Journal articles: 'Parameters of glottal pulse'

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Cataldo, E., and D. Bahiano. "Stochastic models of glottal pulses from the Rosenberg and Liljencrants-Fant models with unified parameters." Computer Speech & Language 69 (September 2021): 101225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csl.2021.101225.

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Kametani, Jun. "Speaker recognition with glottal pulse‐shapes." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 94, no. 5 (November 1993): 3042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.407291.

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Skoglund, Jan. "Analysis and quantization of glottal pulse shapes." Speech Communication 24, no. 2 (May 1998): 133–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-6393(98)00008-9.

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van Dinther, R., R. Veldhuis, and A. Kohlrausch. "Perceptual aspects of glottal-pulse parameter variations." Speech Communication 46, no. 1 (May 2005): 95–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.specom.2005.01.005.

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Li, Sheng, Ronald C. Scherer, and Mingxi Wan. "Effects of Vertical Glottal Duct Length on Intraglottal Pressures in the Convergent Glottis." Applied Sciences 11, no. 10 (May 16, 2021): 4535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11104535.

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In a previous study, the vertical glottal duct length was examined for its influence on intraglottal pressures and other aerodynamic parameters in the uniform glottis [J Voice 32, 8–22 (2018)]. This study extends that work for convergent glottal angles, the shape of the glottis during the glottal opening phase of vocal fold vibration. The computational fluid dynamics code ANSYS Fluent 6.3 was used to obtain the pressure distributions and other aerodynamic parameters for laminar, incompressible, two-dimensional flow in a static vocal fold model. Four typical vertical glottal duct lengths (0.108, 0.308, 0.608, 0.908 cm) were selected for three minimal diameters (0.01, 0.04, 0.16 cm), three transglottal pressures (500, 1000, 1500 Pa), and three convergent glottal angles (−5°, −10°, −20°). The results suggest that a longer vertical glottal duct length increases the intraglottal pressures, decreases the glottal entrance loss coefficient, increases the transglottal pressure coefficient, causes a lower gradient of both the intraglottal flow velocity and the wall shear stress along the glottal wall—especially for low flows and small glottal minimal diameters—and has little effect on the exit pressure coefficient and volume flow. The vertical glottal duct length in the convergent glottis has important effects on phonation and should be well specified when building computational and physical models of the vocal folds.

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Mittal, Vikas, and R. K. Sharma. "Voice Signal Analysis with the Application in Biomedicine." Sensor Letters 18, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sl.2020.4187.

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Voice pathology is the result of improper vocal use. Poor vocal exercise and repeated laryngeal infection may lead to worse voice quality and vocal stresses. This work uses glottal signal parameters obtained from speakers of distinct ages to identify voice disorders. The parameters obtained from the glottal signal, Mel Frequency Cepstrum Coefficients (MFCCs) and combination of glottal and MFFCs are used for pathological voice classification. Support Vector Machine (SVM) and K-Nearest Neighbours (KNN) algorithms are used. Results show that best classification results are achieved using combinations of MFFCs and with glottal parameters including MOQ, which is a novel outcome and most important involvement of this study, with an average efficiency improvement of 3%.

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Noordzij, J. Pieter, and Peak Woo. "Glottal Area Waveform Analysis of Benign Vocal Fold Lesions before and after Surgery." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 109, no. 5 (May 2000): 441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348940010900501.

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Glottal area waveform (GAW) is the plot of relative glottal area versus time through 1 representative glottal cycle. It is derived from the quantitative analysis of the videostroboscopic image. A GAW analysis was performed on 24 patients before and after microlaryngeal phonosurgery. Patients with vocal fold polyps, polypoid degeneration, cysts, sulcus vocalis, and Reinke's edema were included. From each GAW, 5 parameters were determined and compared: maximum normalized glottal area, maximum opening rate, maximum closing rate, percent open time at 50% glottal opening, and glottal gap size. Statistically significant differences in postoperative states included an increased maximum glottal area, an increased maximum opening rate, and an increased maximum closing rate. Glottal opening and closing rate are objective measures of vocal fold pliability that have clinical relevance. The GAW may be used to quantitate vocal fold vibratory capability.

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Yamauchi, Akihito, Hisayuki Yokonishi, Hiroshi Imagawa, Ken-Ichi Sakakibara, Takaharu Nito, Niro Tayama, and Tatsuya Yamasoba. "Characterization of Vocal Fold Vibration in Sulcus Vocalis Using High-Speed Digital Imaging." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 60, no. 1 (January 2017): 24–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2016_jslhr-s-14-0285.

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Purpose The aim of the present study was to qualitatively and quantitatively characterize vocal fold vibrations in sulcus vocalis by high-speed digital imaging (HSDI) and to clarify the correlations between HSDI-derived parameters and traditional vocal parameters. Method HSDI was performed in 20 vocally healthy subjects (8 men and 12 women) and 41 patients with sulcus vocalis (33 men and 8 women). Then HSDI data were evaluated by assessing the visual–perceptual rating, digital kymography, and glottal area waveform. Results Patients with sulcus vocalis frequently had spindle-shaped glottal gaps and a decreased mucosal wave. Compared with the control group, the sulcus vocalis group showed higher open quotient as well as a shorter duration of the visible mucosal wave, a smaller speed index, and a smaller glottal area difference index ([maximal glottal area – minimal glottal area]/maximal glottal area). These parameters deteriorated in order of the control group and Type I, II, and III sulcus vocalis. There were no gender-related differences. Strong correlations were noted between the open quotient and the type of sulcus vocalis. Conclusions HSDI was an effective method for documenting the characteristics of vocal fold vibrations in patients with sulcus vocalis and estimating the severity of dysphonia.

