Journal articles: 'Parameter block'

1

Zhang, Shuo, Dongqing Wang, and Feng Liu. "Separate block-based parameter estimation method for Hammerstein systems." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 6 (June 2018): 172194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.172194.

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Different from the output–input representation-based identification methods of two-block Hammerstein systems, this paper concerns a separate block-based parameter estimation method for each block of a two-block Hammerstein CARMA system, without combining the parameters of two parts together. The idea is to consider each block as a subsystem and to estimate the parameters of the nonlinear block and the linear block separately (interactively), by using two least-squares algorithms in one recursive step. The internal variable between the two blocks (the output of the nonlinear block, and also the input of the linear block) is replaced by different estimates: when estimating the parameters of the nonlinear part, the internal variable between the two blocks is computed by the linear function; when estimating the parameters of the linear part, the internal variable is computed by the nonlinear function. The proposed parameter estimation method possesses property of the higher computational efficiency compared with the previous over-parametrization method in which many redundant parameters need to be computed. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

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Li, Feng, Lianyu Chen, Songlin Wo, Shengquan Li, and Qingfeng Cao. "Modeling and parameter learning method for the Hammerstein–Wiener model with disturbance." Measurement and Control 53, no. 5-6 (April 13, 2020): 971–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020294020912790.

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In this paper, a novel modeling and parameter learning method for the Hammerstein–Wiener model with disturbance is proposed, and the Hammerstein–Wiener model is implemented to approximate complex nonlinear industrial processes. The proposed Hammerstein–Wiener model has two static nonlinear blocks represented by two independent neuro-fuzzy models that surround a dynamic linear block described by the finite impulse response model. The parameter learning method of the Hammerstein–Wiener model with disturbance can be summarized in the following three steps: First, the designed input signals are implemented to completely separate the parameter learning problem of output nonlinear block, linear block, and input nonlinear block. Meanwhile, the static output nonlinear block parameters can be learned based on input and output data of two sets of separable signals with different sizes. Second is to determine the dynamic linear block parameter using correlation analysis algorithm using one set of separable signal; thus, the process disturbance can be compensated by the calculation of correlation function. The final one is to achieve unbiased estimation of the static input nonlinear block parameters using least squares method according to the input–output data of random signal. Furthermore, with the parameter learning method, the proposed model can achieve less computation complexity and good robustness. The simulation results of two cases are provided to demonstrate the advantage of the proposed modeling and parameter learning method.

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Lin, Yin, and Anna Brown. "Influence of Context on Item Parameters in Forced-Choice Personality Assessments." Educational and Psychological Measurement 77, no. 3 (April 28, 2016): 389–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013164416646162.

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A fundamental assumption in computerized adaptive testing is that item parameters are invariant with respect to context—items surrounding the administered item. This assumption, however, may not hold in forced-choice (FC) assessments, where explicit comparisons are made between items included in the same block. We empirically examined the influence of context on item parameters by comparing parameter estimates from two FC instruments. The first instrument was composed of blocks of three items, whereas in the second, the context was manipulated by adding one item to each block, resulting in blocks of four. The item parameter estimates were highly similar. However, a small number of significant deviations were observed, confirming the importance of context when designing adaptive FC assessments. Two patterns of such deviations were identified, and methods to reduce their occurrences in an FC computerized adaptive testing setting were proposed. It was shown that with a small proportion of violations of the parameter invariance assumption, score estimation remained stable.

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Qi, Yumao, Junge Huang, Yu Liu, and Jian Pei. "Research on the Difference of Physical Parameters of Concrete in Saline-alkali Environment." E3S Web of Conferences 143 (2020): 01014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014301014.

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In order to better study the corrosion of concrete in saline-alkali area, the model tests of concrete and reinforced concrete with different ions and different ion concentrations were constructed. Taking the test blocks mixed with water as the control group, the resistance and polarizability of the test block during the maintenance period were measured by rock specimen tester and rock specimen test frame. The one-way variance analysis of the measured values of each test block was carried out by spss software, investigating the difference of electrical parameters of each concrete. The results show that there is significant difference in the resistance between the clear water concrete test block and the 3% sodium sulfate concrete test block at the level of significance ≤ 0.05. For reinforced concrete test blocks, the resistivity difference between water test block and 3% sodium sulfate test block and 6% sodium sulfate test block is not significant, and the resistivity difference between water test block and 15% sodium sulfate test block and 3% sodium chloride test block is significant. No matter concrete or reinforced concrete, the polarizability of test blocks mixed with water and test blocks mixed with each solution is significantly different. Therefore, the polarizability parameters can be used to distinguish whether the concrete is corroded by salt and alkali. It is feasible to use polarizability parameter to detect concrete erosion by salt and alkali.

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CHANG, CHEIN-I., MINGKAI HSUEH, WEIMIN LIU, CHAO-CHENG WU, FARZEEN CHAUDHRY, GREGORY SOLYAR, and ANTONIO PLAZA. "A PYRAMID-BASED BLOCK OF SKEWERS FOR PIXEL PURITY INDEX FOR ENDMEMBER EXTRACTION IN HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 18, no. 02 (June 2008): 469–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156408005497.

