Journal articles: 'Paralanguage'

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Khalifa, Elsadig Mohamed, and Habib Faddal. "Impacts of Using Paralanguage on Teaching and Learning English Language to Convey Effective Meaning." Studies in English Language Teaching 5, no. 2 (May 18, 2017): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/selt.v5n2p295.

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<p><em>Paralanguage is considered as an influential factor in foreign language teaching and learning that plays an essential role in language teaching and enhancing language learners’ performance. The paper states to explore the effect of using paralanguage on teaching and learning English language to EFL learners. It is going to investigate the relationship between learners’ awareness of learning concept and teachers’ paralanguage; the standardized testing relational aspect between students’ learning and teachers’ paralanguage; and the learners’ credible teaching perceptions depend on the teachers’ paralanguage. The participants in this research are teachers and students of English language in the College of Science and Arts, Almandaq Branch in Albaha University. The study has concluded that paralanguage strategies assist in communicating effective meanings. It is recommended that EFL teachers and learners should use paralanguage strategies in their teaching and learning processes to convey meaning effectively.</em></p>

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Khrolenko, Alexander T. "Paralanguage in Fiction." Russkaia rech, no. 6 (2020): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013161170012882-9.

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James, Allan. "Prosody and paralanguage in speech and the social media: The vocal and graphic realisation of affective meaning." Linguistica 57, no. 1 (December 30, 2017): 137–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.57.1.137-149.

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The study of prosody and paralanguage is in the first place concerned – unsurprisingly – with the phonetic and linguistic effects of non-segmental vocal variation expressed as values of the feature systems of pitch, volume and duration, but also of rhythm and tempo and further of voice qualities, etc. However, in more recent times the emergence of digitally mediated written communication (in the ‘new’ social media) has led attention to the role of prosody and paralanguage in defining the characteristic informal interpersonal style of this new ‘typed conversation.’ The present article reviews the formal and functional essence of prosody and paralanguage and, drawing on data from recent corpora of text messaging and microblogging, analyses the extents to which prosodic and paralinguistic features may be reflected in such discourse, in particular the ways in which affective meaning is expressed in the graphic modality of this medium.

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Lavin, Audrey A. P. "Peregrinations into the Paralanguage of España." Journal of Popular Culture 27, no. 4 (March 1994): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3840.1994.2704_117.x.

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Friend, Margaret. "Developmental changes in sensitivity to vocal paralanguage." Developmental Science 3, no. 2 (May 2000): 148–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-7687.00108.

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Kulesza, Wojciech, Paweł Muniak, Dariusz Doliński, Tomasz Grzyb, and Dariusz Jemielniak. "LOL! Can textual paralanguage be useful in marketing?" Marketing i Rynek 2022, no. 3 (March 20, 2022): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33226/1231-7853.2022.3.2.

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Lea, Martin, and Russell Spears. "Paralanguage and social perception in computer‐mediated communication." Journal of Organizational Computing 2, no. 3-4 (January 1992): 321–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10919399209540190.

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Luangrath, Andrea Webb, Joann Peck, and Victor A. Barger. "Textual paralanguage and its implications for marketing communications." Journal of Consumer Psychology 27, no. 1 (January 2017): 98–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcps.2016.05.002.

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Lin, Hongxia, Meng Zhang, and Dogan Gursoy. "Impact of nonverbal customer-to-customer interactions on customer satisfaction and loyalty intentions." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 32, no. 5 (May 6, 2020): 1967–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-08-2019-0694.

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Purpose This study aims to examine the relationship among nonverbal customer-to-customer interactions (CCIs), positive and negative emotions, customer satisfaction and loyalty intentions. Design/methodology/approach The conceptual model that was developed using the stimulus-organism-response theoretical framework was tested using a sample of 583 consumers. Findings The results show that kinesics and paralanguage positively affect customers’ positive emotions while proxemics, paralanguage and physical appearance negatively influence their negative emotions. Further, both positive and negative emotions are found to have significant impacts on customer satisfaction and loyalty intentions. Research limitations/implications Theoretically, this study not only contributes to the existing servicescape and customer experience literature but also expands nonverbal interaction research in the hospitality management field. However, results may have limited generalizability to other service settings and other cultural contexts. Originality/value This study is one of the first to investigate the impact of nonverbal CCIs on service experiences.

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Pennycook, Alastair. "Actions Speak Louder Than Words: Paralanguage, Communication, and Education." TESOL Quarterly 19, no. 2 (June 1985): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3586829.

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YOSHIMOTO, Jun, and Etsuo MIZUKAMI. "The Relationship between Autism-Spectrum Quotient and Paralanguage Sensitivity." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 77 (September 19, 2013): 1EV—056–1EV—056. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.77.0_1ev-056.

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Rahayu, Ega. "THE INVESTIGATION OF NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION TOWARDS AN AUTISM CHILD." Indonesian EFL Journal 2, no. 2 (September 12, 2017): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.25134/ieflj.v2i2.645.

