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PEREIRA, Aldenice Nazar? Silva. "A comunidade parasit?ria da Trilha, Mullus argentinae Hubbs & Marini, 1933 (Perciformes, Mullidae): aspectos taxon?micos e seu uso para a discrimina??o de estoques populacionais." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1691.
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CNPq
Previous studies of the parasitic fauna of the goatfish (Mullus argentinae) from Brazil and Argentina show a significant diversity of species and suggest that this host feature is a good model to test hypotheses for the distribution of parasites and their use as biological indicators of the presence of stocks or different populations of hosts and allowing information relevant to good management of this species. The purpose of this work was to study the composition and structure of parasites communities of the goatfish (M. argentinae), assess whether the temporal variation influences the parasitic fauna and verify its use as a tool for discrimination of possible stocks of this species throughout its geographical distribution, which includes the coast of Brazil and Argentina. During the period of March 2010 to July 2011, were collected 430 specimens of M. argentinae of three locations along the Brazilian coast and an area of the coast of Argentina. In statistics, the quantitative approach was made at the level of parasitic infrapopulations and ecological descriptors were calculated for each parasite species in each area. Species with prevalence >10% in at least one of the localities were analyzed in the ? ? (Chi-square) to test significant differences in prevalence between locations. ANOVA and a Tukey test a posteriori were performed to test for unequal samples. It was analyzed similarity indices of Jaccard and qualitative Bray-Curtis and quantitative and multivariate analysis. Discriminate analysis was used to detect differences between locations and identify species of parasites responsible for these differences.
Estudos pr?vios da fauna parasit?ria da Trilha (Mullus argentinae) em amostras provenientes do Brasil e da Argentina mostram uma significativa diversidade de esp?cies e sugerem que este recurso ictiol?gico ? um bom modelo para testar hip?teses de distribui??o de parasitos e seu uso como indicadores biol?gicos da presen?a de estoques ou de popula??es diferentes de hospedeiros e que permitam obter informa??es relevantes para um adequado manejo desta esp?cie. O prop?sito deste trabalho foi estudar a composi??o e estrutura das comunidades parasit?rias da Trilha (M. argentinae), avaliar se a varia??o temporal da amostragem influencia na fauna parasit?ria e verificar seu uso como ferramenta para a discrimina??o de poss?veis estoques desta esp?cie ao longo da sua distribui??o geogr?fica, que inclui o litoral do Brasil e da Argentina. Durante o per?odo de mar?o de 2010 a julho de 2011, foram coletados um total de 430 esp?cimes de M. argentinae de tr?s localidades do litoral brasileiro (Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul) e de uma localidade do litoral da Argentina (Mar Del Plata). A abordagem quantitativa foi feita em n?vel de infrapopula??es parasit?rias, sendo calculados os descritores quantitativos, para cada esp?cie de parasito de cada ?rea estudada. Para as esp?cies com preval?ncia >10% foram feitas an?lises de ?? (qui-quadrado) para testar diferen?as significantivas de preval?ncia entre localidades. ANOVA e um teste Tukey a posteriori foram feitos para testar se existe diferen?a entre grupos. Foram utilizados tamb?m os ?ndices de similaridade qualitativa de Jaccard e quantitativa de Bray-Curtis. Na an?lise multivariada, primeiramente desenvolveu-se uma an?lise de agrupamentos, que agrupa os parasitos pela abund?ncia de esp?cies existentes nas localidades. A An?lise discriminante foi usada para detectar diferen?as entre localidades e entre diferentes ?pocas de coleta e identificar esp?cies de parasitos respons?veis por estas diferen?as.
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Pereira, Felipe Bisaggio. "Estrutura da comunidade de helmintos associados ao lagarto Tropidurus torquatus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) em uma área de afloramento rochoso no distrito de Toledos, Juiz de Fora, MG." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2010. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/3017.
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CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
A comunidade parasitária do lagarto Tropidurus torquatus em uma área de campo rupestre localizada no estado de Minas Gerais, sudeste do Brasil, foi estudada. Dos 110 hospedeiros analisados, 92 (83,6%) estavam infectados. Foram encontradas cinco espécies de helmintos, três de nematóide: Physaloptera lutzi, Parapharyngodon sp. e Oswaldofilaria sp., uma espécie de cestóide e um cistacanto não identificados. Apenas as espécies de nematóides apresentaram dados suficientes para analises ecológicas, sendo P. lutzi a espécie mais prevalente (67,3%) e com maior intensidade parasitária (4,86±4,85). Somente para Oswaldofilaria sp. foram encontradas diferenças significativas na prevalência e intensidade parasitária entre hospedeiros fêmeas e machos, esses últimos apresentando os maiores valores. A intensidade parasitária total e de P. lutzi também diferiram entre os sexos de hospedeiros com machos apresentando os maiores valores. O tamanho corporal do hospedeiro correlacionou-se de forma positiva com a intensidade de infecção de todas as espécies de nematóides. A sazonalidade local não influenciou de forma significativa a estrutura da comunidade componente de parasitos estudada. Aspectos do hospedeiro como dieta, dimorfismo sexual e comportamento (territorialiasmo e forrageamento) representaram importantes fatores na determinação da estrutura dessa comunidade de helmintos. De maneira geral, a comunidade parasitária apresentou baixa riqueza de espécies e um caráter não interativo, características comuns em comunidades parasitárias de répteis como hospedeiros.
The helminth community of the lizard Tropidurus torquatus from a rocky outcrop located in Minas Gerais state, southeast Brazil, was studied. Ninety two of the one hundred ten individuals examined (83,6%) harbored helminths. A total of five helminth species were found, tree nematodes: Physaloptera lutzi, Parapharyngodon sp. and Oswaldofilaria sp., one cestode species and one acanthocaphalan cystacanth not identified. Only nematode species had sufficient data to perform ecological analysis with Physaloptera lutzi showing the highest prevalence (67,3%) and mean intensity (4,86±4,85). Prevalence and intensity of infection between males and females hosts differed only for Oswaldofilaria sp., with males showing the highest values. Total and P. lutzi intensity of infection were different among males and females hosts, with males showing the highest values. The host body size was positively related to intensity of infection for all nematode species. Local seasonality had no influence in the helminth community structure. Host diet, sexual dimorphism and behavior (territorialism, forage strategy) represented important factors in the structuring of this parasite community. In general lines, the helminth community was species poor and non interactive, representing a typical community structure found in herps hosts.
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Ferté, Hubert. "Les nématodes parasites du tube digestif du chevreuil (Capreolus capreolus L. 1758) : à propos d'une enquête réalisée dans le nord-est de la France." Tours, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOUR3805.
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Schneider, Maria Victoria. "Modes de reproduction chez le parasitoi͏̈de solitaire Venturia canesces." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10071.
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Venturia canescens, un parasitoi͏̈de ichneumonidé de chenilles de piralidés, a deux modes de reproduction : arrhénotoque, (mâles haploi͏̈des et femelles diploi͏̈des)) et thélytoque (des femelles vierges engendrent des filles diploi͏̈des). Cette thélytoquie n'est pas l'effet de bactéries symbiotiques. Dans le Sud de la France, les deux modes de reproduction coexistent en sympatrie. La thèse traite des questions soulevées par cette coexistence. Une étude de la distribution géographique et une analyse moléculaire des populations, ont montré l'existence d'un clone thélytoque très répandu. Cependant quelques individus thélytoques sont génétiquement très proches des individus arrhénotoques. Une importante partie de la variabilité chez les thélytoques est due à un flux génique à partir de mâles arrhénotoques. Pour mieux comprendre la coexistence des deux modes de reproduction, différents traits d'histoire de vie et compromis génétiques reflétants des différentes pressions de sélection ont été étudiés.