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Pixel Purity Index (PPI) has been widely used for endmember extraction. Recently, an approach using blocks of skewers was proposed by Theiler et al., called blocks of skewers (BOS) method, to improve computation of the PPI. It utilizes a block of skewers to reduce number of calculations of dot products operated by the PPI on each skewers with all data sample vectors. Unfortunately, the BOS method also suffers from the same drawbacks that the PPI does in terms of several parameters which are needed to be determined a priori. Besides, it also has an additional parameter, block size, B needed to be determined where no guideline is provided of how to select this parameter. In this paper, the BOS method is also investigated. Most importantly, a new pyramid-based block design for the BOS method is also introduced as opposed to the cube-based block designed used by Theiler et al.'s BOS. One major advantage of our proposed pyramid-based BOS over Theiler et al.'s cube-design BOS is the hardware design for Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) implementation.

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NING, JIANG, and JIANG JIONG. "Parameter or non-parameter identification of distributed parameter systems via block-pulse functions." International Journal of Systems Science 19, no. 6 (January 1988): 1039–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207728808547185.

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Tùng, Lưu Thanh. "Study on parameters on cutting AAC by wires." Science & Technology Development Journal - Engineering and Technology 4, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 730–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjet.v4i1.795.

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Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) is a Lightweight, Load-bearing, High-insulating, Durable building product, which is produced in a wide range of sizes and strengths. AAC Blocks is lightweight and when compared to the red bricks, AAC blocks are three times lighter. AAC block is rapidly developing in Vietnam. The block has more advantages such as precast, and easy installation. AAC is produced from the common materials: lime, sand, cement and water, and a small amount of rising agent. After mixing and molding, it is then autoclaved under heat and pressure to create its unique properties. Then, the AAC block will be cut into block brick by steel wire. When cutting the ACC block, the block brick surface must be smooth so that it is unnecessary to mortar. Furthermore, the roughness of the surface must be smaller than 0.1mm to paint the wall easily. The block dimension also need high precision so that the wall will be straight when blocks are superposed. However, in this paper, the roughness of the block surface will be only researched because the roughness will decide the cost, and the dimension decide the estheticism of wall. The block is made by using steel wires to cut big AAC blocks into small blocks. Effects of processing parameters on the performance of the steel wire sawing processes are wire speed, feed rate and tension. Each parameter will affect surface quality with different effects. In addition, these parameters affect each other, which causes scratches on the AAC surface. Experiments will be made to measure the height of roughness with the change of wire speed, feed rate and tension. The best parameters will be found, which helps the AAC manufacturer to obtain the higher quality.

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Liang, Chang-Hong, Yan Shi, and Tao Su. "S PARAMETER THEORY OF LOSSLESS BLOCK NETWORK." Progress In Electromagnetics Research 104 (2010): 253–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pier10022611.

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9

Xu, Shipu, Runlong Li, Yunsheng Wang, Yong Liu, Wenwen Hu, Yingjing Wu, Chenxi Zhang, Chang Liu, and Chao Ma. "Research and Verification of Convolutional Neural Network Lightweight in BCI." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2020 (August 1, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5916818.

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With the increasing of depth and complexity of the convolutional neural network, parameter dimensionality and volume of computing have greatly restricted its applications. Based on the SqueezeNet network structure, this study introduces a block convolution and uses channel shuffle between blocks to alleviate the information jam. The method is aimed at reducing the dimensionality of parameters of in an original network structure and improving the efficiency of network operation. The verification performance of the ORL dataset shows that the classification accuracy and convergence efficiency are not reduced or even slightly improved when the network parameters are reduced, which supports the validity of block convolution in structure lightweight. Moreover, using a classic CIFAR-10 dataset, this network decreases parameter dimensionality while accelerating computational processing, with excellent convergence stability and efficiency when the network accuracy is only reduced by 1.3%.

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Cho, J. H., and H. J. Seo. "Parameter optimization of SWMM for runoff quantity and quality calculation in a eutrophic lake watershed using a genetic algorithm." Water Supply 7, no. 5-6 (December 1, 2007): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2007.114.

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Currently, various calibration methods including manual and automatic ways have been used to calibrate rainfall-runoff models. This study used a genetic algorithm(GA) to accurately reflect the SWMM output of each parameter set for the parameter optimization and to reduce the possibility of local optimum solution. To integrate the SWMM and GA, subroutines in the SWMM source code were modified. A developed program was applied to the Jangcheon catchment in Youngrang Lake watershed. Parameters that sensitively affected the runoff flow and water quality calculation were determined using the GA. For runoff flow calculation, eight parameters in the runoff block and one parameter in the transport block were calibrated. Four parameters in the runoff block were also calibrated for the water quality calculation. The validated SWMM then estimated the runoff pollutant loads flowing into Youngrang Lake discharged from the Jangcheon catchment.

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11

ZHENG, WENJUN, and ZHIQIN ZHAO. "ANALYSIS OF BLOCK-SOR ITERATION FOR THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL LAPLACIAN." ANZIAM Journal 50, no. 4 (April 2009): 501–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1446181109000261.

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AbstractThe successive over-relaxation (SOR) iteration method for solving linear systems of equations depends upon a relaxation parameter. A well-known theory for determining this parameter was given by Young for consistently ordered matrices. In this paper, for the three-dimensional Laplacian, we introduce several compact difference schemes and analyse the block-SOR method for the resulting linear systems. Their optimum relaxation parameters are given for the first time. Analysis shows that the value of the optimum relaxation parameter of block-SOR iteration is very sensitive for compact stencils when solving the three-dimensional Laplacian. This paper provides a theoretical solution for determining the optimum relaxation parameter in real applications.

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Turuntaev, Sergey B., and Vasily Y. Riga. "Non-linear effects of pore pressure increase on seismic event generation in a multi-degree-of-freedom rate-and-state model of tectonic fault sliding." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 24, no. 2 (May 22, 2017): 215–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-24-215-2017.

