To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Parasite morphology.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Parasite morphology'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 39 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Parasite morphology.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Richards, Gareth Ronald. "Taxonomy, morphology and host-parasite interactions of Gyrodactylus of poeciliid fish." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262582.
Full text
2
LaPointe, Elizabeth Anne. "An Ultra Structural Study of Sporogenesis, Vegatative Morphology, and Host-Parasite Interactions in Choreonema thuretii (Corallinales, Rhodophyta)." W&M ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626968.
Full text
3
Yu, Xiong. "A study of the development, life cycle, morphology, and drug sensitivity of Leidynema portentosae Van Waerebeke (Nematoda: Oxyuroidea), a parasite of Gromphadorhina portentosa Schaum /." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1374499497.
Full text
4
BONETTI, FRANCO C. "Estudo do uso da radiação ionizante como ferramenta de seleção de formas promastigotas metacíclicas de Leishmania amazonensis, e a indução de resposta imunológica em modelos experimentais." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2006. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11548.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:53:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:58:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
5
Marboutie, Georges. "Contribution à l'étude de l'oïdium du pêcher dans la moyenne vallée du Rhône : morphologie, cytologie et biologie de Sphaerotheca pannosa (Wallr.) Lév., var. persicae Wor. Méthodologie de lutte contre la maladie." Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO19063.
Full text
6
BONETTI, FRANCO C. "Acao da radiacao ionizante sobre a morfologia, fisiologia e crescimento da Leishmania amazonensis, com avaliacao de seu poder imunogenico em modelos experimentais." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2002. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11025.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:47:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:10:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 08287.pdf: 1642417 bytes, checksum: 48f844079650f71035ccb87b1dffe7a4 (MD5)
Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
7
Bonetti, Franco Claudio. "Estudo do uso da radiação ionizante como ferramenta de seleção de formas promastigotas metacíclicas de Leishmania amazonensis e a indução de resposta imunológica em modelos experimentais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85131/tde-16042012-105125/.
Full textAbstract:
Atualmente, milhões de pessoas, por todo o globo, estão sob risco de serem infectados por um protozoário transmitido vetorialmente por pequenos insetos flebotomíneos. Este parasita é a Leishmania spp., causadora de uma patologia de amplo espectro, que varia desde a moléstia cutânea (tegumentar) até a visceral (kala-azar). A leishmaniose cutânea é a manifestação clínica de maior ocorrência (mais de 90% dos casos). A radiação ionizante, gerada em fonte de 60Co, tem sido utilizada com sucesso para promover alterações físico-químicas em diferentes protozoários, incluindo a Leishmania spp. Em trabalhos anteriores determinou-se que formas promastigotas de Leishmania amazonensis, irradiadas com diferentes doses de radiação gama, perdem sua viabilidade mantendo, porém, sua imunogenicidade. No presente trabalho, estudouse a utilização da radiação ionizante como ferramenta na seleção de formas metacíclicas do parasita em cultura axênica para a possível produção de imunógenos irradiados mais eficientes. Os resultados demonstram que culturas irradiadas com 400 Gy de radiação gama, possuem uma concentração de aproximadamente 75% de parasitas metacíclicos, capazes de produzir, in vitro, uma infecção que mimetiza a ocorrida naturalmente. Estes parasitas irradiados têm sua estrutura celular interna modificada mantendo, entretanto, seu arcabouço externo intacto. Camundongos de uma linhagem suscetível imunizados com leishmanias irradiadas com diferentes doses tiveram sua produção de imunoglobulinas aumentada, e mantiveram os títulos elevados após o desafio com parasitas não irradiados. Em outras linhagens pesquisadas este padrão se manteve, porém em títulos menores, sendo que camundongos imunodeficientes não responderam à imunização nem ao desafio.Actually, millions of people around the globe are under the risk of infection by a protozoan transmitted by a bit of a sand fly. This parasite is a Leishmania spp. This causes a wide spectrum disease, since a coetaneous disease to a visceral one. The coetaneous form is the major clinical manifestation (above 90%). The ionizing radiation, produced in a 60Co font, had being successes used to promote physical-chemical transformations on different protozoans, including Leishmania spp. In previous work was determined that promastigotes forms of Leishmania amazonensis, irradiated with different doses of radiation, lost their viability maintaining, however, their immunogenicity. In this work, was studied the use of ionizing radiation as a tool for selection of metaciclic forms of the parasite in axenic culture, for a possible efficient irradiated immunogen production. Our results shown that cultures irradiated with 400 Gy of gamma irradiation, has 75% of metaciclic form, which are capable to produce, in vitro, an infection that is similar the natural occurrence. These irradiated parasites have their internal cellular structure modified, maintaining their external structure intact. Susceptible strain of mice immunized with leishmania irradiated with different doses had high immunoglobulin production, and maintained this production after the challenge with naive parasites. In other strains this default was similar, however in lower titles. Immunodeficient mice didnt produce immunoglobulin nor on the immunization or on the challenge.
8
Smith, Vincent S. "Avian louse phylogeny (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) : a cladistic study based on morphology." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323268.
Full text
9
Jakes, Kathryn Anne. "Morphology and molecular phylogeny of selected haemoprotozoan parasites of Australian wildlife /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17828.pdf.
Full text
10
Pegler, Katherine Ruth. "Morphology and behaviour of parasitic Psoroptes mites (Acari: Psoroptidae)." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/c506466b-d9aa-4a51-ae17-e39e0f5e5f89.
Full text
11
BASTOS, Amanda Queiroz. "Biologia e caracteriza??o morfol?gica de Ornithocoris pallidus (Usinger, 1959) (Heteroptera: Cimicidae: Haematosiphoninae)." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1832.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-06-26T18:01:00Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
2016 - Amanda Queiroz Bastos.pdf: 48844488 bytes, checksum: 6e0a52196df0fdb905334cfc1fd20d5d (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-26T18:01:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Amanda Queiroz Bastos.pdf: 48844488 bytes, checksum: 6e0a52196df0fdb905334cfc1fd20d5d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-30
The cimicidae are distributed in six subfamilies. Among theses Haematosiphoninae has nine genera and Ornithocoris two species: Ornithocoris toledoi Pinto, 1927, for be commonly associated with chickens show economic importance and Ornithocoris pallidus (Usinger, 1959), silvatic associated mainly with swallows. Knowledgment about biology and morphology of this species will contribute to the characterization of taxonomic genus, whose studies are concerning to adult and 5th instar nymphs. Eggs, nymphs and adults were obtained from 10 nests collected in Paula C?ndido municipality (MG), and maintained in laboratory conditions feeding on Mus musculus mice. The study was conducted from established colonies with adults coming from the field. Biological parameters were avaiable (life cycle, number of meal, resistance to starvation and longevity of adults) and morphological of egg and nymphs were observed by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). From a total of 2005 eggs, 187 were assigned to the life cycle, 34 and 30 for resistance to starvation and longevity, respectively, and 120 for morphology. Of the 187 nymphs of 1st instar for individualized cycle and number of meal observed, 142 completed the 1st, 88 the 2nd, 80 the 3rd and 76 the 4th instar. The morphometric and chromatic study were performed with 30 eggs (length and width) and 30 nymphs of each instar (total body length and head width of the head with eyes, interocular distance, pronotum height, length pronotal bristle, length of antennal segments of the rostrum and 3rd pair of legs, length and femur width). To the OM study, insects were diaphanized in KOH 10% heated, washed with distilled water, then immersed in acetic acid 1% and mounted between slide and cover slip in alcohol 15%, to observed using optical microscope coupled with a camera lucida. For SEM, the insects were mounted on metal brackets attached with double-sided tape, kept in an oven at 50?C for 24 hours and covered with gold for viewing by scanning electron microscope JEOL JSM 6390 LV - Electron Microscopy Platform Rudolf Barth - FIOCRUZ. The life cycle from egg to adult presented four nymphal instars, at a mean time of 52 ? 10.7 days, performing 0-8 meals, depending on the instar. Males were less resistant to fasting and with less longevity than females, with a mean of 60 ? 19.8 and 66 ? 21.2 and 225 ? 104 and 301 ? 106 days, respectively. The nymphs of 1st and 2nd instars needs more meals and presentes natural mortality, respectively, than the other stages. Among 4th instar, some measured parameters had similar mean to those obtained by Usinger (1966), and eggs of O. pallidus larger than O. toledoi (Carvalho, 1939). As for color, the egg varies from translucent to dark brown; N1 to N3 are light brown and N4 dark brown. By MO, N1 differs from others by having 1 + 1 long bristle at the humeral angle of pronotum, while N2 to N4 have two bristles. SEM, N1 to N4 have a structure at the apex of the 2nd antennal segment, not yet described in the literature, and a ctenidium at the apex of the tibia of the 1st pair of legs also observed by Usinger (1966) in Paracimex capitatus nymphs, Morphological aspects such as the antennas structures that needs further studies, the bristles of pronotum and the presence of ctenidium will provide subsidies to increase the dichotomous key developed by Usinger (1966). The definition of four nymphal instars to O. pallidus corroborate those obtained by Jansen (1979) to O. toledoi, and state that genus Ornithocoris may be characterizate with four nymphal instars.
