin in Brazil and Paraguay, rio Guaporé in Brazil; R. cacerensis, Paraguay River near Cáceres in Brazil; R. lanceolata, Paraguay River basin in Brazil and Paraguay, Guaporé, Ji-Paraná, Purus, Solimões, and Araguaia rivers in Brazil, Marañón and Madre de Dios rivers in Peru; R. parva, Paraguay River basin in Brazil and Paraguay, Paraná River in Argentina, Uruguay River in Brazil. Loricaria hoehnei is proposed as a new junior synonym of R. lanceolata. A key to the species of Rineloricaria from the Paraguay River basin is provided.

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Resende, EK, DKS Marques, and LKSG Ferreira. "A successful case of biological invasion: the fish Cichla piquiti, an Amazonian species introduced into the Pantanal, Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Biology 68, no. 4 (November 2008): 799–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842008000400014.

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The "tucunaré", Cichla piquiti, an exotic Amazonian fish has become established along the left bank of the Paraguay River in the Pantanal. It was introduced by escaping from culture ponds in the Upper Piquiri River and spread downstream, along the lateral flooded areas of that river, continuing through the clear waters of the left bank of the Paraguay River and reaching south as far as the Paraguai Mirim and Negrinho rivers. Adult spawners have been found in the region, meaning that it is a self-sustained population. Reproduction occurs in the period of low waters. They were found feeding on fishes of lentic environments belonging to the families Characidae, Cichlidae and Loricariidae. Until the end of 2004, its distribution was restricted to the left bank of the Paraguay River, but in March 2005, some specimens were found on the right bank, raising a question for the future: what will be the distribution area of the tucunaré in the Pantanal? Information about its dispersion is increasing: it is known to be in the Tuiuiú Lake, Pantanal National Park and in the Bolivian Pantanal, all of them on the right bank of the Paraguay River. The hypothesis that the "tucunaré" could not cross turbid waters, such as in the Paraguay River, was refuted by these recent findings. Possibly, the tucunaré's capacity to lay more than one batch of eggs in a reproductive period, as well as its care of eggs and young, lead them to establish themselves successfully in new environments, as has been observed in the Pantanal and other localities.

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Scheina, Robert L. "Unexplored Opportunities in Latin American Maritime History." Americas 48, no. 3 (January 1992): 397–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1007242.

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Latin American maritime history is virtually an unexplored subject among English-speaking scholars. Opportunities for research abound since practically every Latin American nation has had an intimate affair with the water; for some it has been sweet and for others salt. One can find a maritime topic which complements his or her interest in almost any Latin American country or any era.Even land-locked Paraguay has been profoundly influenced by its maritime environment. It has fought two major wars since independence and the outcomes of both were influenced by the exploitation of the extensive river systems. During the War of the Triple Alliance, Paraguay lost control of the rivers, the only efficient means of transportation, early in the contest. As a result, Paraguay's enemies held the initiative and could find a haven under the guns of their fleet if the battle went poorly on land. Conversely, during the early stages of the Chaco War, Paraguay's control of the rivers gave it a significant logistical advantage over its enemy, Bolivia. Paraguay had to bring its supplies up the Paraguay River and its tributaries; on the other hand, Bolivia had to bring its supplies up the west slopes of the Andes and then down the other side.

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Oliveira, MD, SK Hamilton, DF Calheiros, CM Jacobi, and RO Latini. "Modeling the potential distribution of the invasive golden mussel Limnoperna fortunei in the Upper Paraguay River system using limnological variables." Brazilian Journal of Biology 70, no. 3 suppl (October 2010): 831–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842010000400014.

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The invasive golden mussel, Limnoperna fortunei (Dunker, 1857), was introduced into the La Plata River estuary and quickly expanded upstream to the North, into the Paraguay and Paraná rivers. An ecological niche modeling approach, based on limnological variables, was used to predict the expansion of the golden mussel in the Paraguay River and its tributaries. We used three approaches to predict the geographic distribution: 1) the spatial distribution of calcium concentration and the saturation index for calcium carbonate (calcite); 2) the Genetic Algorithm for Rule-Set Production (GARP) model; and the 3) Maximum Entropy Method (Maxent) model. Other limnological variables such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) were used in the latter two cases. Important tributaries of the Paraguay River such as the Cuiabá and Miranda/Aquidauana rivers exhibit high risk of invasion, while lower risk was observed in the chemically dilute waters of the middle basin where shell calcification may be limited by low calcium concentrations and carbonate mineral undersaturation.

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WILD, ALEXANDER L. "A catalogue of the ants of Paraguay (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Zootaxa 1622, no. 1 (October 26, 2007): 1–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1622.1.1.

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The ant communities of the Paraná River drainage in South America have spawned several major invasive species and a number of cosmopolitan tramp species, including the fire ant Solenopsis invicta Buren and the Argentine ant Linepithema humile (Mayr). Paraguay sits at the center of the Paraná drainage but hosts one of the most poorly-documented ant faunas in the Neotropics, imposing a taxonomic impediment to ant studies in the region. In order to establish a baseline of knowledge about Paraguay’s myrmecofauna, I surveyed nineteen entomological collections and the published literature for records of Paraguayan ants. The resulting catalogue lists 541 ant species, 423 of which could be associated with available names. The Chao-2 estimate of species richness, calculated from the incidence of uniques and doubletons, estimates that the total ant species richness for Paraguay is 698 +/35, suggesting that the catalogue is about 80% complete and more than 100 species remain to be discovered. The Paraguayan ant fauna is characterized by many typical Neotropical elements but shows low endemism, an elevated diversity of attine ants, and only six non-native species. No new taxa are described here, but 40 taxonomic changes are introduced to clean antiquated trinomials from the fauna. The history of Paraguayan myrmecology is discussed, and a reference list is provided for species-level identifications.

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Queiroz, Rafaella Ferreira Neres de, Breno Dias Vitorino, Angélica Vilas Boas da Frota, Carolina Joana da Silva, Solange Kimie Ikeda Castrillon, and Josué Ribeiro da Silva Nunes. "Changes in the structure of bird communities over 10 years in the Ecological Corridor of Paraguay River, Pantanal wetland." Revista Ibero-Americana de Ciências Ambientais 12, no. 3 (January 13, 2021): 111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.6008/cbpc2179-6858.2021.003.0011.

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Studies with bird communities related to the hydrogeomorphological characteristics of climatic rivers associated with flood areas are important to identify short and long term temporal space changes. In this perspective, this research aims to evaluate the structure of the bird community of the Paraguay River, through the richness of descriptors, the quantity and the diversity and equability index over an interval of 10 years, 2008 / 9-2018 / 19 , considering the economies of the hydrological cycle, floods, floods, emptiness and drought and sampled macrohabitats. The study was developed addressing a connected hydrology of the Paraguay River, in the longitudinal and lateral dimensions. A study area comprised of three functional sectors of the Paraguay River, meandering, rectilinear and transitional, beginning in the urban period of the municipality of Cáceres-MT, up to a Descalvada Farm, with a 134 km course of the river, with 13 points in total. Each functional sector of the river, had a sampling point and 10 parental bays, with different degrees of lateral connectivity, were sampled. A survey analyzed and compared two hydrological sampling cycles, the first between June 2008 and March 2009, and the second between August 2018 and April 2019. The protocol for the sampling consisted of four campaigns corresponding to the hydrological drought studies, flood, full and ebb. The results pointed to a distinction in the community structure between the two cycles 2008/2009 - 2018/2019 show a difference in the relative scope and in the composition of the species in the sampled locations. The main change registered between the two cycles (2008/2009 and 2018/2019) was the disappearance of three nests - habitat for feeding and reproduction of colonial birds, identified in the first and without registration in the second cycle. The dominance of Mycteria americana is highlighted, a species sensitive to environmental changes, not observed in the first cycle of studies. The absence of nests in 2018/2019, coupled with the dominance of Pitangus sulphuratus, a generalist species, may indicate anthropic changes that occurred along the Paraguay River in this time interval. It is hoped that the results of this comparison will be able to subsidize or influence the effective decision-making for the conservation of the biodiversity of birds and the Paraguay and Pantanal river itself.

