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Journal articles on the topic 'Parasite'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Ellis, Vincenzo A., Michael D. Collins, Matthew C. I. Medeiros, et al. "Local host specialization, host-switching, and dispersal shape the regional distributions of avian haemosporidian parasites." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 36 (2015): 11294–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1515309112.

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The drivers of regional parasite distributions are poorly understood, especially in comparison with those of free-living species. For vector-transmitted parasites, in particular, distributions might be influenced by host-switching and by parasite dispersal with primary hosts and vectors. We surveyed haemosporidian blood parasites (Plasmodium and Haemoproteus) of small land birds in eastern North America to characterize a regional parasite community. Distributions of parasite populations generally reflected distributions of their hosts across the region. However, when the interdependence betwee

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2

Claar, Danielle C., Armand Kuris, Katie L. Leslie, Rachel L. Welicky, Maureen A. Williams, and Chelsea L. Wood. "Parasite Biodiversity." Lessons in Conservation 11 (2021): 39–57. https://doi.org/10.5531/cbc.linc.11.1.5.

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A parasite is an organism that lives in an intimate and durable relationship with its host and imposes a cost on that host, in terms of its ability to survive, grow, and/or reproduce. Despite the fact that more than 40% of animal species are parasites, parasitism is rarely discussed in introductory biology courses. This may be because parasites are often hidden within their hosts—and therefore easy to ignore. But parasites have important roles to play in ecosystems and we ignore them at our own peril. In this module, students have the opportunity to discover the hidden world of parasites: they

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Westby, Katie M., Brenden M. Sweetman, Solny A. Adalsteinsson, Elizabeth G. Biro, and Kim A. Medley. "Host food quality and quantity differentially affect Ascogregarina barretti parasite burden, development and within-host competition in the mosquito Aedes triseriatus." Parasitology 146, no. 13 (2019): 1665–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182019000994.

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AbstractHost condition depends in large part on the quality and quantity of available food and heavily influences the outcome of parasite infection. Although parasite fitness traits such as growth rate and size may depend on host condition, whether host food quality or quantity is more important to parasite fitness and within-host interactions is poorly understood. We provided individual mosquito hosts with a standard dose of a gregarine parasite and reared mosquitoes on two food types of different quality and two quantities. We measured host size, total parasite count and area, and average si

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Teixeira, Adonias A. Martins, Pablo Riul, Samuel Vieira Brito, et al. "Ecological release in lizard endoparasites from the Atlantic Forest, northeast of the Neotropical Region." Parasitology 147, no. 4 (2020): 491–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182020000025.

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AbstractWe compared lizard endoparasite assemblages between the Atlantic Forest and naturally isolated forest enclaves to test the ecological release hypothesis, which predicts that host specificity should be lower (large niche breadth) and parasite abundance should be greater for parasites from isolated forest enclaves (poor assemblages) than for parasites from the coastal Atlantic Forest (rich assemblages). Parasite richness per specimen showed no difference between the isolated and non-isolated areas. Parasite abundance did not differ between the isolated and non-isolated areas but showed a

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Schmid, Carl W. "Alu: a parasite's parasite?" Nature Genetics 35, no. 1 (2003): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng0903-15.

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6

Mahony, Kate E., Sharon A. Lynch, Xavier de Montaudouin, and Sarah C. Culloty. "Extrinsic and intrinsic drivers of parasite prevalence and parasite species richness in a marine bivalve." PLOS ONE 17, no. 9 (2022): e0274474. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274474.

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Parasite species richness is influenced by a range of drivers including host related factors (e.g. host size) and environmental factors (e.g. seawater temperature). However, identification of modulators of parasite species richness remains one of the great unanswered questions in ecology. The common cockle Cerastoderma edule is renowned for its diversity and abundance of parasites, yet drivers of parasite species richness in cockles have not been examined to investigate the association of both macro and microparasite communities. Using cockles as a model species, some of the key drivers of par

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Strauss, Alexander T., Jessica L. Hite, David J. Civitello, Marta S. Shocket, Carla E. Cáceres, and Spencer R. Hall. "Genotypic variation in parasite avoidance behaviour and other mechanistic, nonlinear components of transmission." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1915 (2019): 20192164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.2164.

