Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Paramètres structuraux et biochimiques'
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Monlau, Florian. "Application of pretreatments to enhance biohydrogen and/or biomethane from lignocellulosic residues : linking performances to compositional and structural features." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20178/document.
Full textIn the future, various forms of renewable energy, such as second generation biofuels from lignocellulosic residues, will be required to replace fossil fuels. Among these, biohydrogen and methane produced through fermentative processes appear as interesting candidates. However, biohydrogen and/or methane production of lignocellulosic residues is often limited by the recalcitrant structure and a pretreatment step prior to fermentative processes is often required. Up to date, informations on lignocellulosic characteristics limiting both hydrogen and methane production are limited.Therefore, this work aims to investigate the effect of compositional and structural features of lignocellulosic residues on biohydrogen and methane performances for further developping appropriate pretreatments strategies. Firstly, a panel of twenty lignocellulosic residues was used to correlate both hydrogen and methane potentials with the compositional and structural characteristics. The results showed that hydrogen potential positively correlated with soluble carbohydrates only. Secondly, methane potential correlated negatively with lignin content and, in a lesser extent, with crystalline cellulose, but positively with the soluble carbohydrates, amorphous holocelluloses and protein contents. Pretreatments strategies were further developed to enhance both hydrogen and methane production of sunflower stalks. Dilute-acid and combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatments, which were found efficient in solubilizing holocelluloses into soluble carbohydrates, were applied prior to biohydrogen potential tests. By combined alkaline-enzymatic pretreatment, hydrogen potential was fifteen times more than that of untreated samples. On the contrary, hydrogen production was inhibited after dilute-acid pretreatments due to the release of byproducts (furfural, 5-HMF and phenolic compounds) that led to microbial communities shift toward no hydrogen producing bacteria. Similarly, methane production, five thermo-chemical pretreatments (NaOH, H2O2, Ca(OH)2, HCl and FeCl3) found efficient in delignification or solubilization of holocelluloses, were considered. Among these pretreatments, the best conditions were 55°C with 4% NaOH for 24 h and led to an increase of 29-44 % in methane potential of sunflower stalks. This pretreatment condition was validated in one stage anaerobic mesophilic continuous digester for methane production and was found efficient to enhance from 26.5% the total energy produced compared to one stage-CH4 alone. Two-stage H2 (batch) / CH4 (continuous) process was also investigated. Nevertheless, in term of energy produced, no significant differences were observed between one-stage CH4 and two-stage H2 /CH4
Amer, Ahmed. "Contribution à l'estimation de paramètres statistiques et structuraux de systèmes linéaires stochastiques." Lille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL10103.
Full textCamus, Anne-Marie. "Paramètres biochimiques et métaboliques comme indicateurs de la sensibilité au cancer chimio-induit." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10212.
Full textGuillaume, Jean-Marc. "Influence des paramètres physicochimiques, biochimiques et biologiques sur la production d'anticorps monoclonaux in vitro." Compiègne, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988COMPD104.
Full textEnvironmental factors that could affect growth and monoclonal antibody production in fermentors by a mouse-mouse hybridoma cell line were investigated. Our initial aim was to determine the conditions that could prolonged. Growth and result in increased secretion in stirred reactors compared to cell cultivation in flasks. Factors included level of dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, agitation, nutrients depletion and wastes accumulation were studied. In a second part we considered dissociation between growth and antibody synthesis. To demonstrate these, five different systems for the growth of hybridoma cells in reactors were investigated, included, Fed-batch, continuous culture with or without cell retention, immobilisation on ceramic matrix and dialysis culture. Our results in perfusion and dialysis culture suggested that growth was inhibited by a low molecular weight molecule without affecting secretion metabolism. On the other hand in continuous and dialysis culture the cell specific production rate is enhanced at latter stage of growth by cell secreted stimulating factors. These results could find applications for the development of new cultivation techniques
Carayon, Kévin. "Étude des paramètres structuraux et cinétiques caractérisant les interactions intégrases rétrovirales / ADN et l'étape de 3'-processing." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00363674.