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Zalocar de Domitrovic, Y., ASG Poi de Neiff, and SL Casco. "Abundance and diversity of phytoplankton in the Paraná River (Argentina) 220 km downstream of the Yacyretá reservoir." Brazilian Journal of Biology 67, no. 1 (February 2007): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842007000100008.

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Patterns in the temporal composition, abundance and diversity of the phytoplankton community of the Paraná river prior to and after the initial filling phase of the Yacyretá reservoir are analyzed. The study site is located 220 km downstream from the Yacyretá reservoir and 30 km downstream from the confluence with the Paraguay river. Because both rivers remain separate and unmixed at the study site, we compared the possible effects of the impoundment on both river banks (left and right banks) in hydrological periods with similar duration and magnitude of the low and high water phases. Physical and chemical conditions measured on the right bank (water from the Paraguay river) were similar at both periods (pre and post-impoundment) whereas conductivity, pH and orthophosphate concentration increased on the left bank (water from the High Paraná river and Yacyretá reservoir) after the impoundment. Changes in phytoplankton density and diversity were observed only in samples collected from water flowing from the reservoir (left bank). The density of Chlorophyceae (Chloromonas acidophila, Chlamydomonas leptobasis, Choricystis minor, Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus ecornis, Monoraphidium minutum, M. contortum and M. pusillum) and Cryptophyceae (Rhodomonas minuta, Cryptomonas marssonii and C. ovata) increased while Cyanophyceae (Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Raphidiopsis mediterranea and Planktolyngbya subtilis) and Bacillariophyceae (Aulacoseira granulata and its bioforms) decreased compared to previous studies conducted on the left bank of the Paraná river. Phytoplankton collected from the right bank of the river did not differ in pre and post- impoundment samples because they originate from the Paraguay river, which remains relatively unaffected by human activities.

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Scott, Norman J., and Pier Cacciali. "Reptilia, Squamata, Teiidae, Dracaena paraguayensis Amaral, 1950: in Paraguay, Dracaena sí, Crocodilurus no." Check List 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 052. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/7.1.52.

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An old published record for “Crocodilurus” in Paraguay was almost certainly based on Dracaena paraguayensis Amaral, 1950. Thus, D. paraguayensis occurs from the Brazilian Pantanal south along the Paraguay River as far as Fuerte Olimpo, and Crocodilurus lacertinus (Daudin, 1802) remains restricted to the Amazon and Orinoco river drainages.

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Eilers, Vivianne, Márcia Divina de Oliveira, and Kennedy Francis Roche. "Density and body size of the larval stages of the invasive golden mussel (Limnoperna fortunei) in two neotropical rivers." Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia 23, no. 3 (February 29, 2012): 282–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2179-975x2012005000006.

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AIM: The present study involved an analysis of the monthly variations in the population densities and body sizes of the different stages of planktonic larvae of the invasive golden mussel (Limnoperna fortunei), in the rivers Paraguay and Miranda; METHODS: The study was carried out between February 2004 and January 2005. Monthly collection of the plankton samples was accompanied by physical, chemical and biological analyses of the water; RESULTS: The Miranda River presented higher values of calcium, pH, alkalinity, conductivity and total phosphorous. Larval density varied from 0-24 individuals.L-1 in the Paraguay River, with a peak in March of 2004, while in the Miranda River, densities varied between 0-9 individuals.L-1 with a peak in February of 2004. No larvae were encountered during the coldest months, May and June. No significant correlations were found between environmental variables and larval density in either river. Only the valved larval stages were recorded. The "D" and veliger forms were most abundant; umbonate larvae were rare in the Miranda River samples. Mean body sizes of "D", veliger and umbonate larval stages were, respectively, 111, 135 and 152 µm, in the Paraguay River, and 112, 134 and 154 µm in the Miranda River. Principal Components Analysis indicated positive relationships between "D" larval stage size and the ratio between inorganic and organic suspended solids, while negative relationships were found between larval size and calcium and chlorophyll-<img border=0 width=7 height=8 src="/img/revistas/alb/2012nahead/ALB_AOP_230307car01.jpg">; CONCLUSIONS: The larvae were recorded in the plankton during most of the year, with the exception of the two colder months. Neither densities nor larval stage body sizes were significantly different between the two rivers. Possible positive effects of food and calcium concentrations on body size were not recorded. This species may be adapted to grow in environments with elevated sediment concentrations.

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ritten, sanra. "Making Chipas in Paraguay." Gastronomica 9, no. 2 (2009): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2009.9.2.19.

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In the midst of the poverty and heat of Paraguay on an estancia, or ranch, in the department of Concepcióón along the Tagatiya river, a group of travelers are taught to make chipa, an iconic Paraguayan food staple. Chipa, a pre-Colombian bread, is made from manioc flour, lard, milk, eggs, salt and anise. Long before wheat was introduced in the region the indigenous Guaraníí depended on manioc for sustenance. Manioc is a calorie-rich tuber, native to the Americas, found in many Paraguayan dishes such as mbeju, soups and sauces. The chipa is traditionally baked atop banana leaves in a brick and clay oven called tatakuáá. While making the chipa the travelers are also introduced to tereréé, a cold herbal tea, and cocido negro, a coffee like beverage also made from the South American herbal tea called yerba mate.

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Krepper, Carlos M., Norberto O. García, and Phil D. Jones. "Paraguay river basin response to seasonal rainfall." International Journal of Climatology 26, no. 9 (2006): 1267–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.1313.

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Terán, Guillermo Enrique, Felipe Alonso, Gastón Aguilera, and Juan Marcos Mirande. "Range extension of Hypostomus cochliodon Kner, 1854 (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) in Bermejo River, Salta, Argentina." Check List 12, no. 4 (August 26, 2016): 1953. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/12.4.1953.

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Hypostomus cochliodon Kner, 1854 had been recorded from Paraguay and Paraná rivers in Argentina. We recorded for the first time specimens of H. cochliodon to the Bermejo River basin. It is also the first record of this species to Salta province, Argentina.

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Barros, Vicente, Lucas Chamorro, Genaro Coronel, and Julián Baez. "The Major Discharge Events in the Paraguay River: Magnitudes, Source Regions, and Climate Forcings." Journal of Hydrometeorology 5, no. 6 (December 1, 2004): 1161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-378.1.

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Abstract The greatest discharges of the Paraguay River were studied using monthly series of Ladario, Brazil, at the outlet of the vast wetland of the Pantanal, and Asunción, Paraguay, at the middle Paraguay River outlet. Most of the major discharges at Asunción peaked between May and July, in phase with the annual maximum of the river discharges. They originated in the upper and middle Paraguay basins and were independent of the Pantanal output because their climate forcings were different from those of the Pantanal. In fact, most of the major discharge contributions from the upper and middle Paraguay basins occurred during El Niño (EN) periods, while at the Pantanal outlet they happened in neutral periods. The top discharge occurred during the autumn following the EN onset year. The composite of these cases has a tropospheric circulation that enhances the subtropical jet and the cyclonic vorticity advection over the Alto Paraná and the upper and middle Paraguay basins, favoring large positive anomalies in the precipitation field. Not all the major discharges were related to EN. Particularly, the major discharges that peaked in winter shared common features, despite their occurrence during EN, La Niña, or the neutral phases. Their April to August fields had an almost barotropic pattern at high latitudes with a deep cyclonic anomaly between 120° and 160°W and an anticyclonic anomaly over the southern tip of South America. This pattern is consistent with a northward shift of the synoptic perturbation tracks, which favors fields of positive precipitation anomalies over the Paraguay basin.

