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Journal articles on the topic 'Parasite morphology'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 February 2022

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1

Rahimian, Hassan. "Parasites of fingerling herringClupea harengusL.: ecology and fine morphology." Journal of Helminthology 81, no. 2 (2007): 199–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x07735381.

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AbstractThe parasite fauna of young-of-the-year herringClupea harengusL., off Gullmarsfjord and Brofjorden, west coast of Sweden, was studied between May and October for 4 years, from 1994 to 1997. Fifteen species of parasites were found: two Protozoa –Trichodina sp.andCeratomyxa auerbachi; one species of uncertain affinity –Ichthyophonus hoferi; two Monogenea –Gyrodactylus harengiandPseudanthocotyloides heterocotyle; five Digenea –Cryptocotyle linguametacercariae,Cercaria pythionikemetacercariae,Hemiurus luehei,Lecithaster confususandPseudobacciger harengulae; three Cestoda plerocercoids –Bot

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GRUBER, JANINE, PETRA GANAS, and MICHAEL HESS. "Long-term in vitro cultivation of Histomonas meleagridis coincides with the dominance of a very distinct phenotype of the parasite exhibiting increased tenacity and improved cell yields." Parasitology 144, no. 9 (2017): 1253–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182017000646.

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SUMMARYThe majority of research on Histomonas meleagridis was performed in the first half of the last century, especially those on morphological aspects. In the present study identical monoxenic settings for cultures of the same H. meleagridis clonal strain in its virulent low passage and attenuated high passage form enabled a comparative analysis of parasite characteristics. For the first time, it could be shown that long-term in vitro cultivation led to a severe shift in cell morphology, with the occurrence of a very distinct phenotype expressing a flagellated and highly amoebic cell morphol

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PERKINS, S. L., E. S. MARTINSEN, and B. G. FALK. "Do molecules matter more than morphology? Promises and pitfalls in parasites." Parasitology 138, no. 13 (2011): 1664–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182011000679.

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SUMMARYSystematics involves resolving both the taxonomy and phylogenetic placement of organisms. We review the advantages and disadvantages of the two kinds of information commonly used for such inferences – morphological and molecular data – as applied to the systematics of metazoan parasites generally, with special attention to the malaria parasites. The problems that potentially confound the use of morphology in parasites include challenges to consistent specimen preservation, plasticity of features depending on hosts or other environmental factors, and morphological convergence. Molecular

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Öktener, Ahmet. "Morphology of Lernanthropinus trachuri ()(Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida, Lernanthropidae) from Bandirma Bay(Turkey)." Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research 20, no. 3 (2018): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/trser-2018-0019.

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Abstract The parasitic copepod, Lernanthropinus trachuri (Brian, 1903) (Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida, Lernanthropidae)was found on the Mediterranean horse mackerel, Trachurus mediterraneus in Bandırma Bay, Turkey. The aim of this study is to present female Lernanthropinus trachuri with morphological characters with photos from Turkey. The details unseen in photos were supported with drawings. All parasites were firmly attached to the gill filaments of the host. This parasite is also specific for the genus Trachurus (Costa et al 2017). Therefore, this parasite may use as biomonitor or tag specie

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Sweet, Andrew D., Sarah E. Bush, Daniel R. Gustafsson, et al. "Host and parasite morphology influence congruence between host and parasite phylogenies." International Journal for Parasitology 48, no. 8 (2018): 641–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2018.01.007.

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Coppens, Isabelle. "Metamorphoses of malaria: the role of autophagy in parasite differentiation." Essays in Biochemistry 51 (October 24, 2011): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bse0510127.

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Several protozoan parasites undergo a complex life cycle that alternates between an invertebrate vector and a vertebrate host. Adaptations to these different environments by the parasites are achieved by drastic changes in their morphology and metabolism. The malaria parasites must be transmitted to a mammal from a mosquito as part of their life cycle. Upon entering the mammalian host, extracellular malaria sporozoites reach the liver and invade hepatocytes, wherein they meet the challenge of becoming replication-competent schizonts. During the process of conversion, the sporozoite selectively

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Sanyal, Sohini, Stéphane Egée, Guillaume Bouyer, et al. "Plasmodium falciparum STEVOR proteins impact erythrocyte mechanical properties." Blood 119, no. 2 (2012): e1-e8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2011-08-370734.