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Grenier, Simon. "Biologie et physiologie des relations hôtes-parasitoïdes chez 3 tachinaires (Diptera, Tachinidae) d'intérêt agronomique : développement en milieux artificiels : lutte biologique." Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO10004.
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Houngbédji, Tossimidé. "Rhamphicarpa fistulosa : infestation dans les bas-fonds rizicoles de la Région des Savanes (Togo) et étude des interactions hôte-parasite." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS455/document.
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Une des contraintes biotiques majeures de la riziculture de bas-fond au nord du Togo est l’adventice parasite Rhamphicarpa fistulosa (Hochst.) Benth. Afin d’évaluer les options stratégiques pour contrôler efficacement R. fistulosa, notre étude a été conduite avec comme principaux objectifs : 1) l’identification de la répartition de R. fistulosa et l’étude des facteurs qui favorisent son infestation, 2) l’étude de l’impact des niveaux d’infestation sur la flore adventice du riz, et 3) la caractérisation des interactions hôte-parasite et de leurs impacts sur le développement de l’hôte et les performances reproductives du parasite. A l’issu des prospections de terrain, les plus fortes infestations ont été retrouvées sur des sols majoritairement à texture sableuse et très pauvres en matière organique. Une flore adventice très diversifiée a été retrouvée en présence de R. fistulosa, certaines adventices pouvant être parasitées et constituer éventuellement un réservoir pour accroître le stock semencier du parasite. En conditions contrôlées, R. fistulosa se développe et se reproduit aussi bien sur le riz que sur la tomate, alors que le soja retarde la reproduction du parasite. La germination des graines de R. fistulosa est maximale en présence de graines de plantes cultivées ou adventices. Les graines nouvellement récoltées ont une dormance de plus de six mois, mais leur germination a été stimulée par la présence de phytohormones. En conclusion, les meilleures stratégies de lutte doivent impliquer le contrôle par les semis tardifs, les rotations culturales avec les légumineuses comme le soja, l’arachide ou le niébé, et les cultures maraîchèresMain biotic constraints to rain-fed lowland rice cultivation in northern Togo include the parasitic weed Rhamphicarpa fistulosa (Hochst.) Benth. In order to evaluate efficient strategies to control R. fistulosa, our study was performed taking into account the following main objectives: 1) Identification of the distribution of R. fistulosa and study of the factors favouring its infestation, 2) Study of the impacts of infestation levels on rice weed communities, and 3) Characterization of the host-parasite interactions and their impacts on the host development and the parasite reproduction. Following fields investigations, highest infestations were observed on sandy soils with low levels of organic matter.In addition, weed flora found in the presence of R. fistulosa was much diversified and some weeds were found to been parasitized and could possibly constitute reservoirs to increase the seed stock of the parasite. In controlled experiments, R. fistulosa grown and reproduced better on rice and tomato crops, than on soybean which delayed the reproduction of the parasite. Germination of R. fistulosa seeds was stimulated in presence of cultivated crops or weeds. New collected seeds shown six months dormancy but their germination was stimulated in presence of phytohormones. In conclusion, the best strategies to control R. fistulosa must include delayed sowing, crop rotation with leguminous species (i.e. soybean, peanut or cowpea) and vegetable cropsKeywords: Rhamphicarpa fistulosa, rice, lowland, parasitism, host-parasite interaction, weeds
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St, Vincent Chad Michael. "'Parasite single' women of Japan : 'parasites' or search for a new identity? /." Title page, contents and introduction only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09ars7749.pdf.
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Goodhead, Ian Barry. "Genomic approaches to understanding host resistance and parasite virulence in Trypanosoma parasites." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.570185.
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Roughly one-third of cattle in sub-Saharan Africa are at risk of contracting "Nagana" - a disease caused by Trypanosoma parasites similar to those that cause human "Sleeping Sickness". Laboratory mice can also be infected by trypanosomes, and different mouse breeds show varying levels of susceptibility to infection, similar to what is seen between breeds of cattle. We have applied next-generation technologies to identify shared polymorphisms between susceptible mice, and annotated these for potential function alongside publicly available SNP data sets. By so doing, short lists of genes at the QTL have been created to aid functional testing in cattle. This includes two promising 'candidate genes': Pram1 and Cd244, which can now be tested to confirm their effect on response to trypanosome infection. The human-infective parasite Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense generally causes an acute form of "sleeping sickness" across Eastern Africa, compared to the more chronic T b. gambiense infections found in Western Africa. The 1988-1993 Ugandan T b. rhodesiense outbreak constituted infections by parasites with differences in their clinical manifestation. Two such sub types, termed Busoga 17 (B 17) and Zambesi 310 (Z31O), caused more acute, and more chronic infections, respectively. In order to investigate whether the major QTL that regulates survival in T congolense infections (Tir 1) does so in a similar manner in T b. rhodesiense, mice congenic for the C5 7BL/ 6 allele (Tirl CC) at Tir 1 were infected with Z310 and B 1 7 zymodeme T b. rhodesiense parasites. Whilst Tir 1 was not found to have a significant effect on survival, all mice had a significantly shorter mean survival time when infected with B 17 (~1O. 7 days) than those infected with Z31 0 (~15.6 days), in line with previous observations of human infections. In order to identify genetic loci that might underlie differences in virulence between T b. rhodesiense zymodemes, cluster analysis was performed on the microsatellite genotypes of 31 T b. rhodesiense isolates that represented nine different zymodemes. Despite STRUCTURE identifying three population clusters, the Z310 and B 17 parasite populations could not be distinguished, suggesting that either multiple genes control virulence, that there is gene flow between similar parasite populations, or that the microsatellite genotyping is insufficient to distinguish between different parasite populations. Finally, we present the first whole-genome sequences of T b. rhodesiense field isolates, one each of Z310 and B 1 7. Genomic analysis of east African T b. rhodesiense and west African T b. gambiense has suggested that recombination may be occurring between them. SNP genotyping of 32 T b. rhodesiense isolates showed that differences in clinical phenotypes were associated with differences in alleles on chromosome 8. The genome sequence suggests that chromosome 8 is heterozygous for alleles of west African origin in the more virulent strain, suggesting that recombination may be associated with parasite virulence. This suggests that the human subspecies of T brucei are not genetically distinct, which has major implications for the control of the parasite, the spread of drug resistance and understanding the variation in virulence and the emergence of human infectivity. Further genetic analysis of T b. brucei populations from Western, central and Eastern Africa may be necessary to ascertain whether recombination is occurring directly between human-infective subspecies, or in the underlying animal-infective population.
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Isomursu, M. (Marja). "Host–parasite interactions of boreal forest grouse and their intestinal helminth parasites." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2014. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526203645.