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Corbo, Tomás Sansón. "El campo historiográfico en Paraguay en la primera mitad del siglo XX: condicionamientos y monopolio interpretativo / The Historiographic Field in Paraguay in the First Half of the 20th Century: Determining Factors and Interpretative Monopoly." Historiografías, no. 13 (December 26, 2017): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/ojs_historiografias/hrht.2017132351.

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En este artículo se estudian las condiciones de producción de conocimiento histórico en Paraguay durante la primera mitad del siglo XX, con el propósito de identificar los factores de carácter estructural que ralentizaron el proceso de configuración de su campo historiográfico. Se examinan las razones por las cuales, en el caso paraguayo, no se articularon de manera adecuada las sinergias entre las dinámicas endógenas y los estímulos externos, lo que trajo un modelo de disciplina diferente del de los demás Estados de la región platense.Palabras claveParaguay, historia de la historiografía, nacionalismo, campo historiográfico.AbstractThis article examines the conditions of production of historical knowledge taken place during the first half of the twentieth century in Paraguay, to identify the structural factors that slowed down the process of formation of its historiographic field. The purpose is to discuss the reasons why there were not adequate synergies between endogenous dynamics and exogenous spurs in Paraguay case. This brought a pattern in the discipline which was different from the rest of States of the River Plate region.Key WordsParaguay, history of historiography, nationalism, historiographic field.

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Avigliano, Esteban, Guy Comte, Juan José Rosso, Ezequiel Mabragaña, Paola Della Rosa, Sebastian Sanchez, Alejandra Volpedo, Franco Del Rosso, and Nahuel Federico Schenone. "Identification of fish stocks of river crocker (Plagioscion ternetzi) in Paraná and Paraguay rivers by using otolith morphometric analysis." Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research 43, no. 4 (February 28, 2017): 718–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3856/vol43-issue4-fulltext-10.

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The identification of fish stocks in basic requirement for fishing management. The objective of this research was to describe for the first time otoliths river crocker (Plagioscion ternetzi) and to evaluate the existence of different fish stocks in the Paraguay River lower basin and the middle Paraná River (northeast Argentinean region and southeast Paraguayan region). For this purpose, five morphometric indexes applied on sagitta otolith (rectangularity, circularity AO/SO, SS/SO and PS/PO) were compared between the study sites. The sagittae otoliths are semicircular and with smooth edges. Sulcus acusticusis is heterosulcoid and curved, with an ostium open widely in the anterior margin of the otolith. Significant differences were observed for circularity, rectangularity, SS/SO and PS/PO (t-test, P < 0.05). The T2 Hotteling multiparametric analysis showed significant differences between the study sites (P < 0.006), while the canonical discriminant showed a high classification percentage of the individuals (>69%). The results indicates that the stocks populations would be partially separated, with a considerable flow of individuals between these rivers.

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Lopes, Douglas Alves, Thiago T. M. Taveira, Francisco Severo-Neto, and Fernando R. Carvalho. "First record of Jupiaba acanthogaster (Eigenmann, 1911) (Ostariophysi, Characidae) in the upper Paraná river basin, Brazil." Check List 16, no. 4 (July 17, 2020): 889–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/16.4.889.

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Jupiaba Zanata, 1997 is a genus with small species within Characidae, identified by a pair of modified bones in the form of spines just anteriorly to pelvic-fin base. The genus is mostly distributed throughout the Amazon drainage, except J. acanthogaster (Eigenmann, 1911), which also occurs in the Paraguay river basin. In this work, we recorded for the first time J. acanthogaster in the Sucuriú River drainage, upper Paraná river basin, Brazil. Its occurrence may be a consequence of the historical hydrological interaction between the Paraná and Paraguay river basins.

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Pun, Santa Bahadur. "Paraguay, Bhutan and Nepal: Landlocked but Hydropower Rich Cases of the Lame duck, Flying Goose and Sitting Duck!" Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment 3 (May 24, 2009): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v3i0.1895.

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Paraguay has 5.6 million people, Bhutan has 0.6 million and Nepal has 27 million, all small land locked countries with rich hydropower potential. The 12,600 MW Itaipu Project commissioned on Paraguay-Brazil border river, Parana, was the world’s largest hydropower plant until China’s Three Gorges superseded it in 2007. Paraguay’s share, half of Itaipu’s generation, is on average of about 44,000 million units annually with over 90% sold to Brazil. Nepal’s projected average annual generation from three major multipurpose projects, at Sapta Koshi, Karnali Chisapani and Pancheshwar’s 50%, totals about the same. Despite two decades of such large volume of power export, however, Paraguay remains the second poorest country in South America. Nepal, with a tiny 550 MW of hydropower capacity, is undergoing bouts of load shedding and is mired in controversies. Bhutan, with a mere export of about 1,300 MW, comprising 60% of the national revenue, has therefore been strongly recommended as the model for Nepal to replicate. If India is to maintain her 9% GDP growth rate then she will require 785,000 MW (6 times the present installed capacity) of power by 2026/27. Along with this demand for power, she will also need huge quantities of additional freshwater. While there are options for power, there are none for water. All large or small storage projects in Nepal augment water to the rivers flowing down to India. So far India’s policy has been to obtain this augmented water through Nepal’s default. Nepal needs to seriously consider why Paraguay, despite its huge export, is a lame duck while Bhutan with a tiny export is a flying goose!Key words: Power export, Karnali Chisapani, Pancheshwar, Sapta Koshi, Nepal-India Water Resources negotiations,Nepal’s default, Paraguay, Bhutandoi: 10.3126/hn.v3i0.1895Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment Issue No. 3, January, 2008 Page 4-8

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Rezende Filho, A. T., S. Furian, R. L. Victoria, C. Mascré, V. Valles, and L. Barbiero. "Hydrochemical variability at the Upper Paraguay Basin and Pantanal wetland." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 8 (August 14, 2012): 2723–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-2723-2012.

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Abstract. Compartmentalization is a prerequisite to understand large wetlands that receive water from several sources. However, it faces the heterogeneity in space and time, resulting from physical, chemical and biological processes that are specific to wetlands. The Pantanal is a vast seasonally flooded continental wetland located in the centre of South America. The chemical composition of the waters that supply the Pantanal (70 rivers) has been studied in order to establish a compartmentalization of the wetland based on soil-water interactions. A PCA-based EMMA (End-Members Mixing Analysis) procedure shows that the chemistry of the rivers can be viewed as a mixture of 3 end-members, influenced by lithology and land use, and delimiting large regions. Although the chemical composition of the end-members changed between dry and wet seasons, their spatial distribution was maintained. The results were extended to the floodplain by simple tributary mixing calculation according to the hydrographical network and to the areas of influence for each river when in overflow conditions. The resulting map highlights areas of high geochemical contrast on either side of the river Cuiaba in the north, and of the rivers Aquidauana and Abobral in the south. The PCA-based treatment on a sampling conducted in the Nhecolândia, a large sub region of the Pantanal, allowed the identification and ordering of the processes that control the geochemical variability of the surface waters. Despite an enormous variability in electrical conductivity and pH, all data collected were in agreement with an evaporation process of the Taquari River water, which supplies the region. Evaporation and associated saline precipitations (Mg-calcite, Mg-silicates K-silicates) explained more than 77% of the total variability in the chemistry of the regional surface water sampling.