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This research purposes to investigate the types of nonverbal communication used by an autism child during his activity in Pusat Layanan Autis Jati Kersa and home, and to describe the meanings of those nonverbal communication. Nonverbal communication is a communication form that delivers the message without word, written or spoken, but uses body language including facial expression, gesture, posture, eye contact, touching, clothing, space, and paralanguage. Autism is developmental disorder especially in the brain that causes autism people are difficult to communicate and interact. The research employed a qualitative method to collect and analyze the data. This research involved an autism child in low function level. The data were collected through observation and interview. The result of this research shows that an autism child uses several nonverbal communication types such as body movement; gesture, posture, eye contact, and facial expression; paralanguage; and personal presentation; touching (haptics) as well. Then, the meanings of nonverbal communication used by the autism child are various. Each nonverbal communication used by him has its own meaning.Keywords: communication, nonverbal communication, autism

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Logi, Lorenzo, and Michele Zappavigna. "Impersonated personae – paralanguage, dialogism and affiliation in stand-up comedy." HUMOR 34, no. 3 (February 11, 2021): 339–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/humor-2020-0023.

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Abstract This paper argues that paralinguistic resources employed by stand-up comedians to construe textual personae (impersonated characters) make a substantial contribution to the creation of humor by allowing the comedian to distance themselves from particular social values and by referencing shared cultural stereotypes. A stretch of stand-up comedy discourse is analyzed to explore how gesture and voice quality contribute to the construal of projected personae. These are mapped in relation to the interaction between comedian and audience to discern how they evoke specific social values. The results suggest that textual personae are deployed by the comedian to embody stereotypes that connote particular value positions, and that the comedian can construe blended or hybrid personae through the use of multiple semiotic resources. Impersonation thus constitutes a powerful resource for negotiating social values in order to generate tension and create humor.

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Vorkachev, Sergey G. "Somatic Verbalization: a Paralanguage of Gratitude (According to Corpus Linguistics)." Current Issues in Philology and Pedagogical Linguistics, no. 1 (March 25, 2022): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.29025/2079-6021-2022-1-243-250.

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The article is devoted to the study of paralinguistic means of expressing gratitude. The purpose of the article is to establish the place of body language in a number of sign languages when expressing gratitude and to describe the verbalization of its acoustic and somatic signs. The work used the methods of semantic, component, contextual and conceptual analysis, with the help of which the means of verbal embodiment of paralanguage signs of gratitude were investigated. The material for the research was the data of the National Corpus of the Russian Language. It is established that gratitude as an ethical category and moral feeling, along with verbal, also receives its bodily expression and is a semiotic phenomenon – a sign, the expression plan of which is also formed by “body language” – facial expressions and gestures, physiological manifestations, as well as behavioral acts. Paralinguistic means of expressing gratitude in a situation of real communication most often accompany verbal expressions of gratitude. Gratitude as a moral feeling is universal, but the means of its expression are specific and to a large extent ethnoculturally determined. Acoustic symbolic means of expressing gratitude are non-articulated voluntary and involuntary sounds: intonation and timbre of the voice, crying, sobbing, laughing, screaming, grunting, singing and applause. The paralanguage of gratitude in the field of kinetics is represented by facial expressions, gestures, body movements, physiological reactions and ritualized actions. Body signs of gratitude in the paralanguage of everyday communication are nonspecific: they are mostly signs of manifestation of love, sympathy, respect and reverence, interpreted as signs of gratitude exclusively situationally, and the semiotic system of sign language of everyday communication is secondary and only complements the primary, sound system. In mind and in language, gratitude exists in indissoluble unity with ingratitude, where it opposes both “simple ingratitude” – indifference, and “black ingratitude”, where indifference is replaced by hostility. The zero form of expression also extends to the kinetics of “simple ingratitude”, which is marked by the absence of any paralinguistic signs of positive emotional manifestations, while “black ingratitude” is also expressed by bodily signs of hostility.

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Fridlund, Alan J. "Evolution and facial action in reflex, social motive, and paralanguage." Biological Psychology 32, no. 1 (February 1991): 3–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-0511(91)90003-y.

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Beth Levenson, Robin. "Where is my attention? A lesson in listening." Explorations in Media Ecology 17, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 437–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/eme.17.4.437_1.

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This exercise, evolved from practices of philosopher George Gurdjief and theatre director Constantin Stanislavsky, asks students to use open dialogues to test listening skills and explore the nature of interpersonal communication, both verbally and non-verbally. It explores issues of effective listening and observation, language and paralanguage, use of critical thinking-in-action and pathos. It also involves the notions of proxemics and chronemics, which are among the most important concepts in fields of both communication and media.

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Nugraha, I. Gede Surya Dharma. "Communication Strategy Applied by Front Office Staff." Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris undiksha 9, no. 3 (December 12, 2021): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jpbi.v9i3.32450.