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Traditional epidemiological models assume that transmission increases proportionally to the density of parasites. However, empirical data frequently contradict this assumption. General yet mechanistic models can explain why transmission depends nonlinearly on parasite density and thereby identify potential defensive strategies of hosts. For example, hosts could decrease their exposure rates at higher parasite densities (via behavioural avoidance) or decrease their per-parasite susceptibility when encountering more parasites (e.g. via stronger immune responses). To illustrate, we fitted mechani

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SEARLE, C. L., J. H. OCHS, C. E. CÁCERES, et al. "Plasticity, not genetic variation, drives infection success of a fungal parasite." Parasitology 142, no. 6 (2015): 839–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182015000013.

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SUMMARYHosts strongly influence parasite fitness. However, it is challenging to disentangle host effects on genetic vs plasticity-driven traits of parasites, since parasites can evolve quickly. It remains especially difficult to determine the causes and magnitude of parasite plasticity. In successive generations, parasites may respond plastically to better infect their current type of host, or hosts may produce generally ‘good’ or ‘bad’ quality parasites. Here, we characterized parasite plasticity by taking advantage of a system in which the parasite (the yeast Metschnikowia bicuspidata, which

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Lafferty, Kevin D. "Biodiversity loss decreases parasite diversity: theory and patterns." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 367, no. 1604 (2012): 2814–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0110.

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Past models have suggested host–parasite coextinction could lead to linear, or concave down relationships between free-living species richness and parasite richness. I explored several models for the relationship between parasite richness and biodiversity loss. Life cycle complexity, low generality of parasites and sensitivity of hosts reduced the robustness of parasite species to the loss of free-living species diversity. Food-web complexity and the ordering of extinctions altered these relationships in unpredictable ways. Each disassembly of a food web resulted in a unique relationship betwe

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Penley, McKenna J., and Levi T. Morran. "Host mating system and coevolutionary dynamics shape the evolution of parasite avoidance in Caenorhabditis elegans host populations." Parasitology 145, no. 6 (2017): 724–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182017000804.

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AbstractHosts exhibit a variety of defence mechanisms against parasites, including avoidance. Both host–parasite coevolutionary dynamics and the host mating system can alter the evolutionary trajectories of populations. Does the nature of host–parasite interactions and the host mating system affect the mechanisms that evolve to confer host defence? In a previous experimental evolution study, mixed mating and obligately outcrossing Caenorhabditis elegans host populations adapted to either coevolving or static Serratia marcescens parasite populations. Here, we assessed parasite avoidance as a me

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DALLAS, TAD, ANDREW W. PARK, and JOHN M. DRAKE. "Predictability of helminth parasite host range using information on geography, host traits and parasite community structure." Parasitology 144, no. 2 (2016): 200–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182016001608.

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SUMMARYHost–parasite associations are complex interactions dependent on aspects of hosts (e.g. traits, phylogeny or coevolutionary history), parasites (e.g. traits and parasite interactions) and geography (e.g. latitude). Predicting the permissive host set or the subset of the host community that a parasite can infect is a central goal of parasite ecology. Here we develop models that accurately predict the permissive host set of 562 helminth parasites in five different parasite taxonomic groups. We developed predictive models using host traits, host taxonomy, geographic covariates, and parasit

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Tadiri, Christina P., Marilyn E. Scott, and Gregor F. Fussmann. "Microparasite dispersal in metapopulations: a boon or bane to the host population?" Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1885 (2018): 20181519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.1519.

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Although connectivity can promote host species persistence in a metapopulation, dispersal may also enable disease transmission, an effect further complicated by the impact that parasite distribution may have on host–parasite population dynamics. We investigated the effects of connectivity and initial parasite distribution (clustered or dispersed) on microparasite–host dynamics in experimental metapopulations, using guppies and Gyrodactylus turnbulli . We created metapopulations of guppies divided into four subpopulations and introduced either a low level of parasites to all subpopulations (dis

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WOOD, CHELSEA L., and KEVIN D. LAFFERTY. "How have fisheries affected parasite communities?" Parasitology 142, no. 1 (2014): 134–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003118201400002x.