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Abstract Parasites are an inseparable part of the life of wild birds. They may cause morbidity, mortality or reduction in fecundity. Parasite distribution in hosts is typically not uniform and many host factors (e.g. age) may affect the pattern of distribution. Under certain conditions, parasites even have the potential to regulate the host population. The grouse species of Finnish forests — the capercaillie Tetrao urogallus , the black grouse Lyrurus tetrix and the hazel grouse Tetrastes bonasia — harbour several species of intestinal helminth parasites. The populations have fluctuated in cyclic manner but the mechanisms behind the cycles are largely unknown. I studied the interactions of forest grouse and their intestinal helminth parasites by using intestinal samples collected by hunters in five game management districts during eight years (1995–2002). The most common parasite species in the samples was the nematode Ascaridia compar. Also, three species of cestodes (Skrjabinia cesticillus, Paroniella urogalli and Hymenolepis sp.) were found. Large size, male gender and age over 1 year were connected with an increased probability and intensity of A. compar infection. Juvenile grouse were commonly infected with cestodes while in adults infections were quite rare. The influence of inbreeding on the susceptibility to parasite infections was studied in the capercaillie by analysing microsatellite heterozygosity. The less heterozygous birds were more likely to be infected with A. compar and were more intensely infected suggesting negative influence of inbreeding on parasite resistance. An indirect negative effect of parasites was found by comparing bags hunted with a trained dog or without a dog. Grouse infected by cestodes were significantly more common in the dog-assisted bag. Thus, cestode infection seemed to make grouse more vulnerable to canine predation. The interaction between grouse population dynamics and parasites was studied by analyzing the grouse densities obtained from annual wildlife counts and parasite indices. A. compar was most common and most abundant in the years of grouse population decline. The grouse population growth rate was negatively correlated with the annual mean abundance of A. compar. Relative survival but not breeding success decreased as the abundance of A. compar increased. The findings suggest that A. compar influences the dynamics of Finnish grouse even though regular cyclic dynamics are no longer evidentTiivistelmä Loiset kuuluvat erottamattomana osana luonnonvaraisten lintujen elämään. Ne voivat aiheuttaa sairautta, kuolleisuutta tai hedelmällisyyden alentumista. Tyypillisesti loiset ovat levinneet isäntäpopulaatioon epätasaisesti ja monet isännän ominaisuudet (esim. ikä) vaikuttavat levinneisyyteen. Tietyissä oloissa loiset voivat jopa säädellä isäntäpopulaatiotaan. Suomalaiset metsäkanalinnut — metso Tetrao urogallus, teeri Lyrurus tetrix ja pyy Tetrastes bonasia — ovat useiden suolistoloismatolajien isäntiä. Metsäkanapopulaatiot ovat vaihdelleet syklisesti, mutta syklejä aiheuttavat mekanismit ovat yhä tuntemattomia. Tutkin metsäkanalintujen ja niiden suolistoloisten välisiä vuorovaikutuksia käyttäen metsästäjien vuosina 1995–2002 viidestä eri riistanhoitopiiristä keräämiä suolistonäytteitä. Yleisin loislaji näytteissä oli kanalintusuolinkainen, Ascaridia compar. Myös kolme heisimatolajia (Skrjabinia cesticillus, Paroniella urogalli ja Hymenolepis sp.) todettiin. Suuri koko, koirassukupuoli ja yli yhden vuoden ikä olivat yhteydessä suurempaan kanalintusuolinkaistartunnan todennäköisyyteen ja voimakkuuteen. Nuorilla (alle 1 v.) linnuilla heisimadot olivat yleisiä, kun taas aikuisilla tartunnat olivat varsin harvinaisia. Sisäsiittoisuuden vaikutusta loistartuntaherkkyyteen tutkittiin metsolla mikrosatelliittiheterotsygotian perusteella. Vähemmän heterotsygoottiset metsot olivat todennäköisemmin ja voimakkaammin suolinkaisten infektoimia, mikä viittaa sisäsiittoisuuden negatiiviseen vaikutukseen loisten vastustuskykyyn. Loisten epäsuora haitallinen vaikutus havaittiin, kun verrattiin koiran kanssa ja ilman koiraa metsästettyä lintusaalista. Heisimadot olivat selvästi yleisempiä linnuilla, jotka oli metsästetty koiran kanssa kuin ilman koiraa metsästetyillä. Heisimatotartunta näytti siis altistavan metsäkanoja koiraeläinten saalistukselle. Metsäkanalintu- ja loispopulaatioiden välistä vuorovaikutusta tutkittiin analysoimalla vuosittaisia metsäkanatiheyksiä ja loisten runsautta. Kanalintusuolinkainen oli yleisimmillään ja runsaimmillaan metsäkanatiheyden laskuvuosina. Metsäkanapopulaation vuosittainen kasvuvauhti korreloi negatiivisesti kanalintusuolinkaisen vuosittaisen runsauden kanssa. Suhteellinen elossasäilyvyys laski kanalintusuolinkaisen runsauden lisääntyessä, mutta lisääntymistuloksen suhteen ei ollut samaa ilmiötä. Löydökset viittaavat siihen, että kanalintusuolinkaisella on vaikutusta suomalaisten metsäkanalintukantojen vaihteluihin, vaikka syklisiä kannanvaihteluja ei enää havaitakaan
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Oliveira, Ana Carolina Santos. "Mecanismos parasitários de escape ao sistema imunológico." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/2486.
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Trabalho apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Farmacêuticas.A evasão ao sistema imunulógico, por parte dos parasitas, está actualmente omnipresente e envolve uma série de mecanismos moleculares, que reflectem a evolução, reprodução e crescimento parasitário. Existem uma série de formas e processos de escape parasitário permitindo com que estes garantam, simultaneamente, a sua sobrevivência e a do hospedeiro. A co-evolução convergente entre hospedeiro e parasita sustêm a base destes mecanismos que se baseiam na manipulação dos processos que fazem parte e regulam a resposta imunitária e o normal funcionamento das células de defesa do hospedeiro, ficando a resposta inata e adaptativa vulnerável à acção parasitária. O fenómeno de evasão parasitária foi descoberto há cerca de 100 anos, por aquele que é considerado o pai da Imunologia, Paul Erlich; este durante alguns dos seus estudos observou “o desaparecimento dos receptores” característicos dos anticorpos do sistema imune, em Trypanossomas africanos. A partir daí as funções genéticas, alterações de variantes antigénicas, moléculas supressoras do sistema imune têm sido amplamente descobertas e estudadas. A importância do conhecimento das adaptações parasitárias é fundamental para o desenvolvimento de terapeuticas na área da medicina, imunologia, parasitologia e farmacologia visto que destas se obtêm dados fundamentais sobre a interecção entre estes microorganismos e sobre as patologias que podem causar. Desta feita este trabalho aborda, então esses mecanismos, explicando ainda de forma sintética a constituição do sistema imune de forma a direccionar facilmente e localizar o centro de ataque parasitário, demonstrando a forma ágil e habilidosa com que estes seres conseguem ludibriar um complexo sistema como é o sistema imunitário de um indivíduo imunocompetente. Evasion of immunologic system, by parasites, is now ubiquitous and involves several molecular mechanisms that reflect the evolution, parasite growth and its reproduction. There are a number of forms and escape processes which have been adopted by parasits ensuring survival of both parasite and host. The convergent co-evolution of host and parasite is the basis of these mechanisms that rely on manipulation of the processes which are part of the immune response and regulate it, as well as, the normal functioning of host defense cells, leaving the innate and adaptive response vulnerable to parasite activity. The phenomenon of parasite evasion was discovered about 100 years ago, by one considered the father of Immunology, Paul Ehrlich. This has been found during some of his studies where disappearance of the antibody receptors characteristic of the immune system of the African trypanosome, was observed. Since then, gene functions, changes in antigenic variants and suppressing molecules of immune system have been extensively discovered and studied. The importance of the knowledge of parasitic adaptations is crucial for the development of new therapeutics in medicine, immunology, parasitology and pharmacology since these data reflect the interaction between microorganisms and the immune system and also related diseases. With this dissertation we will have an overview of these mechanisms and a brief explanation of the immune system in order to easily locate the center of parasitic attack, demonstrating how agile and skilled these living beings can evade a complex system like the immune system of immunocompetent individuals.
