Academic literature on the topic 'Paraneoplastic form'
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Journal articles on the topic "Paraneoplastic form"
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Firsty, Naufal Nandita. "RS3PE as Paraneoplastic Rheumatic Syndrome." SCRIPTA SCORE Scientific Medical Journal 2, no. 2 (2021): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/scripta.v2i2.4387.
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Background: RS3PE stands for remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema thus described in some literature worldwide as a group of symptoms or a syndrome and first described by McCarty in 1985. RS3PE is also known as a rare form of rheumatology pathologic condition correlates with inflammatory arthritis. In past years, the diagnosis of RS3PE should raise the clinician suspicion of the more aggressive possibility of underlying malignancy. Rheumatology and malignancy can share some of its symptoms in various ways, especially in the musculoskeletal system as the main rheumatology focus. Methods: Literature review is the used method that focused on publication between January 2011 to 2020 to keep up with the current medical science, which is done using certain keywords. Discussion: There is a plethora of literature describing paraneoplastic syndrome and its relation with underlying malignancy, especially prostate and lung adenocarcinoma. RS3PE itself is closely related to VEGF either its idiopathic form or paraneoplastic form; thus, the clinical feature appears similar. In terms of malignancies, VEGF acts as a key role in its pathology as an important growth factor because of VEGF nature as a potent angiogenic molecule. In some malignancies, the VEGF level also appears to be higher than normal, thus suggesting an explanation of paraneoplastic syndrome’s nature. Conclusion: RS3PE has been strongly correlated with several malignancies mostly prostate cancer; thus should raise the awareness of clinician its signs and symptoms exist in a ce1rtain risky group even if the “pure” form of RS3PE exists. Keywords: malignancy, paraneoplastic syndrome, rheumatology, RS3PE Latar Belakang: RS3PE merupakan singkatan dari remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema sehingga dideskripsikan pada berbagai literatur di seluruh dunia sebagai kumpulan gejala atau sindroma yang pertama kali disebutkan oleh McCarty pada tahun 1985. RS3PE juga diketahui sebagai bentuk kondisi reumatologi patologis yang berkorelasi dengan artritis inflamatorik. Beberapa tahun terakhir, diagnosis dari RS3PE harus meningkatkan kecurigaan seorang praktisi kesehatan terhadap keganasan yang melatarbelakangi. Reumatologi dan keganasan juga memiliki beberapa kesamaan perihal gejala dalam bentuk yang berbeda-beda terlebih pada sistem muskuloskeletal sebagai fokus utama reumatologi. Metode: Tinjauan pustaka merupakan metode yang digunakan dan berfokus pada publikasi pada rentang waktu Januari 2011 hingga Desember 2020 sehingga penulisan manuskrip ini masih berdasarkan pengetahuan medis yang terbarukan dan dilakukan menggunakan beberapa kata kunci. Pembahasan: Cukup banyak manuskrip yang telah diterbitkan untuk mendeskripsikan sindroma paraneoplastik dan korelasinya terhadap suatu keganasan. RS3PE, sebagai suatu sindroma paraneoplastik telah dilaporkan oleh berbagai praktisi kesehatan seluruh dunia mengenai korelasinya tehadap beberapa patologi keganasan terutama pada organ prostat, paru, dan kolorektal. RS3PE sendiri erat dikaitkan dengan VEGF baik bentuk idiopatiknya ataupun bentuk paraneoplastiknya. Perihal keganasan, VEGF memiliki peranan yang cukup vital dalam patologinya terkhusus pada faktor pertumbuhan oleh karena sifat dari VEGF sebagai molekul angiogenik potensial. Pada beberapa keganasan, nilai VEGF ditemukan lebih tinggi daripada populasi normal sehingga diduga, menjelaskan penyebab dari suatu kejadian sindroma paraneoplastic. Kesimpulan: RS3PE telah dikorelasikan dengan erat terhadap beberapa keganasan terutama kanker prostat dan kanker kolorektal dengan jumlah yang lebih sedikit sebagai etiologi dari RS3PE sebagai suatu sindroma paraneoplastik walaupun bentuk idiopatiknya ada. Kata Kunci: keganasan, reumatologi, RS3PE, sindroma paraneoplastik
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Stelmashchuk, D. R., and O. O. Kopchak. "Subacute paraneoplastic neuropathy as a form of “classic” paraneoplastic syndrome (literature review)." INTERNATIONAL NEUROLOGICAL JOURNAL 20, no. 2 (2024): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/2224-0713.20.2.2024.1053.
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The article reviews the problem of paraneoplastic neurological syndromes with a focus on paraneoplastic subacute neuropathy. It outlines clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria of the 2021 PNS-Care Score, recommended methods of patients’ examination and treatment for paraneoplastic sensory neuropathies. The relevance of this article is driven by the overall increase in cancers in the population and, consequently, the rise in the frequency of paraneoplastic syndromes. Given that paraneoplastic syndromes can arise at any stage of oncological disease, both in diagnosed cancer and in preclinical stages preceding the detection of primary cancer, a review of this topic is beneficial for early diagnosis and improvement of treatment outcomes.
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Vilmis, D. A., J. N. Melikova, and A. V. Chechneva. "Systemic effect of the oncological process on the dog’s body." Agrarian science 1, no. 10 (2024): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2024-387-10-37-43.