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Abstract. The influence of fluid injection on tectonic fault sliding and seismic event generations was studied by a multi-degree-of-freedom rate-and-state friction model with a two-parametric friction law. A system of blocks (up to 25 blocks) elastically connected to each other and connected by elastic springs to a constant-velocity moving driver was considered. Variation of the pore pressure due to fluid injection led to variation of effective stress between the first block and the substrate. Initially the block system was in a steady-sliding state; then, its state was changed by the pore pressure increase. The influence of the model parameters (number of blocks, spring stiffness, velocity weakening parameter) on the seismicity variations was considered. Various slip patterns were obtained and analysed.

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Hanamoto, Tsuyoshi, Yoshiaki Tanaka, and Takuro Mochizuki. "A Parameter Estimation Method Using Block Pulse Functions." IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications 112, no. 7 (1992): 673–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejias.112.673.

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Navarro, F., M. J. Fadili, and C. Chesneau. "Adaptive parameter selection for block wavelet-thresholding deconvolution." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 46, no. 11 (2013): 495–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20130703-3-fr-4038.00148.

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Ahmadi, Mohammad Vali, Mahdi Doostparast, and Jafar Ahmadi. "Block censoring scheme with two-parameter exponential distribution." Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation 88, no. 7 (January 28, 2018): 1229–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00949655.2018.1426763.

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Zhiwei Xiong, Xiaoyan Sun, and Feng Wu. "Block-Based Image Compression With Parameter-Assistant Inpainting." IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 19, no. 6 (June 2010): 1651–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tip.2010.2044960.

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Kadlec, J., F. M. F. Gaston, and G. W. Irwin. "The block regularised parameter estimator and its parallelisation." Automatica 31, no. 8 (August 1995): 1125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-1098(95)00015-o.

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Kostić, S., N. Vasović, I. Franović, and K. Todorović. "Dynamics of simple earthquake model with time delay and variation of friction strength." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 20, no. 5 (October 29, 2013): 857–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-20-857-2013.

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Abstract. We examine the dynamical behaviour of the phenomenological Burridge–Knopoff-like model with one and two blocks, where the friction term is supplemented by the time delay τ and the variable friction strength c. Time delay is assumed to reflect the initial quiescent period of the fault healing, considered to be a function of history of sliding. Friction strength parameter is proposed to mimic the impact of fault gouge thickness on the rock friction. For the single-block model, interplay of the introduced parameters c and τ is found to give rise to oscillation death, which corresponds to aseismic creeping along the fault. In the case of two blocks, the action of c1, c2, τ1 and τ1 may result in several effects. If both blocks exhibit oscillatory motion without the included time delay and frictional strength parameter, the model undergoes transition to quasiperiodic motion if only c1 and c2 are introduced. The same type of behaviour is observed when τ1 and τ2 are varied under the condition c1 = c2. However, if c1, and τ1 are fixed such that the given block would lie at the equilibrium while c2 and τ2 are varied, the (c2, τ2) domains supporting quasiperiodic motion are interspersed with multiple domains admitting the stationary solution. On the other hand, if (c1, τ1) warrant oscillatory behaviour of one block, under variation of c2 and τ2 the system's dynamics is predominantly quasiperiodic, with only small pockets of (c2, τ2) parameter space admitting the periodic motion or equilibrium state. For this setup, one may also find a transient chaos-like behaviour, a point corroborated by the positive value of the maximal Lyapunov exponent for the corresponding time series.

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Lardies, Joseph. "Modal Parameter Identification from Output Data Only: Equivalent Approaches." Shock and Vibration 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/124932.

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The problem of modal parameter identification from output data only is presented. To identify the modal parameters different algorithms are presented: the block Hankel matrix and its shifted version and the block observability and block controllability matrices and their shifted version. These algorithms are derived from properties of the subspace approach. It is shown in the paper that these algorithms give the same results even in the noisy data case. Numerical and experimental results are presented showing the effectiveness of the procedure. In particular a microsystem constituted of a perforated microplate is analysed.

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Gavrilov, Alexey A., Alexander V. Chertovich, and Igor I. Potemkin. "Phase Behavior of Melts of Diblock-Copolymers with One Charged Block." Polymers 11, no. 6 (June 10, 2019): 1027. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11061027.

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In this work, we investigated the phase behavior of melts of block-copolymers with one charged block by means of dissipative particle dynamics with explicit electrostatic interactions. We assumed that all the Flory–Huggins χ parameters were equal to 0. We showed that the charge- correlation attraction solely can cause microphase separation with a long-range order; a phase diagram was constructed by varying the volume fraction of the uncharged block and the electrostatic interaction parameter λ (dimensionless Bjerrum length). The obtained phase diagram was compared to the phase diagram of “equivalent” neutral diblock-copolymers with the non-zero χ-parameter between the beads of different blocks. The neutral copolymers were constructed by grafting the counterions to the corresponding co-ions of the charged block with further switching off the electrostatic interactions. Surprisingly, the differences between these phase diagrams are rather subtle; the same phases in the same order are observed, and the positions of the order-disorder transition ODT points are similar if the λ-parameter is considered as an “effective” χ-parameter. Next, we studied the position of the ODT for lamellar structure depending on the chain length N. It turned out that while for the uncharged diblock copolymer the product χcrN was almost independent of N, for the diblock copolymers with one charged block we observed a significant increase in λcrN upon increasing N. This can be attributed to the fact that the counterion entropy prevents the formation of ordered structures, and its influence is more pronounced for longer chains since they undergo the transition to ordered structures at smaller values of λ, when the electrostatic energy becomes comparable to kbT. This was supported by studying the ODT in diblock-copolymers with charged blocks and counterions cross-linked to the charged monomer units. The ODT for such systems was observed at significantly lower values of λ, with the difference being more pronounced at longer chain lengths N. The fact that the microphase separation is observed even at zero Flory–Huggins parameter can be used for the creation of “high-χ” copolymers: The incorporation of charged groups (for example, ionic liquids) can significantly increase the segregation strength. The diffusion of counterions in the obtained ordered structures was studied and compared to the case of a system with the same number of charged groups but a homogeneous structure; the diffusion coefficient along the lamellar plane was found to be higher than in any direction in the homogeneous structure.