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Infection of erythrocytes with the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, results in dramatic changes to the host cell structure and morphology. The predicted functional localization of the STEVOR proteins at the erythrocyte surface suggests that they may be involved in parasite-induced modifications of the erythrocyte membrane during parasite development. To address the biologic function of STEVOR proteins, we subjected a panel of stevor transgenic parasites and wild-type clonal lines exhibiting different expression levels for stevor genes to functional assays exploring parasite-induc

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WOOTTON, EMMA C., EDWARD C. POPE, CLAIRE L. VOGAN, EMILY C. ROBERTS, CHARLOTTE E. DAVIES, and ANDREW F. ROWLEY. "Morphology and pathology of the ectoparasitic copepod, Nicothoë astaci (‘lobster louse’) in the European lobster, Homarus gammarus." Parasitology 138, no. 10 (2011): 1285–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003118201100093x.

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SUMMARYEctoparasitic copepods have been reported in a wide range of aquatic animals, including crustacean shellfish. However, with the exception of the salmon louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, our knowledge of such parasites in commercial species is rudimentary. The current study examines the morphology and pathology of the parasitic copepod, Nicothoë astaci (the ‘lobster louse’) in its host, the European lobster, Homarus gammarus. Lobsters were sampled from waters surrounding Lundy Island (Bristol Channel, UK) and all individuals collected were found to harbour female adult N. astaci in their g

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Grabda-Kazubska, B., V. Kiseliene, and Ch Bayssade-Dufour. "Morphology and chaetotaxy ofEchinochasmussp. cercaria (Trematoda, Echinochasmidae)." Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée 66, no. 6 (1991): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/1991666263.

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Poulin, Robert, and William J. Hamilton. "The Hamilton and Zuk Hypothesis Revisited: a Meta-Analytical Approach." Behaviour 134, no. 3-4 (1997): 299–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853997x00485.

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AbstractThe Hamilton & Zuk (1982) hypothesis of parasite-mediated sexual selection has been the subject of both inter- and intraspecific tests. Past reviews have used vote counting to determine whether this hypothesis is supported by empirical evidence. This study reanalysed 199 separate quantitative assessments of a central prediction of the Hamilton & Zuk hypothesis using meta-analytical techniques. Overall, our meta-analysis showed that there was a significant negative effect of parasites on male showiness as predicted. However the magnitude of this effect varied between host taxa a

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BRYAN, HEATHER M., CHRIS T. DARIMONT, JANET E. HILL, et al. "Seasonal and biogeographical patterns of gastrointestinal parasites in large carnivores: wolves in a coastal archipelago." Parasitology 139, no. 6 (2012): 781–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182011002319.

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SUMMARYParasites are increasingly recognized for their profound influences on individual, population and ecosystem health. We provide the first report of gastrointestinal parasites in gray wolves from the central and north coasts of British Columbia, Canada. Across 60 000 km2, wolf feces were collected from 34 packs in 2005–2008. At a smaller spatial scale (3300 km2), 8 packs were sampled in spring and autumn. Parasite eggs, larvae, and cysts were identified using standard flotation techniques and morphology. A subset of samples was analysed by PCR and sequencing to identify tapeworm eggs (n=9

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Warring, Sally D., Zhicheng Dou, Vern B. Carruthers, Geoffrey I. McFadden, and Giel G. van Dooren. "Characterization of the Chloroquine Resistance Transporter Homologue in Toxoplasma gondii." Eukaryotic Cell 13, no. 11 (2014): 1360–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00027-14.

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ABSTRACT Mutations in the Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter ( Pf CRT) protein confer resistance to the antimalarial drug chloroquine. Pf CRT localizes to the parasite digestive vacuole, the site of chloroquine action, where it mediates resistance by transporting chloroquine out of the digestive vacuole. Pf CRT belongs to a family of transporter proteins called the chloroquine resistance transporter family. CRT family proteins are found throughout the Apicomplexa, in some protists, and in plants. Despite the importance of Pf CRT in drug resistance, little is known about t

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Gupta, Nishith, Matthew M. Zahn, Isabelle Coppens, Keith A. Joiner, and Dennis R. Voelker. "Selective Disruption of Phosphatidylcholine Metabolism of the Intracellular ParasiteToxoplasma gondiiArrests Its Growth." Journal of Biological Chemistry 280, no. 16 (2005): 16345–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m501523200.