Full textMarcano, Brito Francia. "Evaluation des paramètres structuraux des asphaltènes et de leurs effets sur les propriétés physiques et chimiques des bruts." Thesis, Pau, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PAUU3008/document.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to provide information that can help in clarifying the mechanism by which asphaltene precipitation occurs in order to optimize the models that predict the phenomenon. The study is divided into three chapters. In the first one, the constituents of aromatic and saturate fractions of some Venezuelan crude oils were associated with the asphaltenes stability. SARA composition was correlated with asphaltene flocculation onsets and the results showed that saturates, similar to resins, have a significant effect on the flocculation process of the asphaltenes. In the second chapter, the concentration of Ni and V was determined in asphaltenes and their fractions A1 and A2. The samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and elemental combustion analysis. Results show that A1 presents higher Ni and V concentrations than A2, in both stable and unstable crude oils. These results can be explained by strong interactions, such as covalent bonds between the petroporphyrins and the asphaltene molecules. In the final section, the asphaltenes phase envelopes were obteined for a system consisting of asphaltene in a mixture toluene/heptane/CO2. The temperature ranges 10-150 °C with varying concentrations of CO2 between 10 and 20 wt%. The experimental results confirm that increase of pressure leads to increase of solubility of the asphaltenes in the medium. Also, there are two temperature regimes having opposite trends. First, the solubility of the asphaltenes increases with the temperature, then after a threshold value of 80 °C, the stability is getting worse with the temperature
Fouchet, Pierre. "Caractérisation de l'hétérogénéité de populations bactériennes par cytométrie en flux : études de paramètres physiologiques et structuraux." Compiègne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994COMPD696.
Full textHaugmard, Méric. "Détermination non-linéaire des paramètres hypocentraux et structuraux : application à la sismicité intracontinentale du Massif armoricaine." Thesis, Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT4026/document.
Full textThe most widely used inversion schemes to determine local or regional earthquake sources (epicenter, depth and origin time), are based on iterative linearized leastsquares algorithms and strongly depend on an a priori knowledge. We introduce a joint structure-source determination approach for one or several events. This procedure manages to get away from dependence on an initial solution and minimizes the influence of poorly known seismic velocity structure used for calculating the propagation time. The exploration relies on parallel Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques, which sample models within a broad range of parameters, distributed according to the posterior distributions. The arrival time uncertainties of direct and refracted waves on the Mohorovičić discontinuity, defined by hand-picking, are fully exploited by Bayesian inference and lead the nonlinear determination. The analysis of covariances between parameters and the projections of the structure parameter variations on the source parameter space provide information about the influence of the seismic network geometry (sparse and/or azimuthally inhomogeneous), or an inappropriate velocity structure. This procedure is applied to the moderate and diffuse local seismicity of the Armorican Massif (western France), an extensive outcrop of the Variscan basement, which crustal structure is apprehended with large uncertainties. The accurate location of 350 earthquakes, with a set of more than 7,000 onset time of seismic-waves recorded by permanent and temporary networks between 2011 and 2013, sheds new light on the seismicity and the structure of the Armorican Massif
Guironnet, Laure. "Compréhension de l'influence des paramètres micro et nano structuraux sur les performances électrochimiques de conducteurs mixtes." Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0077.
Full textThe technology of ceramic membranes for oxygen separation knows a great interest due to high energetic efficiency in comparison with the cryogenic distillation process. However, for now, the oxygen fluxes produced by the membrane technology are not high enough for industrial applications. It is therefore necessary to improve the performances of the membranes. The results obtained in this work, using an original device, allowed us to a better understanding of the influence of architectural parameters on the oxygen flux and on the mechanisms limiting the transport of oxygen through the membrane. As a result, it is possible to investigate new architectures of membrane of which the oxygen flux could be close to industrial targets
Nguyen, Quang-Liêm. "Etude des corrélations entre les paramètres biochimiques sanguins et ascitiques chez des malades atteints de cirrhose." Paris 13, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA130012.
Full textRigolot, Xavier. "Exploration des paramètres biochimiques et de la respiration mitochondriale dans le modèle de foie isolé et perfusé de rat." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P219.
Full textMedeville, Sophie. "Contribution à l'étude analytique et à l'utilisation pratique de quatre paramètres biochimiques d'actualité : HbA1c, fructosamine, microalbuminurie, uricémie." Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR2P114.
Full textScotto, Christian. "Étude comparative des effets du clofibrate, proliférateur peroxysomal sur les hépatomes murins FaO et humains Hep EBNA2 : aspects structuraux, biochimiques et moléculaires." Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10027.
Full textGachet, Christophe. "Inventaire et hiérarchisation de paramètres structuraux facteurs de variabilité intraspécifique de certaines propriétés mécano physiques des tissus ligneux." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007161.
Full textSibenaler, Fabien. "Evaluation de la résistance à la traction uniaxiale des non-tissés aiguilletés en fonction de paramètres structuraux." Mulhouse, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MULH0596.
Full textCHOUAF, JAMAL. "Evaluation d'anticorps polyclonaux diriges contre les endosomes : aspects biochimiques et structuraux. identification d'un polypeptide membranaire conserve au cours de l'evolution." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066453.
Full textGachet, Christophe. "Inventaire et hiérarchisation de paramètres structuraux et ultrastructuraux facteurs de variabilité intra spécifique de certaines propriétés mécano physiques de tissus ligneux." Bordeaux 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR12776.
