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Journal articles on the topic 'Paralympic swimming'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Morriën, Floor, Matthew J. D. Taylor, and Florentina J. Hettinga. "Biomechanics in Paralympics: Implications for Performance." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 12, no. 5 (2017): 578–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0199.

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Purpose:To provide an overview of biomechanical studies in Paralympic research and their relevance for performance in Paralympic sports.Methods:The search terms paralympic biomechanics, paralympic sport performance, paralympic athlete performance, and paralympic athlete were entered into the electronic database PubMed.Results:Thirty-four studies were found. Biomechanical studies in Paralympics mainly contributed to performance enhancement by technical optimization (n = 32) and/or injury prevention (n = 6). In addition, biomechanics was found to be important in understanding activity limitation

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Šašek, Vít, Klára Daďová, and David Půlpán. "Classification changes in para swimming and their impact on the Czech Para Swimming Team." AUC KINANTHROPOLOGICA 58, no. 1 (2022): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/23366052.2022.3.

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This aim of this article is to describe up-to-date polices and main classification issues in Paralympic sport with focus on Paralympic swimming. Using narrative review, it determines the influence of recent classification changes by reviewing available research data on how the classification system works and what direction it has taken after January 2018 when the new Classification Manual for swimming was published. It analyzes those changes in Czech Para Swimming Team during 4-year-period leading up to Tokyo Paralympic Games 2020 including 3 major swimming competetions and Paralympic Games it

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3

Daly, Daniel J., Laurie A. Malone, David J. Smith, Yves Vanlandewijck, and Robert D. Steadward. "The Contribution of Starting, Turning, and Finishing to Total Race Performance in Male Paralympic Swimmers." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 18, no. 3 (2001): 316–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.18.3.316.

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A video race analysis was conducted at the Atlanta Paralympic Games swimming competition. The purpose was to describe the contribution of clean swimming speed, as well as start, turn, and finish speed, to the total race performance in the four strokes for the men’s 100 m events. Start, turn, and finish times, as well as clean swimming speed during four race sections, were measured on videotapes during the preliminary heats (329 swims). Information on 1996 Olympic Games finalists (N = 16) was also available. In Paralympic swimmers, next to clean swimming speed, both turning and finishing were h

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Howe, P. David, and Carwyn Jones. "Classification of Disabled Athletes: (Dis)Empowering the Paralympic Practice Community." Sociology of Sport Journal 23, no. 1 (2006): 29–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.23.1.29.

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In recent years the International Paralympic Committee (IPC), the institution responsible for the administration, organization, and management of the Paralympic Games, has reshaped the landscape of sport for the disabled. This article argues that the IPC has marginalized the practice community, notably the International Organizations of Sport for the Disabled. By wrestling away control of the classification systems developed by these organizations, the IPC has transformed them to such an extent that they fail to provide opportunities for equitable sporting practice and the result has been a th

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Medeiros, Radamés M. V., Eduardo S. Alves, Valdir A. Lemos, et al. "Assessment of Body Composition and Sport Performance of Brazilian Paralympic Swim Team Athletes." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 25, no. 4 (2016): 364–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2015-0036.

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Context:Body-composition assessments of high-performance athletes are very important for identifying physical performance potential. Although the relationship between the kinanthropometric characteristics and performance abilities of Olympic swimmers is extremely important, this subject is not completely understood for Paralympic swimmers.Objective:To investigate the relationship between body composition and sport performance in Brazilian Paralympic swimmers 6 mo after training.Design:Experimental pre/posttest design.Setting:Research laboratory and field evaluations of swimming were conducted

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Martin, Jeffrey J., Erin Snapp, Franziska Loetzner, Fatemeh Dehghan, Eva Prokešová, and Tania Bastos. "Culture and emotion in Paralympic swimming medalists." AUC KINANTHROPOLOGICA 58, no. 2 (2022): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/23366052.2022.7.

