Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Paramètres biochimiques'
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Camus, Anne-Marie. "Paramètres biochimiques et métaboliques comme indicateurs de la sensibilité au cancer chimio-induit." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10212.
Full textGuillaume, Jean-Marc. "Influence des paramètres physicochimiques, biochimiques et biologiques sur la production d'anticorps monoclonaux in vitro." Compiègne, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988COMPD104.
Full textEnvironmental factors that could affect growth and monoclonal antibody production in fermentors by a mouse-mouse hybridoma cell line were investigated. Our initial aim was to determine the conditions that could prolonged. Growth and result in increased secretion in stirred reactors compared to cell cultivation in flasks. Factors included level of dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, agitation, nutrients depletion and wastes accumulation were studied. In a second part we considered dissociation between growth and antibody synthesis. To demonstrate these, five different systems for the growth of hybridoma cells in reactors were investigated, included, Fed-batch, continuous culture with or without cell retention, immobilisation on ceramic matrix and dialysis culture. Our results in perfusion and dialysis culture suggested that growth was inhibited by a low molecular weight molecule without affecting secretion metabolism. On the other hand in continuous and dialysis culture the cell specific production rate is enhanced at latter stage of growth by cell secreted stimulating factors. These results could find applications for the development of new cultivation techniques
Berthoumieux, Sara. "Méthodes pour l’identification des modèles de réseaux biochimiques." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10073/document.
Full textBacteria manage to constantly adapt their molecular composition to respond to environmentalchanges. We focus on systems of both metabolic and gene regulation that enablesuch type of adaptation, notably in the context of diauxic growth of Escherichia coli, when itshifts from glucose to acetate as a carbon source. To model a metabolic network, we use anapproximate kinetic formalism called linlog and address methodological issues encounteredwhen performing parameter estimation. We propose a maximum-likelihood method basedon Expectation Maximization for parameter estimation from incomplete datasets. We then apply it to the linlog model of central carbon metabolism. We also propose a method foridentifiability analysis and reduction of nonidentifiable models that we then apply to bothsimulated and experimental datasets. Moreover, we monitored gene expression patterns for agene network involved in the control of diauxie and highlight, by means of kinetic models developedin this study, the role of the global physiological state of the cell in regulation of geneexpression. By addressing methodological challenges encountered with models of metabolicand gene networks, this thesis contributes to future efforts integrating both types of networksinto quantitative models
Nguyen, Quang-Liêm. "Etude des corrélations entre les paramètres biochimiques sanguins et ascitiques chez des malades atteints de cirrhose." Paris 13, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA130012.
Full textMedeville, Sophie. "Contribution à l'étude analytique et à l'utilisation pratique de quatre paramètres biochimiques d'actualité : HbA1c, fructosamine, microalbuminurie, uricémie." Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR2P114.
Full textBerthoumieux, Sara. "Méthodes pour l'identification des modèles de réseaux biochimiques." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00768731.
Full textRigolot, Xavier. "Exploration des paramètres biochimiques et de la respiration mitochondriale dans le modèle de foie isolé et perfusé de rat." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P219.
Full textTsoko, Marcelline. "Effets de la concentration en carnitine hépatique sur plusieurs paramètres physiologiques et biochimiques relatifs à l'oxydation des acides gras." Dijon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DIJOS006.
Full textRivoal, Florence. "Effets de l'exposition au paraquat et de la présence de parasites (Trématodes, Digènes) sur divers paramètres biochimiques chez Lymnaea palustris (Mollusca, Gastropoda)." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112365.
Full textBiochemical and ecophysiological effects of paraquat were investigated in Lymnaea palustris (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in laboratory conditions. The experiments were performed concurrently on healthy individual organisms and on others infected by Trematodes in order to examine the possible effects of parasitism on the studied parameters and their response to intoxication. In a first experiment, statistical distribution and inter-individual variability of the studied markers were examined in a reference population to maximize statistical analysis. Because of the inter-individual variability of studied parameters and the differences in animal batches between the experiments, no significant effect of exposure to paraquat was recorded. The establishment of a loss of correlation between antioxidant enzyme activities could indicate a dysfunction in adaptative response to toxic exposure. ETS activity showed a response profile that could correspond to an increased energy requirement during low concentration or low duration exposures, confirmed by the concomitant reduction of glycogen reserves, and an overstepping of capacities to maintain homeostasy during higher concentration and/or prolonged exposures. The interpretation of the effects of parasitism was complicated by the inter-individual variability of studied parameters and the differences in animal batches, the misreading of the infestation stage and of the intensity of infection, and the lack of knowledge about contribution of intra-molluscan stages of the Trematodes in the measurements. A constant diminution of galactogen rates and a lower fecundity were observed, indicating a parasitic castration. Perturbations in antioxidant enzymes and ETS activities were occasionally observed, but it seems globally that the capacities of response to intoxication were not affected
Javouhey-Donzel, Anne. "Influence des acides gras polyinsaturés alimentaires des séries (n-6) et (n-3) sur les paramètres fonctionnels et biochimiques du coeur de rat." Dijon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993DIJOS007.