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Mittal, Vikas, and R. K. Sharma. "Vocal Folds Analysis for Detection and Classification of Voice Disorder." International Journal of E-Health and Medical Communications 12, no. 4 (July 2021): 97–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijehmc.20210701.oa6.

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The detection and description of pathological voice are the most important applications of voice profiling. Currently, techniques like laryngostroboscopy or surgical microlarynoscopy are popularly used for the diagnosis of voice pathologies but are invasive in nature. Disorders of vocal folds impact the quality of voice, and therefore, the accuracy of voice profiling is reduced. This paper presents a better solution to differentiate normal and pathological voices based on the glottal, physical, and acoustic and equivalent electrical parameters. These parameters have been correlated using mathematical equations and models. Results reveal that the glottal flow is strongly influenced by physical parameters like stiffness and viscosity of vocal folds in case of pathological voice. However, their direct measurement requires complex invasive medical procedures or costly and complex electronic hardware arrangements in case of non-invasive methods. Glottal parameters, on the other hand, facilitate much simpler estimation of vocal folds disorders. In this work, the authors have presented two non-invasive approaches for better accuracy and least complexity for differentiating normal and pathological voices: 1) by using correlation of glottal and physical parameters, 2)by using acoustic and equivalent electrical parameters.

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Mittal, Vikas, and R. K. Sharma. "Classification of Pathological Voices Using Glottal Signal Parameters." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 16, no. 9 (September 1, 2019): 3999–4002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2019.8284.

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The discrimination of voice signals has numerous applications in diagnosing of pathologies related to voice. This paper discussed about the glottal signal that is bound to recognize two sorts of voice issue: Laryngitis and Laryngeal dystonia (LD). The parameters of the glottal signal fill in as contribution to classifiers that characterizes into three unique gatherings of speakers: speakers with Laryngitis; with laryngeal dystonia (LD); lastly speakers with healthy voices. The database is made out of voice accounts containing tests of three gatherings. The classifiers SVM provided 60%, KNN provided 70% and Ensemble provided 80% classification accuracy in the case of Laryngitis. Voice signals of patients affected with Laryngeal dystonia were also collected and tested with same classifiers and the Accuracy of 90%, 80% and 50% were obtained with SVM, KNN and Ensemble respectively.

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Kuo, Chung-Feng Jeffrey, Joseph Kuo, Shang-Wun Hsiao, Chi-Lung Lee, Jih-Chin Lee, and Bo-Han Ke. "Automatic and quantitative measurement of laryngeal video stroboscopic images." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 231, no. 1 (December 21, 2016): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954411916679200.

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The laryngeal video stroboscope is an important instrument for physicians to analyze abnormalities and diseases in the glottal area. Stroboscope has been widely used around the world. However, without quantized indices, physicians can only make subjective judgment on glottal images. We designed a new laser projection marking module and applied it onto the laryngeal video stroboscope to provide scale conversion reference parameters for glottal imaging and to convert the physiological parameters of glottis. Image processing technology was used to segment the important image regions of interest. Information of the glottis was quantified, and the vocal fold image segmentation system was completed to assist clinical diagnosis and increase accuracy. Regarding image processing, histogram equalization was used to enhance glottis image contrast. The center weighted median filters image noise while retaining the texture of the glottal image. Statistical threshold determination was used for automatic segmentation of a glottal image. As the glottis image contains saliva and light spots, which are classified as the noise of the image, noise was eliminated by erosion, expansion, disconnection, and closure techniques to highlight the vocal area. We also used image processing to automatically identify an image of vocal fold region in order to quantify information from the glottal image, such as glottal area, vocal fold perimeter, vocal fold length, glottal width, and vocal fold angle. The quantized glottis image database was created to assist physicians in diagnosing glottis diseases more objectively.

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Hosom, John-Paul. "Speech analysis apparatus for extracting glottal source parameters and formant parameters." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 102, no. 2 (August 1997): 682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.421031.

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Hertegård, Stellan, and Jan Gauffin. "Glottal Area and Vibratory Patterns Studied With Simultaneous Stroboscopy, Flow Glottography, and Electroglottography." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 38, no. 1 (February 1995): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3801.85.

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The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between variations in glottal area and vibratory patterns during phonation studied with stroboscopy and glottographic methods. Two normal speaking male and three female subjects were examined by means of simultaneous stroboscopy, flow glottography, and electroglottography. Estimations were made of the glottal area from pressure and flow data using the formula described by van den Berg. Significant correlations were found for the male phonations between estimations and measurements of the minimum glottal area (glottal insufficiency). Estimations of the peak glottal area were also significantly correlated to measured peak glottal area for values below 25 mm 2 . The estimated minimum area tended to be higher, whereas the estimated peak area values were lower than the corresponding glottal area measurements. This might be explained by variations in glottal and supraglottal geometry for different modes of phonation and by sub- and supraglottal acoustic interaction. Several glottographic parameters for the male phonations were highly correlated with the measurements of glottal insufficiency and also differed significantly between normal, pressed, and breathy hypofunctional modes of phonation. The presence of a hump in the first part of the closed phase for the flow glottogram seems to indicate that a clearly visible mucosal wave is present during vocal fold vibration.

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Zhang, Yang, Xudong Zheng, and Qian Xue. "A Deep Neural Network Based Glottal Flow Model for Predicting Fluid-Structure Interactions during Voice Production." Applied Sciences 10, no. 2 (January 19, 2020): 705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10020705.