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SUMMARYTo understand how fisheries affect parasites, we conducted a meta-analysis of studies that contrasted parasite assemblages in fished and unfished areas. Parasite diversity was lower in hosts from fished areas. Larger hosts had a greater abundance of parasites, suggesting that fishing might reduce the abundance of parasites by selectively removing the largest, most heavily parasitized individuals. After controlling for size, the effect of fishing on parasite abundance varied according to whether the host was fished and the parasite's life cycle. Parasites of unfished hosts were more like

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VAN DER VEEN, I. T., and J. KURTZ. "To avoid or eliminate: cestode infections in copepods." Parasitology 124, no. 4 (2002): 465–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182001001275.

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The outcome of a parasite infection is the result of the interaction between the host and the parasite. In the system we studied, there are 3 critical stages for the outcome of infection of the (intermediate) host, the copepod Macrocyclops albidus, with the cestode Schistocephalus solidus. During the establishment phase of the parasite, the host may firstly avoid ingesting the parasite and, secondly, may prevent the parasite from entering the body cavity and, thirdly, during the growth phase of the parasite, the host's immune system may eliminate the parasite from the body cavity. We were able

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Paterson, Rachel A., Gustavo P. Viozzi, Carlos A. Rauque, Verónica R. Flores, and Robert Poulin. "A Global Assessment of Parasite Diversity in Galaxiid Fishes." Diversity 13, no. 1 (2021): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13010027.

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Free-living species often receive greater conservation attention than the parasites they support, with parasite conservation often being hindered by a lack of parasite biodiversity knowledge. This study aimed to determine the current state of knowledge regarding parasites of the Southern Hemisphere freshwater fish family Galaxiidae, in order to identify knowledge gaps to focus future research attention. Specifically, we assessed how galaxiid–parasite knowledge differs among geographic regions in relation to research effort (i.e., number of studies or fish individuals examined, extent of tissue

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16

MUÑOZ, G., A. S. GRUTTER, and T. H. CRIBB. "Endoparasite communities of five fish species (Labridae: Cheilininae) from Lizard Island: how important is the ecology and phylogeny of the hosts?" Parasitology 132, no. 3 (2005): 363–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182005009133.

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The parasite community of animals is generally influenced by host physiology, ecology, and phylogeny. Therefore, sympatric and phylogenetically related hosts with similar ecologies should have similar parasite communities. To test this hypothesis we surveyed the endoparasites of 5 closely related cheilinine fishes (Labridae) from the Great Barrier Reef. They were Cheilinus chlorourus, C. trilobatus, C. fasciatus, Epibulus insidiator and Oxycheilinus diagramma. We examined the relationship between parasitological variables (richness, abundance and diversity) and host characteristics (body weigh

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FENTON, ANDY, and SARAH E. PERKINS. "Applying predator-prey theory to modelling immune-mediated, within-host interspecific parasite interactions." Parasitology 137, no. 6 (2010): 1027–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182009991788.

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SUMMARYPredator-prey models are often applied to the interactions between host immunity and parasite growth. A key component of these models is the immune system's functional response, the relationship between immune activity and parasite load. Typically, models assume a simple, linear functional response. However, based on the mechanistic interactions between parasites and immunity we argue that alternative forms are more likely, resulting in very different predictions, ranging from parasite exclusion to chronic infection. By extending this framework to consider multiple infections we show th

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18

May, R. M., and R. M. Anderson. "Parasite—host coevolution." Parasitology 100, S1 (1990): S89—S101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000073042.

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In this paper we wish to develop three themes, each having to do with evolutionary aspects of associations between hosts and parasites (with parasite defined broadly, to include viruses, bacteria and protozoans, along with the more conventionally defined helminth and arthropod parasites). The three themes are: the evolution of virulence; the population dynamics and population genetics of host–parasite associations; and invasions by, or ‘emergence’ of, new parasites.

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White, P. Signe, Angela Choi, Rishika Pandey, et al. "Host heterogeneity mitigates virulence evolution." Biology Letters 16, no. 1 (2020): 20190744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2019.0744.