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The article presents the results of an analysis of a non-randomized study of the prevalence of paraneoplastic syndromes in primary spontaneous malignant neoplasms in dogs. The study was conducted in 2022–2024 on the basis of the Department of Diseases of Small Domestic, Laboratory and Exotic Animals and the Research Laboratory of Oncology, Ophthalmology and Animal Biochemistry of the Russian Biotechnological University “ROSBIOTECH”. The object of the study were 948 dogs with primary spontaneous malignant neoplasms confirmed by morphological methods.The aim of the work was to study the frequency of paraneoplastic syndromes in dogs with neoplasia.The diagnosis of paraneoplastic syndrome was made by excluding other possible etiological factors for the development of clinical and laboratory abnormalities identified during a comprehensive examination of dogs. As a result of the study, the incidence of paraneoplasia was 54.54% of cases. Hematological (44.41%) and gastrointestinal (37.13%) paraneoplastic syndromes were most often recorded, less often endocrine (3.27%) and ophthalmological (3.38%), extremely rarely renal (1.27%), osteoarticular (0.42%) and dermatological (0.42%). The main hematological manifestations of the systemic effect of the oncological process were: anemia (12.87%), neutrophilic leukocytosis (12.76%) and thrombocytopenia (8.86%). Gastrointestinal paraneoplastic syndrome in most cases was manifested by a decrease in body weight (33.65%) and hyporexia (18.04%), inflammatory and erosive ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract (7.59%). During the study, a case of a nonspecific systemic reaction to a malignant tumor in the form of fever in the absence of infectious and inflammatory processes (0.11%) was registered.
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Oki, Y., H. Koike, M. Iijima, et al. "Ataxic vs painful form of paraneoplastic neuropathy." Neurology 69, no. 6 (2007): 564–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000266668.03638.94.
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Djuanda, Stephanie Natasha, and Willy Sandhika. "Paraneoplastic dermatoses." Romanian Journal of Medical Practice 19, no. 3 (2024): 320–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjmp.2024.3.16.
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The skin is a window to changes deep organ. Several skin lesions indicate a deep organ malignancy. An abrupt onset of multiple seborrheic keratosis indicates a deep organ malignancy, acanthosis nigricans can be a sign of malignancy at another organ. There is a form of pemphigus that occurs in corresponding to lymphoma or other neoplasm. Dermatomyositis is an autoimmune disease that involves skin and muscle, however it can be a sign to other organ malignancy. Sweet syndrome can indicate a myeloproliferative or lymphoproliferative disorder. Pyoderma gangrenosum can be a sign to other neoplastic disease. Understanding skin lesion would help us to seek and identify other organ malignancy in early stage.
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Vacaras, Vitalie, Enia Eleonora Cucu, Roxana Radu, and Dafin Fior Muresanu. "Paraneoplastic Stiff Person Syndrome in Early-Stage Breast Cancer with Positive Anti-Amphiphysin Antibodies." Case Reports in Neurology 12, no. 3 (2020): 339–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000508942.
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Stiff person syndrome (SPS) is a rare neurologic disorder, characterized by muscle rigidity and spasms. Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD) antibodies are associated with the classic form of SPS, while antibodies against amphiphysin are associated with the paraneoplastic form of the disease. We present the case of a patient with paraneoplastic SPS, presenting with muscle cramps of lower extremities that progressed to severe muscle rigidity and spasms, associated with a right breast tumor and positive anti-amphiphysin antibodies. Paraneoplastic SPS is a rare neurological disorder, challenging for the physicians both to diagnose and treat.
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Pappova, T., J. Pec, A. Kozarova, and K. Adamicova. "Cutaneous Paraneoplastic Manifestation (Morphea, Lichen Sclerosus) – Two Case Reports." Acta Medica Martiniana 17, no. 1 (2017): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/acm-2017-0004.
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Abstract Internal malignancy may be presented in the form of paraneoplastic syndromes, which may indicate either formation or recurrence of a previously treated malignancy. Furthermore cutaneous paraneoplastic disorders often precede a diagnosis of cancer. We present 2 unique case reports with cutaneous paraneoplastic manifestations. The first one describes a patient with sudden progression of long-term stabilized morphea in connection with newly diagnosed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The second one describes female patient with breast cancer preceded by the development of extragenital lichen sclerosus (LS) with typical sclerotic lesions and hemorrhagic bullae.
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Vardy, Daniel A., Laurent Klapholz, Chaim Brautbar, et al. "Castleman's disease associated pemphigus. A form of paraneoplastic pemphigus." Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 4, no. 3 (1995): 273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.1995.tb00350.x.
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Mahajan, Vikram K., Vikas Sharma, Pushpinder S. Chauhan, et al. "Paraneoplastic Pemphigus: A Paraneoplastic Autoimmune Multiorgan Syndrome or Autoimmune Multiorganopathy?" Case Reports in Dermatological Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/207126.