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This paper proposes a machine-learning based reduced-order model that can provide fast and accurate prediction of the glottal flow during voice production. The model is based on the Bernoulli equation with a viscous loss term predicted by a deep neural network (DNN) model. The training data of the DNN model is a Navier-Stokes (N-S) equation-based three-dimensional simulation of glottal flows in various glottal shapes generated by a synthetic shape function, which can be obtained by superimposing the instantaneous modal displacements during vibration on the prephonatory geometry of the glottal shape. The input parameters of the DNN model are the geometric and flow parameters extracted from discretized cross sections of the glottal shapes and the output target is the corresponding flow resistance coefficient. With this trained DNN-Bernoulli model, the flow resistance coefficient as well as the flow rate and pressure distribution in any given glottal shape generated by the synthetic shape function can be predicted. The model is further coupled with a finite-element method based solid dynamics solver for simulating fluid-structure interactions (FSI). The prediction performance of the model for both static shape and FSI simulations is evaluated by comparing the solutions to those obtained by the Bernoulli and N-S model. The model shows a good prediction performance in accuracy and efficiency, suggesting a promise for future clinical use.

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Narendra, N P, and Paavo Alku. "Automatic intelligibility assessment of dysarthric speech using glottal parameters." Speech Communication 123 (October 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.specom.2020.06.003.

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Ikuma, Takeshi, Andrew J. McWhorter, Lacey Adkins, and Melda Kunduk. "Development of Parameters towards Voice Bifurcations." Applied Sciences 11, no. 12 (June 12, 2021): 5469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11125469.

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Pathological vocal folds are known to exhibit multiple oscillation patterns, depending on tissue imbalance, subglottal pressure level, and other factors. This includes mid-phonation changes due to bifurcations in the underlying voice source system. Knowledge of when changes in oscillation patterns occur is helpful in the assessments of voice disorders, and the knowledge could be transformed into useful objective measures. Mid-phonation bifurcations can occur in rapid succession; hence, a fast classification of oscillation pattern is critical to minimize the averaging of data across bifurcations. This paper proposes frequency-ratio based short-term measures, named harmonic disturbance factor (HDF) and biphonic index (BI), towards the detection of the bifurcations. For the evaluation of HDF and BI, a frequency selection algorithm for glottal source signals is devised, and its efficacy is demonstrated with the glottal area waveforms of four cases, representing the wide range of oscillatory behaviors. The HDF and BI exhibit clear transitions when the voice bifurcations are apparent in the spectrograms. The presented proof-of-concept experiment’s outcomes warrant a larger scale study to formalize the parameters of the frequency selection algorithm.

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Cielo, Carla Aparecida, Karine Schwarz, Leila Susana Finger, Joziane Moraes Lima, and Mara Keli Christmann. "Glottal Closure in Women with No Voice Complaints or Laryngeal Disorders." International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology 23, no. 04 (May 28, 2019): e384-e388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1676108.

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Introduction The understanding of normal vocal production is essential to guide any voice professional as it is fundamental to understand the effects of the posterior glottal gap on the vocal quality. Objective The aim of the present study was to verify the association between glottic closure, acoustic parameters, and some characteristics of the videolaryngostroboscopy of young women without vocal complaints nor laryngeal disorders. Methods This is a cross-sectional study with 56 women between 20 and 30 years old who underwent videolaryngostroboscopy. The acoustic parameters of the vowel /a:/ were analyzed using the Praat software, Release 4.6.10 (Paul Boersman and David Weenik, Amsterdam, Netherlands). Statistical Analysis The chi-squared, Fischer, and Kruskall-Wallis tests were applied, with 5% significance. Results Significant occurrence of posterior glottal gap (85.71%, p < 0.001), of normal vocal folds vibration amplitude (82.14%, p < 0.001), and of absence of significant constriction of the laryngeal vestibule (98.21%, p < 0.001); no significant association of the glottic closure with the vocal acoustic parameters; no significant association of glottic closure, vocal folds vibration amplitude, and constriction of the laryngeal vestibule. Conclusion There was a predominance of posterior glottal gap, normal vocal folds vibration amplitude, and absence of laryngeal vestibule constriction, and no relation with the acoustic parameters, suggesting that the posterior glottal gap did not generate impact on the vocal production of the young adult women studied.

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van Dinther, R., A. Kohlrausch, and R. Veldhuis. "A method for analysing the perceptual relevance of glottal-pulse parameter variations." Speech Communication 42, no. 2 (February 2004): 175–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.specom.2003.07.002.

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Lucena, Alexandre M., Mario Minami, and Miguel A. Ramirez. "Reconstruction of the glottal pulse using a subband technique on kazoo recordings." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 144, no. 3 (September 2018): 1908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.5068364.

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Forero M., Leonardo A., Manoela Kohler, Marley M. B. R. Vellasco, and Edson Cataldo. "Analysis and Classification of Voice Pathologies Using Glottal Signal Parameters." Journal of Voice 30, no. 5 (September 2016): 549–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.06.010.

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Lundy, Donna, Roy R. Casiano, Mario Alberto Landera, and Michael Bublik. "S191 – Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis: Medialization Results." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 139, no. 2_suppl (August 2008): P191—P192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2008.05.365.