Os cimic?deos est?o distribu?dos em seis subfam?lias. Dentre estas Haematosiphoninae tem nove g?neros e Ornithocoris possui duas esp?cies: Ornithocoris toledoi Pinto, 1927, por estar comumente associado a galinhas apresenta import?ncia econ?mica e Ornithocoris pallidus (Usinger, 1959), de h?bito silvestre associado principalmente a andorinhas. Conhecer a biologia e morfologia desta esp?cie contribuir? para a caracteriza??o taxon?mica do g?nero, cujos estudos est?o voltados para a forma adulta e ?ltimo est?dio ninfal. Ovos, ninfas e adultos foram obtidos de 10 ninhos coletados no munic?pio de Paula C?ndido (MG), e mantidos em condi??es de laborat?rio, com alimenta??o em camundongos Mus musculus. O estudo foi realizado a partir de col?nias estabelecidas com os adultos procedentes do campo. Foram observados par?metros biol?gicos (ciclo de vida, n?mero de repastos de ninfas, resist?ncia ao jejum e longevidade de adultos) e morfol?gicos de ovo e ninfas pela microscopia ?ptica (MO) e microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV). De um total de 2005 ovos, 187 foram destinados ao ciclo de vida, 34 e 30 para a resist?ncia ao jejum e longevidade, respectivamente, e 120 para a morfologia. Das 187 ninfas de 1? est?dio individualizadas para observa??o do ciclo e n?mero de repastos, 142 completaram o 1?, 88 o 2?, 80 o 3? e 76 o 4? est?dio. Para os estudos morfom?trico e crom?tico foram utilizados 30 ovos (comprimento e largura), e 30 ninfas de cada est?dio (comprimento total do corpo e da cabe?a, largura da cabe?a com os olhos, dist?ncia interocular, altura do pronoto, comprimento da cerda pronotal, comprimento dos segmentos antenais, do rostro e o comprimento e a largura do f?mur do 3? par de pernas. Para o estudo em MO os insetos foram diafanizados em hidr?xido de pot?ssio 10% aquecido, lavados com ?gua destilada, em seguida imersos em ?cido ac?tico 1% e montados entre l?mina e lam?nula em ?lcool 15%, observados em microsc?pio ?ptico, acoplado com c?mara clara para a confec??o dos desenhos. Para a MEV, os insetos foram montados em suportes met?licos presos com fita adesiva dupla face, mantidos em estufa a 50?C por 24 horas e metalizados com ouro para visualiza??o ao microsc?pio eletr?nico de varredura JEOL JSM 6390 LV da Plataforma de Microscopia Eletr?nica Rudolf Barth- FIOCRUZ. O ciclo de vida de ovo a adulto apresentou quatro est?dios ninfais em um tempo m?dio de 52 ? 10,7 dias, realizando de 0 a 8 repastos, dependendo do est?dio. Os machos se mostraram menos resistentes ao jejum e com menor longevidade do que as f?meas, com m?dia de 60 ? 19,8 e 66 ? 21,2, e 225 ? 104 e 301 ? 106 dias, respectivamente. As ninfas de 1? e 2? est?dio apresentaram maior n?mero de repastos e mortalidade natural, respectivamente, do que os demais est?dios. Entre as ninfas de 4?est?dio alguns par?metros mensurados tiveram m?dia similar as obtidas por Usinger (1966), e os ovos de O. pallidus maiores do que os de O. toledoi (Carvalho, 1939; Snipes, 1940). Quanto ? colora??o, o ovo varia de transl?cida a bege escura; de N1 a N3 ? castanho clara e N4 castanho escura. Pela MO, N1 diferencia-se das demais por apresentar 1+1 cerda longa no ?ngulo humeral do pronoto, enquanto que de N2 a N4 existem duas cerdas. Em MEV, de N1 a N4 existe uma estrutura no ?pice do segundo art?culo da antena, ainda n?o descrita na literatura, e um cten?dio no ?pice da t?bia do primeiro par de pernas tamb?m observado por Usinger (1966) em ninfas de Paracimex capitatus. Aspectos morfol?gicos como as estruturas das antenas, que merecem maiores estudos, as cerdas pronotais e a presen?a de cten?dio dar?o subs?dios para incrementar a chave dicot?mica elaborada por Usinger (1966). O encontro de quatro est?dios ninfais para O. pallidus corroboram os obtidos por Jansen (1979) para O. toledoi, e permite afirmar que o g?nero Ornithocoris pode ser cacterizado com quatro est?dios ninfais.
12
Weir, Alexander. "Comparative biological and taxonomic studies of tropical and temperate Laboulbeniales (fungi; Ascomycota)." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320823.
Full text
13
Hawkins, David John. "Morphology and epidemiology of the ergasilid (Copepoda: Poecilostomatoida) parasites of British freshwater fish." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395934.
Full text
14
Abdelhalim, Abuelgasim I. "Morphology and epidemiology of some parasitic copepods (Poecilostomatoida: ergasilidae) from British freshwater fish." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388746.
Full text
15
Jarquín-Díaz, Víctor Hugo. "Integrative analysis of morphology, multi-locus genotyping and host usage - a case study in Eimeria spp., intracellular parasites of rodents." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/22459.
Full textAbstract:
In diese Dissertation, Ich konzentriere mich insbesondere darauf, wie die Artbestimmung in der Gattung Eimeria mit der Wirtsspezifität bei Nagetierarten zusammenhängt. Zunächst bietet diese Arbeit eine Reihe von Methoden zur Beurteilung der Prävalenz auf der Ebene der Parasitenarten in Mus musculus. Als Ergebnis war es möglich, drei verschiedene Eimeria-Spezies zu identifizieren, Mäuse mit Doppelinfektionen zu erkennen und die artenspezifische Prävalenz in Abhängigkeit von der Wirtsdichte vorherzusagen. Zur Identifizierung von Eimeria spp. über verschiedene Wirtsarten hinweg wurde eine neuartige Hochdurchsatz-Multi-Locus-Genotypisierungsmethode etabliert und mit der auf zuvor etablierten Markern basierenden Einzelmarker-Genotypisierung verglichen. Dies bestätigte, dass die Art E. falciformis in einer einzigen Wirtsart, der Hausmaus, vorkommt. E. vermiformis und E. apionodes konnten jedoch nicht unterschieden werden, was auf eine einzige Art mit breitem Wirtsspektrum hindeutet. E. vermiformis und E. apionodes konnten jedoch nicht unterschieden werden, was auf eine einzige Art mit breiter Wirtsverwendung in einem phylogenetischen Artkonzept schließen lässt. Diese Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die hohe Wirtsspezifität, die traditionell für Eimeria-Parasiten angenommen wird, fragwürdig ist und dass die Identifizierung von Arten durch Wirtsassoziation vermieden werden sollte. Durch molekulare Amplifikation, Sequenzierung, Genotypisierung und phylogenetische Analyse war es möglich, Eimerien auf Artniveau zu identifizieren und die Wirtsspezifität in Isolaten aus natürlichen Systemen in Frage zu stellen. In einer breiteren Perspektive betonte diese Arbeit die Notwendigkeit, Strategien bei der Erkennung, Quantifizierung und Identifizierung von Parasiten zu standardisieren und zu kombinieren, um ein besseres Verständnis auf evolutionärer und ökologischer Ebene zu erlangen.This PhD thesis combines different approaches for parasite identification to assess the diversity of parasites in natural systems. Particularly, I focus on how species identification in the genus Eimeria is linked to its host specificity in rodent species. First, this thesis provides a set of methods to assess prevalence at the species level in Mus musculus systems. The approach integrates morphological description with molecular methods for detection, niche approximation and phylogenetic reconstruction. As a result, three different Eimeria species were identified, mice with double infections were detected and species-specific prevalence were predicted to be host density-dependent. For identification of Eimeria spp. across different host species, a novel high-throughput multi-locus genotyping was established and compared with single-marker genotyping. The multi-locus genotyping approach provided a higher resolution to distinguish closely related Eimeria isolates. This confirmed the species E. falciformis to have a single host species, the house mice. However, E. vermiformis and E. apionodes could not be distinguished suggesting a single species with broader host usage in a phylogenetic species concept. These findings show that the high host specificity traditionally assumed for Eimeria parasites is questionable, and that identification of species by host association should be avoided. The approaches for identification of Eimeria spp. Developed here allowed differentiation of closely related isolates with indistinguishable morphology. Molecular amplification, sequencing, genotyping and phylogeny allowed the identification of Eimeria at species level and to question host specificity in isolates from natural systems. In a broader perspective, this work emphasised the necessity to standardise and combine strategies in parasite detection, quantification and identification to gain better understanding at an evolutionary and ecological level.