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Toxoplasma gondiiis an intracellular protozoan parasite capable of causing devastating infections in immunocompromised and immunologically immature individuals. In this report, we demonstrate the relative independence ofT. gondiifrom its host cell for aminoglycerophospholipid synthesis. The parasite can acquire the lipid precursors serine, ethanolamine, and choline from its environment and use them for the synthesis of its major lipids, phosphatidylserine (PtdSer), phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn), and phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho), respectively. Dimethylethanolamine (Etn(Me)2), a choline anal

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Kristan, Deborah M. "Effects of intestinal nematodes during lactation: consequences for host morphology, physiology and offspring mass." Journal of Experimental Biology 205, no. 24 (2002): 3955–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.205.24.3955.

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SUMMARYSublethal parasites are often assumed to have no detrimental effects on their host. However, the sublethal intestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus affects both the morphology and the physiology of its laboratory mouse (Mus musculus) host and therefore has the potential to affect host life history. The objectives of the present study were to determine (1) whether lactating and non-lactating mice responded similarly to experimental infection with H. polygyrus and (2) whether the changes in morphology and physiology that occurred with parasite infection affected host reproductive per

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SANTARÉM, NUNO, JOANA CUNHA, RICARDO SILVESTRE, et al. "The impact of distinct culture media inLeishmania infantumbiology and infectivity." Parasitology 141, no. 2 (2013): 192–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182013001388.

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SUMMARYAn ideal culture medium forLeishmaniapromastigotes should retain the basic characteristics of promastigotes found in sandflies (morphology and infectivity). Furthermore, the media should not create a bias in experimental settings, thus enabling the proper extrapolation of results. To assess this we studied several established media for promastigote growth. We analysed morphology, viability, cell cycle progression, metacyclic profile, capacity to differentiate into axenic amastigotes and infectivity. Furthermore, using a rational approach from the evaluated media we developed a simple se

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Kristan, Deborah M. "Maternal and direct effects of the intestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus on offspring growth and susceptibility to infection." Journal of Experimental Biology 205, no. 24 (2002): 3967–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.205.24.3967.

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SUMMARY The laboratory mouse (Mus musculus) has a naturally occurring intestinal nematode (Heligmosomoides polygyrus) that induces an immune response, causes phenotypic plasticity in metabolism and in organ structure and function, and results in changes in host reproductive output. The objectives of the present study were to determine (1) whether pups infected with parasites at weaning grew differently and had a different body composition at adulthood compared with uninfected pups, (2) whether offspring from parasitized mothers grew differently and had a different body composition at adulthood

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Hatton, Olivia, Lea Stitzlein, Richard W. Dudley, and Robert A. Charvat. "Evaluating the Antiparasitic Activity of Novel BPZ Derivatives Against Toxoplasma gondii." Microorganisms 8, no. 8 (2020): 1159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8081159.

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Prevalence studies revealed that one-third of the human population is chronically infected with Toxoplasma gondii. Presently, such infections are without medical treatment that effectively eradicates the parasite once it is in its latent form. Moreover, the therapeutics used to treat acute infections are poorly tolerated by patients and also cause the parasite to convert into long-lasting tissue cysts. Hence, there is a dire need for compounds with antiparasitic activity against all forms of T. gondii. This study examines the antiparasitic capacity of nine novel bisphenol Z (BPZ) derivatives t

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Morales, Miguel A., Pascale Pescher, and Gerald F. Späth. "Leishmania major MPK7 Protein Kinase Activity Inhibits Intracellular Growth of the Pathogenic Amastigote Stage." Eukaryotic Cell 9, no. 1 (2009): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00196-09.