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Objectives Management of glottal insufficiency due to unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) has evolved from trans-oral injection to external thyroplasty to revisited injections (transoral or transcutaneous). Currently, preference is given to the less invasive injection medialization. Multiple injectable materials have been utilized with newer ones being introduced to manage concerns over permanency and vocal fold vibratory patterns. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the long-term results of injection medialization for UVFP in terms of stability of glottal closure and voice outcome vs. need for reinjection. Methods All patients with UVFP that underwent injection medialization and had follow-up studies more than 6 months were eligible for inclusion. Parameters studied included demographic data (age, gender), side of paralysis, etiology, degree of pre-injection glottal insufficiency, length of follow-up, degree of post-injection glottal closure, mucosal wave resolution, and Voice Handicap Index. Results 146 patients were identified with a mean age of 61.7 years (17–94); males (55%) and females (45%). Etiology was idiopathic (56%); iatrogenic (48%); tumor-related (9%); trauma (3%); and neurologic (2%). Degree of glottal insufficiency was mild (21%); moderate (29%); and severe (50%). Material injected was Cymetra in 80 patients and Radiesse in 66 patients. 45 (33%) patients underwent more than 1 injection. Details of patients requiring repeat injections with regards to the material injected and the other parameters will be presented. Conclusions Injection medialization via a transcutaneous approach has long-lasting results making it an appropriate minimally-invasive option for long-term medialization for UVFP.

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Omori, Koichi, Hisayoshi Kojima, David H. Slavit, Ashutosh Kacker, Carlos Matos, and Stanley M. Blaugrund. "Vocal Fold Atrophy: Quantitative Glottic Measurement and Vocal Function." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 106, no. 7 (July 1997): 544–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949710600702.

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Videostroboscopic glottic measurements and vocal function were evaluated in 41 vocal fold atrophy patients with bowed vocal folds. The amount of bowing in the resting position and the glottal gap area and vibratory amplitude during phonation were measured from digitized videostroboscopic images. Vibratory amplitude was not decreased on atrophic vocal folds. With the same amount of total bowing, the glottal gap area for bilateral atrophy was smaller than for unilateral atrophy. These results suggest that vocal fold atrophy is not disadvantageous to thyroplasty type I, and that bilateral procedures may produce a better outcome than a unilateral procedure in the treatment of bilateral atrophy. Acoustic, aerodynamic, and perceptual parameters of vocal function were measured. The acoustic high-frequency power ratio and the H-index correlated with the glottal gap area. The mean flow rate correlated with the amount of bowing. The degree of dysphonia was related to the size of the glottal gap and bowing.

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Dahmani, Mohamed, and Mhania Guerti. "Recurrence Quantification Analysis of Glottal Signal as non Linear Tool for Pathological Voice Assessment and Classification." International Arab Journal of Information Technology 17, no. 6 (November 1, 2020): 857–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.34028/iajit/17/6/4.

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Automatic detection and assessment of Vocal Folds pathologies using signal processing techniques knows an extensively challenge use in the voice or speech research community. This paper contributes the application of the Recurrence Quantification Analysis (RQA) to a glottal signal waveform in order to evaluate the dynamic process of Vocal Folds (VFs) for diagnosis and classify the voice disorders. The proposed solution starts by extracting the glottal signal waveform from the voice signal through an inverse filtering algorithm. In the next step, the parameters of RQA are determined via the Recurrent Plot (RP) structure of the glottal signal where the normal voice is considered as a reference. Finally, these parameters are used as input features set of a hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization-Support Vector Machines (PSO-SVM) algorithms to segregate between normal and pathological voices. For the test validation, we have adopted the collection of Saarbrucken Voice Database (SVD) where we have selected the long vowel /a:/ of 133 normal samples and 260 pathological samples uttered by four groups of subjects : persons having suffered from vocal folds paralysis, persons having vocal folds polyps, persons having spasmodic dysphonia and normal voices. The obtained results show the effectiveness of RQA applied to the glottal signal as a features extraction technique. Indeed, the PSO-SVM as a classification method presented an effective tool for assessment and diagnosis of pathological voices with an accuracy of 97.41%

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Reix, Philippe, Julie Arsenault, Valérie Dôme, Pierre-Hugues Fortier, Joëlle Rouillard Lafond, François Moreau-Bussière, Dominique Dorion, and Jean-Paul Praud. "Active glottal closure during central apneas limits oxygen desaturation in premature lambs." Journal of Applied Physiology 94, no. 5 (May 1, 2003): 1949–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00783.2002.

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Our laboratory previously reported that active glottal closure was present in 90% of spontaneous central apneas in premature lambs while maintaining a high-apneic lung volume (Renolleau S, Letourneau P, Niyonsenga T, and Praud JP. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 159: 1396–1404, 1999.) The present study aimed at testing whether this mechanism limits postapnea oxygen desaturation. Four premature lambs were instrumented for recording states of alertness, thyroarytenoid muscle and diaphragm electromyographic (EMG) activity, nasal airflow, lung volume changes, and pulse oximetry. One thousand four hundred fifty-two spontaneous central apneas (isolated or during periodic breathing) were analyzed in nonsedated lambs. Apneas, with high lung volume maintained by active glottal closure, were compared with apneas, with a tracheostomy opened at apnea onset. Oxygen desaturation slopes were lower when high-apneic lung volume was actively maintained during both wakefulness and quiet sleep. Furthermore, oxygen desaturation slopes were lower after isolated apneas with continuous thyroarytenoid EMG during wakefulness, compared with apneas with noncontinuous thyroarytenoid EMG (= glottis opened shortly after apnea onset). These results highlight the importance of maintaining high-alveolar oxygen stores during central apneas by active glottal closure to limit desaturation in newborns.

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Lim, Marilyn, Emily Lin, and Philip Bones. "Vowel Effect on Glottal Parameters and the Magnitude of Jaw Opening." Journal of Voice 20, no. 1 (March 2006): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2004.09.003.

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Forero Mendoza, Leonardo A., Edson Cataldo, Marley M. B. R. Vellasco, Marco A. Silva, and José A. Apolinário. "Classification of Vocal Aging Using Parameters Extracted From the Glottal Signal." Journal of Voice 28, no. 5 (September 2014): 532–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2014.02.001.