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Canali, Claudia, and Riccardo Lancellotti. "Parameter Tuning for Scalable Multi-Resource Server Consolidation in Cloud Systems." Journal of Communications Software and Systems 11, no. 4 (December 22, 2015): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.24138/jcomss.v11i4.94.

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Infrastructure as a Service cloud providers are increasingly relying on scalable and efficient Virtual Machines (VMs) placement as the main solution for reducing unnecessarycosts and wastes of physical resources. However, thecontinuous growth of the size of cloud data centers posesscalability challenges to find optimal placement solutions. The use of heuristics and simplified server consolidation models that partially discard information about the VMs behavior represents the typical approach to guarantee scalability, but at the expense of suboptimal placement solutions. A recently proposed alternative approach, namely Class-Based Placement (CBP), divides VMs in classes with similar behavior in terms of resource usage, and addresses scalability by considering a small-scale server consolidation problem that is replicated as a building block for the whole data center. However, the server consolidation model exploited by the CBP technique suffers from two main limitations. First, it considers only one VM resource (CPU) for the consolidation problem. Second, it does not analyze the impact of the number (and size) of building blocks to consider. Many small building blocks may reduce the overall VMs placement solution quality due to fragmentation of the physical server resources over blocks. On the other hand, few large building blocks may become computationally expensive to handle and may be unsolvable due to the problem complexity. This paper extends the CBP server consolidation model to take into account multiple resources. Furthermore, we analyze the impact of block size on the performance of the proposed consolidation model, and we present and compare multiple strategies to estimate the best number of blocks. Our proposal is validated through experimental results based on a real cloud computing data center.

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Kang, Yeong-Ah, Han-Ah Lee, Joseph Chang, Wonjoon Moon, Shin Hye Chung, and Bum-Soon Lim. "Color Stability of Dental Reinforced CAD/CAM Hybrid Composite Blocks Compared to Regular Blocks." Materials 13, no. 21 (October 22, 2020): 4722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13214722.

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This study compares the color stability of dental reinforced computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) hybrid composite blocks to that of regular blocks. One hundred fifty disc-type specimens (n = 15) were prepared from five sets of hybrid composite blocks (Cerasmart-200/Cerasmart-300, KZR-CAD HR/KZR-CAD HR3, Estelite Block/ Estelite-P Block, Avencia Block/Avencia-P Block, Mazic Duro/Duro Ace). The specimen color and translucency parameter (TP) were assessed using a spectrophotometer before and after immersion in staining solutions (water, 10% ethanol, simulated red wine). Changes in color (ΔE) and translucency (ΔTP) of specimens were calculated. The data were analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post hoc test (p < 0.05). Microstructural features of the hybrid composite blocks were also examined using FE-SEM. Immersion in deionized water or 10% ethanol made no significant color or translucency changes (except for Avencia-P Block); however, the simulated red wine caused significant changes to the color and translucency of almost all specimens, especially after 4 weeks of immersion. The reinforced hybrid blocks (except for Estelite-P Block and Duro Ace) showed lower color stability than corresponding regular blocks. Avencia-P Block showed significantly reduced color stability compared to Avencia Block. Even in deionized water and 10% ethanol, Avencia-P Block showed perceptible ΔE and decreased translucency. Estelite Block/ Estelite-P Block and Mazic Duro/Duro Ace showed better color stability than the other materials tested.

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Shan, Zuyao Y., Margaret J. Wright, Paul M. Thompson, Katie L. McMahon, Gabriella G. A. M. Blokland, Greig I. de Zubicaray, Nicholas G. Martin, Anna A. E. Vinkhuyzen, and David C. Reutens. "Modeling of the Hemodynamic Responses in Block Design fMRI Studies." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 34, no. 2 (November 20, 2013): 316–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2013.200.

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The hemodynamic response function (HRF) describes the local response of brain vasculature to functional activation. Accurate HRF modeling enables the investigation of cerebral blood flow regulation and improves our ability to interpret fMRI results. Block designs have been used extensively as fMRI paradigms because detection power is maximized; however, block designs are not optimal for HRF parameter estimation. Here we assessed the utility of block design fMRI data for HRF modeling. The trueness (relative deviation), precision (relative uncertainty), and identifiability (goodness-of-fit) of different HRF models were examined and test–retest reproducibility of HRF parameter estimates was assessed using computer simulations and fMRI data from 82 healthy young adult twins acquired on two occasions 3 to 4 months apart. The effects of systematically varying attributes of the block design paradigm were also examined. In our comparison of five HRF models, the model comprising the sum of two gamma functions with six free parameters had greatest parameter accuracy and identifiability. Hemodynamic response function height and time to peak were highly reproducible between studies and width was moderately reproducible but the reproducibility of onset time was low. This study established the feasibility and test–retest reliability of estimating HRF parameters using data from block design fMRI studies.