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ABSTRACT During the infectious cycle, protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania undergo several adaptive differentiation steps that are induced by environmental factors and crucial for parasite infectivity. Genetic analyses of signaling proteins underlying Leishmania stage differentiation are often rendered difficult due to lethal null mutant phenotypes. Here we used a transgenic strategy to gain insight into the functions of the mitogen-activated Leishmania major protein kinases LmaMPK7 and LmaMPK10 in parasite virulence. We established L. major and Leishmania donovani lines expressing epis

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Murcia Zapata, Karen Nataly, María Paula Romero Cerón, Graciela Juez Castillo, and Brayan Alfonso Valencia Vidal. "Pattern Recognition Algorithm for Automatic Quantification of Toxoplasma gondii Tachyzoites." Ingeniería 26, no. 1 (2020): 93–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.14483/23448393.16102.

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Context: Digital image processing is an efficient and suitable computational tool for the automatic quantification of human pathogens in images, providing analysis in less time, greater number of samples, and result reproducibility. We propose the development and validation of an image processing algorithm, for the recognition and automatic quantification of T. gondii tachyzoites. Method: We developed an algorithm based on image processing. This workflow allows identifying the morphology of each parasite in the image by determining the number of parasites distinguishing them from those with a

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Boijink, C. L., P. O. Maciel, M. Tavares-Dias, et al. "Anesthesia by sprinkling method in the gills of tambaqui Colossoma macropomum does not influence intensity and morphology of monogeneans." Brazilian Journal of Biology 77, no. 2 (2016): 367–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.15915.

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Abstract The present study evaluates the influence of anesthesia on the parasitic fauna of monogenea fish parasites, as its intensity and viability. Two experiments were conducted: Evaluation of an anesthetic method by sprinkling eugenol directly on gills and evaluation of monogenea motility and viability; Comparison of immersion and directly sprinkling on the gills with benzocaine and eugenol followed by evaluation on parasite intensity. The results suggest that the anesthetic sprinkling didn’t interfere in the parasite motility, morphology and body surface integrity analyzed by fluorescence

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Šimková, Andrea, Celine Serbielle, Antoine Pariselle, Maarten P. M. Vanhove, and Serge Morand. "Speciation inThaparocleidus(Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) Parasitizing Asian Pangasiid Catfishes." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/353956.

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The phylogeny of monogeneans of the genusThaparocleidusthat parasitize the gills of Pangasiidae in Borneo and Sumatra was inferred from molecular data to investigate parasite speciation. The phylogeny of the Pangasiidae was also reconstructed in order to investigate host-parasite coevolutionary history. The monophyly ofThaparocleidusparasitizing Pangasiidae was confirmed. Low intraspecies molecular variability was observed in threeThaparocleidusspecies collected from geographically distant localities. However, a high intraspecies molecular variability was observed in twoThaparocleidusspecies s

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LOVY, J., and S. E. FRIEND. "Phylogeny and morphology of Ovipleistophora diplostomuri n. sp. (Microsporidia) with a unique dual-host tropism for bluegill sunfish and the digenean parasite Posthodiplostomum minimum (Strigeatida)." Parasitology 144, no. 14 (2017): 1898–911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182017001305.

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SUMMARYMicrosporidia are diverse opportunistic parasites abundant in aquatic organisms with some species hyperparasitic in digenean parasites. In the current study, we describe a unique microsporidian parasite, Ovipleistophora diplostomuri n. sp. that has a tropism for both the bluegill sunfish Lepomis macrochirus, and its digenean parasite Posthodiplostomum minimum. Though the microsporidium first infects a fish, the subsequent infection causes hypertrophy of the metacercarial wall and degeneration of the P. minimum metacercariae within the fish tissue. Genetic analysis placed this species wi

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Parmentier, Eric, Déborah Lanterbecq, and Igor Eeckhaut. "From commensalism to parasitism in Carapidae (Ophidiiformes): heterochronic modes of development?" PeerJ 4 (March 10, 2016): e1786. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1786.