Full textStructural predicting modelling of elastic anisotropic behaviour of gross wood are based on micro macro approach using successive scale changes (cell wall-wood cell, wood cell-tissue, tissue-annual ring). At each of these integrated levels of description is associated a more or less complex set of parameters allowing a local description of the mechanical behaviour. Such modelling presents a double interest: coherence of stacking models permits to clarify the role of each constitutive element allowing to evaluate some properties via experimental values at the upper scale. Simulation of elastic anisotropy of softwood is achieved here by four succesives descriptives scales called " Passages " (Passage 1 from polymers to sub-layer, Passage 2 from sub-layer to double cell wall, Passage 3 from double cell wall to tissue and finally Passage 4 from tissue to annual ring). In this integrated modelling of elastic anisotropy of wood, predicting successive descriptive steps one list, called RSV, of 22 strictly useful parameters is established to describe anisotropic elastic properties of normal softwood. A hierarchising and analysis are achevied and confirm role of microfibrillar angle (MFA) in gross wood elastic anisotropy. Experimentation on compression wood of three softwood allow to compare RSV modelling to results obtained from several methods
Mbodj, Coumba. "Rôle des paramètres matériaux et structuraux dans l'homogénéisation numérique des composites C/C. Cas des sollicitations tribologiques de freinage." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00743548.
Full textYoussef, Michel. "Analyse de l'influence des paramètres structuraux et fonctionnels d'une cage thoracique sous chargement dynamique a l'aide d'un modèle simplifié." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10190/document.
Full textIn the European Union, 28% of road accidents are frontal impacts which provoke 49% of fatalities where the thoracic fractures are the main cause of death. The finite element models of the human body are an important tool for the simulation of real impacts and the prediction of damage. This thesis has led to develop a rib cage simplified finite element model sufficiently flexible and easily customizable. First, this model is experimentally validated and then used in a parametric study. This study allowed us to characterize the influence of different structural and geometric parameters on the behavior of the rib cage under dynamic loading. This work is divided into three parts : Modeling the rib cage using beam elements whose mechanical properties are determined by three-point bending tests on rib segments and supplemented from literature, Validating the model by simulating the anteroposterior dynamic loading tests led by Vezin and Berthet [Vez09], Performing a parametric study on the influence of the mechanical parameters (Young modulus, stiffness of costo-vertebral joints), the geometry of the rib sections and the overall geometry of the rib cage (ribs slope, shape and overall size of the rib cage). This study permitted to find that Young modulus and the thickness of the cortical have the same influence on the overall stiffness of the chest as well as on the rotation and deformation of the ribs. By increasing these parameters, the stiffness of the chest increases and the maximum compression ratio decreases. Besides, we'll find more rotation and less deformation of the ribs. The stiffness of the costoverterbal joints has a direct influence on the lateral rotation : it will decrease by increasing of the stiffness while deformation will increase. However, the overall stiffness of the chest is slightly modified by modifying the costovertebral joint stiffness. The initial inclination of the ribs accordingly to the load direction has the greatest influence on the deformation of the ribs and therefore on the damage risk. When the ribs are closer to the loading direction, the stiffness of the rib cage and the deformation of the ribs increases
Mbodj, Coumba. "Rôle des paramètres matériaux et structuraux dans l’homogénéisation numérique des composites C/C. Cas des sollicitations tribologiques de freinage." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAL0028/document.
Full textTo understand the mechanisms of wear and friction of carbon 1 carbon composites (C/C} used in aeronautical braking, a numerical model is used to separate the mechanical effects of the physico-chemical and thermal effects. The model is based on the use of an approach by finite elements (FE} and techniques of homogenization applied to a representative elementary volume (RVE} of the material in the mesoscopic scale rubbing on a rigid or deformable surface. In this scale, the material is described by a matrix in carbon and packages of carbon fiber called strands, perpendicular on the contact surface. To insure the representativeness of the structure of the material, several heterogeneous models are studied. The results are compared with those obtained with the equivalent homogeneous model which ensues from the homogenization. The influence of the conditions of contact (the rigidity), as well as the influence of the distribution of strands at the contact surface on the regimes of vibrations of the various models are revealing. The extension of the numerical model in a contact between two composites underline a strong increase of maximal constraints mainly localized in the strands present on the contact surface. These strong localizations of constraints can have for consequence the damage of strands what leads the degradation of the contact surface until the detachments of particles
Augé, Franck. "Conception et synthèse de nouveaux ligands des métalloprotéinases de la matrice extracellulaire. Analyse de paramètres réactionnels et structuraux par des calculs théoriques." Reims, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REIMP203.