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The purpose of the present study was to examine if cultural identity was related to the emotional experiences of Paralympic (N = 83) swimmers’ upon winning medals at the 2016 Paralympic Games. Paralympic athletes’ countries (N = 5) were scored on Hofstede’s (2011) six cultural dimensions and athletes who won medals had their facial expressions analyzed to determine levels of basic emotions (i.e., happiness, sadness, anger, surprise, disgust, fear, and neutral) based on Ekman’s (1993) neuro-cultural theory of emotion. After controlling for medal won, and time and place expectation proxies, we f

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Burkett, Brendan, and Rebecca Mellifont. "Sport Science and Coaching in Paralympic Swimming." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 3, no. 1 (2008): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/174795408784089324.

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8

Nakazawa, Kimitaka, Hiroki Obata, Daichi Nozaki, Shintaro Uehara, and Pablo Celnik. "“Paralympic Brain”. Compensation and Reorganization of a Damaged Human Brain with Intensive Physical Training." Sports 8, no. 4 (2020): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports8040046.

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The main aim of the study was to evaluate how the brain of a Paralympic athlete with severe disability due to cerebral palsy has reorganized after continuous training geared to enhance performance. Both corticospinal excitability of upper-limb muscles and electromyographic activity during swimming were investigated for a Paralympic gold medalist in swimming competitions. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to the affected and intact hand motor cortical area revealed that the affected side finger muscle cortical representation area shifted towards the temporal side, and cortico-spinal excit

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9

Dingley, Andrew A., David B. Pyne, and Brendan Burkett. "Relationships Between Propulsion and Anthropometry in Paralympic Swimmers." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 10, no. 8 (2015): 978–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2014-0186.

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Purpose:To characterize relationships between propulsion, anthropometry, and performance in Paralympic swimming.Methods:A cross-sectional study of swimmers (13 male, 15 female) age 20.5 ± 4.4 y was conducted. Subject locomotor categorizations were no physical disability (n = 8, classes S13–S14) and low-severity (n = 11, classes S9–S10) or midseverity disability (n = 9, classes S6–S8). Full anthropometric profiles estimated muscle mass and body fat, a bilateral swim-bench ergometer quantified upper-body power production, and 100-m time trials quantified swimming performance.Results:Correlations

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Mosunov, Dmitry, Vadim Morozov, Maria Mosunova, Dmitry Kazakov, and Olga Vorobyova. "Vortex model of the Olympic and Paralympic swimming." Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta, no. 114 (May 2014): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5930/issn.1994-4683.2014.05.111.p114-119.

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11

Wu, Sheng K., and Trevor Williams. "Paralympic Swimming Performance, Impairment, and the Functional Classification System." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 16, no. 3 (1999): 251–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.16.3.251.

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The aim was to analyze the relationship between performance and classes of swimmers and between types of physical impairments and medal winners. Participants were 374 swimmers at the 1996 Paralympic Games with six types of impairments: poliomyelitis, cerebral palsy, spinal cord injury, amputation, dysmelia, and les autres. Data included performance times, gender, classification, swimming stroke and distance, and type of impairment. ANOVA and Spearman rank correlation treatment of data revealed significant differences in swimmers’ mean speeds across classes and positive correlations in swimmers

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12

Hogarth, Luke, Brendan Burkett, Peter Van de Vliet, and Carl Payton. "Maximal Fully Tethered Swim Performance in Para Swimmers With Physical Impairment." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 15, no. 6 (2020): 816–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-0515.

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The assessment of swimming propulsion should be a cornerstone of Paralympic swimming classification. However, current methods do not objectively account for this component. Purpose: To evaluate the swimming propulsion of swimmers with and without physical impairment using a 30-second maximal fully tethered freestyle swim test. Methods: Tethered forces were recorded during maximal fully tethered swimming in 80 competitive swimmers with (n = 70) and without (n = 10) physical impairment. The relationships between absolute and normalized tether forces and maximal freestyle swim speed were establis

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Dingley, Andrew A., David B. Pyne, and Brendan Burkett. "Phases of the Swim-start in Paralympic Swimmers Are Influenced by Severity and Type of Disability." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 30, no. 5 (2014): 643–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2013-0321.