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Phenotypic variations allow a lineage to move into new regions of the adaptive landscape. The purpose of this study is to analyse the life history of the pearlfishes (Carapinae) in a phylogenetic framework and particularly to highlight the evolution of parasite and commensal ways of life. Furthermore, we investigate the skull anatomy of parasites and commensals and discuss the developmental process that would explain the passage from one form to the other. The genusCarapusforms a paraphyletic grouping in contrast to the genusEncheliophis, which forms a monophyletic cluster. The combination of

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Xie, W., G. R. Racz, B. S. Terry, and S. L. Gardner. "A method for measuring the attachment strength of the cestode Hymenolepis diminuta to the rat intestine." Journal of Helminthology 91, no. 6 (2016): 762–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x1600078x.

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AbstractA unique adaptation of many internal parasites of mammals is their ability to stay in the intestine for extended periods of time and resist the normal peristaltic movements and forces that push and expel material. To better understand parasite adhesion behaviour and replicate their attachment method in medical devices, an experiment was designed and performed using the rat tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta. The experiment employed a tensile test machine and a digital scale and was designed to calculate the attachment strength of the scolex to the mucosa through the change of the value of

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de Castro Demoner, Larissa, Maria Regina Lucas da Silva, Natalia Mizuhira Magro, and Lucia Helena O'Dwyer. "Hepatozoon milleri sp. nov. (Adeleorina: Hepatozoidae) in Akodon montensis (Rodentia: Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae) from southeastern Brazil." Parasitology 146, no. 5 (2018): 662–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182018001956.

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AbstractMembers of the genus Hepatozoon (Miller, 1908) are blood parasites found in a wide range of host species, including wild rodents; however, information about the life cycle, distribution and Hepatozoon species diversity infecting these mammals are lacking. We studied the parasite stages and DNA sequences of Hepatozoon sp. of 11 naturally infected Akodon montensis. Thin blood smears, tissue samples and whole blood were obtained for morphology, morphometry and molecular analyses. Seven of the 11 rodents had gamonts on the blood smears. Biological and morphological features of the parasite

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Urca, Hadas, and Frida Ben-Ami. "The role of spore morphology in horizontal transmission of a microsporidium of Daphnia." Parasitology 145, no. 11 (2018): 1452–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182018000392.

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AbstractThe microsporidian parasite Hamiltosporidium tvaerminnensis can infect Daphnia magna both horizontally (through environmental spores) and vertically (through parthenogenetic and sexually produced eggs). The spores of H. tvaerminnensis come in three distinguishable morphologies, which are thought to have different roles in the transmission of the parasite. In this study, we examined the role of the two most common spore morphologies (i.e. oval-shaped spores and pear-shaped spores) in horizontal transmission of H. tvaerminnensis. To this end, we infected hosts with solutions consisting o

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DINGEMANSE, NIELS J., CHRIS OOSTERHOF, FONS VAN DER PLAS, and IAIN BARBER. "Variation in stickleback head morphology associated with parasite infection." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 96, no. 4 (2009): 759–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01179.x.

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Miura, Osamu, Armand M. Kuris, Mark E. Torchin, Ryan F. Hechinger, and Satoshi Chiba. "Parasites alter host phenotype and may create a new ecological niche for snail hosts." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 273, no. 1592 (2006): 1323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3451.

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By modifying the behaviour and morphology of hosts, parasites may strongly impact host individuals, populations and communities. We examined the effects of a common trematode parasite on its snail host, Batillaria cumingi (Batillariidae). This widespread snail is usually the most abundant invertebrate in salt marshes and mudflats of the northeastern coast of Asia. More than half (52.6%, n =1360) of the snails in our study were infected. We found that snails living in the lower intertidal zone were markedly larger and exhibited different shell morphology than those in the upper intertidal zone.

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Francisco, C. J., M. A. Hermida, and M. J. Santos. "Prosorhynchus crucibulum(Digenea: Bucephalidae) miracidium morphology and its passive transmission pattern." Parasite 19, no. 3 (2012): 277–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2012193277.

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Spallek, Thomas, Charles W. Melnyk, Takanori Wakatake, et al. "Interspecies hormonal control of host root morphology by parasitic plants." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 20 (2017): 5283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1619078114.