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Parasites often infect genetically diverse host populations, and the evolutionary trajectories of parasite populations may be shaped by levels of host heterogeneity. Mixed genotype host populations, compared to homogeneous host populations, can reduce parasite prevalence and potentially reduce rates of parasite adaptation due to trade-offs associated with adapting to specific host genotypes. Here, we used experimental evolution to select for increased virulence in populations of the bacterial parasite Serratia marcescens exposed to either heterogeneous or homogeneous populations of Caenorhabdi

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Byers, James E., J. P. Schmidt, Paula Pappalardo, Sarah E. Haas, and Patrick R. Stephens. "What factors explain the geographical range of mammalian parasites?" Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1903 (2019): 20190673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.0673.

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Free-living species vary substantially in the extent of their spatial distributions. However, distributions of parasitic species have not been comprehensively compared in this context. We investigated which factors most influence the geographical extent of mammal parasites. Using the Global Mammal Parasite Database we analysed 17 818 individual geospatial records on 1806 parasite species (encompassing viruses, bacteria, protozoa, arthropods and helminths) that infect 396 carnivore, ungulate and primate host species. As a measure of the geographical extent of each parasite species we quantified

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Beechler, Brianna R., Kate S. Boersma, Peter E. Buss, et al. "Bovine tuberculosis disturbs parasite functional trait composition in African buffalo." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 29 (2019): 14645–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1903674116.

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Novel parasites can have wide-ranging impacts, not only on host populations, but also on the resident parasite community. Historically, impacts of novel parasites have been assessed by examining pairwise interactions between parasite species. However, parasite communities are complex networks of interacting species. Here we used multivariate taxonomic and trait-based approaches to determine how parasite community composition changed when African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) acquired an emerging disease, bovine tuberculosis (BTB). Both taxonomic and functional parasite richness increased significa

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Enslow, Chelsea, Rachel Vallender, Emily Rondel, and Nicola Koper. "Host dispersal and landscape conversion are associated with the composition of haemosporidian parasites of the golden-winged warbler." Parasitology 147, no. 1 (2019): 96–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182019001240.

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AbstractUnderstanding factors that influence the spatial and temporal distributions of blood parasites is important to help predict how host species and their parasites may respond to global change. Factors that may influence parasite distributions are land cover and host dispersal patterns, which may result in exposure of a host to novel parasites, or escape from parasites of their origin. We screened golden-winged warblers from across the United States and Canada for blood parasites, and investigated whether land-use patterns or host dispersal affected the prevalence and composition of haemo

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Pfenning-Butterworth, Alaina C., T. Jonathan Davies, and Clayton E. Cressler. "Identifying co-phylogenetic hotspots for zoonotic disease." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 376, no. 1837 (2021): 20200363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0363.

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The incidence of zoonotic diseases is increasing worldwide, which makes identifying parasites likely to become zoonotic and hosts likely to harbour zoonotic parasites a critical concern. Prior work indicates that there is a higher risk of zoonotic spillover accruing from closely related hosts and from hosts that are infected with a high phylogenetic diversity of parasites. This suggests that host and parasite evolutionary history may be important drivers of spillover, but identifying whether host–parasite associations are more strongly structured by the host, parasite or both requires co-phylo

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Onyekwelu, K. C., and A. A. Eze. "Host immune response, nutrition, and metabolism in <i>Schistosoma</i> parasite-host interactions." Nigerian Journal of Parasitology 45, no. 1 (2024): 248–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njpar.v45i1.26.

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Human schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease affecting millions of people, mainly in sub-Saharan Africa, is caused by a parasitic worm of the Schistosoma genus that resides in the veins of its host for many years. In parasite-host interactions, there is competition for survival between the parasite and its host because the parasite depends completely on the host for the maintenance of homeostasis. The host must protect itself from the harm caused by parasites in the process of obtaining food and shelter by attacking parasites with a strong immune defence system. Parasites have evolved s

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PATTERSON, JESSE E. H., and KATHREEN E. RUCKSTUHL. "Parasite infection and host group size: a meta-analytical review." Parasitology 140, no. 7 (2013): 803–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182012002259.

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SUMMARYMany studies have identified various host behavioural and ecological traits that are associated with parasite infection, including host gregariousness. By use of meta-analyses, we investigated to what degree parasite prevalence, intensity and species richness are correlated with group size in gregarious species. We predicted that larger groups would have more parasites and higher parasite species richness. We analysed a total of 70 correlations on parasite prevalence, intensity and species richness across different host group sizes. Parasite intensity and prevalence both increased posit

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Wolinska, Justyna, Sabine Giessler, and Henrike Koerner. "Molecular Identification and Hidden Diversity of Novel Daphnia Parasites from European Lakes." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 22 (2009): 7051–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01306-09.