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Paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP), a clinically and immunopathologically distinct mucocutaneous blistering dermatosis, is a severe form of autoimmune multiorgan syndrome generally associated with poor therapeutic outcome and high mortality. This IgG-mediated disease is initiated by an obvious or occult lymphoproliferative disorder in most cases. Clinically severe mucositis, and polymorphic blistering skin eruptions, and histologically acantholysis, keratinocyte necrosis and interface dermatitis are its hallmark features. A 58-year-old female presented with recurrent, severe, recalcitrant stomatitis and widespread erosions/blistering lesions of one-year duration. Treatment with repeated courses of systemic corticosteroids at a peripheral center would provide temporary relief. She also had fever, productive cough, odynophagia and poor oral intake, herpes zoster ophthalmicus, pain in the abdomen, and watery diarrhea. An array of investigations revealed chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), mediastinal and para-aortic lymphadenopathy, bronchiolitis obliterans, and vertebral osteoporosis/fractures. With the diagnosis of CLL-associated PNP she was managed with dexamethasone-cyclophosphamide pulse (DCP) therapy for 3 cycles initially, followed by COP regimen (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisolone) for 5 cycles. Remission is being maintained with chlorambucil and prednisolone pulse therapy once in 3 weeks with complete resolution of skin lesions and adequate control of CLL.
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Horák, Ondřej, and Štefánia Aulická. "Malignant catatonia due to anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis in a 15-year-old girl: case report and summary of current knowledge." Neuropsychiatry (London) Journal 6, no. 4 (2016): 6. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14723808.
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Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis is a recently identified autoimmune disorder with a prominent neuropsychiatric presentation. We present the case of a 15-yearold girl with partial complex seizures with secondary generalization and acute mania with psychotic features. A positive diagnosis of anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis suggested the specific treatment. Despite first-line immune treatment, the patient progressed to stupor, malignant catatonia, and autonomic instability with the risk of cardiopulmonary function failure. She improved after second-line immunosuppressive therapy (cyclophosphamide and rituximab simultaneously). Post-cognitive sequelae (memory impairment and deliberation) disappeared within 8 months of follow-up treatment and intensive cognitive rehabilitation. This case report emphasizes the importance of differential diagnosis and adequate treatment of catatonic syndrome, especially in young adults. Early recognition and adequate treatment is essential for a good outcome for the patients.
Books on the topic "Paraneoplastic form"
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Cassidy, Jim, Donald Bissett, Roy A. J. Spence OBE, Miranda Payne, and Gareth Morris-Stiff. Paraneoplastic syndromes. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199689842.003.0027.
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Probasco, John C. Paraneoplastic Neurological Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0090.
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Paraneoplastic neurological disorders (PNDs) are estimated to affect approximately 0.01% of all patients with cancer. The majority of PNDs are thought to be the byproduct of immune-mediated processes directed against tumor-related antigens, processes which are sometimes effective against a systemic cancer. The inciting cancer is often asymptomatic or occult, with patients presenting to the neurologist with a variety of neurological symptoms and signs depending on the area(s) of the central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous system involved. The diagnosis of a PND is reserved for patients with histologically proven cancer; however, clinical presentation and diagnostic test results may make the diagnosis of a PND highly probable in the absence of the diagnosis of a cancer.
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Leung, Doris G. Other Proven and Putative Autoimmune Disorders of the Peripheral Nervous System. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0098.
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Myasthenia gravis is in most cases an autoimmune disorder of the neuromuscular junction in which antibodies are directed at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors or other synaptic proteins, such as the MusK protein that is involved in the formation of the formation and maturation of the motor endplate. Less commonly, myasthenia gravis can result from antibodies directed to presynaptic calcium channels as a side effect of paraneoplastic antibodies (Lambert-Eaton syndrome) or from a developmental paucity of acetylcholine receptors in the neonatal form of the disease. Treatment is usually a combination of aceetylcoholinesterase inhibitors such as pyridostigmine to prolong the life of acetylcholine released at the neuromuscular junction and/or drugs such as corticosteroids aimed at reducing inflammation.
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Selva-O’Callaghan, Albert, and Ernesto Trallero-Araguás. Association with malignancy. Edited by Hector Chinoy and Robert Cooper. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198754121.003.0008.
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Nearly one-third of adult myositis patients additionally have some type of associated cancer, observed most commonly in dermatomyositis patients. The relationship between cancer and myositis is generally considered a paraneoplastic phenomenon; that is, in one way or another, the two conditions are related. A parallel course of the diseases—myositis improves after cancer is cured and when cancer recurs, myositis worsens—is considered a classical paraneoplastic criterion. Nevertheless, this parallel clinical course does not always occur in true cancer-associated myositis, or perhaps it cannot be seen because of the interference of therapy. Based on epidemiologic studies, the current gold standard for the diagnosis of cancer-associated myositis is a temporal criterion: diagnosis of the two diseases within a 3-year period, although to a certain extent, this is an arbitrary standard.
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Vincent, Angela. Neuroimmunology. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199658602.003.0015.
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This chapter relates to antibody-mediated disorders throughout the nervous system. Early papers recall how use of bungarotoxin, passive transfer experiments in mice, and clinical response to plasma exchange confirmed the role of acetylcholine receptor antibodies in myasthenia gravis. Cutting edge techniques subsequently discovered other key neuromuscular junctional proteins, including muscle-specific kinase an additional target for antibodies. Later papers report the link between brain inflammation and severe amnesia, paraneoplastic and non-paraneoplastic, and the identification of the first pathogenic antibodies to a central nervous system (CNS) receptor in Rasmussen’s syndrome. The first report of “Morvan’s syndrome” is followed by a single patient with antibodies immunoprecipitating potassium channels who improved remarkably with plasma exchange. Lastly, the patients in the 1920’s encephalitis lethargica epidemic described in detail by von Economo, exhibited many of the features now recognised as caused by antibodies to various CNS receptors and associated membrane proteins.
