Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Paramecium'
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Gurney, Rebecca L. "Stimulus Generalization to Different levels of Illumination in Paramecium caudatum." Connect to full text in OhioLINK ETD Center, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1228768700.
Full textRahemtullah, Shamsa. "Commitment to autogamy in Paramecium blocks mating reactivity : implications for regulation of the sexual pathway and the breeding system." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29779.
Full textScience, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate
Hambach, Kristina. "Klonierung einer Adenylatcyclase aus Paramecium tetraurelia." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=964955636.
Full textFarmakis, Georges. "Recherches sur les ATPases de Paramecium tetraurelia." Grenoble : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37593820m.
Full textWatzke, Daniela. "Experimentelle Beeinflussung der gravisensorischen Transduktion bei Paramecium caudatum." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=95898882X.
Full textZabolitzky, Andreas. "Bildung und Struktur der intranucleären Mikronucleusspindel des Ciliaten Paramecium bursaria (Focke)." [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=960695052.
Full textSchwarz, Steffen. "Untersuchungen zu invasionsspezifischen Proteinen von Holospora obtusa, einem Bakterium aus dem Makronukleus von Paramecium caudatum /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB9966613.
Full textMohamed, Ihab Kamal. "Cell and molecular biological and Fluorochrome analysis of the mechanism involved in the Calcium dynamics during exocytosis in Paramecium cells /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB9771243.
Full textJana, Saikat. "Effect of boundaries on swimming of Paramecium multimicronucleatum." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51558.
Full textPh. D.
Fisch, Cathy. "Functional analysis of B9-domain proteins in paramecium." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112219.
Full textCilia are eukaryotic organelles whose structure and functions in motility and sensation are conserved from unicellular organisms to human. The importance of those organelles has recently come into focus with the discovery that various human genetic syndromes, such as polycystic kidney disease, Bardet-Biedl, Meckel of Joubert syndrome, which are charaterized by the association of developmental defects in the central nervous system and limbs, are caused by the loss of ciliary funtions. Proteomic analysis of the basal body/cilium complex and the genetic characterization of human syndromes identified numerous new proteins that are evolutionary conserved but whose cellular functions remain to be elucidated. Taking advantage of a eukaryotic unicellular ciliated model organism, Paramecium tetraurelia, we characterised a protein family of three members (MKS1, EPPB9 and ICIS) which are implicated in ciliopathies. Localisation of these proteins at the cilium supported their potential role in ciliogenesis. RNA interference analysis showed that these proteins are essential for cell survival and ciliary stability. Their absence caused severe sensorial dysfunction followed by the progressive loss of cilia. Ultrastructural analysis showed that the maturation process of exocytotic vesicles was inhibited. Taken together these results suggest a fundamental role for proteins in the vesicular traffic to the apical cell membrane and targeting to the ciliary membrane
Ching, Ada Sik-Lun. "Cell cycle studies in Paramecium : effects of abrupt changes of nutritional state on cell cycle regulation." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24595.
Full textScience, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate
Ray, Koela. "Chacterization of Paramecium Tetraurelia Ciliary Membrane Plasma Membrane Calcium Pumps and Lipid Rafts." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2008. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/190.
Full textChau, Miu-fun. "The role of the micronucleus in the development of the oral apparatus of paramecium /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1987. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12224601.
Full textMingee, Catherine M. "Retention of brightness discrimination in Paramecia, P. caudatum /." Connect to full text in OhioLINK ETD Center, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=toledo1258397377.
Full textTypescript. "Submitted to the Graduate Faculty as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts Degree in Psychology." "A thesis entitled"--at head of title. Bibliography: leaves 17-18.
Shi, Lei. "Dual role of IFT57 in cilia and nucleus in Paramecium." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00922993.
Full text譚麗華 and Lai-wa Tam. "Genetics and development of the oral apparatus in 'paramecium tetraurelia'." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1985. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31207431.
Full textDubrana, Karine. "Analyse genetique et moleculaire de l'excision programmee d'adn chez paramecium primaurelia." Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA066165.
Full textZitzmann, Sabine. "In-situ-Analysen des exocytosesensitiven Phosphoproteins PP63/Parafusin in Paramecium-Zellen." [S.l.] : Universität Konstanz , Fakultät für Biologie, 1998. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB8214570.
Full textLAUGIERI, MARIA ELENA. "Study and characterization of Glycosyltransferases from Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus – 1." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/989857.
Full textPetchey, Owen Leonard. "The effect of environmental noise on population and community dynamics." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267617.