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Rezende Filho, A. T., S. Furian, R. L. Victoria, C. Mascré, V. Valles, and L. Barbiero. "Hydrochemical variability at the Upper Paraguay Basin and Pantanal wetland." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 9, no. 3 (March 12, 2012): 3129–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-9-3129-2012.

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Abstract. Compartmentalization is a prerequisite to understand large wetlands that receive water from several sources. However, it faces the heterogeneity in space and time, resulting from physical, chemical and biological processes that are specific to wetlands. The Pantanal is a vast seasonally flooded continental wetland located in the centre of South America. The chemical makeup of the waters that supply the Pantanal (70 rivers) has been studied in order to establish a compartmentalization of the wetland based on soil-water interactions. A PCA-based EMMA (End-Members Mixing Analysis) procedure shows that the chemistry of the rivers can be regarded as a mixture of 3 end-members, influenced by lithology and land use, and delimiting large regions. Although the chemical composition of the end-members changed between dry and wet seasons, their spatial distribution was maintained. The results were extended to the floodplain by simple tributary mixing calculation according to the hydrographical network and to the areas of influence for each river when in overflow conditions. The resulting document highlights areas of high geochemical contrast on either side of the river Cuiaba in the north, and of the rivers Aquidauana and Abobral located in the south. The PCA-based treatment on a sampling conducted in the Nhecolândia, a large sub region of the Pantanal floodplain, allowed for the identification and prioritization of the processes that control the geochemical variability of the surface waters. Despite an enormous variability in Electrical Conductivity and pH, all data collected were in agreement with an evaporation process of the Taquari River water, which supplies the region. Evaporation and associated saline precipitations (Mg-calcite, Mg-silicates K-silicates) explained more than 77% of the total variability in the chemistry of the regional surface water sampling.

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Brown, Kathleen, and Jerry W. Cooney. "RIVER BOATS ON THECARRERA DEL PARAGUAY, 1776–1810." Mariner's Mirror 78, no. 1 (January 1992): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00253359.1992.10656382.

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Gonçalves, HC, MA Mercante, and ET Santos. "Hydrological cycle." Brazilian Journal of Biology 71, no. 1 suppl 1 (April 2011): 241–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842011000200003.

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The Pantanal hydrological cycle holds an important meaning in the Alto Paraguay Basin, comprising two areas with considerably diverse conditions regarding natural and water resources: the Plateau and the Plains. From the perspective of the ecosystem function, the hydrological flow in the relationship between plateau and plains is important for the creation of reproductive and feeding niches for the regional biodiversity. In general, river declivity in the plateau is 0.6 m/km while declivity on the plains varies from 0.1 to 0.3 m/km. The environment in the plains is characteristically seasonal and is home to an exuberant and abundant diversity of species, including some animals threatened with extinction. When the flat surface meets the plains there is a diminished water flow on the riverbeds and, during the rainy season the rivers overflow their banks, flooding the lowlands. Average annual precipitation in the Basin is 1,396 mm, ranging from 800 mm to 1,600 mm, and the heaviest rainfall occurs in the plateau region. The low drainage capacity of the rivers and lakes that shape the Pantanal, coupled with the climate in the region, produce very high evaporation: approximately 60% of all the waters coming from the plateau are lost through evaporation. The Alto Paraguay Basin, including the Pantanal, while boasting an abundant availability of water resources, also has some spots with water scarcity in some sub-basins, at different times of the year. Climate conditions alone are not enough to explain the differences observed in the Paraguay River regime and some of its tributaries. The complexity of the hydrologic regime of the Paraguay River is due to the low declivity of the lands that comprise the Mato Grosso plains and plateau (50 to 30 cm/km from east to west and 3 to 1.5 cm/km from north to south) as well as the area's dimension, which remains periodically flooded with a large volume of water.

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Olivera-Hyde, Miluska, Eric Hallerman, Rogério Santos, Jess Jones, Brianne Varnerin, Guilherme da Cruz Santos Neto, Maria Cristina Mansur, Priscilla Moraleco, and Claudia Callil. "Phylogenetic Assessment of Freshwater Mussels Castalia ambigua and C. inflata at an Ecotone in the Paraguay River Basin, Brazil Shows That Inflated and Compressed Shell Morphotypes Are the Same Species." Diversity 12, no. 12 (December 16, 2020): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12120481.

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The phylogeny and taxonomy of freshwater mussels of the genus Castalia in South America is complicated by issues of morphological plasticity and limited molecular genetic data. We present field data on the distributions of the nominal Castalia ambigua and C. inflata in the upper Paraguay River basin in Brazil based on original occurrence data at 23 sample sites and on historical records. The upper basin has distinct highland and lowland regions, the latter including the Pantanal wetland, where “C. ambigua” occurs in the highlands and “C. inflata” occurs in both regions. At Baixo Stream in the highlands, we observed individuals with shell morphologies of either C. ambigua or C. inflata, and also individuals with intermediate shell morphology. DNA sequence variation in the upland Baixo Stream and two representative lowland populations were screened. Two mitochondrial and three nuclear genes were sequenced to test hypotheses regarding the number of species-level phylogenetic lineages present. Reported individual DNA sequences from Amazon-basin C. ambigua and other Castalia and outgroup species were included in the analysis as outgroups. Individuals from the Paraguay River basin exhibited 17 haplotypes at the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene and nine at mitochondrial 16S rRNA. Analysis of haplotype networks and phylogenetic trees of combined COI + 16S rRNA sequences among individuals with the respective shell morphologies supported the hypothesis that C. ambigua and C. inflata from the Paraguay River basin belong to the same species and one phylogenetic lineage. No variation was observed at the nuclear 18S rRNA internal transcribed spacer, 28S rRNA, or H3NR histone genes among individuals used in this study. Across all markers, less variation was observed among Paraguay basin populations than between Paraguay and Amazon basin populations. Our results collectively suggest that: (1) “C. ambigua”, “C. inflata”, and morphologically intermediate individuals within the upper Paraguay drainage represent one phylogenetic lineage, (2) a phylogeographic divide exists between Castalia populations occurring in the Paraguay and Amazon River basins, and (3) the evolutionary and taxonomic uncertainties that we have identified among Castalia species should be thoroughly assessed across their distribution using both morphological and molecular characters.

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Rodríguez, Oscar, Leandro Castillo, Paul Smith, and Hugo Del Castillo. "Status and distribution of Paraguayan macaws (Aves: Psittacidae) with a new country record." Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 59 (November 5, 2019): e20195960. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2019.59.60.

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Eight species of macaw (Psittacidae: Anodorhynchus, Ara, Primolius) have previously been reported from Paraguay. We discuss all verifiable reports of the species from Paraguay and provide comment on their statuses. Ara chloropterus and Primolius auricollis are both widespread species known from multiple reports across a wide geographic area. We report minor range extensions within Paraguay for both species. Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus is documented as a breeding resident with a restricted distribution in the Upper Paraguay River basin. The first modern records of Ara ararauna and the first record of Diopsittaca nobilis for the country are documented with photographs. We are unable to find any confirmed records of Anodorhynchus glaucus from Paraguay and thus consider it of possible occurrence. Two species are rejected as erroneously cited, Ara militaris and Ara glaucogularis. Consequently six species in four genera are now confirmed to occur in Paraguay.

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Coscarelli, Daniel, and Teofânia H. D. A. Vidigal. "Mollusca, Gastropoda, Succineidae, Omalonyx unguis (d’Orbigny, 1835): distribution extension and new records for Brazil." Check List 7, no. 4 (June 1, 2011): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/7.4.400.