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Ther, Tamás, and László P. Kollár. "Dynamical similarity of multi-block catenary arches and rocking blocks subjected to horizontal base excitation." Nonlinear Dynamics 104, no. 3 (April 10, 2021): 2099–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11071-021-06415-1.

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AbstractIn this paper, the dynamical similarity of multi-block catenary arches and columns is discussed, which can be used for the simplified design of rocking arches. The basic hypothesis is that the dynamic response of multi-block arches and columns is similar when the shape of the arch follows the thrust line, i.e. it is a catenary arch. It is validated numerically that the responses of slender catenary arches are safe and reliable approximations of those of not slender arches and then that the overturning acceleration (response) spectra of rigid, slender monolithic blocks can be directly applied for catenary arches. The similarity is based on two parameters, on the limit peak ground acceleration (under which the structure will not move at all) and on the frequency parameter (defined by Housner for rigid blocks).

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Wegner, Kerstin, Florian Haas, Tobias Heckmann, Anne Mangeney, Virginie Durand, Nicolas Villeneuve, Philippe Kowalski, Aline Peltier, and Michael Becht. "Assessing the effect of lithological setting, block characteristics and slope topography on the runout length of rockfalls in the Alps and on the island of La Réunion." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 21, no. 3 (March 31, 2021): 1159–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-1159-2021.

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Abstract. In four study areas within different lithological settings and rockfall activity, lidar data were applied for a morphometric analysis of block sizes, block shapes and talus cone characteristics. This information was used to investigate the dependencies between block size, block shape and lithology on the one hand and runout distances on the other hand. In our study, we were able to show that lithology seems to have an influence on block size and shape and that gravitational sorting did not occur on all of the studied debris cones but that other parameters apparently control the runout length of boulders. Such a parameter seems to be the block shape, as it plays the role of a moderating parameter in two of the four study sites, while we could not confirm this for our other study sites. We also investigated the influence of terrain parameters such as slope inclination, profile curvature and roughness. The derived roughness values show a clear difference between the four study sites and seem to be a good proxy for block size distribution on the talus cones and thus could be used in further studies to analyse a larger sample of block size distribution on talus cones with different lithologies.

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Abe, Y., and N. Kato. "Intermittency of earthquake cycles in a model of a three-degree-of-freedom spring-block system." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 21, no. 4 (August 11, 2014): 841–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-21-841-2014.

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Abstract. We herein report the results of some numerical simulations of complex earthquake cycles using a three-degree-of-freedom spring-block model with a rate- and state-dependent friction law. The model consists of three blocks on a conveyor belt that is moving at a steady rate. Observed complex slip behaviour in the simulations is classified into five slip patterns, and for each of these the parameter dependence of the slip patterns is demonstrated by means of phase diagrams. Aperiodic slip patterns occur for wider ranges of the parameter space in the three-block system than in the two-block system. Chaotic slip behaviour known here as "intermittency" is found in the three-block system, in which two different slip patterns occur alternately with variable durations. By calculating Lyapunov exponents, we quantify the dependence of slip evolution on the initial conditions for each slip pattern. For cases where intermittent slip patterns occur, the time evolution of the Lyapunov exponent is correlated with changes in slip behaviour.

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Locquet, Jean-Pierre, and Erich Mächler. "Block-by-Block Deposition of Complex Oxide Films." MRS Bulletin 19, no. 9 (September 1994): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400047977.

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Since the discovery of superconductivity in layered cuprates there has been a strong desire to grow thin films of these materials in a so-called layer-by-layer manner, where each layer represents one atomic monolayer. There has been worldwide interest in this problem and numerous groups have invested time and equipment in an attempt, first, to grow the known materials using a sequential deposition technique so that the atomic monolayers are stacked artificially on top of one another in a sequence defined by the structure of the given unit cell, and second, to search for new stacking sequences of such atomic monolayers, thus making metastable compounds.Understanding the growth of thin films using any deposition technique requires information about two fundamental processes, the nucleation of a crystal and its growth. Both are strongly affected by the three thermodynamic parameters, temperature, pressure, and chemical potential (composition), at the growth front. The third parameter, the surface composition from which the desired compound can nucleate and propagate, probably provides the greatest degree of freedom in the growth process. The compositional phase diagrams of most cuprates show that several phases can coexist with the superconducting phase at a certain temperature and pressure. This is also the main reason why a widely changing surface composition, such as that present during layer-by-layer or block-by-block deposition, still produces high-quality thin films.

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Kim, Hanj-Jun, Young-Hyun Lee, Tae-Yup Song, Bon-Hwa Ku, and Han-Seok Ko. "Improved Block-based Background Modeling Using Adaptive Parameter Estimation." Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information 16, no. 4 (April 30, 2011): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.9708/jksci.2011.16.4.073.

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Evans, D. J., and Zhong-Zhi Bai. "Blockwise matrix multi-splitting multi-parameter block relaxation methods*." International Journal of Computer Mathematics 64, no. 1-2 (January 1997): 103–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207169708804578.

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Min, Moonsik. "On Regularization Parameter for Block Diagonalization with Limited Feedback." Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences 46, no. 7 (July 31, 2021): 1156–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7840/kics.2021.46.7.1156.

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Huang, TingZhu, GuangHui Cheng, and Liang Li. "New Block Triangular Preconditioners for Saddle Point Linear Systems with Highly Singular (1,1) Blocks." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2009 (2009): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/468965.