Full textФедосенко, В. М. "Парамеційні тести в оцінці токсичності лікарської рослинної сировини." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2019. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13590.
Full textSchwarz, Steffen. "Untersuchungen zu invasionspezifischen Proteinen von Holospora obtusa, einem Bakterium aus dem Makronukleus von Paramecium caudatum." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB10252171.
Full textArnaiz, Olivier. "Annotation des génomes de paramécies Improved methods and resources for paramecium genomics: transcription units, gene annotation and gene expression The Paramecium Germline Genome Provides a Niche for Intragenic Parasitic DNA: Evolutionary Dynamics of Internal Eliminated Sequences ParTIES: a toolbox for Paramecium interspersed DNA elimination studies." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASL046.
Full textThe next generation sequencing technologies (NGS) have revolutionized genomics.Genomes of numerous organisms have been sequenced and assembled.Deciphering the encoded information (annotation) has more than ever become crucial. In this thesis manuscript, I focus on the impact of NGS on the annotation of Paramecium genomes, in particular the annotation of genes and transposable elements (TE).Paramecia is a unicellular eukaryote possesses two types of nuclei. A germline nucleus (MIC) transmits the genetic information to the next sexual generation, and a somatic nucleus (MAC) is responsible for gene expression.Special genes caracteristics of paramecia stimulated me to develop a workflow dedicated to their annotation, using RNA-seq data.At each sexual cycle, the parental MAC is lost and a new MAC develops from a copy of the MIC, through programmed genome rearrangements, notably the elimination of DNA corresponding to TE and short unique copy sequences called IES (Internal Eliminated Sequence).I developed the ParTIES software, using DNA-Seq data, to identify the ~45,000 IESs in the germline genome of Paramecium tetraurelia and to show that the IESs are remnants of TE.A series of three whole genome duplications (WGD) in the evolutionary history of the lineage, ancient but still visible, allow us to describe the dynamics of the invasion and evolution of TE that decay to become IES
AZZOUZ, NAHID. "Etude d'une glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol proteine : antigene de surface 156g de paramecium primaurelia." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066402.
Full textSehring, Ivonne Margarete. "Molecular components and organelles involved in calcium-mediated signal-transduction in Paramecium." [S.l. : s.n.], 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-opus-41167.
Full textNabi, Md Ashikun. "Multiple Functions Of The Striated Rootlet Proteins Of The Paramecium Basal Body." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2018. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/951.
Full textPellerin, Guillaume. "Contribution des polymorphismes d'insertions à la stérilité des hybrides chez Paramecium tetraurelia." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066078/document.
Full textLike all ciliates, P. tetraurelia entirely rearranges its genome during development of the somatic macronucleus from the germline micronucleus, in each sexual generation. Rearrangements include the precise excision of IESs (Internal Eliminated Sequences), single-copy intervening sequences likely derived from transposon insertions. At least for a fraction of IESs, correct excision, which is required to reconstitute functional genes in the macronucleus, is thought to depend on their recognition by Piwi-bound small RNAs (called scnRNAs) produced from the maternal germline genome during meiosis. This raises a problem during conjugation between strains presenting insertion polymorphisms: a cell will be theoretically unable to excise an IES from the incoming (paternal) allele if that IES is absent from the maternal allele, or if its sequence is too divergent. Our results, however, indicate that divergent paternal alleles are correctly rearranged, using scnRNAs produced by the paternal cell. In the case of an absence/presence polymorphism, the IES we studied is excised in 70% of heterozygotes, also using paternal scnRNAs. We explored two hypotheses to explain how they can act. It could be either an early programming of the gametic nuclei or through cytoplasmic exchange of scnRNAs. My results seem to favor the latter. Overall, I showed that the lack of maternal scnRNAs is not a possible cause of hybrid dysgenesis. However, 30% of heterozygous F1 display a variable retention of the IES through an unknown mechanism. If this is true for all hemizygous IESs then it will have a strong deleterious effect on hybrid F1s and may contribute to reproductive isolation
Lhuillier-Akakpo, Maoussi. "Inactivation des centromères et élimination programmée d'ADN chez le cilié Paramecium tetraurelia." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066160/document.