Full textCassien, Mathieu. "Etudes in vitro/in vivo de la toxicité de polluants atmosphériques. Implication du stress oxydant dans les mécanismes génotoxiques et sur la variation des paramètres biochimiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4703.
Full textEpidemiological studies have consistently reported that particulate matter in ambient air pollution is associated with increases in cardiopulmonary diseases and mortality. Because they can deeply penetrate lung tissue, reaching blood stream and organs, nanoparticles (NPs) are considered particularly harmful. Here, our foray into the specific mutagenicity and cytotoxicity of NPs focused on manufactured nano-CeO2 (a fuel additive) and NPs known to form in air from a variety of atmospheric toxicants (eg, combustion residues, pesticides). We first revealed a genotoxic effect of nanoCeO2 on human fibroblasts by a clastogenic mechanism following stimulation of the release of O2•-/H2O2 by NADPH oxidase and mitochondria. However, upon exposure of these cells to nM doses of 1-nitropyrene (a combustion byproduct) promotion of DNA damage involving an aneugenic mechanism occurred before a clastogenic effect was seen at µM doses. Second, using a home-made chamber equipped with an aerosol generator, we determined indices of oxidative stress and tissue damage in rats chronically inhaling toxicant NPs for 1-5 months at environmentally relevant doses. Long term exposure, even at low NPs doses, provoked systemic oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, kidney damage, liver dysfunction, changes in lipid profile and occurrence of disorders of glucose tolerance. Moreover, a strong impairment of hemodynamic performance was evidenced in hearts from NP-exposed rats. By extending literature data of the in vitro toxicity of NPs to the in vivo situation, our study incriminates the nano-sized components of atmospheric particulate matter as a privileged vector of genotoxicity and cardiotoxicity
Dos, Santos Ferreira Jorge. "Identification des mécanismes en boucle fermée dans le comportement cellulaire." Compiègne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008COMP1734.
Full textThe aim of this work is to try to use observed global changes to understand interactions between individual nodes inside biochemical networks. We have worked on the determination of the essential interactions in the auto regulatory process that describes the cell cycle of Xenopus frog eggs. The results make possible an assessment of the effect of each protein on the biochemical network stability. The technique was applied also to a dynamical analysis of a uterine cell electrical activity model with view to study the impact of physiological parameters on the response of the model and identify the main subsystems generating the electrical activity. We also present a model developed for understanding an enzymatic diffusion-reaction system. The objective is to analyze the dynamic behavior of three different chemical species, the modification of enzymatic kinetic properties and the existence of sophisticated behaviors resulting of the catalytic activity induced by immobilization of Acetylcholinesterase enzyme into an artificial membrane enzymatically inactive. The results make possible the characterization and prediction of system behavior as well as a qualitative analysis of the system stability via bifurcation diagrams. The model is then extrapolated to a distributed system in order to analyze its spatio-temporal behavior. Numerical results make possible the assessment of the concentration profile of the chemical species on space and time, what is not directly observable by biochemists. Finally, we study a model developed for a network of Sinorhizobium meliloti bacterium and propose an algorithm for intracellular fluxes estimation
Ayour, Jamal. "Contribution à l'étude de la diversité génétique et recherche des paramètres physicochimiques et biochimiques indicateurs de la qualité au cours de la maturation des fruits d'abricots frais et après transformation." Thesis, Avignon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AVIG0704.
