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Journal articles on the topic 'Paramilitary forces – history'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 26 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Kosnáč, Pavol, Justin E. Lane, Monica Duffy Toft, and F. LeRon Shults. "Paramilitaries, parochialism, and peace: The moral foundations and personality traits of Slovenskí Branci." PLOS ONE 18, no. 3 (2023): e0281503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281503.

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Paramilitary organizations have increasingly become a cause for concern among policy makers and the media in recent years, in part because the former are often seen as a potential threat to peace (or at least to the status quo of the current political systems) in the countries in which they emerge. Organizations such as the Oathkeepers and 3 Percenters (also known as III%ers) in the United States have grown significantly in the last two decades, while paramilitary organizations playing a key role in both offensive and defensive actions in Crimea and the Donbas Region have become a focus of dis

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Fischerová, Barbora, and Jochen Böhler. "Security, Public Order and Paramilitarism in Poland and Czechoslovakia, 1918–1920: Comparative Considerations." Journal of Modern European History 20, no. 4 (2022): 468–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16118944221130216.

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This article investigates the struggle for control over the violence that the Second Polish Republic and the First Czechoslovak Republic fought during their early independence in 1918. As violence had spread throughout the European continent during World War I, it became a crucial post-war question to control its expansion throughout the societies, as different paramilitary groups started to take the law into their own hands, either to protect their co-citizen's interests, or to enforce their own political or economic ambitions, and very often both at the same time. Thus, the use and limitatio

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3

Jenzen-Jones, N. R. "Garłacz łzawiący: The Polish AWGŁ-3 Crowd-control System." Armax: The Journal of Contemporary Arms VIII, no. 1 (2022): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.52357/armax46158.

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This article provides a short summary of the development history, technical characteristics, and operational parameters of the Polish AWGŁ-3 teargas launcher and its ammunition. Although developed in the 1970s and deployed in Poland and other European countries in recent years, very little information is available on this weapon in the English language. With reference to a wide range of Polish-language sources, including original technical and operational manuals, the author elucidates the development history and operating principles of the AWGŁ-3. A brief review of employment principles and u

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Sheikh, Farooq Ahmad. "Kashmir valley, Militant, Kashmir History, violence, Curfewed, Kalashankov." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN HUMANITIES 1, no. 1 (2014): 10–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jah.v1i1.5150.

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Curfewed Night, apparently the firsthand account of a youth growing up in Kashmir during the peak of the insurgency, has attracted attention of people irrespective of profession and field of engagement. The book is in the form of a memoir of a journalist from Kashmir who leaves the valley first to pursue university education and later for a career. He himself, Kashmir, Militants and paramilitary forces are entities which bind the narrative, which otherwise is a collection of very commonly and ordinarily known events of Kashmiri life. He describes his life and events in and outside Kashmir, som

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Atanasova, Ivanka Nedeva. "Transborder Ethnic Minorities and Their Impact on the Security of Southeastern Europe*." Nationalities Papers 32, no. 2 (2004): 355–440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0090599042000230232.

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Ethnic issues have a paramount impact on the security of Southeastern Europe. The most recent proof of that has been NATO's involvement in the conflict between the Serbian government and the ethnic Albanians in Kosovo. Only NATO's involvement could reverse the highly destabilizing effect of the expulsion of over a million of the Kosovar Albanians by the Serb army and paramilitary forces beyond Kosovo's borders.

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Strohmeyer, Hansjörg. "Collapse and Reconstruction of Ajudicial System: The United Nations Missions in Kosovo and East Timor." American Journal of International Law 95, no. 1 (2001): 46–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2642036.

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Within the span of only a few months in 1999, the United Nations was faced with one of the greatest challenges in its recent history: to serve as an interim government in Kosovo and East Timor.In Kosovo, in response to massive attacks on the Kosovar Albanian population, including orchestrated and wide-scale “ethnic cleansing,” the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) conducted an eleven-week air campaign against Yugoslav and Serbian security forces and paramilitary groups. The campaign resulted in the agreement of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia to withdraw all Yugoslav and Serbian sec

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Özbek, Nadir. "POLICING THE COUNTRYSIDE: GENDARMES OF THE LATE 19TH-CENTURY OTTOMAN EMPIRE (1876–1908)." International Journal of Middle East Studies 40, no. 1 (2008): 47–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743807080087.