Full textIn the ciliate Paramecium tetraurelia, differentiation of the somatic genome from the germline genome is characterized by massive and reproducible deletion of transposable elements and of 45,000 short, dispersed, single-copy sequences. A specific class of small RNAs produced by the germline during meiosis, the scnRNAs, are involved in the epigenetic regulation of DNA deletion but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We showed that trimethylation of histone H3 (H3K27me3 and H3K9me3) displays a dynamic nuclear localization that is altered when the endonuclease required for DNA elimination is depleted. We identified the histone methyltransferase Ezl1p responsible for H3 methylations establishment and showed that it is required for correct genome rearrangements. Genome-wide analyses showed that scnRNA-mediated H3 methylation is necessary for the elimination of long, repeated germline DNA, while single copy sequences display differential sensitivity to depletion of the scnRNA pathway or Ezl1p. Our study reveals cis acting determinants such as DNA length that may contribute to define the deleted germline sequences. In a second study, we showed that in Paramecium cells, the centromeric function is restricted to the germline chromosomes. A process of centromere inactivation occurs during the development of the somatic lineage, concomitantly with the events of DNA elimination. Our genetic analyses show that the endonuclease required for DNA elimination and Ezl1p but not the scnRNA are necessary for centromere inactivation. Our data strongly suggest that centromere inactivation relies on the physical elimination of the centromeric sequences from the somatic genome
Pellerin, Guillaume. "Contribution des polymorphismes d'insertions à la stérilité des hybrides chez Paramecium tetraurelia." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2017PA066078.pdf.
Full textLike all ciliates, P. tetraurelia entirely rearranges its genome during development of the somatic macronucleus from the germline micronucleus, in each sexual generation. Rearrangements include the precise excision of IESs (Internal Eliminated Sequences), single-copy intervening sequences likely derived from transposon insertions. At least for a fraction of IESs, correct excision, which is required to reconstitute functional genes in the macronucleus, is thought to depend on their recognition by Piwi-bound small RNAs (called scnRNAs) produced from the maternal germline genome during meiosis. This raises a problem during conjugation between strains presenting insertion polymorphisms: a cell will be theoretically unable to excise an IES from the incoming (paternal) allele if that IES is absent from the maternal allele, or if its sequence is too divergent. Our results, however, indicate that divergent paternal alleles are correctly rearranged, using scnRNAs produced by the paternal cell. In the case of an absence/presence polymorphism, the IES we studied is excised in 70% of heterozygotes, also using paternal scnRNAs. We explored two hypotheses to explain how they can act. It could be either an early programming of the gametic nuclei or through cytoplasmic exchange of scnRNAs. My results seem to favor the latter. Overall, I showed that the lack of maternal scnRNAs is not a possible cause of hybrid dysgenesis. However, 30% of heterozygous F1 display a variable retention of the IES through an unknown mechanism. If this is true for all hemizygous IESs then it will have a strong deleterious effect on hybrid F1s and may contribute to reproductive isolation
Lhuillier-Akakpo, Maoussi. "Inactivation des centromères et élimination programmée d'ADN chez le cilié Paramecium tetraurelia." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2014PA066160.pdf.
Full textIn the ciliate Paramecium tetraurelia, differentiation of the somatic genome from the germline genome is characterized by massive and reproducible deletion of transposable elements and of 45,000 short, dispersed, single-copy sequences. A specific class of small RNAs produced by the germline during meiosis, the scnRNAs, are involved in the epigenetic regulation of DNA deletion but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We showed that trimethylation of histone H3 (H3K27me3 and H3K9me3) displays a dynamic nuclear localization that is altered when the endonuclease required for DNA elimination is depleted. We identified the histone methyltransferase Ezl1p responsible for H3 methylations establishment and showed that it is required for correct genome rearrangements. Genome-wide analyses showed that scnRNA-mediated H3 methylation is necessary for the elimination of long, repeated germline DNA, while single copy sequences display differential sensitivity to depletion of the scnRNA pathway or Ezl1p. Our study reveals cis acting determinants such as DNA length that may contribute to define the deleted germline sequences. In a second study, we showed that in Paramecium cells, the centromeric function is restricted to the germline chromosomes. A process of centromere inactivation occurs during the development of the somatic lineage, concomitantly with the events of DNA elimination. Our genetic analyses show that the endonuclease required for DNA elimination and Ezl1p but not the scnRNA are necessary for centromere inactivation. Our data strongly suggest that centromere inactivation relies on the physical elimination of the centromeric sequences from the somatic genome
周妙芬 and Miu-fun Chau. "The role of the micronucleus in the development of the oral apparatus of paramecium." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1987. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31208101.