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Parasitic plants share a common anatomical feature, the haustorium. Haustoria enable both infection and nutrient transfer, which often leads to growth penalties for host plants and yield reduction in crop species. Haustoria also reciprocally transfer substances, such as RNA and proteins, from parasite to host, but the biological relevance for such movement remains unknown. Here, we studied such interspecies transport by using the hemiparasitic plant Phtheirospermum japonicum during infection of Arabidopsis thaliana. Tracer experiments revealed a rapid and efficient transfer of carboxyfluoresce

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Thornhill, Randy, Kristine Johnson, J. David Ligon, and Marlene Zuk. "Parasites and Male Ornaments in Free-Ranging and Captive Red Jungle Fowl." Behaviour 114, no. 1-4 (1990): 232–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853990x00149.

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AbstractThe morphology and parasite burdens of culled free-ranging red jungle fowl (Gallus gallus) from the San Diego Zoo were compared with those of captive roosters used previously in sexual selection experiments, to determine if results obtained with the captive birds were relevant to more natural situations. Zoo roosters had three helminth gut parasites: Ascaridia galli, tapeworms, and Heterakis. Parasite distribution was generally over-dispersed, with most individuals having none or few worms and some having heavy parasite burdens. These levels were comparable to those artificially induce

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Duffy, Meghan A., Timothy Y. James, and Alan Longworth. "Ecology, Virulence, and Phylogeny of Blastulidium paedophthorum, a Widespread Brood Parasite of Daphnia spp." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 16 (2015): 5486–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01369-15.

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ABSTRACTParasitism is now recognized as a major factor impacting the ecology and evolution of plankton, includingDaphnia. Parasites that attack the developing embryos of daphniids, known as brood parasites, were first described in the early 1900s but have received relatively little study. Here, we link previous morphological descriptions of the oomycete brood parasiteBlastulidium paedophthorumwith information on its phylogenetic placement, ecology, and virulence. Based on the morphology and phylogenetic relationship with other members of theLeptomitales, we show that a brood parasite observed

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Dahl, Erica L., Jennifer L. Shock, Bhaskar R. Shenai, Jiri Gut, Joseph L. DeRisi, and Philip J. Rosenthal. "Tetracyclines Specifically Target the Apicoplast of the Malaria Parasite Plasmodium falciparum." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 50, no. 9 (2006): 3124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00394-06.

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ABSTRACT Tetracyclines are effective but slow-acting antimalarial drugs whose mechanism of action remains uncertain. To characterize the antimalarial mechanism of tetracyclines, we evaluated their stage-specific activities, impacts on parasite transcription, and effects on two predicted organelle targets, the apicoplast and the mitochondrion, in cultured Plasmodium falciparum. Antimalarial effects were much greater after two 48-h life cycles than after one cycle, even if the drugs were removed at the end of the first cycle. Doxycycline-treated parasites appeared morphologically normal until la

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Rannala, B. H. "Comparative evolutionary genetics of trematode parasites (Plagiorchiidae) and their anuran hosts." Canadian Journal of Zoology 70, no. 5 (1992): 993–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z92-141.

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A study of five trematode species of the genera Glypthelmins and Haplometrana inhabiting anurans produced allozyme-based estimates of Nei's (1978) genetic distance ranging from 0.126 to 1.867. An estimate of trematode phylogeny is in agreement with earlier morphologically based phylogenetic hypotheses and is similar to the phylogeny for associated host ranid and hylid frogs based on rDNA and morphology. A comparison of the genetic distances observed among trematodes with those of their respective hosts suggests that host and parasite genetic distances are not significantly correlated. This is

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BOON, NELE A. M., WOUTER FANNES, SARA ROMBOUTS, KATJA POLMAN, FILIP A. M. VOLCKAERT, and TINE HUYSE. "Detecting hybridization in African schistosome species: does egg morphology complement molecular species identification?" Parasitology 144, no. 7 (2017): 954–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182017000087.