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Anderson, Mark D., and Karl E. Misulis. Neuro-Oncology. Edited by Karl E. Misulis and E. Lee Murray. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190259419.003.0025.
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Cancers require neurologic care for multiple facets of evaluation and diagnosis. Among the most common are diagnosis of a CNS mass lesion, localization and diagnosis of new focal deficits, seizures or encephalopathy in cancer patients, suspected paraneoplastic disorders, and neurologic complications of cancer treatment. This chapter discusses common and important disorders likely to be encountered in a hospital neurology practice.
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Miller, Aaron E., and Teresa M. DeAngelis. NMDA Receptor Encephalitis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199732920.003.0029.
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NMDA receptor encephalitis is a rare and underdiagnosed autoimmune mediated, often paraneoplastic, syndrome seen in young women with idiopathic neuropsychiatric illness. It is a potentially fatal illness and early identification and treatment can have critical prognostic implications. In this chapter, we review the typical clinical and laboratory features, which should raise suspicion for this condition, and therapeutic and supportive care recommendations.
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Caraceni, Augusto, Cinzia Martini, and Fabio Simonetti. Neurological problems in advanced cancer. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0141.
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Neurological complications are frequent in populations with advanced cancer. An adequate neurological assessment is always important in addressing pain, cognitive symptoms, and peripheral and central nervous system complications. This chapter discusses a variety of neurological problems found in advanced cancer together with their clinical aspects and management, including some suggested regimens for pharmacological therapy. Complications that are discussed include intracranial hypertension, seizures in patients with advanced illness (including a suggested algorithm for the management of status epilepticus), delirium, brain metastases, spinal cord compression (including an algorithm for the evaluation of back pain), leptomeningeal metastases, base of the skull and cranial nerve syndromes, and paraneoplastic neurological syndromes.
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Cohen, Jeffrey A., Justin J. Mowchun, Victoria H. Lawson, and Nathaniel M. Robbins. A 46-Year-Old Man with Double Vision and Proximal Leg Weakness. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190491901.003.0033.
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Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) can be a difficult condition to diagnose. In this chapter, the clinical picture and characteristics are discussed. The pathophysiology is also reviewed. Features to distinguish LEMS from more common neuromuscular junction conditions such as myasthenia gravis are reviewed. We review features that distinguish between idiopathic and paraneoplastic forms, and we discuss the importance of tumor surveillance. Antibody testing and the correct electrodiagnostic strategy are presented. Treatment of LEMS is outlined.Lambert-Eaton syndrome (LES) is a difficult condition to diagnose. The unique clinical picture and its characteristics are discussed. This is especially true in the patient without a diagnois of cancer. Antibody testing and the correct electrodiagnostic strategy are presented. Treatment of LES is outlined.
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Cornblath, David R., and Richard A. C. Hughes. Peripheral neuropathy. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199658602.003.0013.
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Disorders of peripheral nerves are one of the most common neurological problems today and include the increasing number of people with diabetes worldwide and those with inherited neuropathy, toxic neuropathy, carpal tunnel syndrome, inflammatory neuropathy, radiculopathies, and, increasingly, traumatic nerve injuries. Neuropathic pain is a growing problem without solution. In this chapter, ten landmark papers in peripheral nerve disorders have been selected, covering Bell’s palsy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, carpal tunnel syndrome, paraneoplastic neuropathy, neurophysiology, familial amyloid polyneuropathy, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, toxic neuropathy, diabetic neuropathy, and Guillain–Barré syndrome. These important papers set the stage for many subsequent advances in the field but may be forgotten now, so they are brought to the reader’s attention.
Book chapters on the topic "Paraneoplastic form"
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DeRight, Jonathan. "Paraneoplastic Syndrome." In Essential Neuropsychology: A Concise Handbook for Adult Practitioners. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85372-3_32.
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Miller, Aaron E., Tracy M. DeAngelis, Michelle Fabian, and Ilana Katz Sand. "Teratoma: “It’s Driving Me Crazy”." In Neuroimmunology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190693190.003.0018.
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Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is a severe, but often reversible, form of encephalitis associated with autoantibodies to the NR1–NR2 heteromers of the NMDA receptor. It is a paraneoplastic, immune-mediated condition predominantly affecting young women with ovarian teratomas. Encephalitis in the setting of an ovarian tumor should immediately raise suspicion for anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis, a paraneoplastic syndrome, which is typically underdiagnosed and can be fatal. Clinical presentation involves a prodromal viral-like illness, followed by neuropsychiatric disturbances, dysautonomia, seizures, dyskinetic movements, and potential progression to coma and possibly death. Early diagnosis and treatment with immunotherapy and tumor removal are instrumental in optimizing patient outcomes, as this is a potentially reversible condition.
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Ruddon, Raymond W. "Sequelae of Cancer and Its Treatment." In Cancer Biology. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195175448.003.0008.