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Disabilities in Paralympic swimming could impact a swimmer’s ability to execute an effective swim-start. We examined how swim-start performance differed between severity and type of physical disability. Swim-starts were measured in 55 elite Paralympic swimmers from eight different Paralympic classes; S14, S13, S10-S6, S3 grouped as no- (classes S13 & S14), low- (S9 & S10), mid- (S7 & S8) or high- (≤ S6) severity of physical disability and also by type of physical disability (upper, lower, and palsy) to provide meaningful comparisons. The swimmer’s competitive level was determined b

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14

Daly, Daniel J., Stefka K. Djobova, Laurie A. Malone, Yves Vanlandewijck, and Robert D. Steadward. "Swimming Speed Patterns and Stroking Variables in the Paralympic100-m Freestyle." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 20, no. 3 (2003): 260–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.20.3.260.

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A video race analysis was conducted on 100-m freestyle performances of 72 male and 62 female finalists at the Sydney 2000 Paralympic Games. Races were won or lost in the second half of each 50-m race lap and differences in speed between swimmers were more related to stroke length than stroke rate. Within-race speed changes were more related to changes in stroke rate. Stroke rate changes were also responsible for speed changes between qualifying heats and finals in the first part of races, while stroke length was responsible for better speed maintenance at the end of races. Results indicate tha

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Burkett, Brendan, Rebecca Mellifont, and Bruce Mason. "The Influence of Swimming Start Components for Selected Olympic and Paralympic Swimmers." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 26, no. 2 (2010): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.26.2.134.

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This study compared the components of the 15-m swimming start for 20 international male Olympic and Paralympic swimmers. The time, distance, and velocity components for freestyle swimming were measured. There were significantly (p < .05) different absolute and relative swim start measures among the swimming groups. Using stepwise regression three variables significantly influenced the start to 15-m time: (i) underwater velocity, (ii) free swim velocity, and (iii) whether the swimmer had cerebral palsy. This new knowledge provides useful information for swimmers and coaches on which componen

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Wu, Sheng K., Trevor Williams, and Claudine Sherrill. "Classifiers as Agents of Social Control in Disability Swimming." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 17, no. 4 (2000): 421–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.17.4.421.

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The purpose was to examine classifiers as agents of social control in disability swimming. The examination centered on three themes: (a) resources used by classifiers to maintain the authority of Sports Assembly Executive Committee–Swimming (SAEC-SW) of the International Paralympic Committee (IPC), (b) socialization to become classifiers, and (c) influence of dominant groups. Data were collected using participant observation methodology at national and international swimming championships and a survey of the 18 SAEC-SW authorized classifiers. The results identified six essential features of SA

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Harrington, Shana E., Sean McQueeney, and Marcus Fearing. "Understanding Injury and Injury Prevention in Para Sport Athletes." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 30, no. 7 (2021): 1053–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2020-0477.

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Context: Training loads, injury, and injury prevention in the Para sports population has not been well established. Objective: The purpose of this study was to survey elite-level swimming, cycling, and athletic Para sport athletes in the United States who were competing in the 2016 US Paralympic trials to better understand common injuries among athletes in each sport and to determine whether injury prevention programs were being utilized. Design: Cross-sectional, survey study. Setting: The 2016 US Paralympic trials for swimming, cycling, and athletics. Participants: Athletes who competed in sw

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18

Derman, Wayne, Martin P. Schwellnus, Esme Jordaan, et al. "Sport, sex and age increase risk of illness at the Rio 2016 Summer Paralympic Games: a prospective cohort study of 51 198 athlete days." British Journal of Sports Medicine 52, no. 1 (2017): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-097962.

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ObjectiveTo describe the epidemiology of illness at the Rio 2016 Summer Paralympic Games.MethodsA total of 3657 athletes from 78 countries, representing 83.5% of all athletes at the Games, were monitored on the web-based injury and illness surveillance system (WEB-IISS) over 51 198 athlete days during the Rio 2016 Summer Paralympic Games. Illness data were obtained daily from teams with their own medical support through the WEB-IISS electronic data capturing systems.ResultsThe total number of illnesses was 511, with an illness incidence rate (IR) of 10.0 per 1000 athlete days (12.4%). The high

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19

Aitchison, Beth, Andrew Soundy, Paul Martin, Alison Rushton, and Nicola R. Heneghan. "Lived experiences of social support in Paralympic swimmers: A protocol for a qualitative study." BMJ Open 10, no. 9 (2020): e039953. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039953.