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SUMMARYHybrid parasites may have an increased transmission potential and higher virulence compared to their parental species. Consequently, hybrid detection is critical for disease control. Previous crossing experiments showed that hybrid schistosome eggs have distinct morphotypes. We therefore compared the performance of egg morphology with molecular markers with regard to detecting hybridization in schistosomes. We studied the morphology of 303 terminal-spined eggs, originating from 19 individuals inhabiting a hybrid zone with natural crosses between the human parasite Schistosoma haematobiu

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Tietze, Eleonor, Silvana V. Urquiza, and María Ornela Beltrame. "Paleoparasitological study of Holocene South American camelids (ca. 8970–470 years 14C BP) from an archaeological site, Southern Puna of Argentina (Antofagasta de la Sierra, Catamarca)." Holocene 31, no. 8 (2021): 1264–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09596836211011654.

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South American camelids (SAC) have occupied a central role in the development of Andean societies. They are widely distributed in South America and since ancient times are an important factor in Andean economies and social and ritual life. The archaeological site Punta de Peña 4 (PP4) is located in Antofagasta de la Sierra Basin (Southern Puna of Argentina). PP4 is a rock overhang and presents a large occupational sequence (early Holocene until historic times). The aim of this contribution is to study parasite diversity and the relationship among parasites and SAC through holocenic times in th

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Ferreira, Thalita C. S., Ismael P. Sauter, Lina Borda-Samper, et al. "Effect of DODAB Nano-Sized Cationic Bilayer Fragments against Leishmania amazonensis." Molecules 25, no. 23 (2020): 5741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25235741.

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The dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DODAB) is a double-chained cationic lipid with potent bactericide and fungistatic activities; however, its toxicity on protozoan parasites is still unknown. Here, we show the antileishmanial activity of DODAB nano-sized cationic bilayer fragments on stationary-phase promastigotes and amastigotes of Leishmania amazonensis, the causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Upon treatment with DODAB, we analyzed the parasite surface zeta-potential, parasite viability, cellular structural modifications, and intracellular proliferation. The DODAB cytotoxic eff

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Petrocelli, Iacopo, and Stefano Turillazzi. "Comparative morphology of Van der Vecht's organ inPolistessocial parasites: host ecology and adaptation of the parasite." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 109, no. 2 (2013): 313–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bij.12053.

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Siqueira, R. S., R. B. Lucena, R. R. Guerra, et al. "Erratic migration of Ascaridia hermaphrodita (Nematoda: Ascaridida) in a blue-fronted Amazon parrot (Amazona aestiva) from illegal wildlife trade: case report." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 73, no. 2 (2021): 445–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-12143.

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ABSTRACT Ascaridiasis by Ascaridia hermaphrodita is a common parasitic disease in blue-fronted Amazon parrots (Amazona aestiva) and the contamination occurs by ingestion of eggs. Illegal trade of wild birds can increase the frequency of visceral erratic migration by this parasite. Hence, this report describes the erratic migration of A. hermaphrodita and associated lesions in a blue-fronted Amazon parrot. This is a retrospective study, which originated from several apprehension of illegal birds in the state of Paraíba, Brazil. Necropsy revealed intense intestinal ascarid infestation. Hepatic l

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Harris, Tajie H., John M. Mansfield, and Donna M. Paulnock. "CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide Treatment Enhances Innate Resistance and Acquired Immunity to African Trypanosomes." Infection and Immunity 75, no. 5 (2007): 2366–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01649-06.

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ABSTRACTRelative resistance to African trypanosomiasis is based on the development of a type I cytokine response, which is partially dependent on innate immune responses generated through MyD88 and Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). Therefore, we asked whether enhancement of the immune response by artificial stimulation with CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN), a TLR9 agonist, would result in enhanced protection against trypanosomes. In susceptible BALB/c mice, relative resistance to infection was significantly enhanced by CpG ODN treatment and was associated with decreased parasite burden, increased cyt

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Džamić, A. M., I. V. Čolović, V. S. Arsić-Arsenijević, et al. "Human Dirofilaria repens infection in Serbia." Journal of Helminthology 83, no. 2 (2009): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x09341346.