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Abstract A malignant tumor growing in vivo produces a number of effects on the host (Table 8–1). The end result of one or more of these effects is what ultimately proves fatal. The effects of a growing cancer in a patient may include fever, anorexia (loss of appetite), weight loss and cachexia (body wasting), infection, anemia, and various hormonal and neurologic symptoms. These may occur out of proportion to the size of the tumor. A relatively small tumor may cause many symptoms, whereas another tumor may produce few symptoms and remain occult until it is far advanced and has metastasized. Malignant tumors affect host functions by compression, invasion, and destruction of normal tissues as well as by the elaboration of substances that circulate in the bloodstream. The effects of tumor-produced factors are called collectively the paraneoplastic syndromes. Approximately 15% of patients hospitalized with advanced malignancy will have clinically apparent systemic effects in organ systems distant from the primary neoplasm, even though there is no evidence of metastasis to the affected organ. From 50% to 75% of cancer patients eventually experience a paraneoplastic syndrome. A common form of paraneoplastic syndrome is related to ectopic hormone production by growing tumors.
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Newsom-Davis, John, and Bethan Lang. "The Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome." In Myasthenia gravis And myasthenic disorders. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195129700.003.0009.
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Abstract The first clinical description of the Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS), in its paraneoplastic form, appeared in 1953 in a paper by Anderson and associates,2 who, in their brief introduction, write as follows: “the presence of severe muscle weakness in a case of bronchial neoplasm seen in this hospital in 1951, and its almost immediate disappearance after removal of the tumor, suggested that such neoplasms might give rise to an unusual form of peripheral neuropathy, possibly similar to myasthenia gravis.” As we shall see, this was a highly percipient observation. Studies over the next 40 years were to establish the peripheral nerve as the site of involvement, the similarity between LEMS and myasthenia gravis (MG) both with respect to the site of the abnormality (neuromuscular junction) and the nature of the disorder (autoantibody mediated), and the role of the cancer in triggering and sustaining the disorder.
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Fanine de Souza, Felipe, Julia Petry Trevisani, and Felipe Ibiapina dos Reis. "Clinical, Pathophysiological and Electrodiagnostic Aspects of Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome." In Physiology. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.111700.
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Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) is characterized by an autoimmune disorder of the neuromuscular junction, which, through a reduction in nerve terminal acetylcholine release mediated by antibodies against functional voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) of the P/Q in presynaptic nerve terminals, leads to proximal muscle weakness, in addition to autonomic dysfunction and areflexia, constituting the classic triad of symptoms. The syndrome presents itself in two forms: the paraneoplastic form—resulting mainly from small cell lung carcinoma—and the underlying autoimmune form. With clinical suspicion of the disease, the diagnosis can be made through serological and electrophysiological tests, which present typical findings and reflect the existence of a presynaptic transmission defect. Treatment is based on early screening and removal of the etiological agent, which in the most common case is the treatment of the underlying cancer. In patients whose symptoms affect their daily activities, some medications can intervene in the search for a better quality of life, such as amifampridine, pyridostigmine and 3,4-diaminopyridine (3,4-DAP). It must be remembered, however, that LEMS has a significant impact on the patient’s quality of life and ability to perform daily activities and therefore warrants timely diagnosis and adequate treatment in itself.
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Chimelli, Leila, and Françoise Gray. "Acquired Diseases of the Nervous System." In Escourolle and Poirier's Manual of Basic Neuropathology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190675011.003.0009.
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This chapter describes and illustrates the different neuropathological changes observed in a wide range of systemic acquired metabolic diseases that affect the central or peripheral nervous systems: hypoxia, hypoglycemia, hyperthermia, disorders of serum electrolytes, vitamin deficiencies, and exogenous intoxications, particularly alcoholism and intoxications by drugs, methanol, and heavy metals. In the central nervous system, lesions may find expression via selective involvement of some brain regions, with simultaneous complete preservation of others. The pathogenesis of the predisposition to injury for a particular anatomic region or for some specific set of cell types (neurons mostly) varies considerably form one disease to another and is undoubtedly multifactorial. The chapter also considers central nervous system abnormalities secondary to systemic diseases, including respiratory encephalopathies, hepatic encephalopathy, multifocal necrotizing leukoencephalopathy, and paraneoplastic encephalomyelopathies.
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Likosky, David, S. Andrew Josephson, Michael J. Pistoria, and W. David Freeman. "Paraneoplastic Neurologic Disorders." In Neurology for the Hospitalist. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199969630.003.0023.
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"Paraneoplastic and Related Forms of Encephalitis." In Encephalitis. CRC Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/9781420013979-21.
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Valencia-Sanchez, Cristina, and Maciej M. Mrugala. "Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes." In Neuro-Oncology Compendium for the Boards and Clinical Practice, edited by Maciej M. Mrugala, Na Tosha N. Gatson, Sylvia C. Kurz, Kathryn S. Nevel, and Jennifer L. Clarke. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197573778.003.0024.
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Abstract Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) are immune-mediated disorders that occur as a result of autoimmune responses triggered by the ectopic expression of neuronal proteins in cancer cells. Patients typically present with subacute multifocal symptoms involving any area of the central and/or peripheral nervous systems. The neurologic disorder usually appears before the cancer has been identified. Recognition of the syndromes and antibody testing in serum and cerebrospinal fluid are essential for an early diagnosis and detection of an underlying malignancy. Each of these antibodies is predominantly associated with a different type of tumor, so the antibody detected is useful to guide diagnostic tests used to search for an underlying tumor. Treatment of these syndromes includes immunosuppressive therapies in conjunction with treatment of the tumor. The recent introduction of immune-checkpoint inhibitors into cancer treatment has revealed an increased incidence of neurological immune-related adverse effects that can manifest as PNS.