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Braga, Marta Isabel Fragoso Lampreia. "Prevalência e sazonalidade de parasitoses gastrointestinais, cardiovasculares e hemáticas em cães do distrito de Beja, Portugal." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/13687.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaOs cães têm um importante papel na sociedade actual, contribuindo frequentemente para o desenvolvimento físico, social e emocional de crianças e para o bem-estar dos seus donos; contudo, podem ser portadores de muitas parasitoses, algumas com importância na saúde animal e potencial zoonótico. Este trabalho surge devido à escassez de dados epidemiológicos em cães na região Sul de Portugal, pretendendo estudar a prevalência e a sazonalidade de parasitoses gastrointestinais, cardiovasculares e hemáticas em cães de três canis do distrito de Beja: Canil Intermunicipal (CI), Canil Municipal de Ferreira do Alentejo (CF) e Associação Cantinho dos Animais de Beja (CA). Assim, de Março de 2015 a Fevereiro de 2016 foram colhidas 122 amostras fecais (AF) e 266 amostras sanguíneas (AS). As AF foram analisadas pelas técnicas de Flutuação de Willis, Sedimentação Natural, esfregaço fecal corado pelo método de Ziehl-Neelsen e contagem de ovos em câmara de McMaster. Nas AS realizaram-se as técnicas de Knott e de esfregaços corados pelo método de Giemsa e das Fosfatases Ácidas. Das AF 63% exibiam pelo menos um agente. Observou-se uma prevalência de 33% para Giardia spp., 25% para Ancylostomatidae, 12% para Cryptosporidium spp., 8% para Cystoisospora spp., 6% para Toxascaris leonina, 4% para Toxocara canis, 2,5% para Taeniidae, 2% para Trichuris vulpis. Das AS 74,3% apresentavam pelo menos um agente, registando-se 68% de amostras positivas para micoplasmas hemotrópicos (Mycoplasma spp.), 9% para Babesia spp., 5% para Dirofilaria immitis e 3% para Acantocheilonema spp. O canil com maior prevalência de parasitas gastrointestinais e amostras de sangue infectadas foi o CI, com prevalências de 87% e 86%, respectivamente. A estação do ano com maior prevalência de infecções foi o Inverno, com 81% das amostras fecais e 87% das amostras sanguíneas infectadas com pelo menos um agente. Este estudo mostra um elevado grau e diversidade de parasitismo na população de canídeos de Beja. De ressalvar que ambientes de canil conjugam características ideais para a infecção continuada por parasitas com ciclo de vida directo, alguns dos quais com potencial zoonótico. Torna-se por isso fundamental adoptar uma profilaxia dirigida e regular no controlo destas parasitoses, a fim de melhorar a saúde dos animais e diminuir os riscos para a Saúde Pública, e sensibilizar funcionários, voluntários e visitantes para a adopção de medidas que permitam quebrar o ciclo e evitar a transmissão destes agentes.
ABSTRACT - Prevalence and seasonal variation of gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and hematic parasites in dogs from Beja district, Portugal - Dogs have an important role in our society, contributing to the physical, social and emotional development of children and to the well-being of their owners; however, they may be carriers of many parasitic diseases, some of them with importance in Animal Health and with zoonotic potential. This study aimed to fulfil the lack of epidemiological data concerning dog parasites in the southern region of Portugal, namely on the prevalence and seasonal variation of gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and hematic parasites in dogs of three kennels from Beja district: Intermunicipal Kennel (CI), Municipal Kennel of Ferreira do Alentejo (CF) and Association Cantinho dos Animais from Beja (CA). Thus, from March 2015 to February 2016, 122 faecal samples (FS) and 266 blood samples (BS) were collected. FS were analyzed by Willis Flotation, Natural Sedimentation, Fecal Smear stained with Ziehl-Neelsen method and egg counting in McMaster's chamber. In BS Knott test and Smear stained with Giemsa and acid phosphatase histochemical stain were performed. Overall, 63% of the FS showed at least one agent. It was detected a prevalence of 33% for Giardia spp., 25% for Ancylostomatidae, 12% for Cryptosporidium spp., 8% for Cystoisospora spp., 6% for Toxascaris leonina, 4% for Toxocara canis, 2,5% for Taeniidae , 2% for Trichuris vulpis. In total, 74,3% of the BS were positive for at least one agent. It was observed a prevalence of 68% for hemotropic mycoplasmas (Mycoplasma spp.), 9% for Babesia spp., 5% for Dirofilaria immitis and 3% for Acantocheilonema spp. CI was the kennel with the highest prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites and positive blood samples, with prevalence of 87% and 86%, respectively. The season with the highest prevalence was the winter, with 81% of FS and 87% of BS positive for at least one agent. This study showed a high level and diversity of parasitism in dog’s population of Beja. It should be noted that kennel environment combine the ideal characteristics for the continuous infection by parasites with direct life cycle, some of them with zoonotic potential. It is, therefore, crucial to adopt a targeted and regular prophylaxis in the control of these parasites, in order to improve animal health and reduce the risk to Public Health, and also alert officials, volunteers and visitors of these kennels about measures to break the cycle and avoid the transmission of these agents.
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Bell, Andrew Stuart. "Studies on the biosystematics and biology of strigeids (Digenea) parasitic in freshwater fish." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3383.
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This study is concerned with two strigeid genera which utilise fish as their second intermediate host and piscivorous birds as a definitive host, i.e. Apatemon (Apatemon) Sudarikov, 1959 and Ichthyocotylurus Odening, 1969. Although the lifecycle has been ascertained for most Ichthyocotylurus spp., confusion and disagreement still exist as to the constituent species, while all of the life-stages have been described for only a single member of the subgenus Apatemon (Apatemon). In order to clarify species membership to these taxa and indeed the taxonomic position of the subgenus Apatemon (Apatemon) further information was required on the life-cycles and life-stages of these strigeids. Although, metacercariae from this family have been recorded from a variety of British fishes, confirmed records, i.e. those supported with life-cycle data, are limited to a single species. It was this lack of confidence in identifying metacercariae recovered from fishes and the lack of known good criteria for distinguishing the adults that prompted the present study. Collections of metacercariae from a variety of hosts and locations were made, from which all subsequent life-cycle stages were obtained. The project aims were to establish the identity of the forms occurring in British fishes, by applying discriminatory techniques to the experimentally reared life-stages. In addition to traditional methods, techniques with little previous application to these genera were used and included, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), chaetotaxy, principal components analysis (PCA), and karyology. Furthermore, behavioural aspects such as the release patterns of cercariae from their molluscan hosts were studied to investigate whether they would prove to be of diagnostic value. Metacercariae obtained from the sampling survey were tentatively identified, using all currently employed methods for their determination, i.e. morphology, nature of cyst, host and site specificities, as Ichthyocotylurus erraticus (Rudolphi, 1809), I. variegatus (Creplin, 1825), Apatemon gracilis (Rudolphi, 1819) and A. annuligerum (Nordmann, 1832). Material collected from Finland was considered to contain both Ichthyocotylurus spp. recovered in the U.K., as well as I. platycephalus (Creplin, 1825) and I. pileatus (Rudolphi, 1802). The Ichthyocotylurus spp. were found to be more host specific than A. gracilis, although A. annuligerum was considered oioxenic to perch Perea fluiatilis L. Records of I. erraticus from gwyniad Coregonus lavaretus (L.) and grayling Thymallus thymallus (L.), and A. gracilis from arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus (L.) constitute first listings from Britain. The large number of sensilla present on the body surface of these metacercariae, observed by SEM and chaetotaxy, precluded their diagnostic use. PCA was, however, found to be of value for distinguishing between species and determining morphological variation within a species. I. erraticus, I. variegatus and A. gracilis adults were successfully reared in experimental hosts using metacercariae from a variety of fish hosts, sites within a single fish host and geographical sites. The adults obtained enabled clarification of the identities assigned to the metacercariae. Those metacercariae believed to represent I. pileatus and A. annuligerum failed to establish in experimental hosts. Herring gulls and lesser black-backed gulls proved to be extremely good experimental hosts for both Ichthyocotylurus spp., with the vast majority of infections establishing and providing high yields of eggs and adults. These infections yielded information on the establishment, development, fecundity, site specificity, longevity