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IntroductionOver the past decade, there has been an increase in awareness of and investment into disability sport as a result of the ‘Paralympic Movement’. The provision of personal and professional support to elite athletes is important for the well-being and success of the athlete, with various studies advocating a holistic approach to performance enhancement. However, little is known about social support experiences in elite para-swimming. Swimming is a popular Paralympic sport and the British para swimmers have been very successful in recent years, most recently winning 47 medals at Rio 20

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20

Oh, Yim-Taek, Brendan Burkett, Conor Osborough, Danielle Formosa, and Carl Payton. "London 2012 Paralympic swimming: passive drag and the classification system." British Journal of Sports Medicine 47, no. 13 (2013): 838–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2013-092192.

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Martin, Jeffrey. "The Emotional Experiences of Paralympic Swimming Medalists: Not All Wins and Losses Are Equal." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 38, no. 3 (2021): 396–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.2020-0138.

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The goal of this study was to determine if emotional expressions at the end of swimmers’ 2016 Paralympic races varied according to medal won and if their race wins and losses were close or not close. Using FaceReader software, videos of 46 races of medal-winning Paralympic (M age = 24.6; SD = 5.4) swimmers’ faces (78 males and 60 females) from 22 countries were analyzed. Silver medalists were angrier and sadder than gold medalists and angrier and more disgusted than bronze medalists. Swimmers who swam slower than their 2015 best time were angrier than Paralympians who swam faster. Paralympians

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Fulton, Sacha K., David B. Pyne, and Brendan Burkett. "Quantifying freestyle kick-count and kick-rate patterns in Paralympic swimming." Journal of Sports Sciences 27, no. 13 (2009): 1455–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640410903062936.

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23

Fletcher, Jared R., Tessa Gallinger, and Francois Prince. "How Can Biomechanics Improve Physical Preparation and Performance in Paralympic Athletes? A Narrative Review." Sports 9, no. 7 (2021): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports9070089.

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Recent research in Paralympic biomechanics has offered opportunities for coaches, athletes, and sports practitioners to optimize training and performance, and recent systematic reviews have served to summarize the state of the evidence connecting biomechanics to Paralympic performance. This narrative review serves to provide a comprehensive and critical evaluation of the evidence related to biomechanics and Paralympic performance published since 2016. The main themes within this review focus on sport-specific body posture: the standing, sitting, and horizontal positions of current summer Paral

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Kardiyanto, Deddy Whinata, Hari Setijono, and Edy Mintarto. "The Analysis of Indonesian’s Paralympic Athletes Achievements in International Multi-event." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 1 (2020): e101911677. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i1.1677.

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The role of Paralympic athletes in sports has considered being important. The consideration is based on the desire to struggle as like normal people in the field of sports. Thus, this research is conducted in purpose to comprehend the whole phenomenon of Paralympic athletes in achieving accomplishment. Descriptive qualitative is applied in purpose to reveal the condition, facts, phenomenon, variable occurred. The main purpose is to understand the phenomenon more and focusing in the whole description rather by detailing on the related variables. The technique used in this research is documentat

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Utomo, Utomo, Yetti Supriyati, and Maruf Akbar. "The Evaluation of Swimming Sports Coaching Programs for Disabled Athletes in The National Paralympic Committee." Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan 5, no. 4 (2020): 544. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/jptpp.v5i4.13410.

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<p><strong>Abstract:</strong> Evaluation of swimming sports coaching programs for disabled athletes in the National Paralympic Committee (NPC) organization aims to assess the effectiveness of programs run by the South Kalimantan Province NPC by analyzing the role of each factor in accordance with the CIPP approach model. The CIPP model consists of four types of evaluations, namely: context evaluation, input evaluation, process evaluation. The data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive techniques. The results of the study were used for recommendations to all institutions

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YAHIRO, Dai, Yuko KODAMA, and Takeo HIRATA. "Successful Stories of Top Paralympic Swimmers from Their First Encounter with Swimming." Journal of Japan Society of Sports Industry 30, no. 4 (2020): 4_347–4_356. http://dx.doi.org/10.5997/sposun.30.4_347.