Full text@This work is divided into three parts. The first one is about design and synthesis of matrix metalloproteinases inhibitors. Thus, after a brief review on the state-of-the-art of MMP inhibitors, the synthesis of several inhibitors without hydroxamic acid function is presented. The first biological analyses obtained by zymmography show good activities for several compounds. The second part deals with the theoretical study of the formation and the reactivity of indolo-2,3-quinodimethanes. The complete pathway of the reaction is given and also the factors which make the selectivity of the reaction change when the nitrogen substituent is modified. Finally, the last part is about the conformational study of tetrahydro-ß-carbolines. With the methodology presented here, we have been able to reproduce the coupling constant observed between protons H3 and H4 of this compounds. This experience could be used for the study of analogous compounds
Tsoko, Marcelline. "Effets de la concentration en carnitine hépatique sur plusieurs paramètres physiologiques et biochimiques relatifs à l'oxydation des acides gras." Dijon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DIJOS006.
Full textGingreau, Clémence. "Etude théorique et expérimentale de l'influence des paramètres structuraux sur la relaxation thermique de nanocomposites excités par impulsions laser femtoseconde." Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2012. https://theses.hal.science/docs/00/76/60/93/PDF/Binder1.pdf.
Full textThe goal ofthis thesis is to study the structural parameters' impact on the thermal relaxation of nano particles embedded in a dielectric matrix. The first part of the thesis focuses on the realization of a time domain thermoreflectance pump-probe experiment, where a Ti:Saphir laser delivers 100 fs pulses with a repetition rate of 80 MHz. This experiment is used to investigate the evolution of transmission or reflection coefficient of nanometric sized samples. Our experimental setup can detect relative variations as high as 10-7. Ln the second part, we present the realization and structural characteristics ofthe samples that are made of gold or silver nano particles. In these samples, the small particles are spheres and the larger ones are roller-like. The radius of the particles varies from 2,2 nm to 10 nm, their organization is isotropic or in lines, and the number of layers differs from one sam pie to the other. The last part of the thesis focuses on the experimental results obtained and their comparison to theoretical results of a two temperature model. The different samples were compared in order to emphasize the impact of different structural parameters such as: shape, size and organization of the particles and the metal or matrix used
Dalas, Florent. "Influence des paramètres structuraux de superplastifiants sur l'hydratation, la création de surfaces initiales et la fluidité de systèmes cimentaires modèles." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOS019/document.
Full textNowadays the use of superplasticizers admixtures becomes unavoidable for concrete. It allows enhancing the rheological properties at the fresh state: the initial flow and slump retention during the 2-3 first hours of the life of a concrete. The understanding of this mechanism is still partly elucidated for PCE (grafted copolymers). The aim of this thesis was to challenge the assumption of the evolution of the adsorbed amount of PCE per instantaneous mineral surface unit as origin of the fluidity temporal evolution during the workability period.On an inert system (calcite), we confirmed that the fluidity is mainly governed by the adsorption level. Thus for a same surface adsorption density, the fluidity of the paste is roughly similar whatever the structure of the PCE. On an inert system also (calcite or ettringite), the modification of the anionic function provides a technological way to improve the resistance of the adsorption against the variation of the sulfate ions concentration.The surface area of a reactive model system (tricalcium aluminate, gypsum, hemihydrate and calcite) has been measured by two techniques during the workability period: the N2 adsorption (BET) and the water proton relaxometry (RMN). The PCE adsorption per surface unit has been calculated and analysed in link with the fluidity of the paste. In that case, the simple relation, shown on the inert system, is not verified because the presence of PCE has also an impact on the hydration and on the extent of the surface area. Especially PCE lead to increase the surface by changing the morphology of ettringite. The specific surface area of ettringite increases when the grafting density of PCE decreases
Javouhey-Donzel, Anne. "Influence des acides gras polyinsaturés alimentaires des séries (n-6) et (n-3) sur les paramètres fonctionnels et biochimiques du coeur de rat." Dijon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993DIJOS007.
Full textMeynard, Corinne. "Influence des paramètres structuraux sur la stabilité et la réactivité de centres actifs Ziegler-Natta dans la polymérisation de l'éthylène et des alpha oléfines." Bordeaux 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR10513.
Full textBounouas, Lahsen. "Etude phénoménologique de l'influence de paramètres structuraux et de mise en oeuvre sur le comportement mécanique du polypropylène chargé de fibres courtes." Compiègne, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001COMP1349.
Full textBéland, Martin. "Estimation de paramètres structuraux des arbres dans une savane à partir de mesures LiDAR terrestre et d'imagerie à très haute résolution spatiale." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2849.
Full textLeblanc, Sylvain. "Étude de l’estimation de paramètres structuraux de la forêt à l’aide d’un cadre de modélisation, de la photographie hémisphérique et du LiDAR." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5429.
Full textRivoal, Florence. "Effets de l'exposition au paraquat et de la présence de parasites (Trématodes, Digènes) sur divers paramètres biochimiques chez Lymnaea palustris (Mollusca, Gastropoda)." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112365.