and morphological variability of the adults. Aspects of the morphology and biology of I. variegatus adults recorded were found to support its validity as a species discrete from I. platycephalus which was in some doubt. The experimental hosts used for A. gracilis infections, domestic and mallard ducklings, were found to be less satisfactory. Challenges were performed with A. gracilis metacercariae from three sources, rainbow trout, salmon parr and stone loach. The latter source was the only one to result in egg producing adults, with specimens exhibiting normal morphology and demonstrating an increased longevity over adults raised from salmonid metacercariae. These findings suggest that the metacercarial host may affect the successful completion of the life-cycle. Eggs of known origin were collected for all three cultured strigeid species, enabling further life-cycle studies, these were incubated and miracidia successfully raised. Developmental periods were found to be temperature dependent and differed for the three species at 20°C: A. gracilis < I. erraticus < I. variegatus. Light microscopy revealed the morphology of all three species to be identical, as were the epidermal plate formulae and chaetotaxy, indicated by silver-staining. The nomenclature for the distribution of miracidial sensilla derived by Dimitrov et al. (1989) was amended to enable a full description of these species. Osmotic shock resulted in an improved deciliation of the miracidia compared to sonication and subsequent SEM observation confirmed the arrangement of body surface structures, while revealing sensilla forms. Behavioural aspects of I. variegatus miracidia were examined, with a maximum longevity (< 11 hours) recorded at the lowest temperature studied (l0 degrees C), and host finding demonstrated to occur by an increased turning response in the presence of substances emitted from the susceptible snail host, following an initial unresponsive dispersal phase. Ichthyocotylurus cercariae were found in naturally infected Valvata piscinalis which constitutes the first record in Britain of cercariae of this genus. Cercariae of I. erraticus and I. variegatus were successfully raised experimentally from miracidia of known identity and origin within naive, experimentally raised V. piscinalis hosts, while A. gracilis cercariae were obtained from laboratory reared Lymnaea peregra. Cercarial developmental periods within the molluscan host were found to be temperature dependent and markedly different for the strigeid genera investigated, as were their behaviour and morphology. The Ichthyocotylurus spp. exhibit a distinct diurnal emergence rhythm from their molluscan host, being shed during the hours of daylight, while A. gracilis cercariae demonstrate a reciprocal pattern, emerging during the hours of darkness. Behavioural contrasts were also observed in longevities, emergence strategies (route of exit) and swimming behaviour. The two Ichthyocotylurus spp. were extremely similar, the only cercarial features found to be of diagnostic use were: the presence or absence of eye-spots; their differing developmental periods from miracidium to cercaria; the number and distribution of sensilla when compared by PCA; and their differing longevities at 20 degrees C. Characters considered to be of value in differentiating between strigeid cercariae at the species level, including the armature, chaetotaxy pattern and resting posture, did not differ between these two species. SEM observations enabled descriptions of the variety and structure of sensilla present on different life-stages, while transmission electron microscopy revealed the internal structure of cercarial sensory structures. Experimentally raised cercariae were found to be infective and the life-cycle was completed for the three strigeid species. Host specificities were observed for I. erraticus and A. gracilis, being particularly stringent for the latter species, while site specificities recorded were as observed in natural infections. Metacercarial maturation periods (for encystment) were highly temperature dependent, being comparable for the two Ichthyocotylurus spp. and more rapid than for A. gracilis specimens.
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Mintsa, Nguema Rodrigue. "Interactions hôte-parasite dans le modèle Biomphalaria pfeifferi-Schistosoma mansoni du Dhofar (Oman) : génétique des populations de l’hôte, traits d’histoire de vie et conséquences sur la transmission du parasite." Perpignan, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PERP0995.
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Cette thèse a été réalisée dans le contexte de la réémergence de la schistosomose à Schistosoma mansoni (plathelminthe trématode) dans le Dhofar en Oman. Le travail est centré sur les interactions hôte-parasite et sur leurs conséquences sur la transmission du schistosome. Une première partie est consacrée à l’étude spatio-temporelle de la structure génétique des populations de Biomphalaria pfeifferi (mollusque gastéropode d’eau douce). Elle a été réalisée à l’aide de neuf marqueurs microsatellites sur 18 populations de mollusques. Les populations de B. Pfeifferi étudiées sont caractérisées par une très faible variabilité génétique intra populationnelle. Par contre, elles sont fortement différenciées génétiquement. Une différenciation temporelle a également été enregistrée dans certaines populations. Une seconde partie est consacrée à l’étude des traits d’histoire de vie et des relations hôte-parasite. Elle a été réalisée à l’aide de huit combinaisons hôte-parasite qui diffèrent soit par la population de parasite (origine humaine ou origine murine), soit par la catégorie du site (naturel ou aménagé), soit par le morphe du mollusque (pigmenté ou albinos). Les traits d’histoire de vie suivants ont été analysés : croissance, fécondité et survie de B. Pfeifferi et taux d’infestation, période prépatente et production cercarienne de S. Mansoni. Les résultats montrent que la population de S. Mansoni et le morphe de B. Pfeifferi jouent un rôle majeur dans la transmission de la schistosomose dans le Dhofar. Les résultats sont discutés en termes de compatibilité hôte-parasiteThis thesis has been conducted in the context of the reemergence of schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni (flatworm trematode) in Dhofar (Oman). The work focuses on the host-parasite interactions and their implications on schistosome transmission. The first part is devoted to a spatiotemporal study of the population genetics of Biomphalaria pfeifferi (freshwater gastropod snail). Nine microsatellite markers were used for characterization of 18 populations of B. Pfeifferi. The results showed that intrapopulations genetic variability was very low. However, the populations were highly differentiated. Temporal differentiation was also recorded in some populations. A second part concerns to the study of the life-history traits and host-parasite relationships. It was conducted using eight host-parasite combinations that differ either by the parasite population (human versus murine), by the waterbody category (natural versus man-made) or by the morph of the snail (pigmented versus albino). The following life-history traits were analyzed: growth, fecundity and survival of B. Pfeifferi and rate of infection, prepatent period and cercarial production of S. Mansoni. The results show that both the origin of S. Mansoni and the pigmentation of B. Pfeifferi play a major role in transmission of schistosomiasis in Dhofar. The results are discussed in terms of host-parasite compatibility
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Owen, Sinclair Patrick. "The first epidemiological study on the prevalence of cardiopulmonary and gastrointestinal parasites in cats and dogs from the Algarve region of Portugal using the FLOTAC technique." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14521.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaAlthough over the past decades various parasitologal surveys have been conducted in Portugal, at present scant information is available on the prevalence of clinically-relevant gastrointestinal and cardiopulmonary parasites in the Algarve. This study performed between February and April 2016 using the FLOTAC technique was undertaken to address this. Faecal samples were collected from 66 dogs and 76 cats > 6 months old from shelters in the region. Faecal forms of six different groups of endoparasites were detected, four of which with zoonotic potential. The overall prevalence in both species was 31%, with 21.2% of the dog samples positive and 39.5% of the cat samples positive for at least one parasite. Concurrent infections with two parasites were detected in 2.6% of the dog samples and 9.2% of the cats. Toxocara spp. was the most common parasite found in 13.6% (EPG: 61.3 ± 74.65) of the dogs samples and 31.6% (EPG 523.92 ± 688.75) of the cats. Other parasites found in dogs were Ancylostomatidae (3%), Taeniidae (6%) and Trichuris spp. (2%) and in cats Ancylostomatidae (5.3%), Aelurostrongylus abstrusus (4%), Cystoisospora spp. (6.6%) and Taeniidae (1.3%) were found. The presence of zoonotic parasites in the population studied as well as the elevated prevalence of Toxocara spp. overall are concerning and highlight the need for regular prophylaxis, hygiene and sanitary control measures in pets as well as shelter animals.