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27

Mello, Marco T., Radamés M. V. Medeiros, Eduardo S. Alves, et al. "Body Composition And Sporting Performance Of Brazilian National Paralympic Swimming Athletes Team." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 46 (May 2014): 939. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000496320.35644.f5.

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Evershed, Jo-Ann, Sanne Frazer, Rebecca Mellifont, and Brendan Burkett. "Sports technology provides an objective assessment of the Paralympic swimming classification system." Sports Technology 5, no. 1-2 (2012): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19346182.2012.704924.

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Dingley, A., D. Pyne, and B. Burkett. "Dry-land Bilateral Hand-force Production and Swimming Performance in Paralympic Swimmers." International Journal of Sports Medicine 35, no. 11 (2014): 949–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1364023.

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Dingley, A., D. Pyne, and B. Burkett. "Dry-land Bilateral Hand-force Production and Swimming Performance in Paralympic Swimmers." International Journal of Sports Medicine 35, no. 11 (2014): e4-e4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1384590.

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31

Puce, Luca, Lucio Marinelli, Ilaria Pallecchi, Laura Mori, and Carlo Trompetto. "Impact of the 2018 World Para Swimming classification revision on the race results in international Paralympic swimming events." German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research 50, no. 2 (2019): 251–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12662-019-00637-7.

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Dyer, Bryce TJ, and Sarah A. Deans. "Swimming with limb absence: A systematic review." Journal of Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies Engineering 4 (January 2017): 205566831772545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2055668317725451.

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Swimming with limb absence is undertaken as a source of leisure or rehabilitation and forms part of the current Paralympic Games competition programme. Whilst it is often proposed that research into sport with limb absence can be limited, this study identified the volume, type and historical interest of research regarding swimming with limb absence. A modified PRISMA search protocol was adopted for this review, and five bibliographic databases were used to identify relevant articles. The review identified 24 papers which met the pre-defined inclusion criteria. The identified peer-reviewed publ

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Puce, Luca, Lucio Marinelli, Emanuela Pierantozzi, et al. "Training methods and analysis of races of a top level Paralympic swimming athlete." Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation 14, no. 4 (2018): 612–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.12965/jer.1836254.127.

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Cavaggioni, Luca, Alessio Rossi, Massimiliano Tosin, et al. "Changes in Upper-Body Muscular Strength and Power in Paralympic Swimmers: Effects of Training Confinement during the COVID-19 Pandemic." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 9 (2022): 5382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095382.

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The aim of this case series was to evaluate the effectiveness of a dry-land home-training program conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic period in Paralympic swimmers. Previous evidence showed the importance of muscular strength and power training for Paralympic swimmers due to the positive relationship between severity of impairment, swimming technique and biomechanics parameters. Specifically, we aimed to analyze: (i) the effects of a customized training regime conducted pre, during and post restrictions on upper-body muscular strength and power (one repetition maximum, mean propulsive veloc

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Feitosa, Wellington G., Ricardo de A. Correia, Tiago M. Barbosa, and Flávio Antônio de Souza Castro. "Kinematic, Coordinative and Efficiency Parameters of Physically Impaired Swimmers at Maximum Aerobic Power Speed." Open Sports Sciences Journal 12, no. 1 (2019): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1875399x01912010035.

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Background: In paralympic swimming, the biomechanical parameters related to performance are effectively determined according to the potentialities and peculiarities of each athlete. However, a clear integrated approach to these parameters for swimmers with physical disabilities at the speed of maximum oxygen uptake (vV̇O2max) is still practically non-existent. Objective: The purpose of this study was twofold: (i) to assess kinematic, coordinative and efficiency parameters measured at vV̇O2max in swimmers with physical impairments; and (ii) to correlate these biomechanical parameters with the t

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Karataş, Baykal, and Serdar Adıgüzel. "Examination of Emotional Intelligence Levels of Coaches Providing Swimming Training to Individuals with Disabilities and Individuals without Disabilities." Shanlax International Journal of Education 9, S1-May (2021): 205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/education.v9is1-may.4013.