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Omalonyx unguis was previously known to occur in Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay. We report the first conclusive record of occurrence of this species in Brazil, based on specimens collected in three localities in the Paraguay River sub-basin (Mato Grosso do Sul state – Campo Grande and Miranda; Mato Grosso state – Poconé), and in the Brazilian margin of the Paraná River (Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná State). The species was identified by comparative morphology of the reproductive system, and a map that synthesizes the literature and reports new records is presented.

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Blettler, Martín C. M., Mario L. Amsler, Inés Ezcurra De Drago, Edmundo C. Drago, Aldo R. Paira, and Luis A. Espinola. "Hydrodynamic and morphologic effects on the benthic invertebrate ecology along a meander bend of a large river (Paraguay River, Argentina–Paraguay)." Ecological Engineering 44 (July 2012): 233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2012.04.023.

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Ferreira, Fabiane Silva, Wagner Vicentin, and Yzel Rondon Súarez. "Astyanax lineatus (Perugia, 1891) (Characiformes: Characidae): first record in the upper Paraná river basin, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil." Check List 13, no. 2 (April 17, 2017): 2094. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/13.2.2094.

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Astyanax lineatus was previously known only from the Paraguay river basin and we report the first record from the Paraná river basin near the municipality of Sidrolândia, Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil. The species was found in Lajeado Stream, a tributary of the Anhanduí River, which belongs to the Pardo River sub-basin of the Paraná river basin.

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Oliveira, Valdeci Antonio de, Lucia Aparecida Mateus, Simoni Loverde-Oliveira, and William Pietro-Souza. "Fish from urban tributaries to the Vermelho River, upper Paraguay River Basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil." Check List 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 1516. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/11.1.1516.

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The fish fauna of urban streams is still poorly known, it difficult to assess the effects of urbanization expansion on fish species composition, for this reason the aim of this study was to provide a checklist of species that compose the ichthyofauna of six urban streams, tributaries to the Vermelho River, upper Paraguay River Basin, Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. The samples were performed with seine nets on a spatial gradient of 75 m, and with sieves for a period of 15 minutes in each site. A total of 56 species belonging to five orders, Characiformes, Siluriformes, Gymnotiformes, Cyprinodontiformes, and Perciformes, 21 families and 44 genera were sampled. The most common species were Astyanax asuncionensis Géry, 1972, Astyanax abramis (Jenyns, 1842), Odontostilbe pequira (Steindachner, 1882), Odontostilbe paraguayensis Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903, Characidium zebra Eigenmann, 1909 and Hypostomus sp. This checklist brings additional knowledge on fish that inhabit tributaries to the major rivers of northern Pantanal.

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Liu, W. T., and F. M. Ayres. "Upper Paraguay River inundation prediction using rainfall and NDVI." International Journal of Remote Sensing 26, no. 20 (October 20, 2005): 4455–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431160500033773.

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De Castro, Reinaldo José, and Patrícia Cristina Vizzotto. "Fishes of the Vermelho River, São Lourenço River basin, Mato Grosso state, Brazil." Check List 9, no. 1 (February 1, 2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/9.1.1.

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We present a list of ichthyofauna of the Vermelho River, a tributary of the São Lourenço River, Paraguay basin. Fishes were caught with seine nets measuring approximately 10 m in total length and with a mesh size of 0.5 cm. We list 38 species, representing five orders, 11 families, eight sub-families and 28 genera. Characiformes were represented by 23 species, Siluriformes by 11, Perciformes by two, and Gymnotiformes and Pleuronectiformes by a single species each.

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Menezes Junior, Mauri Queiroz de, Ernandes Sobreira Oliveira Junior, and Célia Alves de Souza. "The ‘decoada’ phenomenon effect on the Paraguay river water quality, Northern Pantanal." Revista Ibero-Americana de Ciências Ambientais 11, no. 5 (June 5, 2020): 612–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.6008/cbpc2179-6858.2020.005.0055.

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In the Pantanal, during the beginning of the flooding hydrological phase occurs a natural phenomenon called 'decoada'. Characterized by the water quality alteration of the rivers, in floodplain areas and marginal lagoons, with the possibility of significant fish mortality, depending on the changes’ magnitude. For this purpose, throughout a hydrological cycle (July 2018 to June 2019), precipitation, bathymetry and water quality were monitored monthly, in 6 sampling points, to determine, the moment, duration and intensity of the decoada, and its effects on water quality in the Paraguay River, northern Pantanal, near the municipality of Cáceres/MT. The dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration was used as an indicator, in which DO < 3.0 mg/L, during the flood season, was considered indicative of the potential event occurrence. According to the records, there were different hydrological periods, where the flooding and high waters presented DO values lower than in the dry and ebb phases, with a drastic change from October 2018 (DO = 6.37 ± 0.17 mg/L) to November 2018 (DO = 2.78 ± 0.05 mg/L), registering, therefore, in all points, low-intensity decoada. The DO values remained below 5 mg/L, the maximum limit allowed by CONAMA Resolution 357/2005 for class II rivers. From November 2018 to April 2019 in all sampling points, the minimum value was recorded in March 2019 in the bay, with DO = 1.84 mg/L, considered a medium level decoada. The principal component analysis (PCA), proved the results difference of decoada found in the river and the bay, presented with greater intensity and duration in the bay. The parameters that influenced the decoada, according to the PCA, were pH, temperature, precipitation, turbidity and DO.

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RIBEIRO, WAGNER COSTA. "SHARED USE OF TRANSBOUNDARY WATER RESOURCES IN LA PLATA RIVER BASIN: UTOPIA OR REALITY?" Ambiente & Sociedade 20, no. 3 (September 2017): 257–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422asocex0005v2032017.

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Abstract The shared use of transboundary water resources has the potential to be a utopia for the use of cross-border natural resources. However, this type of approach between countries is not common. In the La Plata River Basin, recent tensions between Brazil and Paraguay associated with the use of water resources for electricity generation highlight the challenges of international cooperation. This text discusses the proposed revision of the Itaipu agreement put forward by Paraguay in 2008. This revision resulted in an increase in the price of surplus electricity received by Paraguay from Itaipu Binacional. The tensions between the these countries were caused by the use of water, which in this case is abundant; unlike other situations in which conflict can often arise due to water scarcity. This case is also notable because it involves the use of water for electricity generation rather than human consumption.

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Pessotto, M. A., and M. G. Nogueira. "More than two decades after the introduction of Limnoperna fortunei (Dunker 1857) in La Plata Basin." Brazilian Journal of Biology 78, no. 4 (January 15, 2018): 773–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.180789.

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Abstract The golden mussel, Limnoperna fortunei, is an Asian freshwater bivalve introduced in South America in the beginning of the 1990’s, probably through ballast water releases in La Plata River estuary. It dispersed north through Paraná, Uruguay and Paraguay Rivers. The study evaluated the macroscale (18° to 34° S; 45° to 60° W) distribution of L. fortunei (larval stages) in the main rivers and reservoirs of La Plata Basin. Samplings were performed through 68 µm vertical plankton net hauls. Limnological variables were simultaneously determined. Larvae abundance correlated significantly with oxygen (positively) in summer, with temperature (positively) in winter and with total phosphorus and total nitrogen (both negatively) in winter. We expected densities to decrease towards north (latitudinal gradient) and increase in lentic conditions (reservoirs). Despite maximum density was found near the introduction point (La Plata River) similar value was also observed 2,000 km north (Paraguay River). The first hypothesis was refuted. The second hypothesis was partially accepted. Abundances were consistently higher in summer. Higher trophic conditions and fast flow seem to inhibit population growth. Food resources (chlorophyll a) locally influenced temporal variation. Limnoperna fortunei is widely distributed in La Plata basin, reaching high larval densities superior to 10,000 ind. m-3, in all major sub-basins. The species exhibits a high intrinsic dispersal ability (free planktonic larvae), wide tolerance to environmental factors and dispersion is potentialized by natural dispersion processes (e.g. fauna displacement) and human facilitation (e.g. commercial navigation).