Full textBiochemical and ecophysiological effects of paraquat were investigated in Lymnaea palustris (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in laboratory conditions. The experiments were performed concurrently on healthy individual organisms and on others infected by Trematodes in order to examine the possible effects of parasitism on the studied parameters and their response to intoxication. In a first experiment, statistical distribution and inter-individual variability of the studied markers were examined in a reference population to maximize statistical analysis. Because of the inter-individual variability of studied parameters and the differences in animal batches between the experiments, no significant effect of exposure to paraquat was recorded. The establishment of a loss of correlation between antioxidant enzyme activities could indicate a dysfunction in adaptative response to toxic exposure. ETS activity showed a response profile that could correspond to an increased energy requirement during low concentration or low duration exposures, confirmed by the concomitant reduction of glycogen reserves, and an overstepping of capacities to maintain homeostasy during higher concentration and/or prolonged exposures. The interpretation of the effects of parasitism was complicated by the inter-individual variability of studied parameters and the differences in animal batches, the misreading of the infestation stage and of the intensity of infection, and the lack of knowledge about contribution of intra-molluscan stages of the Trematodes in the measurements. A constant diminution of galactogen rates and a lower fecundity were observed, indicating a parasitic castration. Perturbations in antioxidant enzymes and ETS activities were occasionally observed, but it seems globally that the capacities of response to intoxication were not affected
Pinto, David. "Transfert électronique au sein d'une pile à combustible microbienne. Compréhension des Paramètres Expérimentaux et Structuraux à l'Interface entre une Bactérie électro-active et une Electrode carbonée." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066367/document.
Full textMicrobial fuel cells (MFC) are a type of fuel cells based on bacteria as biologic catalysts. By the metabolism of organic compounds, these micro-organisms produce and transfer electrons to a conductive matrix. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of working conditions and structural parameters on the biofilm formation and the electrochemical behaviour of electroactive bacteria. By optimising the bacterial growth of Shewanella oneidensis strain in semi-aerobic condition, various working condition was evaluated to better understand the interaction between a carbon felt (CF) electrode and the bacteria. It appears that the bacterial state of growth influences the electron transfer of the cells, as well as the electrolyte nature. The effect of the anodic polarization was evaluated by applying various poised potential between -0.3 V and 0.5 V in both single and dual-chamber MFC. This study leads to the conclusion that bacteria are more sensible to highly positive potential in membrane-less MFC. On the contrary, in dual-chamber reactors, both positive and negative potential leads to the formation of different biofilm architectures. Then, an artificial biofilm was created by incorporating bacteria encapsulated into a silica gel into a CF. The electrochemical behaviour of bacteria seems sensible to the tightness of the silica network. Finally, by the electrospinning of polyacrylonitrile solution and then the annealing of the fiber mat, an electrode with micro-scaled carbon fibers was produced. The use of this electrode as an anode in a MFC leads to an increase of the MFC performance and more specially of the anodic current density by a factor 10 to 100
Liu, Lin. "Contribution à l'étude des textiles linéaires : mise au point de méthodes optiques et construction d'un appareil pour la détermination des paramètres structuraux du fil." Mulhouse, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MULH0488.
Full textSahyoun, Wafaa. "Maîtrise de l'aptitude de matériaux agro-alimentaires aux procédés de séchage : étude de l'adéquation entre les états structuraux, biochimiques, physiques et comportementaux sur les processus de déshydratation." Compiègne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996COMPD900.
Full textThe natural structure of vegetables does not promote water transfer within raw products; this structure should be altered in order to enhance both drying and rehydration processes. This thesis aims at the determination, the quantifying, and the study of the modifications induced within the vegetable product (e. G. Carrot) following several pre-treatments: blanching, freezing, DIC and enzymic. Multidimensional approach has thus been performed; it has mainly been concerned with the structural analysis, the biochemical composition, and the physical characterisation, as well as their evolution. The study of the impact of these pre-treatments on drying and rehydration processes will not only permit to establish corrélations between the different approaches undertaken, but will more importantly better approach possible industrial applications. The study has revealed a positive impact induced by all pre-treatments considered on the drying time réduction. In all considered cases, with the exception of enzymic pre-treatment, a close correlation between drying time reduction, rehydration capacity enhancement, and the lowering of the product's density, has been observed. Furthermore, the evolution of water activity following the different pre-treatments, does not permit to explain the evolution of drying time. A positive impact of the different pre-treatments has systematically been observed in the preservation of lipids and provitamin A. All of the microscopie study has allowed to ascertain the huge impact of the modification of the structure on the behavioural properties of the products. The industrial application consists on the definition of a new process coupling the vacuum drying with a pre-treatment operation. The fundamental study thus realised allowed to choose freezing or DIC
Ayour, Jamal. "Contribution à l'étude de la diversité génétique et recherche des paramètres physicochimiques et biochimiques indicateurs de la qualité au cours de la maturation des fruits d'abricots frais et après transformation." Thesis, Avignon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AVIG0704.