16
Scheibel, Raymond Philip. "THE SYSTEMATICS OF MARSUPIAL PARASITES IN VIANNAIIDAE (NEMATODA): A NEW SPECIES AND A RECONSTRUCTION OF CHARACTERS USEFUL IN THEIR CLASSIFICATION." OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1156.
Full textAbstract:
One of the most diverse groups of parasitic nematodes includes the nematodes of the suborder Trichostrongylina. Trichostrongyle systematic classification is based on the study of the anterior end, the female reproductive system, the male copulatory bursa and cuticular ridges, which make up the synlophe. These morphological characters also assist taxonomists to characterize species and assign them into one of the three superfamilies. Heligmosomoidea is the most diverse superfamily, including Viannaiidae. This family represents one of the major evolutionary radiations of trichostrongyles in South America. Members of Viannaiidae parasitize a variety of mammals endemic to the Neotropics including, but not limited to, the opossums. Viannaiids have great morphological variation in the reproductive organs of the females and the secondary sexual structures of the males (e.g., rays in the bursa). Consequently, the placement of these species in classification schemes has drastically changed over time. The prevailing taxonomy relies on the host used by the parasites as well as their geographic distribution. Viannaiidae has always included monodelphic nematodes with simple synlophes, yet it eventually included species in the genus Travassostrongylus, which the morphology is very distinct from the rest of the members of the family. Differences pertain to a greater number of ridges of the synlophe and the didelphic female reproductive system. These features are more similar to trichostrongyles in Herpetostrongylidae and Nicollinidae, which infect Australian vertebrates, the majority of which are marsupials. I herein document the diversity of this group by reporting the presence of a putative new species and use five gene regions to reconstruct the phylogeny of Viannaiidae exclusive of didelphid marsupials. I used the resulting phylogeny to test the monophyly of Travassostrongylus and Viannaia and to reconstruct the character evolution of the monodelphic/didelphic condition and the ornamentation of the cuticle. The phylogeny indicates that Viannaiidae is not monophyletic, recovering a clade with the Travassostrongylus species and trichostrongyles from Australian fauna. The tests for character reconstruction assist in determining that the didelphic condition and the presence of dorsal synlophe ridges in Travassostrongylus and Austrostrongylus may be traits inherited from a common ancestor. Furthermore, it was apparent that a character change from didelphic to monodelphic occurred in the common ancestor of the Viannaia species. This ancestor also underwent a change from a dorsal cuticle with ridges to a smooth cuticle. Though the study suggests that Viannaiidae is not monophyletic, the inclusion of more species from these genera and the viannaiids found in hystricognaths from the New World rodents will conclusively determine the affinities of the members of the family. Finally, I suggest that the relationship between the species in Travassostrongylus and the Australian parasites dates to the Gondwana landmass and that these trichostrongyles, or their ancestors, were present in the marsupials of that time period. The examination of microbiotheriids could provide more information and illuminate the factors that led to the evolutionary relationship between the parasites of America and Australia.
17
Souidenne, Dhikra. "Parasites Chromidina et Dicyémides des sacs rénaux de Céphalopodes : évaluation de leur biodiversité morphologique et moléculaire." Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MNHN0009/document.
Full textAbstract:
Les sacs rénaux des céphalopodes sont communément le siège d’infections parasitaires spectaculaires provoquées principalement par des ciliés apostomes du genre Chromidina et des mésozoaires, les dicyémides. Les formes végétatives sont vermiformes et peuvent atteindre plusieurs mm de long. Elles sont fixées par leur partie antérieure aux cellules rénales. La diversité de ces parasites énigmatiques, basée sur des morpho-espèces, reste très mal connue pour les chromidinés et aucune donnée moléculaire n’est disponible pour ces ciliés. Les Dicyémides ont été en revanche plus étudiés mais les données morphologiques et moléculaires sont parcellaires et leurs relations phylogénétiques restent débattues. Au cours de cette thèse, nous nous sommes proposés d’étudier ces deux groupes afin d’évaluer leur biodiversité chez les céphalopodes méditerranéens et d’Atlantique, et de fournir plus d’éléments pour la compréhension de leur systématique et de leur phylogénie. Ainsi, à partir d’un large échantillonnage de céphalopodes d’Atlantique (Concarneau, France) et méditerranéens (La Goulette, Tunisie) prélevés sur 3 années consécutives, nous avons entrepris de caractériser morphologiquement et génétiquement ces parasites en réalisant une analyse moléculaire du marqueur ADNr 18S afin d’aborder la notion d’espèce, de préciser leur spécificité d’hôte, de corréler la diversité morphologique et génétique, et de mesurer la variabilité génétique au sein d’une même morpho-espèce.Dans nos échantillonnages, la prévalence de l’infection par des chromidinés s’est révélée faible, certainement biaisée par les milieux échantillonnés, essentiellement benthiques, alors que les chromidinés infectent préférentiellement les céphalopodes pélagiques. Nous pouvons cependant prédire que leur biodiversité est sous-estimée, car deux nouvelles espèces ont pu néanmoins être décrites. Nous avons pu obtenir pour la première fois des séquences de l’ADNr 18S de ces parasites. Les analyses phylogénétiques robustes montrent que les chromidinés se positionnent parmi les ciliés apostomes au sein de la classe des Oligohymenophorea.La prévalence des dicyémides était beaucoup plus importante (88%). Un problème important dans la systématique des dicyémides est que bon nombre de morpho-espèces nommées sont basées sur des descriptions morphologiques incomplètes qui entrainent des ambiguïtés dans leur détermination. Ceci nous a amenés à redécrire de façon détaillée sur tous les stades de développement l’espèce Dicyemennea eledones rencontrée dans nos échantillonnages. Les analyses phylogénétiques des séquences du marqueur ADNr 18S obtenues au cours de cette étude et intégrant les séquences de dicyémides déjà connues, nous ont permis de définir 10 clades robustes. Les morpho-espèces ne se distribuent pas de façon non ambigüe au sein de ces clades puisque certaines morpho-espèces se retrouvent dans plusieurs clades et que certains clades peuvent regrouper plusieurs morpho-espèces. Ceci pose la question de la pertinence de ce marqueur ADNr 18S pour l’identification des espèces, voire même des genres, et pose également la question de la pertinence des marqueurs morphologiques utilisés à ce jour pour la systématique des dicyémidesThe renal sacs of cephalopods are an uncommon habitat for two phylogenetically distant parasites, dicyemid mesozoa and ciliate chromidinids. These are wormlike organisms, which can reach a few millimetres in length and are attached to the renal epithelia by their anterior part. Information was mainly based on morphological criteria and little is known about the biodiversity and taxonomy of these enigmatic parasites. Concerning the chromidinids, only 4 morpho-species have been described and there are no molecular data available. Dicyemids have been a little more studied, but morphological criteria are still incomplete for some species and not all life stages have been studied. The molecular data are sparse and the phylogenetic position of these organisms is uncertain.During this thesis, we have undertaken to study these two groups with regard to their biodiversity in cephalods from the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. The aims are to obtain more elements for the comprehension of their systematics and phylogeny. Starting from a large sample of cephalopods from the Atlantic Ocean (Concarneau, France) and the Mediterranean Sea (La Goulette, Tunisia), fished during 3 consecutive years, we characterized the parasites from a morphological and molecular point of view. We realised a molecular analysis of the 18S rDNA marker in order to look at the notion of species, to precise their host specificity, to correlate the morphological and genetic diversity and to measure the genetic variability within one morpho-species.In our samples, the prevalence of the infection by chromidinids was revealed to be weak, probably biased by the position of the collection in the water column. The sampled hosts were predominantly benthic, while chromidinids mainly infect pelagic cephalopods. We predict that the diversity is underestimated, even if we were able to describe two new species. We obtained for the first time molecular data from the 18S rDNA marker. The robust phylogenetic analyses show that chromidinids are positioned within the apostome ciliates, belonging to the Oligohymenophorea.In our samples, the prevalence of the infection by dicyemids was shown to be more important (88%). A major problem in the dicyemid systematics is that a large number of named morpho-species are based on incomplete morphological descriptions, entailing ambiguities in their identification. We therefore redescribed all stages of the development of the species Dicyemennea eledones of our samples in detail. Phylogenetic analyses of the 18S rDNA marker sequences of our samples, combined with the sequences available in databases, allowed us to define 10 robust clades. The morpho-species are not distributed in a non ambiguous manner within these clades, as some can be found in different clades and some clades can regroup more than one morpho-species. This leads to the question of the relevance of the 18S rDNA marker for the identification of species and even genera. It also challenges the relevance of morphological criteria currently used for the dicyemid systematics
18
Echegoyen-Nava, Rodrigo A. "Mechanisms underlying changes in the morphology of rice plants infected with the parasitic weed Striga hermonthica." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2936/.