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Löhr, B., A. M. Varela, and B. Santos. "Exploration for natural enemies of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae), in South America for the biological control of this introduced pest in Africa." Bulletin of Entomological Research 80, no. 4 (December 1990): 417–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300050677.

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AbstractAreas in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay were searched for the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero. The mealybug was located in the Paraguay River basin in the Santa Cruz de la Sierra area of eastern Bolivia, the Mato Grosso do Sul state in South-Western Brazil and in Paraguay east of the Paraguay River. Mealybug populations were extremely low in all areas but there was a period of increase from August to December. Eighteen species of natural enemies were found attacking P. manihoti: the most abundant and also most important were a solitary, internal parasitoid, Epidinocarsis lopezi (DeSantis) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), Hyperaspis notata Mulsant and Diomus spp. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), and Ocyptamus spp. (Diptera: Syrphidae). Collections of a closely related mealybug, Phenacoccus herreni Cox & Williams yielded two additional encyrtid parasitoids, Epidinocarsis diversicornis (Howard) and Aenasius sp. nr vexans Kerrich, but they did not survive on P. manihoti. Four parasitoids (E. lopezi, E. diversicornis, Parapyrus manihoti Noyes and Allotropa sp.) and four predators (H. notata, Diomus sp., Sympherobius maculipennis Kimmins, and Exochomus sp.) were sent for quarantine. With the exception of Parapyrus manihoti, all mentioned natural enemy species were forwarded to the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture at Ibadan, Nigeria for mass rearing and subsequent release.

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De Souza, Almerinda Auxiliadora, and Flávio Bezerra Barros. "O SIGNIFICADO DO LUGAR E A VISIBILIDADE DOS DILEMAS SOCIOAMBIENTAIS VIVENCIADOS PELOS MORADORES DO BAIRRO JARDIM OLIVEIRA, CÁCERES, MATO GROSSO." InterEspaço: Revista de Geografia e Interdisciplinaridade 4, no. 15 (January 2, 2019): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2446-6549.v4n15p303-323.

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THE MEANING OF THE PLACE AND THE VISIBILITY OF THE SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL DILEMMAS LIVED BY THE PEOPLE OF THE JARDIM OLIVEIRA DISTRICT, CÁCERES, STATE OF MATO GROSSOEL SIGNIFICADO DEL LUGAR Y LA VISIBILIDAD DE LOS DILEMAS SOCIOAMBIENTALES VIVENCIADOS POR LOS MORADORES DEL BAIRRO JARDÍN OLIVEIRA, CÁCERES, MATO GROSSORESUMOEste estudo foi realizado no bairro Jardim Oliveira, situado na cidade de Cáceres/MT, à margem esquerda do rio Paraguai. O objetivo consistiu em entender a relação dos moradores com o lugar. A pesquisa foi de natureza exploratória e descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa. Para o levantamento de dados nos pautamos em observação, entrevista semiestruturada e registros fotográficos. Os resultados revelaram que o Jardim Oliveira é percebido pela experiência dos moradores, que mesmo com as limitações, conhecem, dão sentidos e significados ao lugar. Verificou-se a topofilia associada ao sentimento pelo lugar, o que poderia ser contraditório, visto que os mesmos interlocutores relataram que já vivenciaram e/ou presenciaram casos de violência no bairro. O rio Paraguai aparece como centralidade nas relações dos moradores com o lugar. É visível a ausência de infraestrutura básica no bairro, o que interfere de forma direta na vida dos moradores, levando-os a vivenciarem os dilemas socioambientais.Palavras-chave: Questões Socioambientais; Lugar; Rio Paraguai; Mato Grosso.ABSTRACTThis study was carried out in the Jardim Oliveira district, located in the municipality of Cáceres, State of Mato Grosso, on the left bank of the Paraguai River. The objective was to understand the relationship of the residents with the place. The research was exploratory and descriptive, with a qualitative approach. For the survey of data we are in observation, semi-structured interview and photographic records. The results revealed that Jardim Oliveira is perceived by the residents experience, that even with the limitations, they know, give meanings and meanings to the place. Topophilia was associated with feeling for the place, which could be contradictory, since the same interlocutors reported that they had experienced and / or witnessed cases of violence in the neighborhood. The Paraguai River appears as centrality in the relations of the residents with the place. The lack of basic infrastructure in the neighborhood is visible, which directly interferes with the lives of the residents, leading them to experience the socio-environmental dilemmas.Keywords: Socio-environmental Themes; Place; Paraguai River; State of Mato Grosso.RESUMENEste estudio fue realizado en el barrio Jardim Oliveira, situado en la ciudad de Cáceres / MT, a la margen izquierda del río Paraguay. El objetivo consistió en entender la relación de los habitantes con el lugar. La investigación fue de naturaleza exploratoria y descriptiva, con abordaje cualitativo. Para el levantamiento de datos nos fijamos en observación, entrevista semiestructurada y registros fotográficos. Los resultados revelaron que el Jardín Oliveira es percibido por la experiencia de los habitantes, que incluso con las limitaciones, conocen, dan sentidos y significados al lugar. Se verificó la topofilia asociada al sentimiento por el lugar, lo que podría ser contradictorio, ya que los mismos interlocutores relataron que ya vivenciaron y / o presenciaron casos de violencia en el barrio. El río Paraguay aparece como centralidad en las relaciones de los habitantes con el lugar. Es visible la ausencia de infraestructura básica en el barrio, lo que interfiere de forma directa en la vida de los habitantes, llevándolos a vivir los dilemas socioambientales.Palabras clave: Cuestiones Socioambientales; Lugar; Río Paraguay; Mato Grosso.

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Bravo, J. M., D. Allasia, A. R. Paz, W. Collischonn, and C. E. M. Tucci. "Coupled Hydrologic-Hydraulic Modeling of the Upper Paraguay River Basin." Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 17, no. 5 (May 2012): 635–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)he.1943-5584.0000494.

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Assine, Mario Luis, Eder Renato Merino, Fabiano do Nascimento Pupim, Hudson de Azevedo Macedo, and Mauricio Guerreiro Martinho dos Santos. "The Quaternary alluvial systems tract of the Pantanal Basin, Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Geology 45, no. 3 (September 2015): 475–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-4889201520150014.

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ABSTRACT The Pantanal Basin is an active sedimentary basin in central-west Brazil that consists of a complex alluvial systems tract characterized by the interaction between different river systems developed in one of the largest wetlands in the world. The Paraguay River is the trunk river system that drains the water and part of the sediment load received from areas outside of the basin. Depositional styles vary considerably along the river profiles throughout the basin, with the development of entrenched meandering belts, anastomosing reaches, and floodplain ponds. Paleodrainage patterns are preserved on the surface of abandoned lobes of fluvial fans, which also exhibit many degradational channels. Here, we propose a novel classification scheme according to which the geomorphology, hydrological regime and sedimentary dynamics of these fluvial systems are determined by the geology and geomorphology of the source areas. In this way, the following systems are recognized and described: (I) the Paraguay trunk-river plains; (II) fluvial fans sourced by the tablelands catchment area; (III) fluvial fans sourced by lowlands; and (IV) fluvial interfans. We highlight the importance of considering the influences of source areas when interpreting contrasting styles of fluvial architectures in the rock record.