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Doellinger, M., and D. A. Berry. "Hemilarynx experiments: Statistical analysis of vibrational parameters over changing glottal conditions." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 130, no. 4 (October 2011): 2440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3654787.

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Smith, Marshall E., Gerald S. Berke, Bruce R. Gerratt, and Jody Kreiman. "Laryngeal Paralyses." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 35, no. 3 (June 1992): 545–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3503.545.

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The neurological causes of vocal fold paralyses have been well documented. However, the effect of these disorders on laryngeal vibration is not well understood. A theoretical four-mass model of the larynx, based on the work of Ishizaka and Isshiki (1976) and Koizumi, Taniguchi, and Hiromitsu (1987), was developed and adapted to simulate laryngeal biomechanical behavior. The model was used to evaluate various states of asymmetric laryngeal vibration. Input parameters that relate observed laryngeal function and model simulation were developed. Laryngeal paralyses were simulated by their predicted effect on these parameters. Simulations were compared with available data on glottal vibration in laryngeal paralyses. Complex modes of vibration were seen with certain combinations of asymmetrical lower mass stiffness and initial glottal gap.

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Hapner, Edie Renee, Mary Gorham-Rowan, Richard J. Morris, and Linda P. Fowler. "S190 – Voice Spectral Analysis After Surface Electrical Stimulation." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 139, no. 2_suppl (August 2008): P139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2008.05.364.

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Objectives The purpose of this study was to measure changes in vocal fold closure associated with surface electrical stimulation (VitalStim®). Methods 30 participants, 15 male and 15 female, ages 20–56 years, were included in the study. Participants underwent 1 hour of surface electrical stimulation, per guidelines reported in the VitalStim® manual. 3 trials of the vowel /ae/ were analyzed pre- and post-stimulation. Indirect estimates of glottal closure were obtained from the recorded vowels, as follows: 1) H1–H2: the amplitude of the first harmonic to the second harmonic (open quotient); 2) H1–A1: the ratio of the amplitude of the first harmonic to the amplitude of the first formant (glottal width); and 3) H1–A3: the ratio of the amplitude of the first harmonic to the amplitude of the third formant (spectral tilt). Results The direction and magnitude of change for all 3 parameters varied widely across participants. No significant difference occurred pre- vs. post-stimulation for any of the parameters. Conclusions VitalStim® did not systematically affect open quotient, glottal width, or spectral tilt. These results do not support the concept that VitalStim® has a direct effect upon vocal fold closure.

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Sapienza, Christine M., and Jeniffer Dutka. "Glottal Airflow Characteristics of Women's Voice Production Along an Aging Continuum." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 39, no. 2 (April 1996): 322–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3902.322.

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Anatomical and physiological changes of the speech production mechanism that occur with aging may result in phonatory distinctions between older and younger speakers. This investigation examined amplitude-based glottal airflow characteristics from sustained vowel production in healthy adult women. Sixty women participated in this study, 10 each in six age groups of 20-, 30-, 40-, 50-, 60-, and 70-year-olds. Measures included peak, alternating, and minimum glottal airflow. Additionally, a ratio of minimum to peak glottal airflow was calculated. Results from an analysis of variance indicated no significant group mean difference for any of the dependent measures. A greater variability in peak glottal airflow for the 70-year-old age group as compared to the 20-year-old age group was found. None of the dependent variables were significantly related to age and therefore were not good predictors of age. The results imply that laryngeal senescence in healthy women may not be significant enough to affect the magnitude of phonatory function parameters. Either the assumed anatomical changes produce less significant phonatory change in the healthy individual or the healthy individual is more capable of using strategies to counteract degenerative laryngeal changes.

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Mittal, Vikas, and R. K. Sharma. "Classification of Parkinson Disease Based on Analysis and Synthesis of Voice Signal." International Journal of Healthcare Information Systems and Informatics 16, no. 4 (October 2021): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijhisi.20211001.oa30.

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The most important application of voice profiling is pathological voice detection. Parkinson's disease is a chronic neurological degenerative disease affecting the central nervous system responsible for essentially progressive evolution movement disorders. 70% to 90% of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients show an affected voice. This paper proposes a methodology for PD based on acoustic, glottal, physical, and electrical parameters. The results show that the acoustic parameter is more important in the case of Parkinson’s disease as compared to glottal and physical parameters. The authors achieved 97.2% accuracy to differentiate Parkinson and healthy voice using jitter to pitch ratio proposed algorithm. The Authors also proposed an algorithm of poles calculation of the vocal tract to find formants of the vocal tract. Further, formants are used for finding the transfer function of vocal tract filter. In the end, the authors suggested parameters of the electrical vocal tract model are also changed in the case of PD voices.

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Bouzid, Aicha, and Noureddine Elouze. "Electroglottographic Measures Based on GCI and GOI Detection Using Multiscale Product." International Journal of Computers Communications & Control 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2008): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.15837/ijccc.2008.1.2371.

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This paper deals with glottal parameter estimation such as local pitch and open quotient from electroglottographic signal (EGG). This estimation is based on glottal closing instants and glottal opening instants determined by a multi-scale product of this signal. Wavelet transform of EGG signal is made with a quadratic spline function. Wavelet coefficients calculated on different dyadic scales, show modulus maxima at localized discontinuities of EGG signal. The detected maxima and minima correspond to the glottal opening and closing instants called GOIs and GCIs. To improve the estimate precision, we operate the multi-scale product of wavelet transform coefficients of three successive dyadic scales. This processing enhances edge detection. A Multi-scale product is a nonlinear combination of successive scales; it reduces noise and spurious peaks. We apply cubic root amplitude on the product to improve the representation of weak amplitudes. The method has a good representation of GCI and a best detection of GOI. The method was tested on the Keele University database; it is effective and robust in multiple cases even for a typical signal showing undetermined GOIs and multiple peaks at GCIs. Finally precise measurement of these instants allows accurate estimation of prosodic parameters as local pitch and open quotient.