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Some still think when talking to guests and do not speak English very well. In addition, the receptionist is also still convoluted in explaining something. This problem has an impact on poor service. This study aimed to analyze the type of strategic communication used by the front office staff of the Intercontinental Bali Resort. Types of strategic communication used by staff, and reasons for strategic communication used by staff. The subject of this research is the front office staff at the Intercontinental Bali Resort. This study uses a qualitative design. Data collection methods are observation, interviews, and voice recordings. The results showed five types of strategic communication implemented by the front office staff at the Intercontinental Bali Resort, namely: Paralanguage had the highest percentage of strategic communication with a percentage of around (48%). The most widely used strategy by staff is the Clarification Hole strategy with a percentage (37%). The most frequently used is an approximation in percentage (11%). Then fourth, there are (2) communication strategies used mainly by staff. There are languages with a percentage of 2% for each strategy. Paralanguage is a communication strategy used to provide more information so that guests can imagine clear things, the contact that occurs, and make the conversation more polite because it will be the first glance at this time.

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AVONS, S. E., R. G. LEISER, and D. J. CARR. "Paralanguage and human-computer interaction. Part 1: identification of recorded vocal segregates." Behaviour & Information Technology 8, no. 1 (February 1989): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01449298908914534.

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LEISER, R. G., S. E. AVONS, and D. J. CARR. "Paralanguage and human-computer interaction. Part 2: comprehension of synthesized vocal segregates." Behaviour & Information Technology 8, no. 1 (February 1989): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01449298908914535.

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Nafiah, Siti Umi, and Muchlis Daroini. "NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE VILLAGE HEAD AND PEOPLE WITH MENTALLY DISABLED IN KARANGPATIHAN VILLAGE PONOROGO." QAULAN: Journal of Islamic Communication 3, no. 1 (June 22, 2022): 95–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.21154/qaulan.v3i1.3877.

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Abstract: Communication is an important element in the life of society. In everyday, people communicate verbally using language or words, but not all humans are able to interact using only verbal communication. Humans who are less than perfect, such as people with mental disability, find it difficult to receive messages using only language. Mental disability is a mental and intellectual disability disorder below average. As in Karangpatihan Village, Balong District, Ponorogo Regency, where 98 residents are mentally disabled. The village head has an important role in the welfare of its citizens so that the use of signs, symbols and even simple facial expressions can help mentally disabled people more easily understand the ongoing communication. This research was conducted with a descriptive research method with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis technique using Nonverbal Communication Theory according to Paul Ekman. The results of this study are first, the Village Head uses various signs/symbols when communicating with mentally disabled. Namely body language which includes eye gaze, facial expressions, hand gestures and movements, head movements, body posture and foot position, touch and paralanguage. Second, mental disability provides reciprocal responses in the form of nonverbal communication, namely, facial expressions, eye gaze, hand gestures and gestures and paralanguage. The gestures used are self-initiated without referring to sign language books in general.Keywords: Nonverbal Communication, Mental Disability, Paul Ekman's Theory.

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Karpiński, Maciej. "The Boundaries of Language: Dealing with Paralinguistic Features." Lingua Posnaniensis 54, no. 2 (December 1, 2012): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10122-012-0013-1.

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ABSTRACT Maciej Karpiński. The Boundaries of Language: Dealing with Paralinguistic Features. Lingua Posnaniensis, vol. LIV (2)/2012. The Poznań Society for the Advancement of the Arts and Sciences. PL ISSN 0079-4740, ISBN 978-83-7654-252-2, pp. 37-54. The paralinguistic component of communication attracted a great deal of attention from contemporary linguists in the 1960s. The seminal works written then by Trager, Crystal and others had a powerful influence on the concept of paralanguage that lasted for many years. But, with the focus shifting towards the socio-psychological context of communication in the 1970s, the development of spoken corpora and databases and the significant progress in speech technology in the 1980s and 1990s, the need has arisen for a more comprehensive, coherent and formalised - but also flexible - approach to paralinguistic features. This study advances some preliminary proposals for a revised treatment of paralanguage that would meet some of these requirements and provide a conceptual basis for a new system of annotation for paralinguistic features. A range of views on paralinguistic features, which come mostly from the fields of speech prosody and gesture analysis, are briefly discussed. A number of assumptions and postulates are formulated to allow for a more consistent approach to paralinguistic features. The study suggests that there should be more reliance on continua than on binary categorisations of features, that multi-functionality and multimodality should be fully acknowledged and that clear distinctions should be made among the levels of description, and between the properties of speakers and the speech signal itself.

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Mao, Qi-rong, Xiao-lei Zhao, Zheng-wei Huang, and Yong-zhao Zhan. "Speaker-independent speech emotion recognition by fusion of functional and accompanying paralanguage features." Journal of Zhejiang University SCIENCE C 14, no. 7 (July 2013): 573–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1631/jzus.cide1310.

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Friend, Margaret. "What Should I Do? Behavior Regulation by Language and Paralanguage in Early Childhood." Journal of Cognition and Development 4, no. 2 (May 2003): 161–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327647jcd0402_02.

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Vančura, Alma. "Nonverbal Elements in War Poems across Cultures: A Case Study of English and Croatian." ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 12, no. 2 (December 29, 2015): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/elope.12.2.113-124.