Full textAbstract:
Parasitic plants of the genus Striga (also known as witchweeds) are root hemiparasites that cause devastating losses in crop production in sub Saharan Africa (SSA). Two of the most important species, S. hermonthica and S. asiatica, infect the staple cereal crops of SSA including maize, sorghum, millet and rice. These parasitic weeds represent the major biotic constraint to cereal crop production. They cause losses in yield of 40-100% and negatively impact the quality of life of millions of the poorest subsistence farmers. Infection of crop plants by Striga causes severe stunting of the host plant, thinning of stems and in plants such as rice, suppression of tillering. In rice the number of tillers produced is very important as grain yield is often correlated with tiller number. At present the mechanisms underlying changes in the morphology and architecture of Striga-infected plants are not fully understood and the aim of this thesis was to investigate the potential role of plant growth regulators in the suppression of tillering and the stunting rice plants infected with S. hermonthica. In Chapter 2 a detailed analysis of the changes in growth and architecture of the susceptible rice cultivar IAC165 following infection by S. hermonthica was carried out. This revealed that Striga-infected rice plants showed severe stunting, decreased biomass, increased root to shoot ratio, thinner stems and suppression of tillering. In addition, this study revealed, for the first time that the suppression of tillering in Striga-infected rice plants to an inhibition in the formation and outgrowth of lateral buds. In Chapter 3 the hypothesis that strigolactones are involved in the suppression of tillering in Striga-infected rice plants was investigated by analysing the effect of the parasite on the suppression of tillering in rice plants with altered concentrations of strigolactones (plant growth regulators involved in the regulation of branching in plants). Strigolactone concentration was modified by (a) the use of strigolactone mutants (d10-1, a strigolactone biosynthestic mutant and d3-1 a strigolactone signalling mutant) and (b) the application of a carotenoid biosynthetic inhibitor (fluridone) or a synthetic analogue of strigolactone (GR24). These studies revealed a partial role for strigolactones in the inhibition of tillering. In addition, there was an increase in the expression of CCD8 (encoding a strigolactone biosynthetic enzyme) in the leaf axils of S. hermonthica - infected plants, consistent with a role for strigolactones in the suppression of tillering. The effect of S. hermonthica on the biosynthesis of strigolactones in infected roots was also investigated using CCD8:GUS transgenic rice plants. These studies revealed increased expression of CCD8 in cells of the vascular bundle as S. hermonthica penetrated into the root and initiated fusion of xylem vessels with its host, suggesting a role for strigolactones during the infection process In Chapter 4 the potential roles of multiple plant growth regulator pathways in the changes in plant morphology of rice plants infected with S. hermonthica were investigated by profiling changes in gene expression in the roots, stem and leaves of control and Striga-infected plants using Affymetrix microarrays. This is the first study to analyse whole genome expression in the whole plant simultaneously following infection by S. hermonthica. This study showed the profound impact of S. hermonthica on the regulation of auxin metabolic, signalling and transport pathways of infected plants, revealing the importance of this plant growth regulator in plant parasitism.
19
Hanna, Robert Edmund Barrie. "Studies of the functional morphology, immunogenicity, epizootiology and toxicological pathology of Fasciola spp. and other helminth parasites of veterinary significance." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.706686.
Full textAbstract:
The peer-reviewed publications presented in this thesis are organized in seven 'themes’, each presenting a collation of related studies dealing with a particular aspect of structure, physiology, immunology, biology or toxicological pathology of the liver fluke Fasciola spp., or other helminth parasites of clinical / economic significance for domestic livestock and fish. Theme 1 addresses the development of in vitro methods for the study of Fasciola, including cytological and immunological investigations on adult worms and on juvenile migrating stages. In Theme 2, the structure and immunogenicity of the tegument of Fasciola is examined in detail, and the application of novel approaches such as immunogold labelling and monoclonal antibody technology is introduced. Theme 3 presents international collaborative studies on the biology, structure and ecology of paramphistomes (rumen flukes) of buffaloes, cattle, sheep and goats in India. The principles of population analysis for larval trematodes are further developed in Theme 4. The studies compiled in Theme 5 describe the structure and biology of certain trematode flukes that are parasitic on marine and freshwater food fishes in India. In Theme 6, a series of studies describing the morphological and ultractructural changes that occur in liver flukes subjected to treatment with anthelmintic drugs in vitro and in vivo present new evidence on the biochemical mode of action of such chemotherapeutic agents, and on the ability of fluke populations to develop drug resistance to them. Certain of these studies have revealed hitherto unreported aspects of fluke reproduction such as facultative parthenogenesis. In the studies collated in Theme 7, anthelmintic resistance and strategic control of helminth infections in ruminants in Northern Ireland are examined using archived diagnostic records and analysis of questionnaires distributed to farmers throughout the province. Theme 8 compiles published review articles in Parasitology, while Theme 9 presents a few studies unrelated to Parasitology.
20
Jarquín-Díaz, Víctor Hugo [Verfasser]. "Integrative analysis of morphology, multi-locus genotyping and host usage - a case study in Eimeria spp., intracellular parasites of rodents / Víctor Hugo Jarquín-Díaz." Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1229916474/34.
Full text
21
Forshage, Mattias. "Systematics of Eucoilini : Exploring the diversity of a poorly known group of Cynipoid parasitic wasps." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Systematisk biologi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-109400.
Full textAbstract:
Many animal species are still undiscovered, even in Sweden. This thesis deals with the wasps of the subfamily Eucoilinae (of Figitidae, Cynipoidea), a poorly known group of small parasitoids of Dipteran flies. In this group, old classifications are chaotic, knowledge of old taxa is scant, phylogenetic work has recently started, and many new taxa remain to be described. In this thesis, an identification key is given to the European genera of Eucolinae, and a tribal classification of the subfamily is reintroduced, based on recent phylogenetic results. Most of the thesis focuses on the tribe Eucoilini. That tribe is analyzed phylogenetically in two analyses, one based on a large morphological dataset, the other on two molecular markers, ribosomal 28S and mitochondrial Cytochrome B. The monophyletic core group of Eucoilini is the Eucoila/Trybliographa complex. It is treated in a big taxonomic revision, based on studies of several hundred possibly relevant type specimens and several thousands of other specimens, and on the phylogenetic analyses. More than 500 names of possible members of this group are investigated, and many new combinations are proposed, of species found not to belong within the group, as well as those that did, including some which are transferred to other genera in accordance with the new phylogenetic results. The new genus Quasimodoana is erected, and 20 new species described (8 from Northern Europe, 12 from elsewhere). More than 180 new combinations, more than 50 new species-level synonyms and ca 10 genus-level synonyms, are proposed. Within this complex, the basal split is found to have been between a Paleotropic, specis-poor lineage (Bothrochacis), and a species-rich and largely Holarctic lineage, dominated by Trybliographa but also including the small genera Eucoila and Linoeucoila. The three are not satisfactorily resolved in the analysis, but still maintained as separate genera for pragmatic reasons. It is hypothesized that this group originated in Asia during the Eocene or Oligocene, attacking calyptrate flies in herbivore dung. Then it separated in a tropical branch retaining the ancestral life history mode, and a Holarctic branch, where some lineages specialised in Anthomyiidae and colonised the microhabitats of fungi and plants, speciating extensively in the boreal forests.
22
Villain, Luc. "Caractérisation et bioécologie du complexe parasitaire du genre pratylenchus (nemata : pratylenchidae) présent sur caféiers (coffea spp. ) au Guatemala." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NSARA033.