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Hillman, Robert E., Eva B. Holmberg, Joseph S. Perkell, Michael Walsh, and Charles Vaughan. "Objective Assessment of Vocal Hyperfunction." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 32, no. 2 (June 1989): 373–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3202.373.

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This report describes the experimental design and initial results of an ongoing clinical investigation of voice disorders. Its major focus is the development and use of quantitative measures to provide objective descriptions of conditions referred to as "vocal hyperfunction." The experimental design for this project is based on a descriptive theoretical framework, which holds that there are different types and stages of hyperfunctionally related voice disorders. Data consist of indirect measures derived from noninvasive aerodynamic and acoustic recordings including (a) parameters derived from inverse filtered approximations of the glottal air flow waveform; (b) estimates of transglottal pressure, average glottal air flow, glottal resistance and vocal efficiency; and (c) measures of vocal intensity and fundamental frequency. Initial results (based on comparisons among 15 voice patients and 45 normal speakers) support major assumptions that underlie the theoretical framework, and indicate that the measurement approach being utilized is capable of differentiating hyperfunctional from normal voices and hyperfunctional conditions from one another. Organic manifestations of vocal hyperfunction (nodules, polyps, contact ulcers) are accompanied by abnormally high values for the glottal waveform parameters of AC flow and maximum flow declination rate, suggesting increased potential for vocal fold trauma due to high vocal fold closure velocities and collision forces. In contrast, nonorganic manifestations of hyperfunction (functional disorders) tend to be associated with abnormally high levels of unmodulated DC flow, without high values for AC flow and maximum flow declination rate, suggesting reduced potential for vocal fold trauma. Measures also suggest different underlying mechanisms for nodules and polyps as compared to contact ulcers. Results are discussed relative to predictions based on the theoretical framework for vocal hyperfunction.

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Manjunatha, Usha, Jayashree S. Bhat, Kumar B. Radish, Gagan Bajaj, Poovitha Shruthi, Priyanka Suresh Nayak, and Saniya Mariam Rasheeka. "Effect of Bhramari Pranayama on the Acoustic and Aerodynamic Parameters of Voice in Normophonic Females." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2018 (August 6, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4176803.

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Summary. Objective. Pranayama is known for improving various health conditions. The present study is aimed at investigating the effects of bhramari pranayama on aerodynamic and acoustic parameters of voice in healthy individuals. Study Design. This is a pretest-posttest design study. Methods. A total of 24 participants in the age range of 20 to 25 years completed the bhramari pranayama regimen for 30 sessions. Aerodynamic and acoustic assessments were done before and after pranayama sessions. Maximum phonation duration, pitch, loudness, subglottal pressure, glottal airflow, laryngeal resistance and conductance along with acoustical parameters such as average F0, jitter, and shimmer, soft phonation index, noise to harmonic ratio, cepstral peak prominence, and smoothened cepstral peak prominence were analysed. Results. The results revealed significant improvement in the maximum phonation duration, glottal airflow and pressure, average fundamental frequency, and cepstral peak prominence after practice suggesting that it has an effect on voice parameters. Conclusion. Bhramari pranayama is effective in improving the acoustic and aerodynamic parameters of voice. The same needs to be investigated in hyper- and hypofunctional voice disorders in the future studies.

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Schlegel, Patrick, Andreas M. Kist, Melda Kunduk, Stephan Dürr, Michael Döllinger, and Anne Schützenberger. "Interdependencies between acoustic and high-speed videoendoscopy parameters." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 2, 2021): e0246136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246136.

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In voice research, uncovering relations between the oscillating vocal folds, being the sound source of phonation, and the resulting perceived acoustic signal are of great interest. This is especially the case in the context of voice disorders, such as functional dysphonia (FD). We investigated 250 high-speed videoendoscopy (HSV) recordings with simultaneously recorded acoustic signals (124 healthy females, 60 FD females, 44 healthy males, 22 FD males). 35 glottal area waveform (GAW) parameters and 14 acoustic parameters were calculated for each recording. Linear and non-linear relations between GAW and acoustic parameters were investigated using Pearson correlation coefficients (PCC) and distance correlation coefficients (DCC). Further, norm values for parameters obtained from 250 ms long sustained phonation data (vowel /i/) were provided. 26 PCCs in females (5.3%) and 8 in males (1.6%) were found to be statistically significant (|corr.| ≥ 0.3). Only minor differences were found between PCCs and DCCs, indicating presence of weak non-linear dependencies between parameters. Fundamental frequency was involved in the majority of all relevant PCCs between GAW and acoustic parameters (19 in females and 7 in males). The most distinct difference between correlations in females and males was found for the parameterPeriod Variability Index. The study shows only weak relations between investigated acoustic and GAW-parameters. This indicates that the reduction of the complex 3D glottal dynamics to the 1D-GAW may erase laryngeal dynamic characteristics that are reflected within the acoustic signal. Hence, other GAW parameters, 2D-, 3D-laryngeal dynamics and vocal tract parameters should be further investigated towards potential correlations to the acoustic signal.

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Alipour, F., R. C. Scherer, and V. C. Patel. "An Experimental Study of Pulsatile Flow in Canine Larynges." Journal of Fluids Engineering 117, no. 4 (December 1, 1995): 577–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2817304.