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ABSTRACT Parasites play important roles in local population dynamics and genetic structure. However, due to insufficient diagnostic tools, detailed host-parasite interactions may remain concealed by hidden parasite diversity in natural systems. Microscopic examination of 19 European lake Daphnia populations revealed the presence of three groups of parasites: fungi, microsporidia, and oomycetes. For most of these parasites no genetic markers have been described so far. Based on sequence similarities of the nuclear small-subunit and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rRNA gene regions, one fungus

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Ezenwa, Vanessa O., Elizabeth A. Archie, Meggan E. Craft, et al. "Host behaviour–parasite feedback: an essential link between animal behaviour and disease ecology." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1828 (2016): 20153078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.3078.

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Animal behaviour and the ecology and evolution of parasites are inextricably linked. For this reason, animal behaviourists and disease ecologists have been interested in the intersection of their respective fields for decades. Despite this interest, most research at the behaviour–disease interface focuses either on how host behaviour affects parasites or how parasites affect behaviour, with little overlap between the two. Yet, the majority of interactions between hosts and parasites are probably reciprocal, such that host behaviour feeds back on parasites and vice versa. Explicitly considering

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Biard, Clotilde, Karine Monceau, Sébastien Motreuil, Jérôme Moreau, and Jessica Metcalf. "Interpreting immunological indices: The importance of taking parasite community into account. An example in blackbirds Turdus merula." Methods in Ecology and Evolution 6, no. 8 (2015): 960–72. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13514913.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Summary Despite the intensive use of immune indices in immunoecology, whether to interpret the results of immune indices in terms of actual immune competence (i.e. ability to control and clear parasite infections as indicated by high values of immune indices associated with low parasite loads) or current immune activation (pathogenic infection being associated with high parasite load and high values of immune indices) is still an open question. Most studies to date have produced contrasting results focused on the effect of a single parasite sp

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Biard, Clotilde, Karine Monceau, Sébastien Motreuil, Jérôme Moreau, and Jessica Metcalf. "Interpreting immunological indices: The importance of taking parasite community into account. An example in blackbirds Turdus merula." Methods in Ecology and Evolution 6, no. 8 (2015): 960–72. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13514913.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Summary Despite the intensive use of immune indices in immunoecology, whether to interpret the results of immune indices in terms of actual immune competence (i.e. ability to control and clear parasite infections as indicated by high values of immune indices associated with low parasite loads) or current immune activation (pathogenic infection being associated with high parasite load and high values of immune indices) is still an open question. Most studies to date have produced contrasting results focused on the effect of a single parasite sp

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Biard, Clotilde, Karine Monceau, Sébastien Motreuil, Jérôme Moreau, and Jessica Metcalf. "Interpreting immunological indices: The importance of taking parasite community into account. An example in blackbirds Turdus merula." Methods in Ecology and Evolution 6, no. 8 (2015): 960–72. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13514913.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Summary Despite the intensive use of immune indices in immunoecology, whether to interpret the results of immune indices in terms of actual immune competence (i.e. ability to control and clear parasite infections as indicated by high values of immune indices associated with low parasite loads) or current immune activation (pathogenic infection being associated with high parasite load and high values of immune indices) is still an open question. Most studies to date have produced contrasting results focused on the effect of a single parasite sp

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Biard, Clotilde, Karine Monceau, Sébastien Motreuil, Jérôme Moreau, and Jessica Metcalf. "Interpreting immunological indices: The importance of taking parasite community into account. An example in blackbirds Turdus merula." Methods in Ecology and Evolution 6, no. 8 (2015): 960–72. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13514913.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Summary Despite the intensive use of immune indices in immunoecology, whether to interpret the results of immune indices in terms of actual immune competence (i.e. ability to control and clear parasite infections as indicated by high values of immune indices associated with low parasite loads) or current immune activation (pathogenic infection being associated with high parasite load and high values of immune indices) is still an open question. Most studies to date have produced contrasting results focused on the effect of a single parasite sp

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IMHOOF, B., and P. SCHMID-HEMPEL. "Single-clone and mixed-clone infections versus host environment in Crithidia bombi infecting bumblebees." Parasitology 117, no. 4 (1998): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182098003138.