Full textAbstract:
Les présents travaux ont pour premier objectif de caractériser quatre isolats de Pratylenchus morphologiquement proches de P. Coffeae, prélevés sur caféiers et sur quatre sites géographiques différents du Guatemala. Le mode de reproduction amphimictique obligatoire de ces isolats est confirmé. L'observation d'isolements sur le plan reproductif suggère l'appartenance de ces isolats à plusieurs espèces. Les outils de caractérisation utilisés montrent deux niveaux de diversité. L'observation détaillée au microscope électronique à balayage a permis de séparer les isolats en deux groupes. Pour trois de ces isolats, qui ont peu être étudiés par la suite, cette dichotomie morphologique coi͏̈ncide avec les différences de capacit reproductive sur rondelles de carottes in vitro en fonction de la empérature avec un optimum thermique situé entre 27 et 30ʿC ou entre 24 et 27ʿC. L'analyse multivariée d'un ensemble de descripteurs morphométriques a permis de différencier les trois isolats étudiés. Sur le plan biologique, chacun de ces trois isolats se différencie également l'un de l'autre par sa capacité reproductive sur cet hôte. La quantité de dommages observée sur la plante est pour chacun des isolats directement liée à sa capacité parasitaire. L'aptitude à produire des dégâts sur le système radiculaire apparaît identique pour les trois isolats. Cette étude suggère que le complexe parasitaire polyspécifique de Pratylenchus spp. Sur Coffea spp. Au Guatemala présente une importante diversité qui doit être étudiée au niveau méso-américain dans les différentes régions productrices de café.
23
Sadik, Amina. "Contribution a l'etude d'une viscacee hemiparasite epiphyte : arceuthobium oxycedri (d. c.) m. bieb. : organisation et ultrastructure du systeme endophytique, etude de quelques aspects de la physiologie du parasite et de ses relations avec l'hote." Nantes, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NANT2029.
Full text
24
Góes, Vanessa Coelho de. "Envolvimento cardíaco e pulmonar na esquistossomose aguda e crônica de camundongos alimentados com dieta hiperlipídica." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6356.
Full textAbstract:
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de JaneiroO objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar as alterações no tecido cardíaco e pulmonar de camundongos dislipidêmicos, esquistossomóticos e seus controles que haviam sido eutanasiados com 9 (fase aguda) e 17 (fase crônica) semanas de infecção. Foram estudados quatro grupos de camundongos, segundo a dieta e tempo de infecção: dieta padrão (SCa e SCc), dieta hiperlipídica (HFCa e HFCc), dieta padrão infectados (ISCa e ISCc) e dieta hiperlipídica infectados (IHFCa e IHFCc). O coração e o pulmão foram retirados, seccionados e os fragmentos foram submetidos a processamento histológico e corados com Hematoxilina e Eosina e Picrosirius red. Foram realizadas análises histopatológicas dos dois órgãos, além de estudos estereológico (dissector óptico) e morfométrico (vasos, cardiomiócitos e quantificação de colágeno) do coração. Os grupos foram comparados pelos Testes T de Student e/ou ANOVA. Todos os animais com dieta hiperlipídica, infectados ou não, apresentaram menor densidade de número e número total de cardiomiócitos (p<0,05), além de vasos intramiocárdicos com lúmen mais reduzido e paredes mais espessas que os controles, independente da semana em que foram eutanasiados. Os cardiomiócitos dos grupos IHFCa e IHFCc estavam mais hiperplásicos (p<0,0001) e continham mais colágeno ao redor (p<0,05) que os dos demais grupos estudados. Os corações dos grupos IHFC, nas duas fases, apresentaram maior quantidade de nichos inflamatórios, inúmeras regiões contendo coagulação de fibras cardíacas, maior número de áreas com desaparecimento de fibras e proliferação de fibroblastos quando comparados aos grupos ISC. Os pulmões de camundongos do grupo IHFCc apresentaram aumento do número de reações granulomatosas e infiltrados perivasculares quando comparados aos demais grupos infectados. Esses dados sugerem que a infecção por S. mansoni causa danos às estruturas miocárdica e pulmonar que se intensificam com a interação com a dieta rica em lipídios.
The aim of this work was to evaluate changes in heart and lung tissue of mice underlying dyslipidemia, schistosomiasis and their controls euthanized in 9th (acute phase) and 17th (chronic phase) weeks post-infection. Four groups of mice were studied, according to the diet and time of infection: standard chow (SCa and SCc), high-fat chow (HFCa and HFCc), infected standard chow (ISCa and ISCc) and infected high-fat chow (IHFCa and IHFCc). The heart and lungs were extracted, sectioned and their fragments passed by histological procedures and were stained with Hematoxilin and Eosin and Picrosirius Red. Histopathological analysis was performed on both organs, and also stereological (optical disector) and morphometric studies (vessels, cardiomyocytes and quantification of collagen) of the heart. Groups were compared by: Student T and/or ANOVA tests. All animals fed high-fat chow, infected or not, had a lower numerical density and total number of cardiomyocytes (p<0.05), and also intramyocardial vessels with smaller lumens and thicker walls than controls, independent of the week that were euthanized. Cardiomyocytes of IHFCa and IHFCc groups were more hyperplastic (p<0.0001) and contained more collagen around (p<0.05) than those of all other groups. The hearts of the IHFC groups, in both phases, showed a higher number of inflammatory niches, several areas containing coagulation of cardiac fibers, a greater number of cardiomyocytes losses and proliferation of fibroblasts compared to ISC groups. Mice lungs of IHFCc group presented an increased number of reports of granulomatous reactions and perivascular infiltrates when compared to other infected groups. These data suggest that S. mansoni infection causes damages to myocardial and pulmonary structures which are intensified by high-fat diet association.
25
Vitta, Ana Cristina Renna de. "Caracterização morfológica das glândulas de Brindley e metasternais, identificação química das suas secreções e comportamento sexual em Triatoma brasiliensis (Reduviidae, Triatominae)." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2005. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3947.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:30:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
texto completo.pdf: 4221966 bytes, checksum: 09f2c3231a81c4d2d8a60ef298168caa (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2005-02-25Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Adults of Triatoma brasiliensis (Reduviidae) show two pairs of exocrine glands: the metasternal and the Brindley glands. The first one is located in the ventral part of the metathorax, while Brindleys glands are found in the lateral part of the superior metathorax. In both glands, the secretory cells correspond to type III, according to the classification of Noirot & Quennedey (1991). Metasternal glands present tricoid sensilla next to their external opening. In the cytoplasm of the secretory cells of these glands granules strongly stained were usually found, suggesting that these glands produce different substances than those of Brindleys glands. The substances found in the secretion of the Brindleys glands of T.brasiliensis were identified for the first time, as a mixture of five fatty acids: acetic; propanoic; isobutyric; butyric and 2-methyl-butyric acids. Isobutiric acid was found to be the most abundant compound and no qualitative or quantitative differences were observed in relation to gland contents for both sexes. Our results demonstrated that the metasternal glands of T. brasiliensis are also involved in the synthesis of volatile substances. These glands produce basically ketones and alcohols, 3-pentanone was the major constituent of the mixture found in these glands for both sexes. After their mechanical disturbance, adults of T. brasiliensis emitted a mixture of 10 different compounds consisting of ketones, alchools and fatty acids, including substances from both metasternal and Brindleys glands,. Finally, we analyzed the sexual behavior of T. brasiliensis: the copula last, in average, 6 ± 1 min and the number of male attempts to copulate varied according to the insect age. Females of T. brasiliensis showed three types of rejection in response to male attempt to copulate: flattening, abdominal movements and evasion. The analysis of the female behavior revealed that the number of rejections in response to male attempts stayed the same during the pre-feeding period. After feeding a gradual decrease in the number of rejections was observed, diminishing until reaching zero rejection at approximately the day 8 post-feeding. We suggest a behavioral mechanism in the female, after feeding, that may trigger the acceptance of the male attempt to copulate in T. brasiliensis. The relevance of the results for understanding the behavioral repertoire of the specie, particularly in the sexual context, is discussed.