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This article lays groundwork for a more systematic history of the Ottoman gendarmerie (jandarma), here with special emphasis on the men in the corps and their working conditions. The gendarmerie, which before 1879 reform the Ottomans called asakir-i zabtiye, was a provincial paramilitary police organization established by bureaucrats of the Tanzimat state during the 1840s on an ad hoc basis. This force later acquired a more uniform and centralized character, becoming the empire's principal internal security organization. Through this paramilitary police institution, 19th-century Ottoman bureau

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Tate, Winifred. "Death Squads or Self Defense Forces? How Paramilitary Groups Emerge and Challenge Democracy in Latin America." Hispanic American Historical Review 91, no. 2 (2011): 368–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-1165424.

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Özbek, Nadir. "POLICING THE COUNTRYSIDE: GENDARMES OF THE LATE 19TH-CENTURY OTTOMAN EMPIRE (1876–1908)." International Journal of Middle East Studies 40, no. 1 (2008): 67a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743807080361.

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This article lays the groundwork for a more systematic history of the Ottoman gendarmerie (jandarma), with special emphasis on the men in the corps and their working conditions. Through this paramilitary police institution, 19th-century Ottoman bureaucrats aimed to extend their authority into the provinces, which at that time could be described as only marginally under Ottoman sovereignty according to contemporary definitions of the term. From the late 18th century on, extending state sovereignty to recognized territorial boundaries emerged as a vital need for most European states as well as t

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Prayuda, Rendi, Riski Syafrana, Rio Sundari, and M. Arsy Ash Shiddiqy. "Resolusi Konflik Internasional: Studi Kasus Konflik Bersenjata Sipil antara Sudan Armed Forces (SAF) dan Rapid Support Force (RSF) di Sudan." Andalas Journal of International Studies (AJIS) 13, no. 2 (2024): 211. https://doi.org/10.25077/ajis.13.2.211-222.2024.

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Sudan is located in the Sahel “Coup Belt” region, which has a long history of coups and military rule in Africa. Tensions peaked on April 15, 2023 when Rapid Support Force (RSF) paramilitary forces led by Mohamed Hamdan “Hemedti” Dagalo and Sudan Armed Forces (SAF) forces loyal to General Fattah al-Burhan fought in the capital region, Khartoum. This paper aims to analyze the conflict resolution of civil armed conflict between SAF and RSF in Sudan. This paper uses a qualitative method with documentation studies as a source of research information. The results of this study indicate that there a

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Străuțiu, Eugen, and Mihai Melintei. "Patriots of the Empire: Cossacks in the Dniester War (1992)." Hiperboreea 10, no. 2 (2023): 220–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/hiperboreea.10.2.0220.

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Abstract The participation of the Cossack formations in the military operations of Dniester in 1992, together with paramilitary forces recruited locally and supported politically and militarily by the Russian Federation, remains a topic known superficially at the level of public opinion and approached almost entirely by chance by qualified researchers. This article aims to put into circulation hitherto unused information; to systematize and interpret the information dissipated in the memoirs, contemporary media, and chronologies drawn up by the participants in the events; and to open the pheno

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del Hierro, Pablo. "The Neofascist Network and Madrid, 1945–1953: From City of Refuge to Transnational Hub and Centre of Operations." Contemporary European History 31, no. 2 (2021): 171–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777321000114.

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The aim of this paper is to trace the evolution of the neofascist networks from the vantage point, between 1945 and 1953, of Madrid, a city where a myriad of extreme right activists gathered to discuss and promote their cause at a transnational level. Exploring the local socio-political context in which these (neo)-fascists moved, and the networks that they formed, the study delves into the creation of ratlines crucial for fascists to escape from the Allied prosecution once the Second World War was over, the consolidation of the city as a central meeting point for fascists from all over the wo

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Sierra Becerra, Diana Carolina. "Historical Memory at El Salvador’s Museo de la Palabra y la Imagen." Latin American Perspectives 43, no. 6 (2016): 8–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x16665616.