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Severo-Neto, Francisco, Priscilla Soares Dos Santos, Eurico A. Sczeny-Moraes, and Fernando Paiva. "Ancistrus cuiabae Knaack, 1999 (Siluriformes: Loricariidae: Ancistrinae): first record for the Southern Pantanal." Check List 10, no. 2 (May 1, 2014): 380. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/10.2.380.

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Ancistrus cuiabae, an easily identified species of armored catfish from the Upper Paraguay River basin has recently been described from the Cuiabá River basin. Its distribution was previously restricted to the state of Mato Grosso. However, here we report the southernmost record of this species, the first within the Mato Grosso do Sul State.

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COSTA, WILSON J. E. M. "The Neotropical annual killifish genus Pterolebias Garman (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae): phylogenetic relationships, descriptive morphology, and taxonomic revision." Zootaxa 1067, no. 1 (October 21, 2005): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1067.1.1.

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Pterolebias is revised on the basis of osteology, external morphology, latero-sensory system, and color patterns. Two species are recognized as valid: P. longipinnis, from the eastern and southern Amazon River basin and the ParanáParaguay River system, in Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and Argentina; and P. phasianus, from the Paraguay River basin, in Brazil and Bolivia. Pterolebias bokermanni and P. luelingi are considered synonyms of P. longipinnis. Monophyly of Pterolebias is corroborated by the morphology of the angulo-articular, second pharyngobranchial, maxilla, metapterygoid, quadrate, basihyal, and two derived color patterns. In contrast to molecular studies, monophyly of an assemblage including Pterolebias and Gnatholebias is herein strongly supported by reduction of the interarcual cartilage, morphology of the anterior proximal radials of the anal fin and pelvic girdle, presence of scale rows on the anal-fin base, derived jaw dentition, numerous pelvic-fin rays, and long pelvic fins. A recent proposal to unite Pterolebias and Gnatholebias in a single genus is rejected.

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Lanés, Luis Esteban Krause, Leonardo Maltchik, and Carlos Alberto S. de Lucena. "Pisces, Perciformes, Cichlidae, Laetacara dorsigera (Heckel, 1840): distribution extension and first record for Uruguay River basin, and state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil." Check List 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2010): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/6.1.116.

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The present study records for the first time the small cichlidae fish Laetacara dorsigera (Heckel, 1840) at Uruguay River basin and state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, previously known from Amazon, Paraná and Paraguay River basins. Although the ichthyofauna of Uruguay River basin is relatively well known, this record suggests that there are still unexplored environments, such as wetlands, where there may be species not yet reported, and found in other hydrographic systems.

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de la Sancha, Noé U., Gustavo S. Libardi, and Ulyses F. J. Pardiñas. "Discovery of a new genus record for Paraguay, the Atlantic Forest endemic rodent Abrawayaomys (Cricetidae, Sigmodontinae)." Mammalia 84, no. 4 (March 26, 2020): 366–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2019-0093.

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AbstractThe mammals of Paraguay are still poorly known. We report a new genus for the country, Abrawayaomys, a spiny cricetid rodent endemic for the Interior Atlantic Forest. This record extends the distribution of the genus approximately 100 km, and west of the Paraná River. This addition increases the number of mammals in Paraguay to 184 and verifies that rodents are the most diverse group of mammals in the country. We outline identifying morphological characters of Abrawayaomys and elaborate on the significance of this finding for conservation and biogeography in the region.

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Polaz, Carla Natacha Marcolino, Bruno F. Melo, Ricardo Britzke, Emiko Kawakami de Resende, Francisco De Arruda Machado, José Augusto Ferraz de Lima, and Miguel Petrere Jr. "Fishes from the Parque Nacional do Pantanal Matogrossense, upper Paraguai River basin, Brazil." Check List 10, no. 1 (February 1, 2014): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/10.1.122.

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The Pantanal Biosphere Reserve contains one of the highest concentration of animal species in the Neotropics, including about 300 fish species living in diverse environments associated with wetlands in the upper Paraguai River basin. This biome spans portions of Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay and includes the Parque Nacional do Pantanal Matogrossense (PNPM), a region of the Pantanal which has been assigned as high conservation priority in Brazil. This study reports the results of an ichthyological survey within the PNPM, where samples were taken at 12 sites during the dry season in 2001, 2010 and 2011. We record 182 species representing three classes, 10 orders and 41 fish families. We report the first occurrence of the genus Anchoviella (order Clupeiformes), in the La Plata basin. This survey will provide information for future studies concerning conservation and management plans for the PNPM as well as for the Pantanal, which is one of the largest permanent wetland areas in the world and among the most unique and important South American biomes.

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Doss-Gollin, James, Ángel G. Muñoz, Simon J. Mason, and Max Pastén. "Heavy Rainfall in Paraguay during the 2015/16 Austral Summer: Causes and Subseasonal-to-Seasonal Predictive Skill." Journal of Climate 31, no. 17 (September 2018): 6669–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0805.1.

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During the austral summer 2015/16, severe flooding displaced over 170 000 people on the Paraguay River system in Paraguay, Argentina, and southern Brazil. These floods were driven by repeated heavy rainfall events in the lower Paraguay River basin. Alternating sequences of enhanced moisture inflow from the South American low-level jet and local convergence associated with baroclinic systems were conducive to mesoscale convective activity and enhanced precipitation. These circulation patterns were favored by cross-time-scale interactions of a very strong El Niño event, an unusually persistent Madden–Julian oscillation in phases 4 and 5, and the presence of a dipole SST anomaly in the central southern Atlantic Ocean. The simultaneous use of seasonal and subseasonal heavy rainfall predictions could have provided decision-makers with useful information about the start of these flooding events from two to four weeks in advance. Probabilistic seasonal forecasts available at the beginning of November successfully indicated heightened probability of heavy rainfall (90th percentile) over southern Paraguay and Brazil for December–February. Raw subseasonal forecasts of heavy rainfall exhibited limited skill at lead times beyond the first two predicted weeks, but a model output statistics approach involving principal component regression substantially improved the spatial distribution of skill for week 3 relative to other methods tested, including extended logistic regressions. A continuous monitoring of climate drivers impacting rainfall in the region, and the use of statistically corrected heavy precipitation seasonal and subseasonal forecasts, may help improve flood preparedness in this and other regions.

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Richter, Larissa, Amauris Hechavarría Hernández, Gustavo S. Pessôa, Marco Aurelio Zezzi Arruda, Ary T. Rezende-Filho, Rafael Bartimann de Almeida, Hebert A. Menezes, Vincent Valles, Laurent Barbiero, and Anne Hélène Fostier. "Dissolved arsenic in the upper Paraguay River basin and Pantanal wetlands." Science of The Total Environment 687 (October 2019): 917–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.147.

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Facetti, J., V. M. Dekov, and R. Van Grieken. "Heavy metals in sediments from the Paraguay River: a preliminary study." Science of The Total Environment 209, no. 1 (January 8, 1998): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0048-9697(97)00299-4.

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Martins-Oliveira, A. T., L. E. S. Stefanello, T. M. Santos, V. R. Pinto, C. A. Souza, and J. B. Sousa. "Morphological, physical and chemical attributes of the soil profile to the right margin of the Paraguay river, Baia da Campina, Cáceres (MT)." Scientific Electronic Archives 13, no. 10 (September 30, 2020): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.36560/131020201076.