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Building on extensive study on nonverbal communication, this paper focuses on the presence of culturally referenced representations of nonverbal behaviour in poetry, specifically looking at the presence of culturally referenced nonverbal elements in war poems written during and after World War I. Written representations of such nonverbal elements are seen either as vocal-nonverbal (paralanguage) or as nonvocal-nonverbal (kinesics). As a poem’s theme derives from the actual event(s), it can be expected to contain culturally bound nonverbal elements. Analysis shows that nonverbal elements are mostly represented via descriptions of spatial signs, body adaptors and bodily characteristics, and that the presence of culturally referenced nonverbal elements is almost non-existent.

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Pritchard, C. Ruth. "Supportive devices in language and paralanguage in the achievement of affiliation in troubles talk." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 16, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.16.1.04pri.

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This study uses the methodology of conversational analysis to examine a case of ‘troubles talk’ between a group of female survivors of rape:that is, conversation on the discourse topic of ‘troubles’ or problems, and displaying the close interactional distance of intimacy. Rather than dwelling on the sequential and functional framework of ‘troubles talk’, this paper analyses the conversational process of ‘affiliation’ between the interactants as it occurs within the structure of the conversation, and the linguistic and paralinguistic devices utilised successfully in the achievement of ‘affiliation’ in the ‘troubles talk’. Both topical and interactional levels are considered, as they interact in the conversation to achieve successful ‘affiliation’ and ‘affiliation response’. The successful utilisation of linguistic and paralinguistic devices in affiliation affect the consequent self-disclosure which is crucial in overcoming the trauma of the experiences discussed in the ‘troubles talk’. The significance of affiliation to social context, gender, and culture are also considered.

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Wong, Chor Yiu. "Tackling Issues of Court Interpretation through Listening Skills and Language Awareness of World Englishes." International Journal of Translation and Interpretation Studies 2, no. 1 (May 9, 2022): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijtis.2022.2.1.8.

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This article aims to address the issue of dealing with varieties of English, namely upper and lower class English, and the paralanguage (use of stress and punctuation) within translation and interpretation. The study will use some episodes taken from a popular BBC television series entitled ‘The shadow of the Noose’ and from the film noir ‘The Raging Tide’ as a context to introduce the importance of how stress, punctuation, and pauses can turn a hopeless court case, as described in The shadow of the Noose, into a winning case. This provides much insight for interpreters to take non-verbal clues into account in their process of rendering the meanings conveyed by the witnesses apart from the content of the message.

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Pinto, Alexandra Guedes. "Discourse and manipulation – the miscegenation of genres in written press." Comunicação e Sociedade 19 (June 1, 2011): 247–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17231/comsoc.19(2011).909.

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This paper focuses on the appearance of certain instances of “intermediategenres” in written press derived from the miscegenation of press editorials and advertisements.It analyses the case of a specific advertisement and health editorial printed inVIP – a Portuguese social magazine – in April 2010. It appeals to a theoretical frameworkfrom Discourse Analysis in order to prove the miscegenation of genres betweenthe two chosen texts. Four aspects are developed: the context and co-text of the analyzeddiscourses; the genres involved; the language and paralanguage used; the pragmaticvalues activated – locutionary, illocutionary, perlocutionary.The study aims at proving that different genres combinations formed from advertisementsand other types of discourse, especially in media discourses, are a sign of thecolonization that advertising carries on other discourses financially dependent on it.

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Paiva, Simone de Sousa, Marli Teresinha Gimeniz Galvão, Lorita Marlena Freitag Pagliuca, and Paulo César de Almeida. "Non-verbal mother-child communication in conditions of maternal HIV in an experimental environment." Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 18, no. 1 (February 2010): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692010000100007.

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Non-verbal communication is predominant in the mother-child relation. This study aimed to analyze non-verbal mother-child communication in conditions of maternal HIV. In an experimental environment, five HIV-positive mothers were evaluated during care delivery to their babies of up to six months old. Recordings of the care were analyzed by experts, observing aspects of non-verbal communication, such as: paralanguage, kinesics, distance, visual contact, tone of voice, maternal and infant tactile behavior. In total, 344 scenes were obtained. After statistical analysis, these permitted inferring that mothers use non-verbal communication to demonstrate their close attachment to their children and to perceive possible abnormalities. It is suggested that the mother’s infection can be a determining factor for the formation of mothers’ strong attachment to their children after birth.

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Park, Jinsu, and Yuri Lee. "Luxury haul video creators' nonverbal communication and viewer intention to subscribe on YouTube." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 49, no. 6 (June 1, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.10119.

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In this study we used luxury haul videos (LHVs) on YouTube to explore how creators' nonverbal communication cues encourage viewers to subscribe to certain channels and to purchase the luxury goods introduced in the videos. Participants were 337 Korean women who completed a survey in which they rated the nonverbal communication of the creators. The results demonstrate that kinesics and paralanguage were important nonverbal communication factors affecting viewers' perception of content attributes. Creators' physical appearance was found to be relatively less important. We also found that perceived entertainment quality and perceived credibility of the content were important factors related to viewers' intention to subscribe and purchase. Our results reveal the nonverbal communication characteristics that LHV creators need to develop to be successful, and what viewers expect from the LHVs.