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The civil war in El Salvador (1980–1992) resulted in the death of approximately 75,000 people, the vast majority killed by state and paramilitary forces. In the postwar era, the Museo de la Palabra y la Imagen in San Salvador promotes historical memory in order to denounce state violence and advance social justice. It departs from the historic role of museums in upholding ruling-class hegemony and offers a progressive model for disseminating and critically engaging with historical memory. This museum makes history relevant to younger generations through the use of oral history, popular pedagog

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Kurt, Burcu. "Diffusion of Power in Ottoman Iraq: Shebāna Regiments as a State Instrument in Politics of Centralization." Belleten 83, no. 297 (2019): 633–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2019.633.

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With the advent of the Tanzimat reforms, the theme of centralization put its mark on the domestic policies of the Ottoman Empire in which the state apparatus of the Empire had reconsolidated its power within the provinces. Considering the struggle between centre and periphery, this article particularly aims to focus on Shebāna Regiments which were an important instrument of establishing central authority in Ottoman Iraq. On the basis that the Shebāna Regiments, as paramilitary forces, were founded on a basis of obedience to state apparatus, this article suggests that the Shebāna Regiments were

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Makarevich, Gleb G. "What Sir Creek means to Pakistan: An Economic Need and a Military Necessity." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 5 (2022): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080017988-3.

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The author analyzes the territorial dispute between Pakistan and India over the Sir Creek situated in the Indus Delta. The article provides general information about the territorial dispute - its origins, historical development, legal aspect and the negotiation process. With the disputed area being rich in gas and oil resources, it is likely to be of great importance for ensuring energy security. However, the author posits that Sir Creek is of much greater value for Pakistan as one of the tools in the context of military confrontation with India. Lacking a tangible military advantage over its

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Laurén, Kirsi Maria. "From Silence to Recovery." Ethnologia Fennica 45 (December 25, 2018): 4–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.23991/ef.v45i0.66043.

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A paramilitary forces of Soviet partisans attacked villages and remote houses in the Finnish eastern borderlands during the Continuation War 1941–1944. They burned the houses, stole food and cattle, and killed women, children and elderly people. After the war, the actions of Soviet partisans against civilians were not discussed openly and extensively in public before the late 1990s. The long period of silence slew down or prevent the recovery from traumatic experiences. However, the villagers found their ways to remember and tell about the past events. This article discusses the personal narra

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Beehner, Lionel. "State-building, Military Modernization and Cross-border Ethnic Violence in Myanmar." Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs 5, no. 1 (2018): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2347797017748464.

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This article explains cross-border uses of force against ethnic armed groups along Myanmar’s bloody borders with China and Thailand. I trace the history of Burma’s ethnic disputes, its state-society relations, and the “modernization” of its military doctrine to understand how its state-building enterprise can shape the use of force along a state’s frontier. I treat each of the border regions as distinct sub-categories to highlight variation in the micro-dynamics as well as types and conditions under which the use of state-orchestrated violence occurs. First, I point to the role of greater stat

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Sribnyak, Іhor, and Dmytro Hryn. "THE UKRAINIAN PARAMILITARY MOVEMENT IN THE WETZLAR CAMP, GERMANY, 1916 – THE FIRST HALF OF 1918 (ACCORDING TO THE MATERIALS OF THE CAMP PRESS)." European Historical Studies, no. 26 (2023): 84–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2023.26.6.

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The article analyzes the peculiarities of the development of the Ukrainian paramilitary movement in the camp of Ukrainian prisoners of war Wetzlar (Germany) in 1916 – the first half of 1918, which began with the founding of the gymnastic society «Sich». Quite soon it turned into a paramilitary structure with a relatively small number of its members with a developed national worldview. Its members jointly performed gymnastic exercises accompanied by an orchestra, performed night duty in the camp, keeping an eye on fire safety. The turning point in the history of the society was December 1917, w

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Totir, Valentin-Costinel, and Ion Chiorcea. "Amenințări hibride la Marea Neagră – identificarea vulnerabilităților geografice și economice ale spațiului maritim al României." Gândirea Militară Românească 2024, no. 1 (2024): 78–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.55535/gmr.2024.1.05.