Full textКомаров, А. І., and Дар'я Михайлівна Пилипенко. "Дослідження мембраностабілізуючої та антиоксидантної активності ліпосомальних форм препаратів на тест-системі Paramecium caudaтum." Thesis, Національна фармацевтична академія України, 2019. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/44602.
Full textKrzywicka-Racka, Anna. "Approches génétique et moléculaire de la duplication des corps basaux chez paramecium tetraurelia." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112038.
Full textParamecium is a unicellular organism covered by numerous cilia. Each of them is anchored on a basal body, a polarized structure, which duplicates during the cell cycle and is analogous to centrioles of the centrosome. In Paramecium, several mutants defective in basal body duplication have already been described. The kin241-1 mutation displays a highly pleiotropic effect on cortical organization, inducing hyperduplication of basal bodies and affecting nuclear reorganization during sexual processes. I have cloned the KIN241 gene by functional complementation. It encodes a new protein with 4 domains: a cyclophilin type isomerase, an RNA recognition motif, a domain rich in the dipeptide E-K and a C-terminal string of serines. This protein, named CRIP (Cyclophilin-RNA Interacting Protein) is localized in the nucleus via nuclear localization signals (NLS). A deletion which eliminates half of the NLS, decreases nuclear transport, so that the protein is localized in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The original mutation kin241-1 (insertion of 2 nucleotides) introduces a premature signal to end translation and leads to a protein truncated of its C-terminal domain. This isoform is unstable in vivo. This allowed me to conclude that the phenotype of the kin241-1 mutation is caused by the jack of CRIP protein. This hypothesis was confirmed by gene silencing experiments. In these experiments, the endogenous mRNA is degraded precluding the wild type protein synthesis. We have suggested that CRIP could be a factor involved in processing of a subclass of mRNA specific for morphological processes. The protein CRIP is present in different organisms including: yeast, plants, insects and mammals. These proteins have not been yet studied. This thesis thus raports the identification and first steps in investigation of the role this new family of proteins
Kapusta, Aurélie. "Réarrangements du génome chez Paramecium tetraurelia : ligases ADN et voies de End-Joining." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112207.
Full textDuring the sexual cycle of the ciliate Paramecium, the somatic genome is spectacularly and reproducibly rearranged. This process involves two kinds of germline DNA elimination, including the precise excision of tens of thousands of short sequences (Internal Eliminated Sequences or IESs), each one flanked by two 5' - TA- 3' dinucleotides. These developmentally programmed rearrangements are initiated by DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) that exhibit a characteristic geometry, with 4-base 5' overhangs centered on the conserved TA, and may readily align and undergo ligation with minimal processing. However, the actors involved in the final and precise assembly of somatic genes have remained unknown. My work has been focused on the last step of DNA repair, which first led me to characterize in silico the Paramecium ATP-dependent DNA ligases. Functional analysis of Ligase IV and its partner Xrcc4p, core components of a canonical cellular DSB repair pathway (non-homologous endjoining or NHEJ), showed their requirement both for the repair of IES excision sites and for the circularization of excised IESs. Moreover, my data provide direct evidence for the introduction of initiating double-strand cleavages at both ends of each IES, followed by DSB repair via highly precise end-joining. This led to a "cut-and-close" model, including confirmed or putative actors, mostly involved in the protection of broken ends and their controlled processing, key steps in a highly reproducible and precise repair. Paramecium may therefore be an excellent model organism to study precise DSB repair in genome-wide programmed rearrangements
Dusi, Eike. "Experimental Host-Parasite Co-Evolution in a Changing Environment." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-199218.
Full textGarnier, Olivier. "Epigénèse de la différenciation macronucléaire chez Paramecium aurelia : phénomènes dépendants de l'homologie de séquence." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066408.
Full textMarques, Suzanne. "Étude de nouvelles protéines impliquées dans les réarrangements programmés du génome chez Paramecium tetraurelia." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPSLE096.