Full textThe problematic of this thesis is based on the characterization of the quality of apricotsand their aptitude for industrial processing. Three main axes guided this study. The first oneconsisted initially of a global morphometric characterization of Moroccan apricot clonesmaintened in experimental station of INRA of Marrakech and followed by the analysis ofgenetic diversity. 92 accessions, from different geographical regions, were genotyped using21 microsatellite markers. Indeed, the analyzed collection was characterized by a highpolymorphism and a reduced genetic diversity. A total of 120 alleles were identified with anaverage of 5.71 alleles per locus. All the statistical evidence (hierarchical analysis, PCA andstructural analysis) show that the genetic structure of Moroccan apricot can be subdivided intotwo populations : a major population made up of most accessions of genetic groups (authenticpopulation linked in particular to the Delpatriarca variety) and a second less diversifiedpopulation related to all reference varieties, including the Canino variety. The observedvariability between the 92 genotypes could be an asset to improve the apricot cultivation andto allow a sustainable development in the space and the time of the fruit by the selection ofnew genotypes of apricots. Finally, the observed genetic variability was used in the selectionof new apricot clones for phenotypic analysis. The second axis focused on the study ofbiochemical markers that allow to understand and evaluate the quality of selected apricots,namely : the change of organic acids and soluble sugars in relation to the sensory quality, thedevelopment of pigments and color change, the evolution of phenolic compounds in relationto antioxidant activity and loss of texture according to the cell wall biochemistry. Indeed,good physicochemical and biochemical properties have been reported for the ten chosenclones (Maximum values reported for some bioactif compounds : Vitamin C = 0.15 g / kg, β-carotene = 149.251 μg / kg, provitamin A = 0.028 mg / kg), as well as the qualitative traitsassociated with the maturation season and the genotype, is certainly a valuable genetic sourceto extend the apricot season and to supply stalls and industry. The third axis was on theimplication of the texture of the fruit in the industrial processing of apricot. We analyzed thevarietal ability of apricots for industrial processing by analyzing their textural propertiesbefore and after processing. And to better understand the variability of apricot texture, westudied the impact of heat treatment depending on the stage of fruit harvesting on a widerange of French cultivars. In the end, five apricots varieties were chosen as the mostappropriate for the industrial process
Demarigny, Yann. "Rôle de la flore naturelle du lait cru et de paramètres technologiques (teneur en sel et température d'affinage) sur l'évolution des caractéristiques biochimiques, microbiologiques et sensorielles des fromages a pâte pressée cuite." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJO5003.
Full textMonlau, Florian. "Application of pretreatments to enhance biohydrogen and/or biomethane from lignocellulosic residues : linking performances to compositional and structural features." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20178/document.
Full textIn the future, various forms of renewable energy, such as second generation biofuels from lignocellulosic residues, will be required to replace fossil fuels. Among these, biohydrogen and methane produced through fermentative processes appear as interesting candidates. However, biohydrogen and/or methane production of lignocellulosic residues is often limited by the recalcitrant structure and a pretreatment step prior to fermentative processes is often required. Up to date, informations on lignocellulosic characteristics limiting both hydrogen and methane production are limited.Therefore, this work aims to investigate the effect of compositional and structural features of lignocellulosic residues on biohydrogen and methane performances for further developping appropriate pretreatments strategies. Firstly, a panel of twenty lignocellulosic residues was used to correlate both hydrogen and methane potentials with the compositional and structural characteristics. The results showed that hydrogen potential positively correlated with soluble carbohydrates only. Secondly, methane potential correlated negatively with lignin content and, in a lesser extent, with crystalline cellulose, but positively with the soluble carbohydrates, amorphous holocelluloses and protein contents. Pretreatments strategies were further developed to enhance both hydrogen and methane production of sunflower stalks. Dilute-acid and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatments, which were found efficient in solubilizing holocelluloses into soluble carbohydrates, were applied prior to biohydrogen potential tests. By combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment, hydrogen potential was fifteen times more than that of untreated samples. On the contrary, hydrogen production was inhibited after dilute-acid pretreatments due to the release of byproducts (furfural, 5-HMF and phenolic compounds) that led to microbial communities shift toward no hydrogen producing bacteria. Similarly, methane production, five thermo-chemical pretreatments (NaOH, H2O2, Ca(OH)2, HCl and FeCl3) found efficient in delignification or solubilization of holocelluloses, were considered. Among these pretreatments, the best conditions were 55°C with 4% NaOH for 24 h and led to an increase of 29-44 % in methane potential of sunflower stalks. This pretreatment condition was validated in one stage anaerobic mesophilic continuous digester for methane production and was found efficient to enhance from 26.5% the total energy produced compared to one stage-CH4 alone. Two-stage H2 (batch) / CH4 (continuous) process was also investigated. Nevertheless, in term of energy produced, no significant differences were observed between one-stage CH4 and two-stage H2 /CH4
El, Moulabbi Kamel. "Identification d'un système biochimique : réalisation d'un logiciel d'estimation des paramètres." Compiègne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996COMPD949.