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With no clear evidence of its origin, hybrid warfare is a worldwide phenomenon, its effects having worldwide reverberations. Characterised by a very high adaptability and flexibility of the methods and procedures used, as well as the continuous expansion of the target audience or the area of coverage, hybrid warfare is not a new concept in human history. Overshadowed by the much higher degree of destruction and the very large number of human victims – specific to conventional war – unconventional actions – an integral part of hybrid war – often go unnoticed, but their effects are felt in all a

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Totir, Valentin-Costinel, and Ion Chiorcea. "Hybrid Threats in the Black Sea – Identifying Geographic and Economic Vulnerabilities of Romania’s Maritime Area." Romanian Military Thinking 2024, no. 1 (2024): 76–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.55535/rmt.2024.1.05.

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With no clear evidence of its origin, hybrid warfare is a worldwide phenomenon, its effects having worldwide reverberations. Characterised by a very high adaptability and flexibility of the methods and procedures used, as well as the continuous expansion of the target audience or the area of coverage, hybrid warfare is not a new concept in human history. Overshadowed by the much higher degree of destruction and the very large number of human victims – specific to conventional war – unconventional actions – an integral part of hybrid war – often go unnoticed, but their effects are felt in all a

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Artabaeva, Anzhelika Eduardovna. "Traditional ethnic imperatives in a cultural frontier." Uchenyy Sovet (Academic Council), no. 12 (December 10, 2024): 768–76. https://doi.org/10.33920/nik-02-2412-04.

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The article analyzes ethnic and cultural issues in modern conditions. Didactic models focused on educating a special type of personality, designed to protect the state system either from external enemies or from internal ones, have not lost their relevance throughout the history of humankind and were the basis of the pedagogical complexes of the USSR, both in the paramilitary part of Soviet society and in the civilian sector. In the latter, however, there was no concept of compulsory discipline and order, which were replaced in everyday life by the concepts of collective interest, duty, and mo

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Blinyaev, Semen N. "SOLDIERS’ UNREST DURING THE MOBILIZATION OF 1914 IN THE TERRITORY OF CHUVASHIA AND MARI EL (based on the materials of the State Archive of the Republic of Tatarstan)." Vestnik Chuvashskogo universiteta, no. 4 (December 25, 2022): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/1810-1909-2022-4-5-11.

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The article examines various aspects in the history of the Russian interior land using the example of peculiarities of the mobilization of 1914 in Kazan governorate within the borders of the republics that are currently part of the republics of Chuvashia and Mari El. On the basis of unpublished archival documents kept in the State Archive of the Republic of Tatarstan, the authors study the problem of interaction and coordination of executing the decisions of the center of regional police, military and city structures with the masses of conscripted soldiers and the local population during imple

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Maksimov, Konstantin N. "Мобилизационные мероприятия в Калмыкии в контексте укрепления обороноспособности СССР (конец 1920-х – 1930-е гг.)". Oriental Studies 15, № 5 (2022): 1008–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2022-63-5-1008-1021.

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Introduction. The article introduces newly discovered documents from Kalmykia’s National Archive and the State Archive of Russia (supplemented with other historical sources) to continue insights into pre-army training and conscription among the Kalmyks from the perspective of strengthening Soviet defense capability in pre-war years. Goals. The paper seeks to analyze mobilization arrangements to have aimed at increasing the country’s defense potentials on the basis of a mixed army recruitment system (professional and territorial principles) — in the period prior to the transition to a regular c

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Prince, C. P. "Kerala Deluge 2018: Ecological, Economic and Psychosocial Impacts and Management." Pearl Multidisciplinary Journal 5, no. 2 (2019): 52–74. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3638213.

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 The great deluge in Kerala occurred in August 2018 with death toll of 483 and 10 lakh people in rescue camps affected the entire state of Kerala in Indian subcontinent had devastating impact and was the most severe disaster of the century. Although floods are generally considered as natural disasters the deluge in Kerala had significant causative factors that it could be defined as both natural and manmade. This paper is an attempt to analyse quantitatively and qualitatively the economic, psychological and social impacts of the tragic event so as to identify the criterion and indicators

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Akhmedov, V. "Iran’s sectarian policy in the Arab countries of the Middle East." Pathways to Peace and Security, no. 1 (2024): 96–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/2307-1494-2024-1-96-122.