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Current theories assume that adaptive parasite evolution explains variation in the level of virulence and parasite success. In particular, mixed-genotype infections by parasites should generally be more virulent, and faster multiplying strains more successful, either because fixed strategies have evolved or because parasites facultatively alter virulence in response to co-infecting competitors. We compared several measures of parasite success and virulence between single-clone and mixed-clone infections of 2 strains of the trypanosome Crithidia bombi in its bumblebee host, Bombus terrestris. C

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Hernandez-Caballero, Irene, Luz Garcia-Longoria, Ivan Gomez-Mestre, and Alfonso Marzal. "The Adaptive Host Manipulation Hypothesis: Parasites Modify the Behaviour, Morphology, and Physiology of Amphibians." Diversity 14, no. 9 (2022): 739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14090739.

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Parasites have evolved different strategies to increase their transmission from one host to another. The Adaptive Host Manipulation hypothesis states that parasites induce modifications of host phenotypes that could maximise parasite fitness. There are numerous examples of parasite manipulation across a wide range of host and parasite taxa. However, the number of studies exploring the manipulative effects of parasites on amphibians is still scarce. Herein, we extensively review the current knowledge on phenotypic alterations in amphibians following parasite infection. Outcomes from different s

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Hadiroseyani, Y., P. Hariyadi, and Sri Nuryati. "Inventarisation of Parasite in ”Dumbo” Catfish Clarias sp. from Bogor Region." Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia 5, no. 2 (2007): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.19027/jai.5.167-177.

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<p>Outbreak of parasites can reduce aquaculture productivity or even cause mass mortality of fish. Few quantities of parasite infection may still be tolerated by the host, however high intensity of infection can impair to fish metabolism or even damage of organelle. Proper treatment can be done when parasite infecting fish is known. This study was conducted to record parasite infecting "dumbo" catfish <em>Clarias</em> sp. that is reared by farmers in three location at Bogor, i.e. Cimanggu, Cijeruk and Cibinong. Data included prevalence and intensity of parasite were analyzed

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CAMPIÃO, K. M., A. RIBAS, and L. E. R. TAVARES. "Diversity and patterns of interaction of an anuran–parasite network in a neotropical wetland." Parasitology 142, no. 14 (2015): 1751–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182015001262.

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SUMMARYWe describe the diversity and structure of a host–parasite network of 11 anuran species and their helminth parasites in the Pantanal wetland, Brazil. Specifically, we investigate how the heterogeneous use of space by hosts changes parasite community diversity, and how the local pool of parasites exploits sympatric host species of different habits. We examined 229 anuran specimens, interacting with 32 helminth parasite taxa. Mixed effect models indicated the influence of anuran body size, but not habit, as a determinant of parasite species richness. Variation in parasite taxonomic divers

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Harris, Nyeema C., and Robert R. Dunn. "Species loss on spatial patterns and composition of zoonotic parasites." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280, no. 1771 (2013): 20131847. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.1847.

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Species loss can result in the subsequent loss of affiliate species. Though largely ignored to date, these coextinctions can pose threats to human health by altering the composition, quantity and distribution of zoonotic parasites. We simulated host extinctions from more than 1300 host–parasite associations for 29 North American carnivores to investigate changes in parasite composition and species richness. We also explored the geography of zoonotic parasite richness under three carnivore composition scenarios and examined corresponding levels of human exposure. We found that changes in parasi

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Lester, R. J. G., and R. McVinish. "Does moving up a food chain increase aggregation in parasites?" Journal of The Royal Society Interface 13, no. 118 (2016): 20160102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2016.0102.

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General laws in ecological parasitology are scarce. Here, we evaluate data on numbers of fish parasites published by over 200 authors to determine whether acquiring parasites via prey is associated with an increase in parasite aggregation. Parasite species were grouped taxonomically to produce 20 or more data points per group as far as possible. Most parasites that remained at one trophic level were less aggregated than those that had passed up a food chain. We use a stochastic model to show that high parasite aggregation in predators can be solely the result of the accumulation of parasites i

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Zahn, Andreas, and Doris Rupp. "Ectoparasite load in European vespertilionid bats." Journal of Zoology 262, no. 4 (2004): 383–91. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13508132.