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We establish two types of block triangular preconditioners applied to the linear saddle point problems with the singular (1,1) block. These preconditioners are based on the results presented in the paper of Rees and Greif (2007). We study the spectral characteristics of the preconditioners and show that all eigenvalues of the preconditioned matrices are strongly clustered. The choice of the parameter is involved. Furthermore, we give the optimal parameter in practical. Finally, numerical experiments are also reported for illustrating the efficiency of the presented preconditioners.

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Summanen, A. V. "DEFECTIVE CYLINDER BLOCK OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES." System analysis and logistics 1, no. 27 (2021): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31799/2077-5687-2021-1-37-43.

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This article discusses the issues of assessing the technical condition of the cylinder block. The necessary parameters for assessing the technical condition of the cylinder block have been determined. How and how to measure and calculate this or that parameter is presented in detail. Methods for calculating the parameters are presented. A measurement scheme and a technique for constructing a wear diagram of the inner diameter of a cylinder are proposed in order to visually assess the wear and its appearance. The method for calculating the repair size is presented. The questions of the influence of these parameters on the operability of the cylinder block and the internal combustion engine as a whole are considered.

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Kobayashi, Tomohiro, Toshiya Nishiumi, and Noriko Umemiya. "Simplified Prediction Method of Vertical Temperature Distribution for Impinging Jet Ventilation System." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 01097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911101097.

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The impinging jet ventilation (IJV) system is an air-distributing strategy to generate a thermal stratification in a room by supplying the air vertically toward the floor, which provides higher ventilation effectiveness than mixing ventilation. To date, however, no simplified prediction model of indoor thermal environment for an impinging jet ventilated room has been established. Therefore, this study aims to propose a simplified calculation model based on “Block Model”. This paper first presents a parametric study using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), where total supply airflow rate of a test room is changed as a parameter. The number of terminal is also changed. Secondly, the paper presents the simplified calculation model of vertical temperature distribution based on block model that solves heat flow by advection and diffusion. Here, in this prediction model, the most important parameter is the turbulent thermal diffusivity between two room-space blocks in vertical direction. The room-space blocks are classified into two types, i.e., lower and upper part of a room. Based on parametric study using CFD, turbulent thermal diffusivity is arranged for lower and upper block respectively, and it is finally shown that the vertical temperature distribution from block model well agrees with CFD result.

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Sarkar, Debashish, and Ilya Tsvankin. "Migration velocity analysis in factorized VTI media." GEOPHYSICS 69, no. 3 (May 2004): 708–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1759457.

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One of the main challenges in anisotropic velocity analysis and imaging is simultaneous estimation of velocity gradients and anisotropic parameters from reflection data. Approximating the subsurface by a factorized VTI (transversely isotropic with a vertical symmetry axis) medium provides a convenient way of building vertically and laterally heterogeneous anisotropic models for prestack depthmigration. The algorithm for P‐wave migration velocity analysis (MVA) introduced here is designed for models composed of factorized VTI layers or blocks with constant vertical and lateral gradients in the vertical velocity VP0. The anisotropic MVA method is implemented as an iterative two‐step procedure that includes prestack depth migration (imaging step) followed by an update of the medium parameters (velocity‐analysis step). The residual moveout of the migrated events, which is minimized during the parameter updates, is described by a nonhyperbolic equation whose coefficients are determined by 2D semblance scanning. For piecewise‐factorized VTI media without significant dips in the overburden, the residual moveout of P‐wave events in image gathers is governed by four effective quantities in each block: (1) the normal‐moveout velocity Vnmo at a certain point within the block, (2) the vertical velocity gradient kz, (3) the combination kx[Formula: see text] of the lateral velocity gradient kx and the anisotropic parameter δ, and (4) the anellipticity parameter η. We show that all four parameters can be estimated from the residual moveout for at least two reflectors within a block sufficiently separated in depth. Inversion for the parameter η also requires using either long‐spread data (with the maximum offset‐to‐depth ratio no less than two) from horizontal interfaces or reflections from dipping interfaces. To find the depth scale of the section and build a model for prestack depth migration using the MVA results, the vertical velocity VP0 needs to be specified for at least a single point in each block. When no borehole information about VP0 is available, a well‐focused image can often be obtained by assuming that the vertical‐velocity field is continuous across layer boundaries. A synthetic test for a three‐layer model with a syncline structure confirms the accuracy of our MVA algorithm in estimating the interval parameters Vnmo, kz, kx, and η and illustrates the influence of errors in the vertical velocity on the image quality.

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Tor, Elaine, David L. Pease, and Kevin A. Ball. "The Reliability of an Instrumented Start Block Analysis System." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 31, no. 1 (February 2015): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2014-0155.

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The swimming start is highly influential to overall competition performance. Therefore, it is paramount to develop reliable methods to perform accurate biomechanical analysis of start performance for training and research. The Wetplate Analysis System is a custom-made force plate system developed by the Australian Institute of Sport—Aquatic Testing, Training and Research Unit (AIS ATTRU). This sophisticated system combines both force data and 2D digitization to measure a number of kinetic and kinematic parameter values in an attempt to evaluate start performance. Fourteen elite swimmers performed two maximal effort dives (performance was defined as time from start signal to 15 m) over two separate testing sessions. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were used to determine each parameter’s reliability. The kinetic parameters all had ICC greater than 0.9 except the time of peak vertical force (0.742). This may have been due to variations in movement initiation after the starting signal between trials. The kinematic and time parameters also had ICC greater than 0.9 apart from for the time of maximum depth (0.719). This parameter was lower due to the swimmers varying their depth between trials. Based on the high ICC scores for all parameters, the Wetplate Analysis System is suitable for biomechanical analysis of swimming starts.