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The article explores the religious expansion of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Arab countries of the Middle East. Socio–political precipitants and motives of Iran’s religious policy in the region are addressed through the prism of the Syria crisis. Special attention is paid to a shifting paradigm of armed conflicts in the region as a factor influencing the rise of paramilitary forces (militia) and the choice of instruments of Iran’s humanitarian policy in Syria and Iraq. The history of various Shia militias in Syria and Iraq, their ideological basis and results of their activities are exa

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Vorona, Petro. "The defense army as an educational institute of the state: a comparative view of Ukraine and Israel." Bulletin of Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University. Pedagogical Sciences, no. 1 (2025): 9–19. https://doi.org/10.12958/3083-6514-2025-1-9-19.

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The article examines the Defense Army as an educational institution of the state. For this purpose, a comparative cross-sectional analysis was conducted regarding the course of this process in countries that at certain historical times were in similar historical conditions: Ukraine – Israel. It is noted that the Army is not only an institution guaranteeing «national security», but also an instrument for the formation of national identity. Moreover, it is not just about the army being used for superficial propaganda purposes to foster a sense of «patriotism» and instill a sense of «national ide

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Kaitukov, Georgy B. "ORGANIZATIONAL WORK OF THE MILITARY DEPARTMENTS OF THE PARTY COMMITTEES OF THE ALL-UNION COMMUNIST PARTY OF THE NORTH OSSETIAN ASSR DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR." History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus 17, no. 3 (2021): 606–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32653/ch173606-621.

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The challenges of the time require the application of new methodological principles in the study of numerous issues. This also applies to the history of the Great Patriotic War, which has become the focus of study since the middle of the last century. However, the introduction of a large number of new sources into the scientific discourse makes it possible to highlight gaps that require further study. These issues include the activities of the military departments of the party structure, which became an instrument for organizing the work of the home front. For the first time in regional histor

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Guego, Elodie. "IDPs in Colombia: The necessary step towards effective protection." Deusto Journal of Human Rights, no. 3 (December 11, 2017): 115–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18543/aahdh-3-2006pp115-166.

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The modern history of Colombia has been tied up to conflict and socio-political violence, directly linked to struggles over land and power, and the economic marginalisation of small farmers. The conflict is composed by a patchwork of guerrilla groups, paramilitary groups, poor farmers, drug cartels, and the regular army, which engage in criminal activities such as massacres against communities, selective assassinations and forced disappearances or use of anti-personal landmines, resulting in thousands of civilian victims and humanitarian catastrophes. The most notorious outcome of this catastr

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Gurda, Vedad, and Amar Lukavačkić. "Pojedina obilježja učinitelja i žrtava ratnih silovanja procesuiranih pred Sudom Bosne i Hercegovine." Historijski pogledi 6, no. 10 (2023): 397–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.52259/historijskipogledi.2023.6.10.397.

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During the international armed conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1992 to 1995, numerous crimes were committed, among which crimes of rape are at the top of the scale of brutality. It is estimated that between 20,000 and 50,000 women and girls were raped in the aforementioned conflict, of which the largest number of these atrocities were committed by members of the Army of the Republika Srpska (VRS), the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the RS (MUP RS) and related paramilitary formations against Bosniak (muslim) women. It is to be assumed that an extremely large number of perpetrators were

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Тимофеева, Е. Г., А. О. Тюрин та С. В. Лебедев. "Советские военизированные формирования в противостоянии с отрядом Сычёва: из истории борьбы с «движением зелёных» в Северо-Западном Прикаспии на завершающем этапе Гражданской войны". Caspian region: politics, economics, culture, № 1(78) (25 квітня 2025): 35–46. https://doi.org/10.54398/1818510x_2024_1_35.

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На завершающем этапе Гражданской войны в России волна сопротивления новой власти со стороны социума не утихала, она окрашивалась в разные цвета, охватывала различные территории, варьируя формы и средства борьбы. В период «трансформационных изменений» общественные настроения с невероятной силой колебались от поддержки до отторжения масштабных преобразований власти, осуществляемых зачастую крайне радикальными методами, приводившими к вооружённому противостоянию сторон. К числу слабоизученных проблем отечественной истории относятся вопросы организации борьбы советских военизированных формирований

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Sidorchuk, Ilya V. "THE SOVIET FEMALE WORKER AS AN OBJECT OF LEISURE POLICY IN THE 1920s." Ural Historical Journal 79, no. 2 (2023): 160–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2023-2(79)-160-168.