Full textPetibois, Cyril. "Applications de la spectrométrie IR-TF à l'analyse biochimique globale de paramètres sanguins du surentraînement." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR28755.
Full textChouakri, Nassim. "Identification des paramètres d'un modèle de type Monod a l'aide de réseaux de neurones artificiels." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL101N.
Full textL'Etang, Mylène. "Effet de différents paramètres de l'environnement sur le déterminisme biochimique d'exudats racinaires de crotalaria spp. : application à la nématorégulation en production végétale." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGUY0561/document.
Full textAs part of the promotion of alternative cropping systems at lower chemical inputs, studies on the introduction of cover crops designed to reduce the use of pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers mobilize a considerable research effort. Under banana production for which the hannfu1ness caused by plant-parasitic-nematodes is one ofthe main constraints, one of the main alternatives to the use ofchemical nematicides is based on the rational use in rotation or intercropping of cover rI crops to proteet crops from plant-parasitic-nematodes, Among the candidate species, the species from the genus of Crota/aria spp. have been widely studied because of their ability to control plant parasitic-nematodes. A meta-analysis reveals that although many authors agree allelopathic properties of these species, they are also likely to recognize the high variability of expression of these properties vis-àvis the control of nematodes according to the situations experieaced.. The objective of this woIk is focnsed on the onderstanding of the biochemical determinism of mot exudates onder environment biotic and abiotic variations. The experimental strategy was 10 test onder controlled conditions the biochemical behavior of mot exudates of two species of crotalarias (C retusa, C. spectabilis) and a susceptible species, the dessert banana crop (Musa spp.) with i) modification ofbiotic conditions -ie presence or absence of nematodes iMeloidogyne arenaria and Radopho/us similis), and presence or absence of mycorrhiza-ii) contrasting abiotic conditions -ie using a natural soil vs. neutral substrate, whether to add fertilizer. The innovative methodology of "milking plants" (patent INRA) was required in order to work on the root exudates of plants packed rather thanleachate, as done in previous experiments. The results obtained show that 'visible spectrophotometry changing abiotic conditions affect significantly the biochemical profiles of the studied plants. In the presence of nematode M. arenaria biochemical profiles of both crotalarias are also changed. Bioassays conducted using mot exudates conditioned in advance by biotic changes have demonstrated the effect of nématostatique crotalarias. Biochemical Ge-MS demonstrate more clearly active molecules that are involved in varions biotic and abiotic conditions. This research, generic scope, to better understand the environmental conditions that regulate biochemical profiles of mot exudates crotalarias and by extension, will apply to research on other plants service candidates. This will ultimately define the environmental conditions to meet, to guide optimal allelopathic effects from the perspective ofnatural nématorégulation
Chardigny, Jean-Michel. "Contribution à l'étude de l'influence, chez le rat, de la nature des lipides du régime alimentaire sur la composition biochimique du myocarde et sur les paramètres mécaniques et électriques du cœur isolé et perfusé par voie atriale gauche." Dijon, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989DIJOS011.
Full textChorfi, Younès. "Étude des facteurs de variation des globulines sériques chez la vache laitière." Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17496.
Full text"Etude de l'observabilité de systèmes de Sturm-Liouville : application aux réacteurs biochimiques à paramètres répartis." Université catholique de Louvain, 2003. http://edoc.bib.ucl.ac.be:81/ETD-db/collection/available/BelnUcetd-12162003-160116/.
Full textDesrosiers, Mélissa. "Homéostasie phosphocalcique et vitamine D : effets sur le cartilage de croissance par la mesure des paramètres physiques, biochimiques et géniques liés à la croissance osseuse." Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8151.
Full textNajid, Yassin. "Effets des diètes de remplacement du maïs sur les performances de croissance, le pH ruminal et les paramètres biochimiques sanguins chez les veaux de grains." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/12397.