Full textThe problematic of this thesis is based on the characterization of the quality of apricotsand their aptitude for industrial processing. Three main axes guided this study. The first oneconsisted initially of a global morphometric characterization of Moroccan apricot clonesmaintened in experimental station of INRA of Marrakech and followed by the analysis ofgenetic diversity. 92 accessions, from different geographical regions, were genotyped using21 microsatellite markers. Indeed, the analyzed collection was characterized by a highpolymorphism and a reduced genetic diversity. A total of 120 alleles were identified with anaverage of 5.71 alleles per locus. All the statistical evidence (hierarchical analysis, PCA andstructural analysis) show that the genetic structure of Moroccan apricot can be subdivided intotwo populations : a major population made up of most accessions of genetic groups (authenticpopulation linked in particular to the Delpatriarca variety) and a second less diversifiedpopulation related to all reference varieties, including the Canino variety. The observedvariability between the 92 genotypes could be an asset to improve the apricot cultivation andto allow a sustainable development in the space and the time of the fruit by the selection ofnew genotypes of apricots. Finally, the observed genetic variability was used in the selectionof new apricot clones for phenotypic analysis. The second axis focused on the study ofbiochemical markers that allow to understand and evaluate the quality of selected apricots,namely : the change of organic acids and soluble sugars in relation to the sensory quality, thedevelopment of pigments and color change, the evolution of phenolic compounds in relationto antioxidant activity and loss of texture according to the cell wall biochemistry. Indeed,good physicochemical and biochemical properties have been reported for the ten chosenclones (Maximum values reported for some bioactif compounds : Vitamin C = 0.15 g / kg, β-carotene = 149.251 μg / kg, provitamin A = 0.028 mg / kg), as well as the qualitative traitsassociated with the maturation season and the genotype, is certainly a valuable genetic sourceto extend the apricot season and to supply stalls and industry. The third axis was on theimplication of the texture of the fruit in the industrial processing of apricot. We analyzed thevarietal ability of apricots for industrial processing by analyzing their textural propertiesbefore and after processing. And to better understand the variability of apricot texture, westudied the impact of heat treatment depending on the stage of fruit harvesting on a widerange of French cultivars. In the end, five apricots varieties were chosen as the mostappropriate for the industrial process
Cassien, Mathieu. "Etudes in vitro/in vivo de la toxicité de polluants atmosphériques. Implication du stress oxydant dans les mécanismes génotoxiques et sur la variation des paramètres biochimiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4703.
Full textEpidemiological studies have consistently reported that particulate matter in ambient air pollution is associated with increases in cardiopulmonary diseases and mortality. Because they can deeply penetrate lung tissue, reaching blood stream and organs, nanoparticles (NPs) are considered particularly harmful. Here, our foray into the specific mutagenicity and cytotoxicity of NPs focused on manufactured nano-CeO2 (a fuel additive) and NPs known to form in air from a variety of atmospheric toxicants (eg, combustion residues, pesticides). We first revealed a genotoxic effect of nanoCeO2 on human fibroblasts by a clastogenic mechanism following stimulation of the release of O2•-/H2O2 by NADPH oxidase and mitochondria. However, upon exposure of these cells to nM doses of 1-nitropyrene (a combustion byproduct) promotion of DNA damage involving an aneugenic mechanism occurred before a clastogenic effect was seen at µM doses. Second, using a home-made chamber equipped with an aerosol generator, we determined indices of oxidative stress and tissue damage in rats chronically inhaling toxicant NPs for 1-5 months at environmentally relevant doses. Long term exposure, even at low NPs doses, provoked systemic oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, kidney damage, liver dysfunction, changes in lipid profile and occurrence of disorders of glucose tolerance. Moreover, a strong impairment of hemodynamic performance was evidenced in hearts from NP-exposed rats. By extending literature data of the in vitro toxicity of NPs to the in vivo situation, our study incriminates the nano-sized components of atmospheric particulate matter as a privileged vector of genotoxicity and cardiotoxicity
Demarigny, Yann. "Rôle de la flore naturelle du lait cru et de paramètres technologiques (teneur en sel et température d'affinage) sur l'évolution des caractéristiques biochimiques, microbiologiques et sensorielles des fromages a pâte pressée cuite." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJO5003.
Full textLays, Cassino Flavio Sandro. "Étude de l'oxydation à haute température des revêtements NiCrAIY élaborés par traitement laser à partir de poudres pré-alliées : analyse des paramètres structuraux, physico-chimiques et mécaniques." Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA112449.