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Emotions are one of the important factors guiding our behaviors. People often make decisions by being influenced by their emotions throughout their lives. Therefore, it is important to recognize and learn to control our emotions. There are different groups of individuals with disabilities, and the swimming training of each group with disabilities is different. Swimming, which is one of the Paralympic sports branches, appeals to almost all groups with disabilities. There are very few swimming coaches in Turkey who provide swimming training to individuals with disabilities, and are only interest

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Gonjo, Tomohiro, and Bjørn Harald Olstad. "Race Analysis in Competitive Swimming: A Narrative Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 1 (2020): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010069.

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Researchers have quantified swimming races for several decades to provide objective information on race strategy and characteristics. The purpose of the present review was to summarize knowledge established in the literature and current issues in swimming race analysis. A systematic search of the literature for the current narrative review was conducted in September 2020 using Web of Science, SPORTDiscus (via EBSCO), and PubMed. After examining 321 studies, 22 articles were included in the current review. Most studies divided the race into the start, clean swimming, turn, and/or finish segment

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Pérez-Tejero, Javier, Santiago Veiga, Alberto Almena, Archit Navandar, and Enrique Navarro. "Effect of functional classification on the swimming race segments during the 2012 London Paralympic Games." International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport 17, no. 4 (2017): 406–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2017.1348059.

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De Sousa-De Sousa, Luis, Hugo G. Espinosa, Jose Luis Maté-Muñoz, et al. "Effects of Capacitive-Resistive Electric Transfer on Sports Performance in Paralympic Swimmers: A Stopped Randomized Clinical Trial." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 21 (2022): 14620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114620.

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Throughout history a variety of therapeutic tools have been studied as possible enhancers of sports activities. This study proposes the use of Capacitive-Resistive Electric Transfer (CRET) as a performance booster to paralympic athletes, specifically those belonging to the Spanish Paralympic swimming committee. The study was a randomized, single-blind, and observer-blind, crossover clinical trial. Six athletes were randomly assigned to three groups: one treated with CRET (A); a placebo group (B) and a control group (C). The CRET group attended a twenty-minute session before being subjected to

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Clément, Julien, Mathieu Charbonneau, and Mike Thompson. "Instantaneous velocity estimation for the four swimming strokes using a 3-axis accelerometer: Validation on paralympic athletes." Journal of Biomechanics 117 (March 2021): 110261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110261.

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Dingley, Andrew A., David B. Pyne, Jamie Youngson, and Brendan Burkett. "Effectiveness of a Dry-Land Resistance Training Program on Strength, Power, and Swimming Performance in Paralympic Swimmers." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 29, no. 3 (2015): 619–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000000684.

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Karpova, Svetlana N. "TRAINING SESSIONS WITH STUDENTS OF SPECIAL MEDICAL GROUPS IN A SWIMMING POOL AS ONE OF THE WAYS TO ATTRACT YOUNG PEOPLE TO THE PARALYMPIC NATIONAL SWIMMING TEAM." Культура физическая и здоровье, no. 4 (2021): 58–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.47438/1999-3455_2021_4_58.

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Kocahan, Tugba, and Bihter Akinoglu. "Does Leg Length Discrepancy Affect Flexor And Extensor Muscle Strength of the Knee? A Case Series of Paralympic Swimming Athletes." Turkish Journal of Sports Medicine 53, no. 1 (2018): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/tjsm.2018.089.

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Aleksandrović, Marko. "Characteristics of Physical Training of Persons with Visual Impairment - From Instruction and Workout to Training and Competition." Physical Education and Sport Through the Centuries 5, no. 1 (2018): 67–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/spes-2018-0006.

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SummaryVisual impairment as a congenital condition or acquired state is due to: eye diseases, physical injuries, falls, brain injuries, infections, etc. In relation to the degree of visual impairment, there are blind and low vision persons.Due to insufficient or non-existent visual information at an early stage of development, children with visual impairment are not aware of their own body and space, therefore they have problems with their own motion. The motor development of children with visual impairment is slow, which manifests through delayed walking, inaptitude, clumsiness, frequent fall

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Pack, Stephen, Sasha Kelly, and Monna Arvinen-Barrow. "“I think I became a swimmer rather than just someone with a disability swimming up and down:” paralympic athletes perceptions of self and identity development." Disability and Rehabilitation 39, no. 20 (2016): 2063–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2016.1217074.