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Rodríguez Muñoz, Francisco J. "Pilot assessment of nonverbal pragmatic ability in people with asperger syndrome." Psychology of Language and Communication 17, no. 3 (December 1, 2013): 279–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/plc-2013-0018.

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Abstract The purpose of this study is to present a diagnostic tool to assess the nonverbal pragmatic behaviors of people with Asperger syndrome, with the intent to give an account of the severity of symptoms in the area of nonverbal interaction, as well as providing a profile of nonverbal behaviors that may be targeted for intervention. Through this communication profile, overall nonverbal ability is calculated in a group of 20 subjects with Asperger syndrome. The proposed scale also includes the measurement of the following nonverbal dimensions: (1) eye gaze, (2) facial expression, (3) body language and posture, (4) proxemics, (5) gestures, and (6) paralanguage. The results of this assessment suggest low nonverbal pragmatic ability in these subjects, show specific deficits in nonverbal communication, and capture variability in nonverbal behavior in individuals with AS.

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Cho, Ye-Shin. "The Effects of Paralanguage Utilization Training for Audiobook Text Shaping - Professor’s Friendly Behavior as a Parameters -." Journal of the Korea Entertainment Industry Association 14, no. 2 (February 29, 2020): 141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21184/jkeia.2020.2.14.2.141.

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Hall, Cathy W., Rosina Chia, and Deng F. Wang. "Nonverbal Communication among American and Chinese Students." Psychological Reports 79, no. 2 (October 1996): 419–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1996.79.2.419.

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The present study assessed nonverbal communication in a sample of Chinese and American elementary students. Participants were 412 children ranging in age from 7 years to 11 years (Grades 2 through 4), 241 from mainland China and 171 from the USA. Perception of nonverbal communication was assessed by use of the Diagnostic Analysis of Nonverbal Accuracy which assesses receptive nonverbal communication through facial expression, posture, gestures, and paralanguage (tone of voice). Only facial expression, posture, and gestures were examined, and significant differences between the two groups on gestures and postures were found but not on facial expressions. Teachers were also asked to rate their students using the Social Perception Behavior Rating Scale. Surprisingly, the teachers rated Chinese boys as having more difficulty with social behaviors and lower social perception than Chinese girls or American boys and girls.

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Musrifah, Musrifah. "Komunikasi Perempuan Bercadar: Studi Fenomenologi." Jurnal Askopis 2, no. 1 (March 30, 2018): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32494/ja.v2i1.37.

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An objective view the reconstructed media creates stereotypes veiled women with a negative stigma as the wife of a terrorist, exclusive, bigoted and even hypocritical. This study aims to describe verbal and nonverbal communication veiled women with other veiled women, with their family (husband and children) as well as with the general public. This study utilized qualitative method with phenomenological perspective. The research was conducted in several communities of veiled women in 4 villages in Lamongan and Gresik. Result of this study shows that veiled women used some Arabic terms while communicating in their own community. They also bear certain labeling which embedded by the people around them. This becomes a part of their verbal communication which they establish with their own community. Whilst, their nonverbal communication shown in form of body language, physical appearance, paralanguage, colors, spatial orientation, personal distance and artifacts.

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Iovan, Marţian. "Development of the Magistrate’s Intime Conviction in the Context of Non-Verbal Communication." Journal of Legal Studies 27, no. 41 (May 26, 2021): 83–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jles-2021-0007.

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Abstract The author of this paper tackles the concept of intimate conviction of the magistrate (judge, prosecutor) and relevant aspects of the etiology and practical importance of its content, as a subjective basis for establishing judicial questioning tactics that help the magistrate in his/her decision-making. By approaching the process of intimate conviction development as part of an interpersonal communication system, the author analyses the contribution of interpreting nonverbal, extra-semantic clues given by the person being questioned and by all participants in courtroom debates, to the detection of feigned behaviors and the subsequent adjustment of questioning, paving the way for the development of an intimate conviction. Consequently, improving hearing and questioning practices for the accused, the investigated, and witnesses involves professional control and self-control in terms of eye contact, facial expression, gestures, stance, paralanguage, touching, proximity, and dress, in order to masterfully achieve specific goals in delivering justice.

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Shinta, Meilan Nirmala, and Besse Darmawati. "Nonverbal Communication of Supervisors in The Mentoring Thesis Process: Perceptions Of English Students." Al-Lisan 6, no. 1 (March 6, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.30603/al.v6i1.1347.

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The study examines students' perceptions on the thesis mentoringprocess regarding their nonverbal communication patterns in the English studyprogram, FKIP of Halu Oleo University. The scope and focus are kinesics,proxemics, oculesics, chronemics, paralanguage, and physical appearance.Thisstudy apply a qualitative approach. The data obtained employing interview anddocumentation are then analyzed by Miles and Huberman's theory using reduction,reporting, and verification. The subjects of the study are eight graduated studentsand two students in the mentoring process. The study results shows that the sixtypes of nonverbal which are most likely to be experienced more often andinfluentially are ‘kinesics’, which is like the supervisor's attitude serving thestudents. Other nonverbal types continue to take on roles but are not as influentialas kinesics. This study reveals that the importance of communication is able toincrease student attention and motivation in constructing ideas gained from theirsupervisors when the communication process is going well and vice versa.