Full textDiz, Jésus. "Evaluation à l'aide de modèles des paramètres structuraux importants pour la prévision du comportement élastique, de dilatation thermique et de la croissance sous irradiation d'alliages de zirconium polycristallin." Metz, 1992. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1992/Diz.Jesus.SMZ9227.pdf.
Full textOne of the aims of this work was to identify, through the study of elastic and thermal expansion properties, the main parameters necessary for a satisfactory modelling of deformation properties, which show some analogies in their mathematical formulation. Thus we developed and tested various modelling of these behaviors for hexagonal materials. Our study of the influence of some metallurgical parameters on the physical properties of zirconium alloys led us to the following conclusions. Some parameters play an equally important influence on properties as different as elasticity, thermal expansion and irradiation growth. So, we have verified that the crystallographic texture plays a key role in performing such predictions. Secondly, we have observed that other metallurgical parameters such as the grain size, the chemical composition and internal stresses are more or less important according to the investigated property. In the case of irradiation growth a complete model, taking all these parameters into account, is not available today. It is nevertheless possible, according to the metallurgical state of the studied material and for a given chemical composition, to perform qualitative and even quantitative predictions
Cabiaux, Véronique. "Translocation des toxines bactériennes au travers d'une membrane cellulaire :caractérisation des paramètres physico-chimiques et structuraux impliqués dans le passage de la forme soluble à la forme membranaire et détermination de la topologie protéique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212009.
Full textFerchichi, Olfa. "Étude des propriétés structurales et spectroscopiques de peroxydes aux niveauxDFT et ab initio." Thesis, Reims, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REIMS017.
Full textThis PhD research is devoted to the study of the structural parameters and the IR and UV spectra of three peroxides which have been challenging scientists for many decades. The first result achieved in this thesis shows that the disagreement between experimentalists and theorists concerning the COOC torsional angle of dimethyl peroxide could be explained by a dynamic structure with a very slow torsional movement. A second study was carried out on the FOOF molecule for which theorists had failed, for decades, to obtain an accurate equilibrium structure. We successfully demonstrated that the true reason is related to the flatness of the potential energy surface, leading to large-amplitude motions. The equilibrium structure must therefore be averaged vibrationally to obtain accurate bond lengths. The last study concerns chlorine peroxide, ClOOCl, one of the key molecules contributing to stratospheric ozone depletion. The first result shows that the structure of ClOOCl not only needs to be averaged vibrationally but that core-valence correlation and relativistic effects must also be accounted for. The second result proves that the decomposition of ClOOCl into O2 + 2Cl on excited state surfaces does not occur in two steps, but follows a concerted mechanism. It has finally been demonstrated that the isomers ClClOO and ClOClO also contribute to the catalytic destruction of ozone. These results represent a completely new and unprecedented discovery
Chebab, Zine Elabidine. "Conception et commande collaborative de manipulateurs mobiles modulaires (C3M3)." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAC070/document.
Full textIn recent years, the concept of Industry 4.0 has led to new possibilities of use for mobile manipulators (MMs) that are generally made of a manipulator arm mounted on a mobile base. The current Ph.D. is focused on the synthesis and control of new cooperative MMs by defining three challenges. The first challenge concerns the widening of the fields of application of robots. Therefore, we define a modular robotic system based on the use of multiple MMs (mono robots or m-bots) that can be used as a global system (poly-robot or p-bot) for collaborative tasks. The second challenge concerns the definition of the kinematic structure of the MMs. We propose a new generic method of structural synthesis that allows to obtain multiple kinematic architectures for m-bots that respect the constraints imposed by the task and the workspace. This method is based on structural analysis of MMs by the evaluation of the structural parameters (connectivity, mobility, redundancy and overconstraint). The last challenge concerns the modelling and control of the new architectures for the new fields of application. Two control laws (PID control and hybrid force-position control) are proposed in order to realise the considered task. Their validation is done with advanced simulations
YOUSSEF, Michel. "Analyse de l'influence des paramètres structuraux et fonctionnels d'une cage thoracique sous chargement dynamique a l'aide d'un modèle simplifié." Phd thesis, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00992246.
Full textGingreau, Clémence. "Etude théorique et expérimentale de l'influence des paramètres structuraux sur la relaxation thermique de nano-composites excités par impulsions laser femtoseconde." Phd thesis, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00766093.
Full textDesrosiers, Mélissa. "Homéostasie phosphocalcique et vitamine D : effets sur le cartilage de croissance par la mesure des paramètres physiques, biochimiques et géniques liés à la croissance osseuse." Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8151.
Full textRasolomboahanginjatovo, Hasina Santatriniaina. "Relations entre le statut utérin, les paramètres biochimiques du sérum et du liquide de lavage utérin et la production d’embryons chez les vaches laitières après surovulation." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5154.