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(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) The parasite load of seven European bat species (Myotis daubentonii, Myotis emarginatus, Myotis myotis, Myotis mystacinus, Myotis nattereri, Nyctalus noctula, Pipistrellus pipistrellus) was compared and tested to see if there was a relationship between high parasite load and poor body condition in bats. Considerable variations of the parasite load between host species, ages and sexes were found, which can be attributed to roosting conditions and behavioural differences of the bats. Overall, male bats had the fewest parasites. Very different pa

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39

Zahn, Andreas, and Doris Rupp. "Ectoparasite load in European vespertilionid bats." Journal of Zoology 262, no. 4 (2004): 383–91. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13508132.

Full text

Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) The parasite load of seven European bat species (Myotis daubentonii, Myotis emarginatus, Myotis myotis, Myotis mystacinus, Myotis nattereri, Nyctalus noctula, Pipistrellus pipistrellus) was compared and tested to see if there was a relationship between high parasite load and poor body condition in bats. Considerable variations of the parasite load between host species, ages and sexes were found, which can be attributed to roosting conditions and behavioural differences of the bats. Overall, male bats had the fewest parasites. Very different pa

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40

Zahn, Andreas, and Doris Rupp. "Ectoparasite load in European vespertilionid bats." Journal of Zoology 262, no. 4 (2004): 383–91. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13508132.

Full text

Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) The parasite load of seven European bat species (Myotis daubentonii, Myotis emarginatus, Myotis myotis, Myotis mystacinus, Myotis nattereri, Nyctalus noctula, Pipistrellus pipistrellus) was compared and tested to see if there was a relationship between high parasite load and poor body condition in bats. Considerable variations of the parasite load between host species, ages and sexes were found, which can be attributed to roosting conditions and behavioural differences of the bats. Overall, male bats had the fewest parasites. Very different pa

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41

Zahn, Andreas, and Doris Rupp. "Ectoparasite load in European vespertilionid bats." Journal of Zoology 262, no. 4 (2004): 383–91. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13508132.

Full text

Abstract:

(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) The parasite load of seven European bat species (Myotis daubentonii, Myotis emarginatus, Myotis myotis, Myotis mystacinus, Myotis nattereri, Nyctalus noctula, Pipistrellus pipistrellus) was compared and tested to see if there was a relationship between high parasite load and poor body condition in bats. Considerable variations of the parasite load between host species, ages and sexes were found, which can be attributed to roosting conditions and behavioural differences of the bats. Overall, male bats had the fewest parasites. Very different pa

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Pedersen, Amy B., and Janis Antonovics. "Anthelmintic treatment alters the parasite community in a wild mouse host." Biology Letters 9, no. 4 (2013): 20130205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2013.0205.

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Individuals are often co-infected with several parasite species, yet the consequences of drug treatment on the dynamics of parasite communities in wild populations have rarely been measured. Here, we experimentally reduced nematode infection in a wild mouse population and measured the effects on other non-target parasites. A single oral dose of the anthelmintic, ivermectin, significantly reduced nematode infection, but resulted in a reciprocal increase in other gastrointestinal parasites, specifically coccidial protozoans and cestodes. These results highlight the possibility that drug therapy

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Bruce, M. C., P. Alano, S. Duthie, and R. Carter. "Commitment of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum to sexual and asexual development." Parasitology 100, no. 2 (1990): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000061199.

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SUMMARYBlood-stage malaria parasites in the vertebrate host can develop either into the asexual, multiplying forms, called schizonts, or into gametocytes, the sexual stages of the parasite. In the present work we studied the differentiation into asexual parasites or gametocytes of the progeny of single, isolated schizonts of the clone 3D7A of Plasinodium falciparum, using monoclonal antibodies specific for the sexual or asexual stages of the parasite. We observed that schizonts obtained from a continuous culture undergoing serial cycles of growth and dilution with fresh red blood cells produce

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Carlson, Colin J., Tad A. Dallas, Laura W. Alexander, Alexandra L. Phelan, and Anna J. Phillips. "What would it take to describe the global diversity of parasites?" Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1939 (2020): 20201841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.1841.