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AbstractHuman infection by Dirofilaria repens in Serbia has been increasing steadily. The first case was reported in 1971, presented in the form of a single subcutaneous nodule on the back of a young boy. As established by a literature search, eight additional cases were reported until mid-2001. The most frequent site of infection was subcutaneous tissue, with the exception of two cases, in which parasites were found in subconjunctiva and epididymis. Our study, conducted from 2001 to 2008, encompasses 19 new cases. Most of them (63.1%) presented as ocular or periocular infections, in which the

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Sunter, Jack, and Keith Gull. "Shape, form, function and Leishmania pathogenicity: from textbook descriptions to biological understanding." Open Biology 7, no. 9 (2017): 170165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.170165.

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The shape and form of protozoan parasites are inextricably linked to their pathogenicity. The evolutionary pressure associated with establishing and maintaining an infection and transmission to vector or host has shaped parasite morphology. However, there is not a ‘one size fits all’ morphological solution to these different pressures, and parasites exhibit a range of different morphologies, reflecting the diversity of their complex life cycles. In this review, we will focus on the shape and form of Leishmania spp., a group of very successful protozoan parasites that cause a range of diseases

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Downes, Barbara J. "Host-Induced Morphology in Mites: Implications for Host-Parasite Coevolution." Systematic Zoology 39, no. 2 (1990): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2992453.

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Leander, Brian S., Juan F. Saldarriaga, and Patrick J. Keeling. "Surface morphology of the marine parasite Haplozoon axiothellae Siebert (Dinoflagellata)." European Journal of Protistology 38, no. 3 (2002): 287–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1078/0932-4739-00882.

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Roth, Myron. "Morphology and development of the egg case in the parasitic copepod Haemobaphes intermedius Kabata, 1967 (Copepoda: Pennellidae)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 66, no. 11 (1988): 2573–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z88-378.

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Studies on the morphology of the egg sacs of the copepod parasite Haemobaphes intermedius Kabata, 1967 indicate that a distinctive change in appearance occurs once the egg sac is mature and ready to hatch. Highest rates of infection by copepodids occur where adults are found, suggesting a one-host life cycle. Clinocottus acuticeps is recorded as a new host for H. intermedius, as well as for Holobomolochus sp. and Clavella sp. The ecology of the tide pool is discussed in relation to intertidal fish parasites.

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Huntley, John Warren, and Daniele Scarponi. "Parasitism and host behavior in the context of a changing environment: The Holocene record of the commercially important bivalve Chamelea gallina, northern Italy." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (2021): e0247790. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247790.

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Rapid warming and sea-level rise are predicted to be major driving forces in shaping coastal ecosystems and their services in the next century. Though forecasts of the multiple and complex effects of temperature and sea-level rise on ecological interactions suggest negative impacts on parasite diversity, the effect of long term climate change on parasite dynamics is complex and unresolved. Digenean trematodes are complex life cycle parasites that can induce characteristic traces on their bivalve hosts and hold potential to infer parasite host-dynamics through time and space. Previous work has

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Theunissen, Maxine, Louwrens Tiedt, and Louis H. Du Preez. "The morphology and attachment ofProtopolystoma xenopodis(Monogenea: Polystomatidae) infecting the African clawed frogXenopus laevis." Parasite 21 (2014): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2014020.

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Linardi, Pedro Marcos, Jean-Claude Beaucournu, Daniel Moreira de Avelar, and Sorya Belaz. "Notes on the genusTunga(Siphonaptera: Tungidae) II – neosomes, morphology, classification, and other taxonomic notes." Parasite 21 (2014): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2014067.

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Hu, Jun-Jie, Si Huang, Tao Wen, Gerald W. Esch, Yu Liang, and Hong-Liang Li. "Sarcocystis spp. in domestic sheep in Kunming City, China: prevalence, morphology, and molecular characteristics." Parasite 24 (2017): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2017025.

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Taraschewski, H. "Hosts and parasites as aliens." Journal of Helminthology 80, no. 2 (2006): 99–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/joh2006364.

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AbstractOver the past decades, various free-living animals (hosts) and their parasites have invaded recipient areas in which they had not previously occurred, thus gaining the status of aliens or exotics. In general this happened to a low extent for hundreds of years. With variable frequency, invasions have been followed by the dispersal and establishment of non-indigenous species, whether host or parasite. In the literature thus far, colonizations by both hosts and parasites have not been treated and reviewed together, although both are usually interwoven in various ways. As to those factors

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