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Zhang, Yu, Guangyi Wang, and Jiangtao Xu. "Parameter Estimation of Signal-Dependent Random Noise in CMOS/CCD Image Sensor Based on Numerical Characteristic of Mixed Poisson Noise Samples." Sensors 18, no. 7 (July 13, 2018): 2276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18072276.

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Parameter estimation of Poisson-Gaussian signal-dependent random noise in the complementary metal-oxide semiconductor/charge-coupled device image sensor is a significant step in eliminating noise. The existing estimation algorithms, which are based on finding homogeneous regions, acquire the pair of the variances of noise and the intensities of every homogeneous region to fit the linear or piecewise linear curve and ascertain the noise parameters accordingly. In contrast to the existing algorithms, in this study, the Poisson noise samples of all homogeneous regions in every block image are pieced together to constitute a larger sample following the mixed Poisson noise distribution; then, the mean and variance of the mixed Poisson noise sample are deduced. Next, the mapping function among the noise parameters to be estimated—variance of Poisson-Gaussian noise and that of Gaussian noise corresponding to the stitched region in every block image—is constructed. Finally, the unbiased estimations of noise parameters are calculated from the mapping functions of all the image blocks. The experimental results confirm that the proposed method can obtain lower mean absolute error values of estimated noise parameters than the conventional ones.

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Zhang, Jia Yi, Long Fei Zhao, and Yong Ping Hao. "Multi-Level Block Information Extraction in Engineering Drawings Based on Depth-First Algorithm." Advanced Materials Research 468-471 (February 2012): 2100–2103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.468-471.2100.

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The problem of multi-level block reference is analyzed for the process of information extraction in engineering drawings. And the relationship of reference blocks has been established. By using depth-first algorithm, the multi-level reference path of blocks and the parameter transformation can be searched. Based on the algorithm, an arithmetic flow is proposed. And the method of coordinate transformation of reference blocks is expounded. The new method has important significance for comprehensiveness and accuracy of information automatic extraction of engineering drawings which contains multi-level reference blocks.

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Lu, You, Zhiyuan Liu, and Bert Huang. "Block Belief Propagation for Parameter Learning in Markov Random Fields." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (July 17, 2019): 4448–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33014448.

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Traditional learning methods for training Markov random fields require doing inference over all variables to compute the likelihood gradient. The iteration complexity for those methods therefore scales with the size of the graphical models. In this paper, we propose block belief propagation learning (BBPL), which uses block-coordinate updates of approximate marginals to compute approximate gradients, removing the need to compute inference on the entire graphical model. Thus, the iteration complexity of BBPL does not scale with the size of the graphs. We prove that the method converges to the same solution as that obtained by using full inference per iteration, despite these approximations, and we empirically demonstrate its scalability improvements over standard training methods.

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Toe, David, Stéphane Lambert, Franck Bourrier, and Frédéric Berger. "Improving Rebound Models in 3D Rockfall Simulation Codes Used for the Design of Protection Embankments." Applied Mechanics and Materials 566 (June 2014): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.566.185.

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Rockfall propagation simulation models are widely used for assessing rockfall hazards as well as for the design of rockfall protection structures. This research work investigates the relevance of rockfall propagation models to assess rockfall hazard in the vicinity of embankments. In this article, particular focus is placed on the development of engineering oriented rebound models taking into account the shape of the block. Two different block impact modelling approaches are considered and compared. Small scale experiments involving blocks with different shapes impacting a small-scale embankment were conducted to provide data for calibrating the models. The trajectory of the blocks was tracked using a high speed camera (1000 fps) and an image processing algorithm was developed to extract the experimental trajectories. The two different approaches considered for modelling the impact of the block in the embankment vicinity were a probabilistic block impact model and a deterministic approach accounting for the block shape. In this latter case, the impact was calculated using an elasto-plastic contact model between the block and the slope surface. Both approaches succeed in simulating experimental results. Nevertheless the probabilistic model is limited by the introduction of the block shape parameter in the calculation while the deterministic approach seems to be limited in terms of computational efficiency.

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Yang, Yu Liang, Jun Qi Qin, Chang Chun Di, and Yan Feng Yang. "Structural Parameters Optimization of Waveform Generator Based on LS-SVM and Simulated Annealing Algorithm." Applied Mechanics and Materials 268-270 (December 2012): 871–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.268-270.871.

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For the structural design problem of waveform generator, selected diameter of rubber block, hardness and thickness of block 1 and block 2 as five design variables. Firstly, adopted orthogonal design method, and built initial sample data. Secondly, adopted LS-SVM to exercise the sample data, and selected regularization parameter and kernel function width of LS-SVM based on QPSO algorithm. Finally, optimized the structural parameters of waveform generator based on simulated annealing algorithm. The research provided a theoretic basis for the design of waveform generator.

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41

Shienyu, Wang, and Jiang Weisun. "Identification of Nonlinear Distributed Parameter Systems using Block Pulse Operator." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 18, no. 5 (July 1985): 803–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)60660-8.

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42

Zhu, Tiefeng. "Reliability estimation for two-parameter Weibull distribution under block censoring." Reliability Engineering & System Safety 203 (November 2020): 107071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2020.107071.

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43

Tang, Yinggan, Haifang Liu, Weiwei Wang, Qiusheng Lian, and Xinping Guan. "Parameter identification of fractional order systems using block pulse functions." Signal Processing 107 (February 2015): 272–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sigpro.2014.04.011.