As glândulas exócrinas de T. brasiliensis foram analisadas do ponto de vista morfológico e histológico no presente trabalho. Insetos adultos de Triatoma brasiliensis apresentam dois pares de glândulas exócrinas produtoras de voláteis: as glândulas metasternais, localizadas no metatoráx ventral e as glândulas de Brindley, situadas no metatórax lateral superior. Nossos resultados descrevem pela primeira vez detalhes histológicos e morfológicos destas glândulas em Triatoma brasiliensis. Em ambas glândulas metasternais e de Brindley as células secretoras seriam do tipo III, segundo classificação proposta por Noirot & Quennedey (1991). A glândula metasternal apresenta sensilas tricóides na região próxima à sua abertura externa. No citoplasma de suas células secretoras foram encontrados grânulos fortemente corados, sugerindo que esta glândula produz substâncias diferentes daquelas produzidas pelas glândulas de Brindley, que apresentam vacúolos não corados, indicando ausência de grânulos. Uma mistura de cinco ácidos graxos foi identificada: ácido acético; ácido propanóico; ácido isobutírico; ácido butírico e ácido 2-metil-butírico. O componente mais abundante foi o ácido isobutírico e nenhuma diferença qualitativa ou quantitativa entre os sexos foi observada em relação ao seu conteúdo. Nossos resultados também demonstram que as glândulas metasternais de T. brasiliensis estão envolvidas na síntese de substâncias voláteis. Estas glândulas produzem basicamente álcoois e cetonas, sendo que o principal constituinte encontrado nas glândulas de ambos os sexos foi a 3-pentanona. Durante a perturbação mecânica, adultos de T. brasiliensis liberam uma mistura de 10 componentes diferentes, constituída por ácidos, cetonas e álcoois, incluindo substâncias provenientes das glândulas metasternais e de Brindley. Paralelamente, foi analisando o comportamento sexual de T. brasiliensis. Observamos que a cópula tem uma duração média de 6 +ou- 7 min. Fêmeas desta espécie apresentaram somente três tipos de comportamento de rejeição frente ás tentativas de cópula dos machos como o achatamento corporal, os movimentos abdominais e a evasão. O número de tentativas de cópula realizadas pelos machos variou em função da idade. A análise do comportamento das fêmeas revelou que o número de rejeições em resposta às tentativas dos machos se manteve igual durante o período pré-alimentação, não sendo afetado pela sua idade. No período pós-alimentação foi observada uma mudança gradual na porcentagem de tentativas de cópula rejeitadas pelas fêmeas que, diminuiu gradativamente até atingir 0 %. Sugere-se que algum mecanismo comportamental desencadeado na fêmea dias após alimentação esteja determinando a ausência de rejeições e conseqüente aceitação da cópula em T. brasiliensis. A importância destes resultados com relação ao comportamento destes insetos, e particularmente no contexto sexual, é discutida.
26
Cunha, Fernanda Barbosa de Almeida da. "Hidatidose policística no norte do Brasil: abordagem parasitológica e histopatológica de pacas e casos humanos." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5956.
Full textAbstract:
A hidatidose policística é uma zoonose causada pelo cestóide Echinococcus vogeli, amplamente distribuído no norte do Brasil. Os hospedeiros definitivos são Speothos venaticus (cachorro-vinagre) e Canis familiaris (cães domésticos), enquanto Agouti paca (paca) é hospedeiro intermediário. Tanto as pacas quanto o homem (hospedeiro acidental) desenvolvem a forma larvar (metacestóide), principalmente na superfície e no interior do fígado. Esta tese tem como objetivo geral estudar as características parasitológicas e histopatológicas de metacestóides de E. vogeli, originários de pacas e humanos da região norte do Brasil, visto o conhecimento insuficiente ou mesmo o seu desconhecimento. Os fígados e mesentérios foram obtidos de oito pacientes com hidatidose policística durante ato cirúrgico na Fundação Hospital Estadual do Acre. Pacas foram capturadas no Município de Bujari, Floresta Estadual do Antimary, Acre. Durante a necropsia das pacas, foram observadas lesões macroscópicas (massas esbranquiçadas ou amareladas, semelhantes a bolhas na superfície dos fígados). Para a análise parasitológica foram aplicadas as microscopias de luz, contraste interferencial de Normaski (DIC) e varredura laser confocal. A análise morfométrica foi realizada com o auxílio do Programa Image Pro Plus Media Cybernetics. Os órgãos de pacas e humanos foram submetidos à análise histopatológica. Os pequenos e grandes ganchos rostelares apresentaram polimorfismo morfológico, enquanto a organização dos protoescólices acompanhou o padrão descrito para Echinococcus sp. Todas as pacas apresentavam cistos hepáticos, porém em apenas duas encontramos líquido hidático, comprovados pela presença dos ganchos e protoescólices. A análise histopatológica dos tecidos hepáticos das pacas confirmou a hidatidose policística e evidenciou, pela presença de agrupamentos de ovos, a coinfecção com Calodium hepaticum. As características morfológicas dos ganchos rostelares dos casos humanos não diferiram do descrito para as pacas, entretanto, os ganchos dos helmintos provenientes do fígado foram maiores que os mesentéricos. Já em relação aos protoescólices, os mesentéricos foram maiores do que os hepáticos. Cistos mesentéricos e hepáticos apresentaram protoescólices em diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento, com coroas de ganchos, formadas por grandes e pequenos ganchos, e dois pares de ventosas, além dos corpúsculos calcários. Os cistos hepáticos apresentaram as três membranas características (adventícia, anista e germinativa), enquanto os cistos mesentéricos não apresentaram a membrana adventícia, sendo a anista aquela que mais se destacou neste órgão. No mesentério, as células mononucleares foram os principais constituintes do infiltrado leucocitário, cuja intensidade foi relacionada à capacidade proliferativa da membrana germinativa. Além de cistos hepáticos típicos de fase crônica, dependendo da resposta inflamatória, foram observados cistos na fase aguda e sub-aguda. Foi encontrado um caso de coinfecção com vírus (HIV, HCB e HCV) e outro com envolvimento da vesícula biliar. Em suma, confirma-se hidatidose policística em pacas no Acre e são apresentados novos casos de infecção humana no Acre e Amazonas. Pela primeira vez, é demonstrado polimorfismo, padrão diferente de desenvolvimento dos cistos de acordo com o órgão, coinfecção e envolvimento da vesícula biliarPolycystic hydatidosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the cestode Echinococcus vogeli, largely distributed in northern Brazil. The definitive hosts are Speothos venaticus (bush dogs) and Canis familiaris (domestic dogs), while Agouti paca (paca) is the intermediate host. Both the pacas and man (accidental host) develop the larval form (metacestodes), mainly on the surface and inside the liver. This thesis aims to study histopathological and parasitological characteristics of metacestodes of E. vogeli, from pacas and humans of the north region of Brazil, seen the insufficient knowledge or lack of it. The mesentery and livers were recovered from eight patients with polycystic hydatidosis during surgery in the Acre State Hospital Foundation. Pacas were captured in the municipality of Bujari, Antimary State Forest, Acre. During the pacas necropsy, macroscopic lesions were observed (whitish or yellowish masses, similar to blisters on the surface of the liver). Identification analyses were applied to light microscopy, interferential contrast microscopy of Normaski (DIC) and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Morphometric analysis was performed by Image Pro Plus Media Cybernetics program. The pacas and human organs were subjected to histopathological analysis. The small and large rostellar hooks presented morphological polymorphism while protoscoleces organisation accompanied the pattern described in Echinococcus sp. All pacas presented liver cysts, however in only two found proven by the presence of hydatid fluid, hooks and protoscoleces. Histopathological analysis of pacas hepatic tissues confirmed polycystic hydatidosis and evidenced by the presence of eggs clusters the Calodium hepaticum coinfection. The morphological characteristics of human cases rostellar hooks did not differ from described to the pacas; however, the hooks were greater than the mesenteric ones. Already in relation to protoscoleces, the mesenteric ones were larger than the liver. Mesenteric and liver cysts presented protoscoleces at different stages of development, with rostellar pad formed by large and small hooks, and two pairs of suckers, in addition to the calcareous corpuscles. Liver cysts showed three characteristics layers (adventitia, laminated and germinative), while mesenteric cysts did not present the adventitia, being the laminated layer the most evidenced in this organ. In the mesentery, mononuclear cells were the principal constituents of leukocyte infiltrated, whose intensity was related to the proliferative capacity of germinative layer. In addition to typical liver cysts of the chronic phase, depending on the inflammatory response, have been observed cysts in acute and subacute phase. It was found a case of co-infection with virus (HIV, HCV and HCB) and another with gallbladder involvement. In short, it is confirmed polycystic hydatidosis in pacas from Acre and is presented new cases of human infection in Acre and Amazonas. For the first time, it was demonstrated polymorphism, different development pattern of cysts depending on the organ, co-infection and gallbladder involvement
27
Sedlaczek, Jürgen. "Untersuchungen zum Auftreten von Myxosporidien bei Nutz- und Wildfischarten aus Binnengewässern der DDR." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17430.