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Voloshko, Larysa, and Galina Boyko. "Modern approaches to the classification of athletes with intellectual disabilities." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), no. 5(136) (May 22, 2021): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2021.5(135).07.

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The analysis of program-normative documents of International Federation for sport for athletes with an intellectual impairment (Virtus) in 2021 allowed to determine the specific features of the classification of athletes with intellectual disabilities. The article describes the specifics of the route of selection of athletes with intellectual disabilities, Down syndrome, autistic disorders to the three classification groups Virtus II1, II2, III3. Classification group II1 is the primary group for the selection of athletes with intellectual disabilities, which is included in three sports in the

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Bednarczuk, Grzegorz, Izabela Rutkowska, and Waldemar Skowroński. "Zmienność wyników sportowych w pływaniu mężczyzn z niepełnosprawnością narządu ruchu na Igrzyskach Paraolimpijskich w latach 2000 – 2012/ Variability of sports results in men’s with locomotor disabilities swimming during the Paralympic Games in the years 2000 – 2012." Advances in Rehabilitation 29, no. 1 (2015): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rehab-2015-0019.

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Streszczenie Wstęp: Pływanie jest jedną z najpopularniejszych dyscyplin sportu uprawianych przez osoby niepełnosprawne, o czym może świadczyć wzrastająca liczba uczestnikow podczas kolejnych Igrzysk Paraolimpijskich (IP). Jednym ze sposobow oceny poziomu sportowego w danej dyscyplinie jest analiza wynikow z zawodow najwyższej rangi. Stąd celem pracy było porownanie wynikow sportowych, uzyskanych przez mężczyzn z niepełnosprawnością narządu ruchu w pływaniu w danej klasie startowej (1-10) na IP w latach 2000-2012. Materiał i metody: Analizie poddano wyniki uzyskane przez mężczyzn z niepełnospra

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Richter, Kenneth J., Carol Adams-Mushett, Michael S. Ferrara, and B. Cairbre McCann. "Integrated Swimming Classification: A Faulted System." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 9, no. 1 (1992): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.9.1.5.

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Classification is intended to provide fair competition for athletes. Each disability group has developed different methods and techniques of classification to ensure fair competition. However, the 1992 Paralympics will use integrated classification for swimmers from the International Sports Organization for the Disabled (ISOD), the International Stoke Mandeville Wheelchair Sports Federation (ISMWSF), and the Cerebral Palsy International Sports and Recreation Association (CP-ISRA). The integrated swimming classification is said to be based on the research of Counsilman. The developers of the in

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Barbosa, Augusto C., Leonardo T. Araújo, Tatiana OC Kanayama, et al. "The classification in Para swimming: Analysis of a Paralympic champion’s withdraw case." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, August 27, 2020, 174795412095352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747954120953523.

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This study compared the in-water bilateral leg kick speed difference between a Paralympic and an Olympic athlete. The Paralympic (former S10) was not eligible after his reclassification in 2019, whereas the Olympic was a semi-finalist in 50 m freestyle in Rio 2016. Kick performance was assessed by a speedometer in one push-off ∼15 m maximal kick sprint. Ten complete cycles were analyzed, and the average speed of each leg in each cycle was calculated. Computerized planimetry assessed plantar feet areas. Differences between right and left feet areas were –22% and –2.1% for the Paralympic and Oly

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Martin, Jeffrey, Mario Vassallo, Jacklyn Carrico, and Ellen Armstrong. "Predicting Happiness in Paralympic Swimming Medalists." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, June 27, 2019, 309–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.2018-0140.

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The purpose of this study was to predict Paralympian swimmers’ happiness as a result of winning 2016 Paralympic medals. Understanding potential antecedents of athletes’ happiness has theoretical and practical value. Medal winners (N = 138) had their facial expressions rated for happiness at the race finish. Three predictors were examined: finish place (i.e., first, second, or third), swimmers’ expectations for race place, and race time. A multiple-regression analysis predicting happiness was significant, F(3, 98) = 3.66, p < .015, accounting for 10% of the variance. Significant beta weights

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