RESUMO - PRIMEIRO RASTREIO DE PARASITAS CARDIOPULMONARES E GASTROINTESTINAIS EM CÂES E GATOS DA REGIÂO DO ALGARVE UTILIZANDO A TÉCNICA DE FLOTAC - Apesar de nas últimas décadas terem surgido vários trabalhos de rastreio parasitológico em Portugal, atualmente continuam a existir poucos dados sobre a incidência de parasitas gastrointestinais e cardiopulmonares de carnívoros domésticos com relevância clinica no Algarve. Por esta razão foi realizado um estudo entre Fevereiro e Abril de 2016 utilizando a técnica do FLOTAC. No total foram colhidas 142 amostras de canis e gatis da região correspondendo a 66 cães e 76 gatos todos com > 6 meses de idade. Foram detetadas formas de eliminação fecal de seis grupos de endoparasitas, quatro dos quais com potencial zoonótico. A prevalência global no estudo foi de 31%, com 21.2% das amostras de canídeo positivas e 39.5% de felídeo positivos para pelo menos um parasita. Infeções mistas com dois parasitas foram observadas em 2.6% das amostras de cão e 9.2% das de gato. Toxocara sp. foi o parasita mais frequente em cães evidenciando-se em 13.6% (OPG: 61.3 ± 74.65) das amostras e em 31.6% (OPG 523.92 ± 688.75) das de gato. Nos cães também foram detetadas amostras positivas para Ancylostomatidae (3%), Taeniidae (6%) e Trichuris spp. (2%) e nos gatos Ancylostomatidae (5.3%), Aelurostrongylus abstrusus (4%), Cystoisospora spp. (6.6%) e Taeniidae (1.3%). A presença de parasitas com potencial zoonótico na população estudada bem como e elevada prevalência de Toxocara spp. é preocupante e alerta para a necessidade de desparasitação regular e medidas de controlo higio-sanitário adequadas, quer em animais com proprietário, quer em animais de abrigo.
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O'Brien, Chris. "Appreciating the Importance of Parasites: Analyzing and Understanding the Ecology of Parasite-Host Interactions." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194212.
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There is a growing interest in the nature of parasite-host interactions, the role these relationships play in ecological communities, and how human activities alter these associations. Furthermore, because inference about these interactions is usually gained by methods of statistical hypothesis testing, additional importance should be placed on the analysis and interpretation of parasite-host interactions. In this dissertation I address these ideas in three separate but interrelated studies with the three following questions: 1) How do two parasites with complex life-cycles alter the behavior of a novel amphipod host, and how do host and non-host predators respond to infected amphipod prey? In contrast to other studies, I found that two parasites of an endemic amphipod at Montezuma Well had little affect on their amphipod host, and that these associations had little affect on predation rates by both host and non-host predators. Results from this study underscore the importance of further investigating novel parasite-host interactions and placing them in their phylogenetic and evolutionary context. 2) Does human recreation affect spatial patterns of infection in an otherwise natural ecosystem? This study demonstrates that human visitors to Montezuma Castle National Monument alter patterns of waterfowl space use that in turn affect spatial patterns of disease in invertebrate hosts. This is the first study to document such an effect, and I discuss the important implications of this finding. 3) How is hypothesis testing applied in studies of wildlife disease, what conclusions can we make about the relative usefulness of these methodologies, and how can the analysis and interpretation of wildlife disease studies be improved? In this final study I conducted a literature review, computed statistical power for methodologies used in the literature, and re-analyzed published data to provide an example of the advantages of my suggested approach. I conclude that many studies report findings using methods that could be more informative and some studies may lack statistical power, demonstrating the importance of using prospective power analysis in the design of future studies. Furthermore, using statistical techniques that estimate the observed effect size can aid in increasing information transfer in studies of wildlife disease.
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Campbell, Scott Edward. "Secreted proteins in Microsporidian parasites : a functional and evolutionary perspective on host-parasite interactions." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/14523.
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The Microsporidia form a phylum of obligate intracellular parasites known to cause disease in humans and a diverse range of economically important animal species. Once classified as ‘primitive’ eukaryotes, it is now recognised that the peculiarities of microsporidian genomics and cell biology are, in fact, the consequence of extreme reduction allowed by an intimate relationship with the host cell. Excluding survival as an extracellular spore, microsporidia are in direct contact with the host throughout their developmental lifecycle, from entry to egress. Host cell manipulations have been described in morphological terms, but despite this, characterisation of such processes at the molecular level remains challenging. The logistics of the microsporidian lifecycle suggest secreted proteins and membrane proteins with extracellular domains may be involved in virulence and implicated in host cell manipulation. This study employs bioinformatic tools to predict secreted proteins in diverse microsporidia and comparative genomics to identify conserved proteins which may be required for host cell manipulation, pathogenicity and lifecycle progression. The protein complement secreted into the extracellular environment during microsporidian spore germination, a lifecycle stage required for host cell invasion, is identified experimentally. This analysis suggests that novel microsporidian specific hypothetical proteins, that is, proteins with no functional annotation or domain, play a significant role during parasite invasion of the host and provides the first identification of potential microsporidian effector proteins. Aiming to address microsporidian pathogenicity during intracellular stages, candidate virulence factor proteins, namely a hemolysin and a protein tyrosine phosphatase are also characterised and localised in situ. Lastly, an animal-derived horizontal gene transfer event is used in conjunction with both the fossil record and molecular dating approaches to add timescale to the microsporidian diversification. This work suggests that microsporidia radiated recently, achieving extreme cellular diversity, acquiring a novel infection mechanism and undergoing vast speciation in a short evolutionary timescale, likely within the last 200 million years.
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Fregonesi, Brisa Maria. "Prevalência de parasitas emergentes e reermergentes de veiculação hídrica em crianças que vivem com HIV/aids: ênfase paraGiardia spp. e Cryptosporidium spp." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22133/tde-22012014-104630/.