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Li, Xinhua. "Research on the Style Characteristics of Network Hosts." Frontiers in Business, Economics and Management 2, no. 3 (December 28, 2021): 129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/fbem.v2i3.216.

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There is a distinct difference between the network host style and the traditional host style. Wang Nima, as the "most positive host of three views of speech", is very successful in thinking from the perspective of social psychology. Wang Nima has become one of the symbols of the violent image subculture group through the styles of hiding identity, symbolized cartoon image, symbolized audio language and paralanguage expression, phonetic vocabulary grammar deviation and so on. The use of Wang Nima's image can better stimulate the audience to communicate and deliver the program. At the same time, the youth subculture audience speaks and spits with "opinion leaders" such as Wang Nima, and "opinion leaders" such as Wang Nima become spokespersons with obvious group characteristics. However, its disadvantage is that it can influence the public opinion trend of news on the Internet, and further interfere with the consciousness of individual thinking in the group.

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Paddock, John R., and Stephen Nowicki. "PARALANGUAGE AND THE INTERPERSONAL IMPACT OF DYSPHORIA: IT'S NOT WHAT YOU SAY BUT HOW YOU SAY IT." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 14, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1986.14.1.29.

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Research shows that clinically depressed persons and dysphoric normals have a negative impact on others. This study attempted to identify what about the dysphoric paralinguistic style creates the aversive impact experienced by others. Results suggest that moderately dysphoric normals are rejected to the extent that they speak in relatively soft, flat tones, with long pauses before “taking the floor” for an extended period of time. In addition, these persons pulled for rejection to the extent that their speech varied in loudness and pitch over a 15-minute telephone interaction. Implications for both Coyne's (1976a) interpersonal conceptualization of depression as well as future research and psychotherapy were discussed.

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Hayes, Jameson L., Brian C. Britt, Janelle Applequist, Artemio Ramirez, and Jayme Hill. "Leveraging Textual Paralanguage and Consumer–Brand Relationships for More Relatable Online Brand Communication: A Social Presence Approach." Journal of Interactive Advertising 20, no. 1 (December 13, 2019): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15252019.2019.1691093.

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Nuessel, Frank. "The consequences and effects of language transformations in legal discourse." Semiotica 2016, no. 209 (March 1, 2016): 125–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sem-2016-0003.

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AbstractThe discursive use of language in legal contexts is multifaceted and complex. First, it begins with the chain of oral narrative structures (victim, witness, suspect accounts) and written texts (confessions, notes, depositions, letters, Internet documents, email, tweets, telephone records) used in a court of law. The transcription of oral communiqués is a potentially transformative phase of evidence production that may be flawed (ambiguity, error, mistakes, gaps, misrepresentation). Second, it includes or/excludes the textual and narrative representation of nonverbal communication (kinesics, paralanguage, proxemics) and how it is recorded (transcripts, graphics, video, enactments). At each stage of the legal process, interpretation of narrative structures and texts plays a key role in the ultimate meaning of verbal and nonverbal communication. Third, it concerns interrogation strategies and tactics in preliminary evidence gathering as well as in the courtroom. Fourth, it involves translation of documents written in another language or interpretation of oral statements in another language to the language of the courtroom.

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Silva Alcántara, Marina. "Hacia una caracterización lingüística de las interacciones en WhatsApp." Triangle, no. 13 (May 21, 2020): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17345/triangle13.69-132.

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The emergence of new communicative contexts and new forms of interaction has led to changes in the ways of communicating. Some authors speak of a new communicative paradigm caused by a new level of interaction arisen in the technological context. In this article, we focus on a new technology that can be included in the so-called computer mediated communication: WhatsApp. The aim of this work is to study WhatsApp interactions understood as a particular type of computer-mediated talks. Specifically we will: 1) Characterize the language used in WhatsApp interactions at every linguistic level, from phonetics to pragmatics, through morphology, vocabulary and syntax. 2) Analyze how the absence of nonverbal communication (paralanguage and kinesics) in such interactions is managed. 3) Determine whether WhatsApp interactions are manifestations of spoken or written language, or, on the contrary, they are a new type of language that cannot be classified as oral or written. And 4) determine whether WhatsApp interactions can be qualified as conversational.

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Zrníková, Petra, and Mária Bujalková. "Development of Academic Skills and Learner’s Autonomy in Medical English Courses." Journal of Language and Cultural Education 6, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jolace-2018-0022.

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Abstract The article presents theory and practice of teaching English for Medical Purposes. In the theoretical part, our study deals with role of the teacher and aspects of the learner’s autonomy in EMP teaching, communicative approach, and the development of academic skills such as reading a scientific article, listening to lectures, and giving a presentation. The practical part is divided into three sections. Students were tested for reading and listening for specific information as well as general understanding. The main factors which caused difficulties in listening comprehension (Skills Evaluation 1) are the speaker’s rate of speech, accent, the role of a listener, the type of language used, the context of situation, background noise and visual support. The analysis of the main errors in reading comprehension (Skills Evaluation 2) showed the incorrect use of prepositions, passive voice, tenses, specific medical and academic vocabulary, and discourse markers. Assessment of the most common weaknesses in presentation skills (Skills Evaluation 3) includes lack of confidence and eye contact, overuse of haptics, fearful body posture, and the inappropriate use of paralanguage.