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Diaz-Arias, Luisa A., and John C. Probasco. "Paraneoplastic neurological disorder syndromes." In Neuro-Oncology for the Clinical Neurologist. Elsevier, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-69494-0.00020-8.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Paraneoplastic form"
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Gomes, Aline Rezende, Leonardo Pires Novais Dias, Gleidison Bomfim Boaventura dos Santos, and André Vinicius Moraes Dias. "DERMATOMYOSITIS: A RARE PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROME IN BREAST CANCER." In XXIV Congresso Brasileiro de Mastologia. Mastology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942022v32s1022.
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Breast cancer, the most frequent malignancy diagnosed in women, can feature uncommon presentations such as paraneoplastic syndrome, including dermatomyositis (DM). DM is a rare idiopathic inflammatory myopathy that affects adults and children, predominantly women. Many epidemiological studies demonstrated that adults with DM have an increased risk for malignancy. Early evidence came from case reports, but this link was later confirmed in case-control and population-based studies. According to recent data, the association between DM and malignancy ranges from 7 to 30% of cases. Therefore, when facing a diagnosis of DM, it is mandatory to perform a comprehensive oncological screening on the affected patient. The malignancies associated with DM comprise numerous tumors. In general, the DM delivers progressive symmetrical proximal muscle weakness and typical skin changes. The literature indicates that oncological treatment promotes amelioration of the rheumatologic condition in breast cancer cases. Although, cancer treatment alone is insufficient to adequately control the cutaneous and myopathic manifestations of DM, which can significantly affect the quality of life. A multidisciplinary approach, including close collaboration with rheumatologists and dermatologists, is crucial in diagnosing and managing oncology patients with DM. Unfortunately, till date, there is no consensus or protocols to guide the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of these patients. Global scientific knowledge of the topic still requires additional data to improve medical care for these patients. A 51-year-old woman, formerly healthy, progressively presented with a diffuse erythematous rash, Gottron’s papules, V sign, Shawl sign, Holster sign, and mechanic’s hands, in addition to proximal muscle weakness. After prompt investigation, the patient was diagnosed with DM. Hence, the patient underwent comprehensive neoplastic screening that revealed bilateral breast malignancy. Invasive ductal carcinoma was detected in the right breast and HER2 overexpressing invasive ductal carcinoma in the left breast. Staging indicated no metastases, and the patient was classified as cT2N2M0 in the left breast (stage IIIA) and cT2N0M0 in the right breast (stage IIA). Thus, the treatment plan began with steroids, followed by neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and, at last, the patient underwent a bilateral mastectomy. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy consisted of a scheme with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide. The surgical therapy plan was mastectomy with axillary dissection for the left breast and mastectomy with selective lymphadenectomy for the right breast. The medical team observed improvement in signs and symptoms correlated to DM throughout treatment. During follow-up, there was no evidence of reactivation of the rheumatological condition.
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Barros, Jordana Joab Alencar, Alexandre Bravin Moreira, Paulo Roberto Moura de Sousa, Tatiane Oliveira Borges, and Isabela Moreira Dias. "DERMATOMYOSITIS AS PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROME OF A BREAST CANCER." In XXIV Congresso Brasileiro de Mastologia. Mastology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942022v32s1021.
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Paraneoplastic syndromes (PS) are entities whose symptoms are not directly attributed to primary or metastatic tumors. They are usually triggered by immunological mechanisms in response to tumor antigens or by hormonal factors. Their appearance may precede, be synchronous, or follow the diagnosis of a neoplasm. Breast cancer can also manifest itself through such syndromes. Dermatomyositis (DM), a rare disease, is an inflammatory myopathy that presents with progressive, symmetrical, proximal muscle weakness, and characteristic cutaneous findings. It is believed that approximately 10%–25% cases are healthy PS, and therefore are associated with a risk of cancer up from 5 to 7 times greater. In almost 20% of cases of DM associated with malignancy, a concomitant breast cancer is diagnosed. MCFS, 26 years old, nulliparous, without a family history of cancer was referred to the Mastology Clinic for an ulcerated nodule in the left breast (LM). She could not walk because of generalized muscle weakness. She reported an ulcerated nodule in the LM for a month, with rapid growth. On physical examination, she presented an exophytic nodule of 10 cm in the LM in the upper lateral quadrant, without palpable axillary’s nodules. She also reported a diagnosis of DM from 8 months, which was the cause of myopathy and her skin lesions. She was hospitalized in the emergency department of the medical clinic 8 months ago, in which the hypothesis of DM was corroborated by the muscle injury enzymes and diffuse symmetric and bilateral edema of the thigh muscles and myoadiposis planes evidenced by nuclear magnetic resonance. Both are incisional biopsy of an exophytic lesion. Analysis revealed invasive carcinoma with extensive squamous differentiation, Grade 3, necrosis in 30% of the sample. CT of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis and a scintigraphy did not show metastases. Simple mastectomy and sentinel lymph node biopsy were followed by axillary dissection. The anatomopathological examination confirmed that metaplastic carcinoma with squamous differentiation had an associated intraductal component. In total, 20 lymph nodes were examined and 16 were involved. Immunohistochemistry: Estrogen and progesterone receptors were positive, HER2 was negative, and Ki-67 was positive in 25%. Invasive carcinoma of the nonspecial type. The patient is being followed up with the clinical oncology department of the University Hospital of Brasília to continue the treatment. Unlike primary conditions that generally affect middle-aged women, paraneoplastic myositis tends to affect very young or older patients, with more severe cutaneous-muscular implications. Malignancy risk factors are severe skin disease with necrosis, capillary damage on muscle biopsy, absence of lung disease, resistance to treatment, and absence of myositis-specific antibodies. The exact role of antibody tests for cancer screening in patients with myositis is not well established. In contrast, the presence of myositis-specific antibodies was related to a decreased risk of malignancy. Established DM diagnosis: cancer screening should be performed and consists of complete blood count, renal function, transaminases, mammography, oncotic colpocytology, chest x-ray, fecal occult blood, or colonoscopy. Surveillance for the possibility of cancer should be maintained in the first 5 years of muscle disease. We present this report as a warning that a frequent disease (breast cancer) can present unusual features (signs and symptoms of DM). It is important for clinicians to have the wit to consider occult cancer in the systemic process of DM, being that breast carcinoma is an important diagnosis due to its high frequency among women.