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The politicization of leisure was one of the components of agitation, propaganda, cultural and educational work, actively implemented by government in the early Soviet period. Among the objects of leisure policy, the work with which close attention was paid, it is possible to point out female workers. This led both to the imposition and artificial integration of a number of leisure practices into their lives, and to the real consideration of requests. The model of the new Soviet woman being created was in many ways similar to what could be observed in Western countries — athletic, strong, educ

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Katsikas, Stefanos. "Millets in Nation-States: The Case of Greek and Bulgarian Muslims, 1912–1923." Nationalities Papers 37, no. 2 (2009): 177–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905990902745726.

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It is estimated that, in 1913, less than 500,000 Muslims lived in the regions ruled by Greece and around 800,000 Muslims in those areas which were under the authority of the Bulgarian state. In the aftermath of the 1923 obligatory Greco-Turkish population exchange the number of Muslims in Greece reduced to approximately 200,000, of which around 180,000 lived in the region of Western Thrace and 20–25,000 Albanian-speaking Muslims, known as Çams, in Epirus and Greek South-West Macedonia. In the same period, the number of Muslims in Bulgaria was between 800,000 and one million people. Meanwhile,

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Bender, Yuri. "Events in Eastern Ukraine Through the Prism of a British Journalist's Study." Ukrainian Information Space, no. 2(8) (November 15, 2021): 74–97. https://doi.org/10.31866/2616-7948.2(8).2021.245828.

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The Ukrainian version of this article is the result of a thesis defended at Cambridge University (UK) for a master’s degree in international relations by a British journalist of Ukrainian descent Yuri Bender. The thesis was supervised by Dr. Rory Finnin, Associate Professor of Ukrainian Studies at the University of Cambridge. The author examines the events in eastern Ukraine that led to the secession of the socalled Donetsk People’s Republic and Luhansk People’s Republic and their further attempts to function as separate autonomous regions (statelets). This study is based not

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Balázs, Kántás. "THE BOMB OUTRAGE IN ERZSÉBETVÁROS - AN ACTION OF POLITICAL TERRORISM IN HUNGARY, 1922." July 9, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5084990.

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In the 1920s, paramilitary violence was an almost natural phenomenon in Hungary, like in many other countries of Central Europe. After the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire the new right-wing government, establishing its power with the help of the Entente powers, could difficulty rule the quasi anarchistic conditions. In 1920–1921, Hungary was terrorized by irregular military formations that were formally part of the National Army, and radical right-wing soldiers committed serious crimes frequently by anti-Semitic motivations. Although paramilitary violence ceased in 1921, the m

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Balázs, KÁNTÁS. "THE BOMB ATTACK IN CSONGRÁD. A CASE STUDY OF RADICAL RIGHT-WING PARAMILITARISM AND POLITICAL TERRORISM IN HUNGARY IN THE 1920s." August 6, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5167684.

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In the 1920s, paramilitary violence was an almost natural phenomenon in Hungary, like in many other countries of Central Europe. After the Great War and the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire the new right-wing government, establishing its power with the help of the Entente powers, could difficulty rule the quasi anarchistic conditions. In 1920–1921, Hungary was terrorized by irregular military formations that were formally part of the National Army, and radical right-wing soldiers committed serious crimes frequently by anti-Semitic motivations. Although paramilitary violence cea

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Balázs, KÁNTÁS. "CONSOLIDATION WITH GRENADES, THAT IS, THE ASSASSINATION ATTEMPT IN JÁSZKARAJENŐ, 1922 A CHAPTER OF POLITICAL TERRORISM IN HUNGARY." August 6, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5167927.

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In the 1920s, paramilitary violence was an almost natural phenomenon in Hungary, like in many other countries of Central Europe. After the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire the new right-wing government, establishing its power with the help of the Entente powers, could difficulty rule the quasi anarchistic conditions. In 1920–1921, Hungary was terrorized by irregular military formations that were formally part of the National Army, and radical right-wing soldiers committed serious crimes frequently by anti-Semitic motivations. Although paramilitary violence ceased in 1921, the m

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Ramirez Suarez, Yenny Carolina. "Divergent citizenships: Social urbanism and hip hop collectives in Comuna 13 (Medellin - Colombia)." Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space, May 25, 2023, 239965442311778. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23996544231177823.