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The fluvial dynamics corresponds to the natural changes of river channels that can influence the water energy, type and morphology of the gutter, geological structure and soil types. In this context, the type of soil present on the banks of the rivers stands out, which due to their morphological, physical and chemical characteristics, will offer greater or less resistance to marginal erosive processes. Whit this study, we aim to verify the contribution of soil morphological, physical and chemical attributes in the natural dynamics of the right bank of the Paraguay River. The studied area is located in the Pantanal Matogrossense, sub-region of Cáceres, and comprises the right bank of the Paraguay River, in the region of Baia da Campina, approximately 10 km away from the municipality of Cáceres, Mato Grosso, Brazil. We carry out morphological, granulometric and chemical description of the soil. The data were tabulated in a spreadsheet, being subsequently analyzed and discussed. The vegetation occurring in the study area is of the seasonal / cerrado and alluvial forests type, with the presence of low and semi-shrub vegetation. We classified the soil profile in the section studied as Fluvic Tb Endoeutrophic Neosol, presenting medium texture and, in general, high levels of sand and low levels of clay. The values referring to the effective cation exchange capacity (CTC) obtained in this study, were classified from low to very good, a characteristic that allows the existence of low and semi-shrubby vegetation, which contributes to the resistance to erosive processes, even that the soil has a low presenting resistance physical structure.

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Pastore, Mario. "State-led Industrialisation: The Evidence on Paraguay, 1852–1870." Journal of Latin American Studies 26, no. 2 (May 1994): 295–324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x00016230.

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In the last three decades, the economic history of Paraguay has been subject to an intense reexamination. It has been claimed that the state in Paraguay led a ‘spectacular industrialisation effort’ in the second half of the nineteenth century and that this effort was prematurely truncated by war. One author, for example, has stated thatFrom 1852 on, free circulation on the river Paraná permitted a rapid increase of exports, mostly under state control. The resources thus freed were devoted to the development of the modern manufacture of industrial goods and plant: iron and steel, engineering, shipbuilding, brickmaking, etc. A railway and a telegraph were installed without incurring an external debt. The experiment was nevertheless spoiled by the war with the ‘Triple Alliance’ (1864–1870), which opposed Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay to Paraguay, and resulted in the demographic and economic collapse of the country.

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Baer, Werner, and Luis Breuer. "From Inward- to Outward- Oriented Growth: Paraguay in the 1980s." Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 28, no. 3 (1986): 125–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/165710.

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Since the 1950s, the development strategy of Paraguay has relied on export-led growth. To accomplish this the government placed great emphasis on price and exchange rate stability, first achieved in the late 1950s. Counting on limited resources, the country attempted to attract foreign investment while its own investment programs were directed primarily toward increasing domestic infrastructure, with road construction as a top priority. The latter opened up the eastern frontier region and provided an alternative outlet to the sea via the Brazilian highway system. Historically, Paraguay has counted on the Paraná River and on Argentinian ports for its access to the Atlantic.

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Vizzotto, Patrícia Cristina, and Reinaldo José de Castro. "Ichthyofauna of tributaries of the Vermelho River, upper Paraguay River basin, region of Rondonópolis, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil." Check List 11, no. 5 (September 24, 2015): 1750. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/11.5.1750.

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With the aim of finding information on the composition of the ichthyofauna of streams belonging to the Upper Paraguay River basin, in the municipality of Rondonópolis, state of Mato Grosso (MT), Brazil, we present a list of species captured at eight localities from October 2010 to April 2012. Fish were captured with sieves for approximately one hour at each site and date. We list 39 species from four orders, 15 families and 32 genera. Characiformes was represented by 19 species, Siluriformes by 15 species, Gymnotiformes by three species and Perciformes by two species.

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Mateussi, Nadayca T. B., Bruno F. Melo, Fausto Foresti, and Claudio Oliveira. "Molecular Data Reveal Multiple Lineages in Piranhas of the Genus Pygocentrus (Teleostei, Characiformes)." Genes 10, no. 5 (May 15, 2019): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10050371.

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Carnivorous piranhas are distributed in four serrasalmid genera including Pygocentrus, which inhabit major river basins of South America. While P. cariba and P. piraya are endemics of the Orinoco and São Francisco basins, respectively, P. nattereri is widely distributed across the Amazonas, Essequibo, lower Paraná, Paraguay, and coastal rivers of northeastern Brazil, with recent records of introductions in Asia. Few studies have focused on the genetic diversity and systematics of Pygocentrus and the putative presence of additional species within P. nattereri has never been the subject of a detailed molecular study. Here we aimed to delimit species of Pygocentrus, test the phylogeographic structure of P. nattereri, and access the origin of introduced specimens of P. nattereri in Asia. Phylogenetic analyses based on a mitochondrial dataset involving maximum-likelihood tree reconstruction, genetic distances, Bayesian analysis, three delimitation approaches, and haplotype analysis corroborate the morphological hypothesis of the occurrence of three species of Pygocentrus. However, we provide here strong evidence that P. nattereri contains at least five phylogeographically-structured lineages in the Amazonas, Guaporé (type locality), Itapecuru, Paraná/Paraguay, and Tocantins/Araguaia river basins. We finally found that the introduced specimens in Asia consistently descend from the lineage of P. nattereri from the main Rio Amazonas. These results contribute to future research aimed to detect morphological variation that may occur in those genetic lineages of Pygocentrus.

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LIMA, FLÁVIO C. T. "A revision of the cis-andean species of the genus Brycon Müller & Troschel (Characiformes: Characidae)." Zootaxa 4222, no. 1 (January 22, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4222.1.1.

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A revision of the cis-andean species of Brycon, with the exception of the Brycon pesu species-complex, is presented. Twenty-one Brycon species (including B. pesu) are recognized from cis-andean river systems: Brycon stolzmanni Steindachner, from the upper Río Marañon basin, Peru; Brycon coxeyi Fowler, from the Río Marañon basin, Ecuador and Peru; Brycon polylepis Moscó Morales, from the Lago de Maracaibo, Río Orinoco, upper rio Amazonas, and rio Tocantins basins, Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, and Brazil; Brycon coquenani Steindachner, from the upper Río Caroni, Río Orinoco basin, Venezuela; Brycon insignis Steindachner, from the rio Paraíba do Sul and small adjacent coastal river basins of eastern Brazil; Brycon vermelha Lima & Castro, endemic from the rio Mucuri basin, eastern Brazil; Brycon howesi new species, endemic from the rio Jequitinhonha basin, Brazil; Brycon dulcis new species, endemic from the rio Doce basin, eastern Brazil; Brycon ferox Steindachner, from several small coastal river systems, including the rio Mucuri basin in eastern Brazil; Brycon vonoi new species, from the rio Pardo basin and apparently also from a adjacent river system, the rio Una, in eastern Brazil; Brycon opalinus (Cuvier), from the headwaters of the rio Paraíba do Sul and rio Doce basins, eastern Brazil; Brycon nattereri Günther, from the headwaters of the upper rio Paraná, rio São Francisco, and upper rio Tocantins basins, Brazil; Brycon orthotaenia Günther, endemic from the rio São Francisco basin, Brazil; Brycon orbignyanus (Valenciennes), from the rio Paraná and rio Uruguai basins, Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, and Uruguay; Brycon hilarii (Valenciennes), from the rio Paraguai, middle rio Paraná, and upper rio Amazonas basins, Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, Peru, and Ecuador; Brycon whitei Myers & Weitzman, from the Río Orinoco basin in Colombia and Venezuela; Brycon amazonicus (Agassiz), from the Rio Amazonas and Río Orinoco basins, Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Bolivia, Venezuela, and Guyana; Brycon gouldingi Lima, endemic from the rio Tocantins basin, Brazil; Brycon melanopterus (Cope), from the western and central rio Amazonas basin, Brazil, Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia; and Brycon falcatus Müller & Troschel, widespread in the the rio Amazonas and Río Orinoco basins, and several guyanese river systems, in Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana. All species are redescribed and illustrated, and a key to the species is provided. Comments on the diagnosis of the genus Brycon, the biogeography of the cis-andean species, and their current conservation status, are presented.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Paraguay river'

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