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44

Laufer, S., and J. Snyders. "A short-coding error parameter for channels with block interference." IEEE Transactions on Communications 40, no. 2 (1992): 237–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/26.129184.

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Chen, Luning, Shuai Wang, Kaifa Zhou, Zhong Li, and Dongling Guo. "A Geometric Parameter Study of Re-Entrant Honeycomb Obstruction Block." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1622 (September 2020): 012109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1622/1/012109.

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46

Li, Feng, Yinsheng Luo, Naibao He, Ya Gu, and Qingfeng Cao. "Data-driven Learning Algorithm of Neural Fuzzy Based Hammerstein-Wiener System." Journal of Sensors 2021 (July 30, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8920329.

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A novel data-driven learning approach of nonlinear system represented by neural fuzzy Hammerstein-Wiener model is presented. The Hammerstein-Wiener system has two static nonlinear blocks represented by two independent neural fuzzy models surrounding a dynamic linear block described by finite impulse response model. The multisignal theory is designed for employing Hammerstein-Wiener system to separate parameter learning issues. To begin with, the output nonlinearity parameters are learned utilizing separable signal with different amplitudes. Furthermore, correlation analysis method is implemented for estimating linear block parameters using separable signal inputs and outputs; thereby, the interference of process noise is effectively handled. Finally, multi-innovation learning technology is introduced to improve system learning accuracy, and then, multi-innovation extended stochastic gradient algorithm is obtained for optimizing input nonlinearity and noise model using multi-innovation technique and gradient search method. The simulation results display that presented data-driven learning approach has the availability of learning Hammerstein-Wiener system.

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47

Lopez, Leandro Miguel, Charmae Franchesca Mendoza, Jordi Casademont, and Daniel Camps-Mur. "Understanding the Impact of the PC5 Resource Grid Design on the Capacity and Efficiency of LTE-V2X in Vehicular Networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2020 (June 1, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8156908.

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Vehicular communications will foster mobility services and enable mass adoption of future autonomous vehicles, interchanging huge amount of data acquired from vehicles’ sensors. 3GPP Release 14 presents the first standard for supporting V2X in LTE. Several enhancements are introduced, including a new arrangement of the physical resource grid, where subchannels are the minimum resource unit instead of Resource Blocks. The resource grid is defined by several design parameters, some of them with constraints imposed by 3GPP specifications, that affect the maximum message transmission rate and efficiency of the system. Moreover, the optimum choice of these parameters is closely linked to message length, which is another variable parameter. This paper provides an analysis of the relationship between these design parameters (Resource Block per Subchannel, Transport Block Size Index, and coding rate), message size, and the system’s maximum capacity and efficiency. In doing so, we do not consider channel reuse or radio transmission characteristics because the focus of this paper is trying to find the resource grid design parameters that optimize system capacity, which is a very important aspect to consider by V2X operators.

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Liang, Yuli, Dietrich von Rosen, and Tatjana von Rosen. "On estimation in multilevel models with block circular symmetric covariance structure." Acta et Commentationes Universitatis Tartuensis de Mathematica 16, no. 1 (September 25, 2012): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/acutm.2012.16.06.

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In this article we consider a multilevel model with block circular symmetric covariance structure. Maximum likelihood estimation of the parameters of this model is discussed. We show that explicit maximum likelihood estimators of variance components exist under certain restrictions on the parameter space.

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Liu, Huanyu, Jiaqi Liu, Junbao Li, Jeng-Shyang Pan, and Xiaqiong Yu. "PSR: Unified Framework of Parameter-Learning-Based MR Image Superresolution." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2021 (April 21, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5591660.

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Magnetic resonance imaging has significant applications for disease diagnosis. Due to the particularity of its imaging mechanism, hardware imaging suffers from resolution and reaches its limit, and higher radiation intensity and longer radiation time will cause damage to the human body. The problem is expected to be solved by a superresolution algorithm, especially the image superresolution based on sparse reconstruction has good performance. Dictionary generation is a key issue that affects the performance of superresolution algorithms, and dictionary performance is affected by dictionary construction parameters: balance parameters, dictionary size, overlapping block size, and a number of training sample blocks. In response to this problem, we propose an optimal dictionary construction parameter search method through the experiment to find the optimal dictionary construction parameters on the MR image and compare them with the dictionary obtained by multiple sets of random dictionary construction parameters. The dictionary we searched for the optimal parameters of the dictionary construction training has more powerful feature expressions, which can improve the superresolution effect of MR images.

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Yang, Biao, Jinmeng Cao, and Ling Zou. "Moving object detection based on on-line block-robust principal component analysis decomposition." Modern Physics Letters B 31, no. 19-21 (July 27, 2017): 1740040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984917400401.

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Robust principal component analysis (RPCA) decomposition is widely applied in moving object detection due to its ability in suppressing environmental noises while separating sparse foreground from low rank background. However, it may suffer from constant punishing parameters (resulting in confusion between foreground and background) and holistic processing of all input frames (leading to bad real-time performance). Improvements to these issues are studied in this paper. A block-RPCA decomposition approach was proposed to handle the confusion while separating foreground from background. Input frame was initially separated into blocks using three-frame difference. Then, punishing parameter of each block was computed by its motion saliency acquired based on selective spatio-temporal interesting points. Aiming to improve the real-time performance of the proposed method, an on-line solution to block-RPCA decomposition was utilized. Both qualitative and quantitative tests were implemented and the results indicate the superiority of our method to some state-of-the-art approaches in detection accuracy or real-time performance, or both of them.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Parameter block'

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