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The bombing attacks against the civilian population promoted by the Colombian State in alliance with paramilitary groups (2001–2002) marked the history of the Comuna 13, a popular territory located on the slopes of Medellin. It has faced processes of structural, political and criminal violence for nearly 50 years. Its stigmatization as a space in conflict has justified military incursions as anti-subversive strategies. More recently, urban interventions based on the “social urbanism” model promoted by the municipal government have sought to pacify the population by means of sophisticated infra

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MCDUIE-RA, DUNCAN. "Mobilizing Bodies and Body Parts, from Myanmar to Manipur: Medical connections through borderlands in ‘transition’." Modern Asian Studies, January 14, 2021, 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x2000027x.

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Abstract This article focuses on cross-border medical connections between Myanmar and Manipur, India. Non-state actors have been instrumental in creating the networks to bring bodies and body parts back and forth, first bypassing, then enmeshing, state actors. I focus on the movement of patients and medical samples across the border—from western Myanmar to Imphal city and back again—and the health infrastructure that enables it. Analysing these connections makes several contributions to the study of border governance. First, movement from Myanmar to Manipur is primarily for treatment or diagno

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Balázs, Kántás. "THE PLAN OF THE WHITE INTERNATIONALE SECRET HUNGARIAN–BAVARIAN–AUSTRIAN–RUSSIAN MILITARY NEGOTIATIONS AND ATTEMPTS OF FORMING A MILITARY LEAGUE TO REVISE THE PEACE TREATIES OF PARIS, 1919–1923." November 8, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7306060.

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After the signing of the Peace Treaty of Versailles, some politicians of the defeated states, mainly those in Germany and the successor states of the disintegrated Austro–Hungarian monarchy were very unsatisfied with the defeat and the considerable territorial losses, and sought the possibility of revision, including the help of possible allies. From 1919 onwards, Hungary’s new right-wing political leadership continued to actively seek contacts with German-speaking, mainly Bavarian and Austrian radical right-wing political forces and their associated paramilitary formations. On the

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Cahyani, Eva Suchi Adi. "EKSPEDISI LINTAS LAUT JAWA-SULAWESI OLEH ALRI DIVISI VI PASUKAN SEBERANG TAHUN 1946-1947." MOZAIK Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora 13, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/mozaik.v13i1.48909.

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AbstrakMasa Perang Kemerdekaan tahun 1945-1950 merupakan masa krusial bagi bangsa Indonesia dalam rangka mempertahankan kemerdekaannya. Angkatan Laut Republik Indonesia (ALRI) sebagai representasi kekuatan militer matra laut telah menunjukkan eksistensinya di awal perintisan kemerdekaan dengan mengadakan Ekspedisi Lintas Laut ke luar Pulau Jawa. Menggunakan metode sejarah kritis, penelitian ini melalui beberapa tahapan yakni heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ALRI Divisi VI Pasukan Seberang mempunyai peran penting dalam menyebarlua

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Prada Ramírez, Maria, and Emma Murphy. "The Right to Peace and the Right to Stay: Insights From Approaches to Peace and Migration in Colombia." Journal on Migration and Human Security, January 26, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1177/23315024241309721.

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Executive Summary This paper examines the right to peace and the right to stay in the context of Colombia. Colombia’s status as a nation that experienced extraordinary levels of violence, human rights violations, internal and external displacement, and conflict between state, guerilla, paramilitary, and cartels over at least five decades, makes it a critical site for understanding and responding to migration and forced displacement. The article describes the 2016 peace agreement and outlines the work of its Truth Commission in moving toward an adoption of the right to peace and the connection

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Siddiqi, Haaris. "Protecting Autonomy of Rohingya Women in Sexual and Reproductive Health Interventions." Voices in Bioethics 7 (September 27, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.52214/vib.v7i.8615.

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Photo by Sébastien Goldberg on Unsplash ABSTRACT Rohingya women face challenges that ought to be acknowledged and addressed to ensure that when they seek health care, they can act autonomously and decide freely among available options. Self-determination theory offers valuable insight into supporting these women within their unique situations. INTRODUCTION In August of 2017, military and paramilitary forces in Myanmar began purging the Rohingya Muslim population from the country, motivated by anti-Muslim prejudice of the Buddhist political and social majority. Mass murder, property destruction

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