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Ribeiro, Laíse Alves, Carlos Eduardo Nunes Aranha, João Victor Monteiro de Camargo, Daiane Rose Dantas Santos, Geovana Sousa Resende, and Alexandre Pelícolla Galli. "Breast cancer and paraneoplastic dermatomyositis: A literature review." In Brazilian Breast Cancer Symposium 2023. Mastology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942023v33s1072.
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Objective: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy in women. Contrastingly, dermatomyositis (DM) is a rare idiopathic inflammatory myopathy characterized by symmetric proximal muscle weakness and skin lesions. Gottron’s papules and heliotrope are pathognomonic signs. This article aimed to describe how the diagnosis and treatment of patients with both diseases have been performed. Methodology: As this study consists of a literature review, submission to the Research Ethics Committee was not necessary. Articles indexed in the PubMed and SciELO electronic databases were collected. Cross-sectional and retrospective observational studies were selected using the following descriptors: (Breast Cancer) AND (Dermatomyositis). Finally, 19 studies were read in full and included in this systematic review. Results: An underlying neoplasm is present in 50% of DM patients older than 45 years. A newly diagnosed DM in the latter, should, therefore, be associated with an etiologic search of paraneoplastic origin. This may allow an early BC detection. This is corroborated by the significant stage 1 BC detected in patients with rheumatic diseases, according to a cohort analysis. Furthermore, cases in which DM indicated cancer recurrence have been reported. DM is associated with higher BC mortality, and the most correlated histotype is invasive ductal carcinoma. Currently, there are no guidelines or randomized trials for the management of BC complicated by DM. Therapeutic management of DM is mainly based on corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents. However, previously published case reports indicated that surgical excision of the tumor is successful, as it can stop the progression of DM and prevent deterioration of muscle function. Conclusion: BC can feature uncommon presentations, such as paraneoplastic DM. Due to the absence of guidelines for the management of BC concomitant with DM, a multidisciplinary approach, including oncologists, dermatologists, and rheumatologists, is mandatory.
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Canzian, Kássia Braga, Marcella Canato Toloi, David Vargas Freitas Teixeira, et al. "Chronic paraneoplastic polyradiculoneuropathy during colorectal cancer: a case report." In XIV Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.141s1.633.
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A 70-year-old woman, four months before admission in our Hospital started with hypoesthesia in the hands, progressing to the lower limbs, followed by sensory ataxia and decreased strength, with frequent falls, losing 8 kg in that interim. The electroneuromyography demonstrated a pattern compatible with chronic demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP). Pulse therapy (PT) with Methylprednisolone was administered, with remission of symptoms. She underwent neoplastic investigation, being diagnosed with moderately differentiated and invasive sigmoid adenocarcinoma (SA), with indication for colectomy (CTC). No other solid tumors (ST) more commonly related to CIDP were found. Onconeural antibodies were not evidenced by blood analysis. 5 days after treatment, she has returned to her sensory-motor clinical condition, now attacking the bulbar muscles, developing dysphagia and dyspnea, requiring orotracheal intubation (OTI) and mechanical ventilation. Submitted to drug therapy with Intravenous Human Immunoglobulin and new PT for five days, with progressive improvement in strength, being extubated 11 days after OTI. As disease-modifying therapy, Rituximab was administered, one month before CTC. The association between SA and the development of CIDP was infrequently reported in the literature, lacking data that correlate the pathophysiology of this paraneoplastic (PNP) syndrome. Immunomodulatory therapy has an impact on the functional recovery of the patient and on preventing the progression of the symptoms, but the definitive treatment is CTC. Despite the low prevalence, the search for ST of the gastrointestinal tract should be included in PNP screening in the face of a recent diagnosis of CIDP, aiming at early identification and treatment in the initial stages, with an impact on oncological and neurological prognosis.
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Carvalho, Ana Cláudia Pires, Stella Angelis Trivellato, Guilherme Jardini Drumond Anastacio, et al. "Lambert-Eaton syndrome without an identified neoplasm." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.504.