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How many parasites are there on Earth? Here, we use helminth parasites to highlight how little is known about parasite diversity, and how insufficient our current approach will be to describe the full scope of life on Earth. Using the largest database of host–parasite associations and one of the world’s largest parasite collections, we estimate a global total of roughly 100 000–350 000 species of helminth endoparasites of vertebrates, of which 85–95% are unknown to science. The parasites of amphibians and reptiles remain the most poorly described, but the majority of undescribed species are pr

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Zheng, Yadong, Xuepeng Cai, and Janette E. Bradley. "microRNAs in parasites and parasite infection." RNA Biology 10, no. 3 (2013): 371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/rna.23716.

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PAGENKOPP LOHAN, KATRINA M., KRISTINA M. HILL-SPANIK, MARK E. TORCHIN, LEOPOLDINA AGUIRRE-MACEDO, ROBERT C. FLEISCHER, and GREGORY M. RUIZ. "Richness and distribution of tropical oyster parasites in two oceans." Parasitology 143, no. 9 (2016): 1119–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182015001900.

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SUMMARYParasites can exert strong effects on population to ecosystem level processes, but data on parasites are limited for many global regions, especially tropical marine systems. Characterizing parasite diversity and distributions are the first steps towards understanding the potential impacts of parasites. The Panama Canal serves as an interesting location to examine tropical parasite diversity and distribution, as it is a conduit between two oceans and a hub for international trade. We examined metazoan and protistan parasites associated with ten oyster species collected from both Panamani

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DE LEO, GIULIO A., ANDREW P. DOBSON, and MARINO GATTO. "Body size and meta-community structure: the allometric scaling of parasitic worm communities in their mammalian hosts." Parasitology 143, no. 7 (2016): 880–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182015001444.

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SUMMARYIn this paper we derive from first principles the expected body sizes of the parasite communities that can coexist in a mammal of given body size. We use a mixture of mathematical models and known allometric relationships to examine whether host and parasite life histories constrain the diversity of parasite species that can coexist in the population of any host species. The model consists of one differential equation for each parasite species and a single density-dependent nonlinear equation for the affected host under the assumption of exploitation competition. We derive threshold con

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de ROODE, J. C., L. R. GOLD, and S. ALTIZER. "Virulence determinants in a natural butterfly-parasite system." Parasitology 134, no. 5 (2006): 657–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182006002009.

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SUMMARYMuch evolutionary theory assumes that parasite virulence (i.e. parasite-induced host mortality) is determined by within-host parasite reproduction and by the specific parasite genotypes causing infection. However, many other factors could influence the level of virulence experienced by hosts. We studied the protozoan parasite Ophryocystis elektroscirrha in its host, the monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus. We exposed monarch larvae to wild-isolated parasites and assessed the effects of within-host replication and parasite genotype on host fitness measures, including pre-adult developmen

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Roth, E. Jr, V. Joulin, S. Miwa, et al. "The use of enzymopathic human red cells in the study of malarial parasite glucose metabolism." Blood 71, no. 5 (1988): 1408–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v71.5.1408.1408.

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Abstract The in vitro growth of Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites was assayed in mutant red cells deficient in either diphosphoglycerate mutase (DPGM) or phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK). In addition, cDNA probes developed for human DNA sequences coding for these enzymes were used to examine the parasite genome by means of restriction endonuclease digestion and Southern blot analysis of parasite DNA. In both types of enzymopathic red cells, parasite growth was normal. In infected DPGM deficient red cells, no DPGM activity could be detected, and in normal red cells, DPGM activity declined sl

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Roth, E. Jr, V. Joulin, S. Miwa, et al. "The use of enzymopathic human red cells in the study of malarial parasite glucose metabolism." Blood 71, no. 5 (1988): 1408–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v71.5.1408.bloodjournal7151408.

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The in vitro growth of Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites was assayed in mutant red cells deficient in either diphosphoglycerate mutase (DPGM) or phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK). In addition, cDNA probes developed for human DNA sequences coding for these enzymes were used to examine the parasite genome by means of restriction endonuclease digestion and Southern blot analysis of parasite DNA. In both types of enzymopathic red cells, parasite growth was normal. In infected DPGM deficient red cells, no DPGM activity could be detected, and in normal red cells, DPGM activity declined slightly in

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