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As doenças de veiculação hídrica são causadas, principalmente, por micro-organismos patogênicos de origem entérica. A partir da década de 1980, as enfermidades causadas por protozoários parasitas emergiram e reemergiram e se tornaram um problema de saúde pública com relevância na atualidade, especialmente para grupos populacionais mais vulneráveis, como pessoas que vivem com HIV/aids. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a prevalência de parasitas emergentes e reemergentes em crianças que vivem com HIV/aids atendidas no HCFMRP-USP e os condicionantes socioambientais envolvidos. Foram coletadas 47 amostras de fezes de 17 crianças de quatro a 13 anos que vivem com HIV/aids atendidas no HCFMRP- USP, no período de março a setembro de 2013. Do total, 52,9% das crianças eram do sexo feminino e 47,1% do sexo masculino, sendo que 52.9% eram pardas, 35,3% brancas e 11,8% negras. A análise de coccídeos intestinais oportunistas, como Cryptosporidium spp., Cyclospora spp. e Cystoisospora spp. foi realizada pelo método de Ziehl Nielsen Modificado, enquanto que para a pesquisa de cistos de Giardia spp. e outros parasitas foi utilizado o método de sedimentação espontânea por meio do Kit Coproplus®. As presenças dos parasitas Giardia spp e Cryptosporidium spp. foram confirmadas por meio de ensaios imunoenzimáticos para detecção de antígenos (métodos de Elisa). Foi ainda aplicado um questionário referente às questões socioambientais, hábitos comportamentais e hábitos de higiene pessoal e alimentar adotados pelas crianças participantes do estudo e algumas informações adicionais foram coletadas dos prontuários. Os resultados obtidos revelaram uma alta frequência de parasitas em crianças que vivem com HIV/aids atendidas no HCFMRP- USP (76,5%), sendo representados por agentes patogênicos: Giardia spp. (35,3%), Cryptosporidium spp. (23,5%), Cyclospora spp. (5,9%); e agente comensal: Entamoeba coli (47,1%). Apesar de se tratar de protozoários de veiculação hídrica, considera-se que a água utilizada pelas crianças não seja a principal via de transmissão desses parasitas, tendo em vista as evidencias que existem da boa qualidade da água que abastece a região, procedente do Aquífero Guarani. Dessa forma, considera-se que as características socioambientais, os hábitos de higiene pessoal e alimentar adotados pelas crianças bem como o contato com outras pessoas e/ou animais podem ter contribuído para o quadro de enteroparasitoses. A alta prevalência de parasitas encontrada no presente estudo nos remete a grandes preocupações em termos de saúde pública, uma vez que, o quadro clínico para Giardia spp., Cryptosporidium spp, Cyclospora spp. pode evoluir para uma morbidade grave quando há uma supressão do sistema imunológico do indivíduo. Dessa forma, conclui-se que alguns aspectos são imprescindíveis para uma melhoria da qualidade de vida das crianças que vivem com HIV/aids, dentre os que se destacam: o diagnóstico precoce para enteroparasitas, a implementação da análise coprológica de protozoários emergentes e reemergentes na rotina da atenção desses pacientes, o uso correto da terapia antirretroviral, bem como o monitoramento das características imunológicasThe waterborne diseases are caused mainly by pathogenic microorganisms enteric origin. From the 1980s, the diseases caused by protozoan parasites emerged and re-emerged and have become a public health problem of relevance today, especially for the most vulnerable population groups such as people living with HIV/aids. This study objetived to assess the prevalence of emerging and re-emerging parasites in children living with HIV/aids followed at HCFMRP-USP and socioenvironmental constraints involved. Were collected 47 stool samples from 17 children aged four to 13 years living with HIV/aids followed at HCFMRP- USP, in the period from March to September 2013. Of the total, 52.9% of children were female and 47.1% male, and that 52.9% were brown, 35.3% white and 11.8% black. The analysis of intestinal coccidia opportunistic as Cryptosporidium spp. Cyclospora spp. and Cystoisospora spp. was performed by the modified Ziehl Nielsen method, while for the research of Giardia spp. and other parasites was used by spontaneous sedimentation method by means of Kit Coproplus®. The presence of Giardia spp and Cryptosporidium spp. were confirmed by enzyme immunoassays for the detection of antigens (ELISA methods). Was still applied a questionnaire relating to socioenvironmental issues, behavioral habits and personal hygiene habits and food adopted by the children participating in the study and some additional information was collected from medical records of children. The results revealed a high frequency of parasites in children living with HIV/aids followed at HCFMRP-USP (76.5%), being represented by pathogens: Giardia spp. (35.3%), Cryptosporidium spp. (23.5%), Cyclospora spp. (5.9%), and commensal agent: Entamoeba coli (47.1%). Although it being waterborne protozoa, is considered that the water used by children is not the main route of transmission of these parasites, in view of the evidence that there are good-quality water that supplies the region, coming from the Guarani Aquifer. Thus, it is considered that the socioenvironmental characteristics, personal hygiene and food adopted by children as well as contact with other people and / or animals may have contributed to the enteroparasitosis frame. The high prevalence of parasites found in this study leads us to great concern in terms of public health, since the clinical picture for Giardia spp., Cryptosporidium spp. e Cyclospora spp. may progress to severe morbidity when there is a suppression of the immune system of the individual. Thus, it is concluded that some aspects are essential to improving the quality of life for children living with HIV/aids, among which stand out: early diagnosis for intestinal parasites, the implementation of coprologic analysis of emerging and reemerging protozoan in routine care of these patients, the correct use of antiretroviral therapy, as well as monitoring of the immunological characteristics
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Malta, Roberto Carlos Grassi 1970. "Enteroparasitoses em comunidades indígenas brasileirass." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/315091.
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Orientadores: Manzélio Cavazzana Júnior, Regina Maura Bueno FrancoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: As infecções parasitárias são um dos principais problemas de saúde pública, apresentando-se de forma endêmica em diversas áreas do Brasil. Podem apresentar estreita relação com fatores sócio-demográficos e ambientais, tais como: precárias condições socioeconômicas, consumo de água contaminada, deficiente estado nutricional dos indivíduos e outros, sendo frequentemente a população infantil a mais atingida. Com o objetivo de investigar a prevalência de parasitas intestinais em populações indígenas e populações carentes e os fatores-chave envolvidos na epidemiologia de enteroparasitoses, foi realizado levantamento enteroparasitológico em moradores de 02 reservas indígenas Reserva Bororó/MS e Reserva Xingu/MT (tribos Kayabí e Juruna) -, e também em moradores de 02 cidades - Pontes e Lacerda/MT e Ibateguara/AL. A coleta de dados foi realizada de 2002 a 2009. Foram analisadas 2754 amostras de fezes pelos métodos de Faust, Hoffman, Kato-Katz, Rugai, Direto e Ziehl-Neelsen modificado. Foram obtidos dados pessoais e parâmetros socioeconômicos. Observou-se a presença de 73% de enteroparasitas na reserva indígena de Dourados, 62,77% na reserva indígena do Xingu, 52,61% no município de Pontes e Lacerda/MS e 67,42% no município de Ibateguara. As espécies de maior prevalência no sexo masculino foram Entamoeba coli (22,5%), Giardia duodenalis (11,6%), Entamoeba histolytica (13,9%) e Ascaris lumbricoides (13,6%). No sexo feminino foram Entamoeba coli (24,1%), Giardia duodenalis (8,8%), Entamoeba histolytica/díspar (13,8%) e Ascaris lumbricoides (13,3%). A prevalência de protozoários (42,6%) foi maior que de helmintos (31,1%). Para a maioria dos grupos analisados não houve diferença entre o quadro clínico de diarreia e o tipo e número de enteroparasita. O poliparasitismo foi detectado em 12,8% das amostras e o monoparasitismo em 46,5%. Os grupos etários de menor idade apresentaram predomínio de infecções por protozoários