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Puertas-Molero, Pilar, Félix Zurita-Ortega, Gabriel González-Valero, and José Luis Ortega-Martín. "Design and Validation of the Non-Verbal Immediacy Scale (NVIS) for the Evaluation of Non-Verbal Language in University Professors." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3 (January 20, 2022): 1159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031159.

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Knowledge and awareness of how to use non-verbal language is essential for the educational field. For this reason, the aim of this study was to develop a validation that validly and reliably measures the analysis of non-verbal language in university teachers. Content validation was carried out by applying the Delphi technique and through an exploratory and confirmatory analysis. The validity of understanding is given by the application of the scale to 1316 university teachers between 24 and 67 years of age. The initial data collected through the Delphi technique provided some modifications. The final scale, called Non-verbal immediacy, was composed of a total of 26 items that presented satisfactory adjustments in both comprehension and outcome validity. Confirmatory factor analysis determined three dimensions (kinesics, paralanguage, and proxemics). These factors will be a new element for future lines of research related to the teaching-learning process, as high relationships have been demonstrated between non-verbal language and psychosocial aspects implicit in teaching practice, as well as comprehension and student learning.

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Prasetyo, Jarot Dwi, Zaehol Fatah, and Taufik Saleh. "EKSTRAKSI FITUR BERBASIS AVERAGE FACE UNTUK PENGENALAN EKSPRESI WAJAH." Jurnal Ilmiah Informatika 2, no. 2 (December 9, 2017): 130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.35316/jimi.v2i2.464.

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In recent years it appears interest in the interaction between humans and computers. Facial expressions play a fundamental role in social interaction with other humans. In two human communications is only 7% of communication due to language linguistic message, 38% due to paralanguage, while 55% through facial expressions. Therefore, to facilitate human machine interface more friendly on multimedia products, the facial expression recognition on interface very helpful in interacting comfort. One of the steps that affect the facial expression recognition is the accuracy in facial feature extraction. Several approaches to facial expression recognition in its extraction does not consider the dimensions of the data as input features of machine learning Through this research proposes a wavelet algorithm used to reduce the dimension of data features. Data features are then classified using SVM-multiclass machine learning to determine the difference of six facial expressions are anger, hatred, fear of happy, sad, and surprised Jaffe found in the database. Generating classification obtained 81.42% of the 208 sample data.

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Markel, Norman. "Speaking style as an expression of solidarity: Words per pause." Language in Society 19, no. 1 (March 1990): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500014123.

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ABSTRACTThis study examines the use of words per pause (W/P) as a practical means for identifying solidarity in everyday conversation. Eight listeners recorded the narratives of a female and a male, either friends or strangers. Ten speakers were categorized as friends and six as strangers; they talked about a good and a bad experience. Average reliability of coding pauses was .83. The results indicated a statistically significant difference in W/P of speakers who were friends and those who were strangers. Statistical results support the conclusion that friends are more likely to employ many W/P and strangers few W/P. One practical implication of this study is that W/P can be employed by researchers with relative ease and a high degree of reliability for investigations of speaking style in a variety of contexts. A second practical implication is that W/P is a diagnostic device that can serve as a social litmus test in everyday conversation to identify the expression of sympathy and estrangement. (Expressive language, nonverbal communication, paralanguage, pauses, psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, solidarity, speech and personality)

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Filani, Ibukun. "“Laf wan kill me die” (I almost died laughing): An analysis of Akpos jokes and the readers’ responses." European Journal of Humour Research 4, no. 4 (January 29, 2017): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/ejhr2016.4.4.filani.

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Studies on humour have acknowledged that responses to jokes are important aspects of a joking exchange; however, investigation of joke recipients’ responses has received little attention from humour scholars. Moreover, the linguistic investigations of jokes have been limited to native speakers’ contexts, leaving ESL contexts out. Therefore, this study examines readers’ responses to a genre of jokes in Nigerian online spheres, Akpos jokes, with a view to characterising their forms and functions. Akpos jokes are humorous narratives created around an imaginary character called Akpos. Jokes are randomly collected from a blog and readers’ responses were derived from a Facebook page in which Akpos jokes are published. Using computer paralanguage and language mixing in writing the jokes and the responses, the jokes and the reactions to them mirror the online and the Nigerian ESL contexts in which they are situated. Readers use their responses to indicate affiliation, disaffiliation with the joke, or to introduce something that has nothing to do with the subject of the joke or humour. Readers also use their responses to argue for and/or against the humorousness the jokes.

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Rabbani, Syarifatusnain Maulida Wahyu, Mursid Saleh, and Djoko Sutopo. "The Functions of Visual Representational Meaning in Supporting the Ideational Meaning in Cambridge Guess What Pupilâ€™s Book." English Education Journal 11, no. 3 (September 15, 2021): 344–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/eej.v11i1.45329.