Full textIn Paramecium tetraurelia, the development of a new somatic macronucleus at each sexual generation involves the amplification of the diploid germline genome to ~800n and the precise excision of some 45,000 short singlecopy sequences called IESs (Internal Eliminated Sequences), which derive from ancient transposable element (TE) insertions. My PhD project aims to clarify the mechanisms that ensure the specificity of the excision program: only a weak sequence consensus marks the ends of IESs, and while recognition of the most recent insertions depends on a special class of small RNAs, the oldest ones are correctly excised in their absence, implying other mechanisms. To investigate whether the recognition of older IESs could depend on a specific methylation profile in the germline genome, I did a functional study of several putative N6-adenine methyltransferases of the MT-A70 family, as well as of two proteins (SPPY1 and SPPY2) containing the characteristic motif IV of bacterial N4-cytosine methyltransferases. Depletion of SPPY1 by RNAi during autogamy affects the development of a functional new macronucleus, compromising the survival of the sexual progeny. The sequencing of these cells' genomes reveals that most TEs and IESs fail to be eliminated, and suggests that endoreplication cycles are blocked before the final ploidy is reached. However, the opposite is observed at a few loci that are normally eliminated, but here show a pronounced over-amplification instead. All of these loci begin with a common short sequence that appears to define the end of Hel6, one of the recently identified helitrons in the germline genome. Analysis of the mapped reads reveals that this over-amplification is due to extra-chromosomal molecules composed of tandem repeats of variable lengths, carrying circular-type junctions that are not present in the genome. While the link to possible DNA methylation remains to be investigated, these results suggest the existence of a circular excision and rollingcircle replication process in the developing macronucleus. This may have been domesticated from the helitrons for the benefit of the host, or may reflect a role for SPPY proteins in regulating the transposition of these elements
Carradec, Quentin. "Mécanismes et fonctions de la voie d'ARN interférence induite par ARN double brin chez Paramecium tetraurelia." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066161/document.
Full textThe ciliate Paramecium tetraurelia is an interesting model to study the diversity and evolution of RNA interference (RNAi) pathways. One of the vegetative RNAi pathways is induced by feeding cells with bacteria producing double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) homologous to a given gene, which is then post-transcriptionally silenced through the production of 23-nt siRNAs. A forward genetic screen allowed us to obtain Mendelian mutants deficient in dsRNA-induced RNAi, and mutated genes were identified by whole-genome resequencing. 6 genes were identified: one Dicer, two RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RDR1 et 2), one nucleotidyl-transferase (CID1) and two genes encoding novel poteins (PDS1 and 2). To study their roles in siRNA biosynthesis or action, we sequenced small RNAs from wild-type or mutants cells fed with a dsRNA homologous to a non-essential endogenous gene. Bioinformatic analyses showed that 'primary' siRNAs are produced from the bacterial dsRNA trigger, while 'secondary' siRNAs, predominantly of antisense polarity, are produced from the whole length of the targeted endogenous mRNA. While primary siRNA production requires all of the genes studied, the results only implicate RDR2 in the production of secondary siRNAs. Finally, I showed that some clusters of endogenous siRNAs depend on RDR1 and CID1, whereas others depend on RDR2. Paramecium was also shown to produce siRNAs that are antisense to bacterial ribosomal RNAs, suggesting new hypotheses about the possible natural functions of this pathway
Czubatinski, Lars. "Untersuchungen zur genetischen Transformation des obligaten Paramecium-Endosymbionten Caedibacter und zur Induzierbarkeit dessen RebC-Promotors." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=969963432.
Full textDamaj, Raghida. "Squelette membranaire chez Paramecium Tetraurelia : analyse structurale et fonctionnelle de la famille multigénique des épiplasmines." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00731002.
Full textПилипенко, Дар'я Михайлівна, М. А. Ракітянська, and А. І. Комаров. "Перспективи використання біотехнологічної тест-системи на основі культури Paramecium caudatum для скринінгу ліпосомальних форм антиоксидантів." Thesis, Національний університет біоресурсів і природокористування України, 2019. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/44572.
Full textValentine, Megan Smith. "Polycystin-2 (PKD2), Eccentric (XNTA), and Meckelin (MKS3) in the Ciliated Model Organism Paramecium tetraurelia." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2015. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/419.
Full textSingh, Deepankar Pratap. "Non-Mendelian inheritance of mating-type determination in Paramecium tetraurelia : Role of the scnRNA pathway." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066176.