Full textThe objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of partial or total replacement of corn in standard diet (MS) on growth performances, ruminal pH, and blood biochemical parameters in grain-fed calves. Four groups of 80 calves housed in 32 pens (10 calves/pen), were randomly assigned to four diets consisting of standard diet with corn and protein supplement (MS); reduced corn, canola meal and dried distiller’s corn grain with soluble diet (MCD); reduced corn, protein supplement and dried distiller’s corn grain with soluble diet (MSD), and rolled barley, canola meal and dried distiller’s corn grain with soluble diet (BCD). All diets were fed for 96 days and formulated according to starting (d0 to d54), growing (d55 to d85) and finishing phases (d86 to d96). Additional group of five calves fed a non-acidogenic control diet (CT) containing 1.4 kg of concentrate and grass hay ad libitum. Dry matter intake (DMI) was depressed in MSD at d96, compared to MS and BCD (p<0.001), however diets had no effects on BW. At d27, d54, and d85 average daily gains (ADGs) were similar, however at d96 they were greater in BCD (p<0.001) than in the other groups. Calves were slaughtered at approximately 267 Kg live weight and carcass yields in BCD were lower than that in MS and MSD (p<0.002). Durations of ruminal pH below 5.6 (DpH5.6) from d68 to d85 (P2) were similar in CT and BCD (p=0.09), and lower (p<0.001) than MS, MCD, and MSD. From d85 to d96 (P3), DpH5.6 in CT was lower (p<0.0001) than BCD. DpH5.6 in MS, MCD, and MSD diets were similar (p>0.83), and greater than that in BCD (p<0.0001). DpH5.6 had no significant effect on ADGs. At d68 and d96, the dietary treatments had no effect on L-lactate (p > 0.05), blood pH (p > 0.001; not significant after Bonferroni adjustement NSBA), and AnGap (p>0.009; NSBA). Dietary treatments had no effects on LBP at d0 and d68. At d96, LBP in CT was smaller than that of MS and MCD (p=0.001). Diets had no significant effects on epithelium and lamina propria (p=0>0.37), and liver abscess (p=0.80). Partial replacement of corn by dried distiller’s corn grain with soluble and/or Canola meal allowed a similar level of growth performances, did not decrease duration of acidic ruminal pH, and did not affect blood biochemical parameters. Total replacement of corn by rolled barley, dried distiller’s corn grain with soluble, and canola meal decreased duration of ruminal pH below 5.6, improved ADG at the finishing phase and did not affect blood biochemical parameters but slightly reduced carcass yield
Rasolomboahanginjatovo, Hasina Santatriniaina. "Relations entre le statut utérin, les paramètres biochimiques du sérum et du liquide de lavage utérin et la production d’embryons chez les vaches laitières après surovulation." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5154.
Full textThe developing embryo is dependent on the nutrients provided by the oviduct and the uterine fluid. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of SOV on uterine bacteriology and cytology, on serum and uterine biochemical parameters and consequently on the number of TE. Non-lactating (n=7) and lactating (n=28) Holstein cows were synchronized for estrus and superovulated respectively and were inseminated twice. Uterine bacteriology and cytology and various uterine and serum biochemical parameters were measured at day 7 of estrus cycle (D7, starting day of the SOV protocol) and at the designated day of embryo recovery (DER). Harvested embryos were evaluated according to IETS’s criteria. Superovulated cows produced an average of 7.39 ± 6.22 ova/embryos of which 3.32 ± 4.81 were TE. There were no significant variations of uterine bacteriology and cytology between D7 and DER within the two groups. Serum urea (P=0.0001), E2 (P=0.006); uterine Glu (P=0.002), Ck (P=0.0007), LDH (P<0.0001), TP (P=0.004), P4 (P=0.008), PGFM (P<0.0001) in group I and serum P4 (P<0.0001), PGFM (P<0.0001); uterine LDH (P=0.002), PGFM (P<0.0001) in group II were significantly higher at DER than at D7. At DER, group I was different to group II’ uterine and serum urea (P<0.0001 and P<0.0001), LDH (P<0.0001 and P=0.008), PGFM (P=0.002 and P=0.009), serum P4 (P=0.0002) and uterine TP (P=0.0003). There was no association between uterine bacteriology and cytology and the number of TE. However, TE was positively correlated with serum IGF-1 at D7 (r=0.45; P=0.001) and P4 at DER (r=0.43; P<0.05) and negatively correlated with both serum and uterine PGFM respectively at D7 (r=-0.54; P<0.005 and r=-0.67; P<0.001) and DER (r=-0.48; P<0.01 and r=-0.57; P<0.002). The present results infer that changes following SOV in both serum and uterine secretion may affect the number of TE.