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Pulsatile flow in an excised canine larynx was investigated with simultaneous recordings of air velocity, subglottal pressure, volume flow rate, and the signal from an electro-glottograph (EGG) for various conditions of phonation. Canine larynges were mounted on a pseudotrachea and sustained oscillations were established and maintained with sutures attached to cartilages to mimic the function of laryngeal muscles. The pitch and amplitude of the oscillations were controlled by varying the airflow, and by adjusting glottal adduction and vocal-fold elongation. Measurements with hot-wire probes suggest that subglottal inlet flow to the larynx is pulsatile but mostly laminar, while the exiting jet is non-uniform and turbulent. In the typical ranges of flow rate, subglottal pressure, and oscillation frequencies, the Reynolds number based on the mean glottal velocity and glottal hydraulic diameter varied between 1600 to 7000, the Strouhal number based on the same parameters varied between 0.002 and 0.032, and the Womersley number ranged from 2.6 to 15.9. These results help define the conditions required for computational models of laryngeal flow.

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Franco, Ramon A., William A. Farinelli, Steven M. Zeitels, and R. Rox Anderson. "585-NM Pulsed Dye Laser Treatment of Glottal Papillomatosis." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 111, no. 6 (June 2002): 486–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348940211100603.

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Treatment of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis of the glottis is often challenging. The surgeon and patient must cooperatively balance decisions regarding airway safety, effects of multiple general anesthesias, employment disturbance, and vocal dysfunction. A pilot study was done in 41 adult cases (23 patients; 78 vocal folds) without complication to evaluate the effectiveness of a 585-nm pulsed dye laser (PDL; 450-μs pulse width; fluence of 38 to 255 J/cm2; 1- to 2-mm spot size) in the treatment of this disorder. Thirty-seven of the 41 cases (90%) were bilateral disease. Twenty-six of the 41 cases (63%; including 20 cases with involvement of the anterior commissure) were treated by bilateral photocoagulation of the lesions' microcirculation without microflap resection of tissue. Clinical observation revealed that irradiated but unresected disease involuted without development of an anterior commissure web. In the initial 13 of the 41 cases (32%), PDL treatment was followed by cold instrument microflap resection. The PDL enhanced the epithelial excision by improving hemostasis and by creating an optimal dissection plane between the basement membrane and the underlying superficial lamina propria. The PDL at 585 nm was less effective in the management of exophytic lesions because of its limited depth of penetration (approximately 2 mm). In this initial trial, the PDL was a relatively safe and efficacious treatment for glottal recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Since the lesions involute without complete resection of the diseased epithelium, the anterior commissure can be treated to minimize the number of procedures. To study patterns of recurrence will require longer follow-up.

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Franco, Ramon A., Steven M. Zeitels, William A. Farinelli, William Faquin, and R. Rox Anderson. "585-NM Pulsed Dye Laser Treatment of Glottal Dysplasia." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 112, no. 9 (September 2003): 751–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348940311200902.

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Management of glottal dysplasia can be difficult and often results in a suboptimal treatment outcome. The surgeon and patient must cooperatively balance decisions regarding the effects of possible malignancy, vocal dysfunction, and recurrences leading to multiple use of general anesthetics. A pilot study was done in 57 cases (36 patients and 97 vocal folds) without complication to evaluate the effectiveness of a 585-nm pulsed dye laser (PDL; 450-μs pulse width, 19 to 76-J/cm2 fluence, 1- to 2-mm spot size) in the treatment of vocal fold keratosis. Forty of the 57 cases had bilateral treatment. Phonomicrosurgical resection was done in 35 of the 57 cases after PDL treatment. Of this group, 10 cases were found to have hyperplasia, 21 dysplasia, 4 carcinoma in situ, and 1 carcinoma. One patient had phonomicrosurgical resection before PDL treatment. In 21 of the 57 cases, the disease was irradiated without resection (4 unilateral lesions and 17 bilateral lesions). Approximately 80% of the patients in this series had a greater than 70% reduction in the size of the lesion with the use of the PDL irrespective of whether they underwent resection. Clinical observation revealed no new anterior commissure web formation despite bilateral anterior commissure treatment in 28 of the 57 cases. The PDL enhanced the epithelial excision by improving hemostasis and by creating an optimal dissection plane between the basement membrane and the underlying superficial lamina propria. In this initial trial, the PDL provided relatively safe and effective treatment for glottal dysplasia. Analysis of patterns of recurrence will require longer follow-up.

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Arends, Nico, Dirk-Jan Povel, Edward Van Os, and Leo Speth. "Predicting Voice Quality of Deaf Speakers on the Basis of Glottal Characteristics." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 33, no. 1 (March 1990): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3301.116.

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Twenty profoundly deaf and 5 normal-hearing subjects produced 225 sustained vowels /a, i, u/ at different pitch levels and 75 phonetically balanced sentences, while vocal fold vibration was recorded through an electrolaryngograph (ELG). The utterances recorded on audio tape were judged by 10 experienced listeners on general voice quality, breathiness, hoarseness, and laryngeal strain on a 5-point scale. Seven parameters describing time-domain characteristics of the ELG-signal were extracted online by a special purpose computer system. Measurements were made over 500 consecutive vibratory cycles (10-cycle window), yielding a mean and standard deviation for each parameter per utterance. All data were submitted to analysis of variance and multiple regression analyses. Multiple correlations between glottal parameters and judged voice deviations varied between .46 and .70 indicating that overall prediction cannot reliably be based on these parameters, although severe cases of deaf voice deviations may be detectable.