Full textThis thesis presents a study of the molecular mechanisms underlying the determination of mating types in the ciliate Paramecium tetraurelia, and their non-Mendelian inheritance. The identification of mutations known to affect mating types reveals that type E depends on expression of the transmembrane protein mtA, which in turn requires the transcription factors mtB and mtC. Type O is determined by excision of the mtA promoter during the development of the somatic macronucleus from the germline micronucleus, a stage when the genome is entirely rearranged to eliminate transposable elements and their single-copy remnants. These deletions are targeted by scnRNAs, germline-derived small RNAs produced during meiosis that first scan the maternal macronuclear genome to identify missing sequences, and then allow the zygotic macronucleus to reproduce the same deletions. Excision of the mtA promoter is regulated by the scnRNA pathway, explaining the maternal inheritance of mating types. In the sibling species P. Septaurelia, mating-type genes are conserved but type O is determined by coding-sequence deletions in mtB. Three main conclusions are drawn from this study: (1) independent evolution of similar mechanisms in the two species suggests frequent exaptation of the scnRNA pathway to regulate cellular genes and to mediate epigenetic inheritance of phenotypic polymorphisms; (2) the mtF gene, required for type O determination, encodes a novel trans-acting factor involved in a subset of rearrangements; (3) an insertion polymorphism in the germline mtB gene reveals an unanticipated consequence of scnRNA-mediated deletions, potentially resulting in hybrid dysgenesis and speciation
LE, MOUEL ANNE. "Plasticite du genome chez paramecium aurelia : rearrangements programmes au cours de la differenciation du noyau somatique." Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066244.
Full textPrat, Annik. "Eyude comparee de deux alleles du gene de la proteine de surface g de paramecium primaurelia." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066492.
Full textPrat, Annik. "Etude comparée de deux allèles du gène de la protéine de surface G de Paramecium primaurelia." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37617714w.
Full textCarradec, Quentin. "Mécanismes et fonctions de la voie d'ARN interférence induite par ARN double brin chez Paramecium tetraurelia." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066161.
Full textThe ciliate Paramecium tetraurelia is an interesting model to study the diversity and evolution of RNA interference (RNAi) pathways. One of the vegetative RNAi pathways is induced by feeding cells with bacteria producing double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) homologous to a given gene, which is then post-transcriptionally silenced through the production of 23-nt siRNAs. A forward genetic screen allowed us to obtain Mendelian mutants deficient in dsRNA-induced RNAi, and mutated genes were identified by whole-genome resequencing. 6 genes were identified: one Dicer, two RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RDR1 et 2), one nucleotidyl-transferase (CID1) and two genes encoding novel poteins (PDS1 and 2). To study their roles in siRNA biosynthesis or action, we sequenced small RNAs from wild-type or mutants cells fed with a dsRNA homologous to a non-essential endogenous gene. Bioinformatic analyses showed that 'primary' siRNAs are produced from the bacterial dsRNA trigger, while 'secondary' siRNAs, predominantly of antisense polarity, are produced from the whole length of the targeted endogenous mRNA. While primary siRNA production requires all of the genes studied, the results only implicate RDR2 in the production of secondary siRNAs. Finally, I showed that some clusters of endogenous siRNAs depend on RDR1 and CID1, whereas others depend on RDR2. Paramecium was also shown to produce siRNAs that are antisense to bacterial ribosomal RNAs, suggesting new hypotheses about the possible natural functions of this pathway
Goût, Jean-François. "Les singularités du génome de la paramécie : un bon révélateur des mécanismes évolutifs à l’œuvre chez les êtres vivants." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10167.
Full textThis work presents a detailed analysis of the paramecium genome, with focusing more precisely on the 3 following topics : 1) The role of two distinct classes of small non-coding RNAs. The first one (siRNAs) being involved in post-transcriptional gene silencing while the other (scanRNAs) plays a crucial role during the massive genomic rearrangements that occur in ciliates after sexual reproduction (Lepère et al. 2009). 2) The evolution of duplicated genes following Whole-Genome Duplications (WGDs). Indeed, the paramecium genome contains evidences for 3 successive WGDs (Aury et al. 2006), which explains why this organisms is perfectly well suited for such an analysis. We show that retention of duplicated genes is strongly correlated to their expression level and we propose a model based on cost and benefit of gene expression to explain this pattern. 3) The analysis of the extremely tiny introns in paramecium (99% of introns are less than 20-33nt in length) revealed the presence of a translational control of splicing in eukaryotes. This work suggests that splicing errors are frequent and that eukaryotic cells rely on the Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay to detect aberrant transcripts produced by splicing errors (Jaillon et al. 2008). These analyses provide new insights on several evolutionary mechanisms that shape the genomes of eukaryotes
Nidelet, Thibault. "L'effet de la structuration spatiale et de l'hétérogénéité environnementale sur les interactions hôte-parasite : une approche d'évolution expérimentale et d'épidémiologie." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066365.
Full textGötz, Ulrike [Verfasser], and Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Simon. "Molekulargenetische Charakterisierung der Synthese und Stabilisierung Transgen-induzierter siRNAs in Paramecium tetraurelia / Ulrike Götz. Betreuer: Martin Simon." Kaiserslautern : Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1071547488/34.
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