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In a learning context, students are usually faced with images and texts, especially in textbooks they carry around with them. Nowadays, meaning-making rarely depends on language alone. Sometimes, the combination between image, color, sound, and action symbol have been considered as paralanguage no longer play a subordinate role in modern communication. This research aims to explain 1) the existence of visual representational meaning and the text ideational meaning in Cambridge Guess What Pupilâ€™s Book 6, 2) the function of visual representational meaning and the text ideational meaning in the Cambridge Guess What Pupilâ€™s Book 6, and 3) the function of visual representational meaning and the purposes of the texts in Cambridge Guess What Pupilâ€™s Book 6. The findings showed the existences of the visual representational meaning and the ideational meaning of the texts. They had the same participants and processes. However, not all clauses on the texts had the same participants. There were only several clauses that had the same participants with the figures. It meant visual representational meaning only could visualize the description of the same participants or visualize the narration of the same processes.

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Segerby, Cecilia. "Exploring How a University Mathematics Teacher’s Digital Relational Competence Can Be Manifested: A Micro-Analytical Study." Education Sciences 12, no. 4 (April 4, 2022): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci12040257.

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In recent years, daily practice at universities all over the world has involved online teaching due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Teaching online requires knowledge of new ways to engage with the students, but limited research concerning pedagogical aspects of online formats has been conducted to examine this further. Research shows that the teacher–student relationship is a critical factor in a student’s development and learning in both traditional and online teaching. Limited research has examined teacher–student relationships in online teaching at universities further. In the present pilot study, a university mathematics teacher’s digital relational competence is examined and visualized by using Halliday’s Systematic Function Linguistics to explore what is said, the verbal language, and Burgoon and Hobbler’s framework to visualize how it is said, i.e., the nonverbal language. Data were collected in autumn 2020 and involved a seminar with ten pre-service special educators in mathematics in Sweden; approximately 3 h of video-recorded material was collected. The result shows that the teacher’s verbal language, such as the choice of questions, personal pronouns, and being personal, but also her nonverbal language, involving gestures, facial expressions, and paralanguage, are essential when building supportive teacher–student relationships in mathematics.

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Girsang, Meta Idayanti, Desri Maria Sumbayak, and Muhammad Yusuf. "Paralinguistic Features in Students’ Speaking Performance." LingPoet: Journal of Linguistics and Literary Research 2, no. 2 (May 31, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/lingpoet.v2i2.4452.

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Analyzing paralanguage in students’ speaking is important especially in the EFL ( English as a Foreign Language) context. The research aims to find out the students’ productions of the paralinguistic features that is pitch and intonation in their speaking performance. The researcher used qualitative research and the data were taken from the eight videos of the speaking project of the students of the English department, Universitas Sumatera Utara.The interpretation of the data showed that each student uses the same feature in their speakings but produced the feature in a different way. The research revealed by seeing their paralinguistic features productions by using an instrument, PRAAT. The researcher found that some students produced low pitches in their speaking and some are high. There was a significant difference between men and women speakers in producing pitch. The research showed that PRAAT can help to reveal that both the students and the lecturer of speaking need to give more attention to the paralinguistic features and the production to build a good speaking and to be able to produce and follow the norms and rules in language they are learning.

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성선녀. "A Study of the Effects of Paralanguage on the Perception of Source Credibility －Focusing on the Verbal Expression of Voice Performers－." Journal of Speech Communication ll, no. 15 (December 2009): 213–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18625/jsc.2009..15.213.

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Astuti, Amelia Yuli, and Annisa Idafini Ardi. "A Discourse Analysis of Hegemonic Masculinity on TV Advertisements." Jurnal Ilmiah Langue and Parole 2, no. 1 (December 30, 2018): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.36057/jilp.v2i1.330.

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This research entitled “A Discourse Analysis of Hegemonic Masculinity on TV Advertisements” aims to identify cohesion, context and coherence when research the hegemonic masculinity on TV advertisement, identify representations of masculinity on TV advertisement, and analyze hegemonic masculinity realized on TV advertisement.This research uses discourse analysis approach. Where, the researcher used descriptive research method, which aims to create descriptions, as well as describe the data naturally from TV advertisement about hegemonic masculinity. And in collecting data researcher use techniques see, hear and record, then classified and analyzed.In this research found 5 of 5 categories by Halliday and Hasan (1976) are: reference, substitution, ellipsis, conjunction and lexical cohesion. Then 8 categories of context in advertisement according to Cook (1992) are: substance, music and picture, paralanguage, situation, a joint text, intertext, participants. Furthermore according to Reinhart (1980) that coherence is categorized into 3 categories namely: connectedness, consistency and relevant. Finally,the discovery of masculinity and hegemonic masculinity based on the concept of Connel (1995) on TV advertisement. Based on the results of this research, researcher concluded that the advertisement on TV, which where the advertisement of male products on TV contained full of messages in the form of hegemonic masculinity in it.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Paralanguage'

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