Full textThe developing embryo is dependent on the nutrients provided by the oviduct and the uterine fluid. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of SOV on uterine bacteriology and cytology, on serum and uterine biochemical parameters and consequently on the number of TE. Non-lactating (n=7) and lactating (n=28) Holstein cows were synchronized for estrus and superovulated respectively and were inseminated twice. Uterine bacteriology and cytology and various uterine and serum biochemical parameters were measured at day 7 of estrus cycle (D7, starting day of the SOV protocol) and at the designated day of embryo recovery (DER). Harvested embryos were evaluated according to IETS’s criteria. Superovulated cows produced an average of 7.39 ± 6.22 ova/embryos of which 3.32 ± 4.81 were TE. There were no significant variations of uterine bacteriology and cytology between D7 and DER within the two groups. Serum urea (P=0.0001), E2 (P=0.006); uterine Glu (P=0.002), Ck (P=0.0007), LDH (P<0.0001), TP (P=0.004), P4 (P=0.008), PGFM (P<0.0001) in group I and serum P4 (P<0.0001), PGFM (P<0.0001); uterine LDH (P=0.002), PGFM (P<0.0001) in group II were significantly higher at DER than at D7. At DER, group I was different to group II’ uterine and serum urea (P<0.0001 and P<0.0001), LDH (P<0.0001 and P=0.008), PGFM (P=0.002 and P=0.009), serum P4 (P=0.0002) and uterine TP (P=0.0003). There was no association between uterine bacteriology and cytology and the number of TE. However, TE was positively correlated with serum IGF-1 at D7 (r=0.45; P=0.001) and P4 at DER (r=0.43; P<0.05) and negatively correlated with both serum and uterine PGFM respectively at D7 (r=-0.54; P<0.005 and r=-0.67; P<0.001) and DER (r=-0.48; P<0.01 and r=-0.57; P<0.002). The present results infer that changes following SOV in both serum and uterine secretion may affect the number of TE.
Najid, Yassin. "Effets des diètes de remplacement du maïs sur les performances de croissance, le pH ruminal et les paramètres biochimiques sanguins chez les veaux de grains." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/12397.
Full textThe objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of partial or total replacement of corn in standard diet (MS) on growth performances, ruminal pH, and blood biochemical parameters in grain-fed calves. Four groups of 80 calves housed in 32 pens (10 calves/pen), were randomly assigned to four diets consisting of standard diet with corn and protein supplement (MS); reduced corn, canola meal and dried distiller’s corn grain with soluble diet (MCD); reduced corn, protein supplement and dried distiller’s corn grain with soluble diet (MSD), and rolled barley, canola meal and dried distiller’s corn grain with soluble diet (BCD). All diets were fed for 96 days and formulated according to starting (d0 to d54), growing (d55 to d85) and finishing phases (d86 to d96). Additional group of five calves fed a non-acidogenic control diet (CT) containing 1.4 kg of concentrate and grass hay ad libitum. Dry matter intake (DMI) was depressed in MSD at d96, compared to MS and BCD (p<0.001), however diets had no effects on BW. At d27, d54, and d85 average daily gains (ADGs) were similar, however at d96 they were greater in BCD (p<0.001) than in the other groups. Calves were slaughtered at approximately 267 Kg live weight and carcass yields in BCD were lower than that in MS and MSD (p<0.002). Durations of ruminal pH below 5.6 (DpH5.6) from d68 to d85 (P2) were similar in CT and BCD (p=0.09), and lower (p<0.001) than MS, MCD, and MSD. From d85 to d96 (P3), DpH5.6 in CT was lower (p<0.0001) than BCD. DpH5.6 in MS, MCD, and MSD diets were similar (p>0.83), and greater than that in BCD (p<0.0001). DpH5.6 had no significant effect on ADGs. At d68 and d96, the dietary treatments had no effect on L-lactate (p > 0.05), blood pH (p > 0.001; not significant after Bonferroni adjustement NSBA), and AnGap (p>0.009; NSBA). Dietary treatments had no effects on LBP at d0 and d68. At d96, LBP in CT was smaller than that of MS and MCD (p=0.001). Diets had no significant effects on epithelium and lamina propria (p=0>0.37), and liver abscess (p=0.80). Partial replacement of corn by dried distiller’s corn grain with soluble and/or Canola meal allowed a similar level of growth performances, did not decrease duration of acidic ruminal pH, and did not affect blood biochemical parameters. Total replacement of corn by rolled barley, dried distiller’s corn grain with soluble, and canola meal decreased duration of ruminal pH below 5.6, improved ADG at the finishing phase and did not affect blood biochemical parameters but slightly reduced carcass yield