Full textAbstract:
Die Arbeit verfolgt das Ziel, eine Übersicht über die bei verschiedenen Süßwasserfischarten festgestellten Myxosporidien zu geben. Aus Gewässern der DDR-Bezirke Potsdam, Berlin, Frankfurt (Oder), Cottbus und Dresden wurden 1.850 Fische (1.015 Karpfen, 258 Regenbogenforellen, 143 Silberkarpfen, 104 Plötzen sowie weitere 22 Fischarten in geringer Zahl untersucht. Es wurden 40 Myxosporidienarten folgender taxonomischer Gruppen nachgewiesen: Myxidiidae (7), Sphaerosporidae (6), Chloromyxidae (4) und Myxobolidae (23). In der Arbeit sind Maße, Fotos und Zeichnungen der Parasiten enthalten. Es wurden Angaben über die Taxonomie, Organspezifität, Saisondynamik, Epizootiologie und Auswirkungen auf die Fischgesundheit gemacht. Es erfolgte ein Vergleich mit früheren Arbeiten in der DDR auf diesem Gebiet. Der Artenbestand an Myxosporidien konnte um 39 Arten erweitert werden. Anhand faunistischer Arbeiten aus benachbarten Ländern wurden die Bedeutung und Perspektiven zum Auftreten von Myxosporidiosen in der DDR herausgestellt.This work aims to give an overview about the detected Myxosporeans in different species of freshwater fishes. From inland waters of the GDR districts Potsdam, Berlin, Frankfurt (Oder), Cottbus and Dresden 1.850 fishes (1.015 carps, 258 rainbow trouts, 143 silver carps, 104 roach and more 22 Fish species in small numbers were studied. 40 Myxosporean species of following taxonomic groups were detected: Myxidiidae (7), Sphaerosporidae (6), Chloromyxidae (4) und Myxobolidae (23). In this work are presented dimensions, photos and drawings of the parasites. Details are given on taxonomy, organ specificity, season dynamics, epizootiology and the impact on fish health A comparison with previous work in the GDR on this subject was carried out. The species inventory on Myxosporidia could be extended to 39 species. Based on faunal work from neighboring countries the importance and prospects for occurrence of Myxosporidiosis in the GDR were highlighted.
28
Stewardson, Carolyn Louise, and carolyn stewardson@anu edu au. "Biology and conservation of the Cape (South African) fur seal Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus (Pinnipedia: Otariidae) from the Eastern Cape Coast of South Africa." The Australian National University. Faculty of Science, 2002. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20030124.162757.
Full textAbstract:
[For the Abstract, please see the PDF files below, namely "front.pdf"] CONTENTS. Chapter 1 Introduction. Chapter 2 Gross and microscopic visceral anatomy of the male Cape fur seal with reference to organ size and growth. Chapter 3 Age determination and growth in the male Cape fur seal: part one, external body. Chapter 4 Age determination and growth in the male Cape fur seal: part two, skull. Chapter 5 Age determination and growth in the male Cape fur seal: part three, baculum. Chapter 6 Suture age as an indicator of physiological age in the male Cape fur seal. Chapter 7 Sexual dimorphism in the adult Cape fur seal: standard body length and skull morphology. Chapter 8 Reproduction in the male Cape fur seal: age at puberty and annual cycle of the testis. Chapter 9 Diet and foraging behaviour of the Cape fur seal. Chapter 10(a) The Impact of the fur seal industry on the distribution and abundance of Cape fur seals. Chapter 10(b) South African Airforce wildlife rescue: Cape fur seal pups washed from Black Rocks, Algoa Bay, during heavy seas, December 1976. Chapter 11(a) Operational interactions between Cape fur seals and fisheries: part one, trawl fishing. Chapter 11(b) Operational interactions between Cape fur seals and fisheries: part two, squid jigging and line fishing. Chapter 11(c) Operational interactions between Cape fur seals and fisheries: part three, entanglement in man-made debris. Chapter 12 Concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni & Zn) and organochlorine contaminants (PCBs, DDT, DDE & DDD) in the blubber of Cape fur seals. Chapter 13 Endoparasites of the Cape fur seal. Chapter 14(a) Preliminary investigations of shark predation on Cape fur seals. Chapter 14(b) Aggressive behaviour of an adult male Cape fur seal towards a great white shark Carcharodon carcharias. Chapter 15 Conclusions and future directions.
29
Everts, Lourelle Alicia Martins. "Aspects of the reproductive biology of Argulus japonicus and the morphology of Argulus coregoni from Malaysia." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3767.
Full textAbstract:
M.Sc.A general introduction provides the foremost morphological characteristics of the genus. A breeding colony of Argulus japonicus was kept under laboratory conditions in order to study sperm transfer. Pairs in copula were studied with histology and scanning electron microscopy. Sections of copulating pairs revealed sperm on the accessory copulatory structures of the male; and scanning electron microscopy showed that sperm transfer occurs in three phases which can be differentiated to ten different stages. Sperm transfer occurs via a spermatophore in A. japonicus. This is the first observation of a spermatophore in Argulus. For the second part of this study, seven specimens of an unknown freshwater ectoparasitic crustacean were collected from red tilapia fish, kept for consumption at the “Langat Fishing, Seafood and Beer Garden” Restaurant just off the Langat River in Selangor, Malaysia. Initial investigation showed that the specimens were of the genus Argulus. Light and scanning electron microscopical studies were subsequently used to identify the species. A comparison with all Argulus species formerly described from Asia and the surrounding islands was conducted. The species was identified as Argulus coregoni, due to the presence of the roughly triangular shaped anterior respiratory areas and the kidney bean shaped posterior respiratory areas. Additionally, the abdomen with sharply pointed terminal ends as well as the presence of characteristic accessory protrusions on the second ii swimming leg of the male specimens confirmed this identification. This species has not previously been described from Malaysia. The final chapter of this dissertation contains an overall summative discussion of the different parts of this study and highlights future possible research avenues.
30
Austin, Amanda. "Aspects of the morphology, parasite host specificity and genetics of selected Labeobarbus polylepis populations." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3599.
Full textAbstract:
M.Sc.The Bushveld smallscale yellowfish, Labeobarbus polylepis (Boulenger, 1907), is an ecologically, socially and economically important species. These indigenous freshwater fish are found above an altitude of 600m, and occur in the Inkomati and Phongolo River Systems and the southern tributaries of the Limpopo River System. In the past, it was suspected that morphological differences exist between the different L. polylepis populations, due to the occurrence of the rubberlip formation of individuals from the Elands River. Specimens of five L. polylepis populations were collected from the Phongolo, Assegaai, Elands and Komati rivers and Ngodwana Dam, Mpumalanga, South Africa. A L. natalensis population was collected from the Umvoti River and used as an out-group. Nine meristic counts and 46 morphometric measurements were taken. The measurements were changed into percentage ratios based on the fork length of each individual. The data was statically analysed and includes Multidimensional scaling techniques (MSD’s) and Principle Component Analysis (PCA’s). Statistical analysis split the five populations into three groups. The one group consists of fish from the Phongolo and Assegaai rivers, the second group consists of fish from the Elands River and Ngodwana Dam and the third group is mainly Komati River fish. The third group is the only group that does not overlap with any other group. There were morphological differences between the groups, but they were not significant. The L. natalensis population is morphologically similar to L. polylepis populations obtained from the Phongolo and Assegaai rivers. Twenty enzyme coding loci in two L. polylepis populations from the Phongolo and Elands rivers were analysed by horizontal starch gel-electrophoresis. Electrophoretic analysis of heart, muscle and liver tissue samples revealed genetic variation at 15% (Elands River) and 35% (Phongolo River) of the protein coding loci studied. Average heterozygosity values based on Hardy-Weinberg expectation were 0.019 (Elands River) and 0.059 (Phongolo River), with a genetic distance value of 0.004 between these populations.
31
Cook, Colt William. "The early life history and reproductive biology of Cymothoa excisa, a marine isopod parasitizing Atlantic croaker, (Micropogonias undulatus), along the Texas coast." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2012-08-6285.
Full textAbstract:
Parasite population dynamics and the evolution of life history characteristics are strongly correlated with the processes of host infection, survival within a host and reproduction, with each process posing a challenge to the parasitic lifestyle. Macroparasites living in marine environments have evolved extreme changes in physiology, morphology and life history traits to overcome these challenges. This study focused on the infective and reproductive stage of the parasitic isopod, Cymothoa excisa, a common parasite on Atlantic croaker, (Micropogonias undulatus), along the Texas coast. A two year survey identified infection rates and the relationship between fish density and size and parasite load, size and fecundity. Isopod morphology was quantified for each life stage, identifying shape transitions through ontogeny and sex change. Sex change in C. excisa was found to be driven by the absence of conspecific parasites within a host, where sex change only occurred in the first individual to arrive. To understand the infective stage of C. excisa parasite energetics and host detection mechanisms were tested. Parasites with free-living life stages have a narrow window to infect a host and have evolved a number of mechanisms to detect and locate a host. I used a series of energetic experiments to determine an infection window for free-swimming larvae (mancae) and behavioral response experiments testing both visual and chemical cues associated with host detection. Mancae were found to have a narrow infection window, where mancae began searching for a host as soon as they are born, but quickly switch to an ambush strategy to conserve energy. Mancae were also found to be responsive to both visual and chemical cues from its common fish host, as well as a non-host fish, indicating that chemical cues are used in host detection, but chemical specificity is not a mechanism that C. excisa uses to find its common host. The results from this study have implications to parasitic species and their hosts, as well as to other areas of study, including population and ecosystem dynamics.text
32
Cavaleiro, Francisca Isabel Merino Nunes Cabral. "Parasite fauna of Octopus vulgaris (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) and Platichthys flesus ( Actinopterygii: Pleuronectidae): morphology, systematics, life history strategies and ecology." Tese, 2013. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/70567.