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Smith, David R. R., Thomas C. Walters, and Roy D. Patterson. "Discrimination of speaker sex and size when glottal-pulse rate and vocal-tract length are controlled." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 122, no. 6 (December 2007): 3628–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2799507.

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Pucihar, G., J. Krmelj, M. Reberšek, T. Napotnik, and D. Miklavčič. "Equivalent Pulse Parameters for Electroporation." IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 58, no. 11 (November 2011): 3279–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2011.2167232.

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Gryaznov, M. I. "System of integral pulse parameters." Measurement Techniques 30, no. 6 (June 1987): 567–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00866853.

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Kist, Andreas M., Pablo Gómez, Denis Dubrovskiy, Patrick Schlegel, Melda Kunduk, Matthias Echternach, Rita Patel, et al. "A Deep Learning Enhanced Novel Software Tool for Laryngeal Dynamics Analysis." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 64, no. 6 (June 4, 2021): 1889–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2021_jslhr-20-00498.

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Purpose High-speed videoendoscopy (HSV) is an emerging, but barely used, endoscopy technique in the clinic to assess and diagnose voice disorders because of the lack of dedicated software to analyze the data. HSV allows to quantify the vocal fold oscillations by segmenting the glottal area. This challenging task has been tackled by various studies; however, the proposed approaches are mostly limited and not suitable for daily clinical routine. Method We developed a user-friendly software in C# that allows the editing, motion correction, segmentation, and quantitative analysis of HSV data. We further provide pretrained deep neural networks for fully automatic glottis segmentation. Results We freely provide our software Glottis Analysis Tools (GAT). Using GAT, we provide a general threshold-based region growing platform that enables the user to analyze data from various sources, such as in vivo recordings, ex vivo recordings, and high-speed footage of artificial vocal folds. Additionally, especially for in vivo recordings, we provide three robust neural networks at various speed and quality settings to allow a fully automatic glottis segmentation needed for application by untrained personnel. GAT further evaluates video and audio data in parallel and is able to extract various features from the video data, among others the glottal area waveform, that is, the changing glottal area over time. In total, GAT provides 79 unique quantitative analysis parameters for video- and audio-based signals. Many of these parameters have already been shown to reflect voice disorders, highlighting the clinical importance and usefulness of the GAT software. Conclusion GAT is a unique tool to process HSV and audio data to determine quantitative, clinically relevant parameters for research, diagnosis, and treatment of laryngeal disorders. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14575533

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Vilkmari, Erkki, Eija-Riitta Lauri, Paavo Alku, Eeva Sala, and Marketta Sihvo. "Loading Changes in Time-Based Parameters of Glottal Flow Waveforms in Different Ergonomic Conditions." Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica 49, no. 5 (1997): 247–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000266463.

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Krasnodębska, Paulina, Wiktor Krasnodębski, and Agata Szkiełkowska. "Objectification of vocal folds mucosal wave." Otolaryngologia Polska 72, no. 5 (June 20, 2018): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.1266.

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The work assessed the clinical utility of open quotients measured during laryngovideostroboscopy and electroglottography. Values of the parameters were analyzed according to clinical diagnosis. An algorithm based on direct and indirect mucosal wave measurement is presented, which allows for differentiation of voice disorders. The method developed for the objectification of glottal functions in various voice pathologies is characterized by high sensitivity and specificity.

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Hadwin, Paul J., Mohsen Motie-Shirazi, Byron D. Erath, and Sean D. Peterson. "Bayesian Inference of Vocal Fold Material Properties from Glottal Area Waveforms Using a 2D Finite Element Model." Applied Sciences 9, no. 13 (July 6, 2019): 2735. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9132735.

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Bayesian estimation has been previously demonstrated as a viable method for developing subject-specific vocal fold models from observations of the glottal area waveform. These prior efforts, however, have been restricted to lumped-element fitting models and synthetic observation data. The indirect relationship between the lumped-element parameters and physical tissue properties renders extracting the latter from the former difficult. Herein we propose a finite element fitting model, which treats the vocal folds as a viscoelastic deformable body comprised of three layers. Using the glottal area waveforms generated by self-oscillating silicone vocal folds we directly estimate the elastic moduli, density, and other material properties of the silicone folds using a Bayesian importance sampling approach. Estimated material properties agree with the “ground truth” experimental values to within 3 % for most parameters. By considering cases with varying subglottal pressure and medial compression we demonstrate that the finite element model coupled with Bayesian estimation is sufficiently sensitive to distinguish between experimental configurations. Additional information not available experimentally, namely, contact pressures, are extracted from the developed finite element models. The contact pressures are found to increase with medial compression and subglottal pressure, in agreement with expectation.

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Sin, Celine, Davide Chiarugi, and Angelo Valleriani. "Degradation Parameters from Pulse-Chase Experiments." PLOS ONE 11, no. 5 (May 16, 2016): e0155028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0155028.

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Drachev, K. A., and V. I. Rimlyand. "Radio Pulse Measurements of Acoustic Parameters." Measurement Techniques 60, no. 6 (September 2017): 620–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11018-017-1245-9.

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Smith, David R. R., Thomas C. Walters, and Roy D. Patterson. "Role of glottal‐pulse rate, vocal‐tract length, and original talker upon judgements of speaker sex and age." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 121, no. 5 (May 2007): 3135–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4782162.

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Geisler, C. Daniel, and Steven M. Silkes. "Responses of ‘‘lower‐spontaneous‐rate’’ auditory‐nerve fibers to speech syllables presented in noise. II: Glottal‐pulse periodicities." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 90, no. 6 (December 1991): 3140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.401422.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Parameters of glottal pulse'

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