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Introduction: Lambert-Eaton syndrome occurs due to the attack of autoantibodies to voltage-gated calcium channels in the presynaptic terminal of the neuromuscular junction and is usually paraneoplastic. Objectives: Describe the case of a patient with weakness which was investigated for neoplasm. Design and setting: Case report Methods: Analysis of medical record, photographic record of the diagnostic methods and literature review. Case description: Woman, 60 years old, diabetic, hypertensive and ex-smoker, with proximal weakness in the lower limbs for 4 months with paresthesia in the extremities. In 2 months she needed a cane due to frequent falls, followed by proximal weakness of the upper limbs. She lost 8 kg in 4 months. Neurological examination showed hypotrophy in thighs, proximal tetraparesis predominantly in lower limbs and global hyporeflexia. Electroneuromyography showed decreases to repetitive low-frequency stimulation, but significant increases with repetitive high-frequency stimulation and increased amplitude of compound muscle action potentials after effort, suggesting impairment of the neuromuscular junction in the presynaptic topography. She was diagnosed with LambertEaton syndrome. An investigation of paraneoplastic syndrome was carried out, with tumor markers, tomography of the chest, abdomen and pelvis, thyroid ultrasound, mammography and oncotic colposcopy, all without findings of neoplasia. It was proposed a treatment with human immunoglobulin and followup with physiotherapy, occupational therapy and psychology. She showed a significant improvement in strength after starting treatment. Conclusion: Patients with Lambert-Eaton syndrome should be investigated for an underlying neoplasm and followed up periodically, considering the possibility of cancer diagnosis even months or years after the neurological syndrome.
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Morais, Gabriela Lopes de, Manoella Guerra de Albuquerque Bueno, Guilherme Otero Brum, et al. "Anti-hu neuropathy as a paraneoplastic syndrome: the pursuit for the primary site." In XIV Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.141s1.418.
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A 53-year-old man with a history of smoking and recent weight loss presented with progressive weakness and difficulty walking. Physical exam evidenced dysmetria on finger-to-nose test, worsened with eyes closed, pseudoathetosis, absent deep tendon reflexes and a neuropathic pattern of hypoesthesia and hypopalesthesia. He was unable to stand due to the severity of the ataxia. Initial investigation was positive for syphilis, with no history of treatment, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed hyperproteinrachia with normal cell count. Despite adequate treatment with penicillin, symptoms continued to progress. Electroneuromyography was remarkable for axonal sensorimotor polyneuropathy with sensitive predominance. A paraneoplastic panel was ordered and evidenced positivity to anti-Hu. The patient was then treated with high doses of methylprednisolone and plasmapheresis, with no improvement. An extensive search for malignancies was performed, and enlarged hilar lymph nodes were found on computed tomography scan. Positron Emission Tomography-scan showed pulmonary and mediastinal hypermetabolism. Tissue samples were acquired with no significant findings and tuberculosis, fungal infections and inflammatory granulomatous diseases, among other conditions, were ruled out. Due to the high suspicion for malignancy, the biopsies were reviewed by a pulmonary pathology specialist, submitted to additional immunohistochemical staining and, at last, the diagnosis of small cell lung carcinoma was made. Chemotherapy was initiated shortly after.
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Grover, Ajay, Stanley Naides, Andre Valcour, Vincent Ricchiuti, Mindy Nye, and Joseph Volpe. "Building Paraneoplastic and Disease-Specific Autoimmune Neurology Testing for a National Reference Laboratory (P4-5.001)." In 2023 Annual Meeting Abstracts. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000202769.
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vanDuijn, Martijn M., Peter Maat, Lennard J. Dekker, Theo M. Luider, and Peter A. Sillevis Smitt. "Abstract 1277: Antigen-specific markers for paraneoplastic neurological syndromes obtained by proteomic analysis of patient immunoglobulins." In Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-1277.
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Nery, Julia Pio Fernandes, Kaisy Nagella Alves, Victor Teatini Ribeiro, and Antônio Pereira Gomes. "Anti-N-Methyl D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis after herpes virus meningoencephalitis: a case report." In XIV Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.141s1.681.
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Anti-N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system characterized by psychiatric and neurological symptoms. This pathology may be associated with paraneoplastic syndrome and viral infections, especially the Herpes simplex virus. However, a considerable number of cases may remain without an identifiable triggering factor. We report the case of a 17-year-old girl who presented with headache, fever and meningeal signs. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed a herpes virus infection. After treatment using Acyclovir for 21 days, the patient showed improvement in neurological symptoms. However, new symptoms were evidenced: behavioral alterations, aggressiveness, delirium, hallucinations, thoughts of self-extermination, catatonia and cognitive impairment. Psychiatric evaluation suggested the use of an atypical, but no beneficial effect was observed. Considering the refractoriness of the condition, a new CSF analysis showed positivity for the NMDA antibody. Thus, the patient underwent immunomodulatory therapy with Methylprednisolone for five days, obtaining little behavioral improvement. Due to subsequent dysautonomia and seizures, the patient underwent plasmapheresis for five days, obtaining significant improvement in symptoms. The present case emphasizes the importance of the differential diagnosis of NMDA receptor encephalitis after infections of the central nervous system that present psychiatric symptoms.
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Omodei, Andrea Salvatore, Valentina Ceni, and Marco Carnelli. "#382 Severe paraneoplastic dermatomyositis as first manifestation of advanced ovarian cancer and red flag for recurrence or disease progression: a case report." In ESGO 2023 Congress. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-2023-esgo.566.
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