Full text
33
Cavaleiro, Francisca Isabel Merino Nunes Cabral. "Parasite fauna of Octopus vulgaris (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) and Platichthys flesus ( Actinopterygii: Pleuronectidae): morphology, systematics, life history strategies and ecology." Doctoral thesis, 2013. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/70567.
Full text
34
Baker, Chantelle. "The morphology of the alimentary canal of Argulus japonicus (Crustacea: Branchiura) with reference to the host (Cyprinus carpio) parasite interface." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11996.
Full text
35
Donaleshen, Kathleen Louise. "Interaction Between the Seed-Chalcid Wasp, Megastigmus spermotrophus and its Host, Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/6726.
Full textAbstract:
Megastigmus spermotrophus is a parasitic chalcid wasp that spends most of its life in the seed of its host, Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). The adult female wasp lays its eggs into the megagametophyte deep within the ovule; the larva prevents an unpollinated ovule from aborting, redirecting resources to feed itself. Host-site selection pressures that influence female oviposition depend on a number of factors. Morphological characteristics of Douglas-fir cones including seed size, seed location, and scale thickness were measured for every ovuliferous scale. Seeds infested by M. spermotrophus as well as seeds fused to galls intiated by a competing conophyte, Contarinia oregonensis were noted. Using a generalized linear mixed effects model, I found that seed position, and the presence of C. oregonensis, were strong predictors of Megastigmus infestation. The percent of M. spermotrophus infested seed was higher in the apical and basal regions of the cone where seeds were smaller, scales were thinner and C. oregonensis were less frequently found. M. spermotrophus was also found to exploit seeds in regions of the cone, where seeds rarely complete development. These data suggest that competitors may not be the only factor influencing infestation; factors of cone morphology are also important.
Douglas-fir seed does not show any anatomically detectable defense response to Megastigmus attack. To study mechanisms of host manipulation and defense response of the seed I took a genomics approach. Four types of ovules/seeds were studied: 1. pollinated & uninfested, 2. pollinated & infested, 3. unpollinated & uninfested, and 4. unpollinated and infested. A de novo reference transcriptome was assembled. Transcripts were annotated based on sequence similarity to genes of Pinus taeda, Arabidopsis thaliana, Nasonia vitripennis, and the UniProt database. Expression values were estimated based on the alignment of the original reads back onto the reference transcriptome. Differentially expressed transcripts were identified. Oviposition of M. spermotrophus caused changes in expression of Douglas-fir transcripts. Functional classification of differentially expressed transcripts between infested and uninfested seed revealed genes with possible roles in wounding, but none specific to herbivory. Infested treatments had more transcripts similarly expressed to pollinated than unpollinated seeds suggesting that M. spermotrophus is capable of manipulating gene expression. These transcripts had functional roles related to seed storage, cell division and growth, solute transport, hormone signalling, and programmed cell death among others. Overall, this study reveals a select set of genes that may be involved in stress response to wounding and also genes important for seed development and maturation.Graduate
36
XU, MING-GUANG, and 徐明光. "Study on ecology, habit, and morphology of parasitic green algae:Stomatochroon sp. in Taiwan (trentepohliaceae; chlophyta)." Thesis, 1987. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90118795612526230154.
Full text
37
Seddon, Laurette. "Aspects of the morphology and ecology of a Diplozoon species (Monogenea) from the gills of Labeo umbratus in the Vaal Dam and Vaal River barrage, Gauteng, South Africa." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1214.
Full text
38
Le, Roux Louise Erica. "Aspects of the morphology, ecology and pathology of Cichlidogyrus philander collected from Pseudocrenilabrus philander philander in the Padda Dam, South Africa." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3837.
Full textAbstract:
Ph.D.Members of Cichlidogyrus are monogenean ectoparasites occurring on the gill filaments of mainly cichlid fishes. An overview of the taxonomic background of the genus and motivation for the study is provided. In this study, existing information on their distribution is organised in a comprehensive table which includes 85 species, their taxonomic authors, hosts and localities from which they have been recorded. Representatives of this genus occur mainly in Africa, but have been found on cichlids as far as Mexico. Host specificity of members of the group is discussed. During the present investigation specimens of the genus Cichlidogyrus were found parasitising Pseudocrenilabrus philander philander, in the Padda Dam in Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa. Specimens were examined and identified as Cichlidogyrus philander, previously described from the same host, from Lake Kariba, in Zimbabwe. The morphology was studied utilizing light – and scanning electron microscopy. Specimens were stained with Horen‟s trichrome and photographed. Furthermore 100 whole mounted specimens, which were fixed and mounted in glycerine-ammonium-picrate, were measured. Larval specimens, and mature individuals with eggs in situ, were examined. The investigation of the ecology entailed monthly surveys during which a total of 245 fish specimens were collected with the aid of hand nets, over a period of 14 months (from March 2006 to June 2007). The fish were transported to the laboratory and killed by severing the spinal cord. Gills of specimens of P. p. philander (111), Gambusia affinis (105), Tilapia sparmanii (28) and one (1) 2 specimen of Cyprinus carpio were inspected, for the presence of monogeneans, with the aid of a dissection microscope. Only members of P. p. philander were parasitised by C. philander, indicating strict host specificity. The number of specimens varied from 0 to 184 per fish. The highest mean intensity of 91.6 occurred in the winter month of June 2007, although no significant correlation between season and the occurrence of this parasite was recorded. The prevalence was 100 % for ten of the fifteen surveys and no preference for host sex was recorded. The intensity of the infection correlates positively to the total length of the host, i.e. larger hosts harbour more worms. A positive correlation between condition factor and the total number of worms was found, indicating that more parasites are found on fish with a normal condition factor. No significant difference occurred between the numbers of parasites collected from gill arches on the left or right sides of fish. Statistical analysis of data showed that parasites disperse across the four gill arches with a higher proportion of parasites on the third and second gill arch. The highest proportion of the collected parasites occurred on the dorsal regions and on the distal ends of the gill filaments. Water quality variables do not significantly correlate to the prevalence, abundance or mean intensity of this parasite. This is the first ecological study conducted on specimens of C. philander, worldwide.
39
Le, Roux Louise Erica. "Aspects of the morphology and the ecology of a Paradiplozoon species from Barbus aeneus in the Vaal Dam, South Africa." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10907.
Full textAbstract:
M.Sc. ZoologyOnly a few species of the family Diplozoidae have previously been described from Africa, from various Labeo and Barbus species. An investigation was undertaken respectively in the Vaal Dam and Vaal River Barrage in the Vaal River system, South Africa to determine aspects of the morphology, taxonomy and ecology of specimens of this family collected from the gills of Barbus aeneus. Various fish species, namely B. aeneus, Barbus kimberleyensis, Labeo capensis, Labeo umbratus, Cyprinus carpio, Clarias gariepinus and Micropterus salmoides, were collected with the aid of gill nets. The fish were killed and the length, weight and sex determined. The gills were removed from the left and right gill chambers, placed in separate, marked petri dishes and covered with water from the dam. Gills (from first to fourth pair) were examined with the aid of a dissection microscope. The position of attachment and the region on the gill namely dorsal, median or ventral, was noted. Parasites were removed, fixed between a cover slip and glass slide in steaming hot aceto-formaldehyde alcohol and preserved in 70 % ethanol. A morphological study was undertaken. Results of a Scanning Electron Microscopy study illustrated the following external characteristics namely a round opisthohaptor with four pairs of clamps, while study of whole mounts revealed larval hooks, a round-ended intestine and eggs without filaments. Graphic reconstruction of serial sections of the reproductive system of parasites embedded in resin revealed that the vas deferens of one individual opens into the common vitelline duct of the other. Parasites were identified as belonging to the genus Paradiplozoon. The morphological characteristics, namely the round opisthohaptor, intestine with rounded ending, egg without filament and morphological measurements, of various structures (for example, total body length) that differ from other species of this genus, led to the establishment of a new species, that is, P. alwinii.