Abstract: The parasitic infections are the major public health problems, presenting an endemic form in several areas of Brazil. They may present narrow relationship with social-demographical and environmental factors, such as: social-economical precarious conditions, consumption contaminated water, deficient nutritional condition of individuals and others, being frequently the infant population the most affected. In order to investigate the prevalence of intestinal parasites in indigenous and deprived populations and the key factors involved in the epidemiology of intestinal parasites, it was realized intestinal parasitological survey in residents of two Indian reservations: Bororó Reservation/MS and Xingu Reservation/MT (Kayabí and Juruna tribes); and also in residents of two cities: Pontes e Lacerda/MT and Ibateguara/Al. The data collection was conducted from 2002 to 2009. 2,754 faeces samples were analyzed by the methods of Faust, Hoffman, Kato-Katz, Rugai, Direct and modified Ziehl-Neelsen. The study obtained personal data and social-economical parameters. It was observed the presence of 73% of intestinal parasites in the Bororó Reservation, 62.77% in the Xingu Reservation, 52.61% in the cities of Pontes e Lacerda/MS and 67.42% in the Ibateguara city. The species of most prevalence in male individuals were Entamoeba coli (22.5%), Giardia duodenalis (11.6%), Entamoeba histolytica (13.9%) and Ascaris lumbricoides (13.6%). In female individuals were Entamoeba coli (24.1%), Giardia duodenalis (8.8%), Entamoeba histolytica/ E. díspar (13.8%) and Ascaris lumbricoides (13.3%). The prevalence of protozoan (42.6%) was higher than helminths (31.1%). For most analyzed groups there was no difference between the diarrhea clinical situation and the intestinal parasite type and number. The multiple intestinal parasite was detected in 12.8% of samples and monoparasitism in 46.5%. The minor age individuals presented the preponderance of protozoan infections
Doutorado
Parasitologia
Doutor em Parasitologia
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Carvalho, Íris Teixeira. "Rastreio de parasitas gastrointestinais e pulmonares em gatos de gatis nos distritos de Lisboa e Setúbal, Portugal." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/13937.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaOs gatos são hospedeiros de diversos parasitas, sendo reconhecido o potencial zoonótico de alguns. O risco de transmissão aos humanos assumiu particular relevância nos últimos anos, devido à crescente popularidade do gato como animal de estimação. No entanto, são raros os estudos efetuados em Portugal sobre este tema, motivo pelo qual se procedeu a uma avaliação epidemiológica da fauna parasitológica gastrointestinal e pulmonar, em gatos mantidos em gatis, nos distritos de Lisboa e Setúbal. Para o efeito, recolheram-se 260 amostras fecais distribuídas por ambos os distritos entre Julho e Novembro de 2015, sendo 169 provenientes de Lisboa e 91 de Setúbal. Foram submetidas a análise através de quatro técnicas coprológicas qualitativas: Flutuação de Willis, Sedimentação Natural, Método de Baermann e Esfregaço fecal. Foi ainda realizada uma pesquisa de Tritrichomonas foetus em 25 gatos através do meio de cultura InPouchTM TF-Feline. Observaram-se formas parasitárias em 43,5% das amostras (113/260), tendo sido detetadas infeções mistas em 18,1% (47/260) dos casos. O grupo predominante de parasitas foi a dos Protozoários (34,6%), seguido dos Nemátodes (33,8%) e Céstodes (1,5%). O nemátode Toxocara cati foi identificado em 18,1% das amostras, (47/260), correspondendo à maior prevalência, seguido de Cystoisospora felis identificado em 16,9% (44/260), Cystoisospora rivolta 11,2% (29/260), Ancylostomatidae 10,4% (27/260), Aelurostrongylus abstrusus 5,4% (14/259), Cryptosporidium spp. 4,4% (9/204), Giardia spp. 3,9% (8/204), Taeniidae 1,2% (3/260) e Dipylidium caninum 0,4% (1/260). Não foram detetadas formas parasitárias de T. foetus. Os resultados comprovaram o elevado grau de parasitismo nos gatis estudados, em particular dos agentes zoonóticos das famílias Toxocaridae, Ancylostomatidae, Taeniidae e dos géneros potencialmente zoonóticos Cryptosporidium e Giardia. O número excessivo de animais nos gatis e consequente elevada proximidade, facilita a transmissão de parasitas com ciclos de vida diretos, o que pode justificar os resultados encontrados para T. cati e Cystoisospora spp. A dependência financeira dos gatis dificulta a pronta e eficaz implementação de atitudes profiláticas e de controlo, tornando mais difícil a erradicação de parasitoses. Espera-se que a crescente sensibilização a nível da sociedade, favorecendo a Saúde e Bem-Estar Animal, com repercussão jurídica e política, possa de algum modo disponibilizar meios e melhores condições nos gatis.
ABSTRACT - GASTROINTESTINAL AND LUNG PARASITES SURVEY IN SHELTER CATS FROM LISBON AND SETÚBAL DISTRICTS, PORTUGAL - Cats host numerous parasites, some of which are responsible for important zoonoses. Moreover, the increasing popularity of cats as companion animals may increase the risk of transmission of these agents to humans. Nevertheless, in Portugal few studies have been conducted to address this subject. Therefore, an epidemiological survey was performed to assess the prevalence of gastrointestinal and lung parasites among shelter cats from Lisbon and Setúbal districts, two main highly populated urban areas in Portugal. Between July and November 2015, 260 faecal samples were randomly collected and analysed using qualitative coprological techniques: Willis flotation, natural sedimentation, faecal smear and Baermann technique. Additionally, it was conducted a Tritrichomonas foetus survey in 25 cats using InPouchTM TF-Feline culture method. Overall, 43.5% (113/260) of the samples were positive for parasitic agents and 18.1% (47/260) showed co-infections. Protozoa was the most prevalent group (34.6%), followed by nematodes (33.8%) and cestodes (1.5%). The genera/species detected were Toxocara cati with 18.1% (47/260), followed by Cystoisospora felis 16.9% (44/260), Cystoisospora rivolta 11.2% (29/260), Ancylostomatidae 10.4% (27/260), Aelurostrongylus abstrusus 5.4% (14/259), Cryptosporidium spp. 4.4% (9/204), Giardia species 3.9% (8/204), Taeniidae 1.2% (3/260) and Dipylidium caninum 0.4% (1/260). T. foetus was not identified. These results reveal a high level of parasitism in the shelters assessed, mainly by zoonotic agents from Toxocaridae and Ancylostomatidae families, and at a lower level by Taeniidae family and Cryptosporidium/Giardia species. Shelter overcrowding and the consequent close contact between animals, increases the likelihood of parasite transmission for parasites with direct life cycles, which may explain the results found for T. cati and Cystoisospora species. The lack of funding in animal shelters constitutes a real challenge in the implementation of regular prophylatic measures and disease management. The difficulties in managing these parasites, contributes to the infections, compromising animal health and welfare. It is expected that the increasing awareness on animal welfare in our society, may gather the means for achieving better conditions in animal shelters.
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Fredensborg, Brian Lund, and n/a. "Ecological interactions between the trematode parasite Maritrema novaezealandensis (Microphallidae) and its intermediate hosts in the New Zealand intertidal soft-sediment community." University of Otago. Department of Zoology, 2005. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20060810.154001.
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Most, if not all, animals will at some stage in their lives encounter parasites. Some of the most widespread and abundant parasites belong to the Class Trematoda. Trematodes often have a substantial negative impact on individual intermediate host ecology. In this thesis, I investigate ecological and evolutionary consequences of the interaction between the microphallid trematode, Maritrema novaezealandensis, and its intermediate snail and crustacean hosts.
Parasites often show a heterogeneous spatial distribution pattern in natural animal host populations. In this study, factors determining the spatial distribution of larval trematodes in Zeacumantus subcarinatus were investigated at two spatial scales (within and among bays). The distribution of shorebird definitive hosts explained a significant amount of the variation in the distribution of trematodes among bays. However, within a bay, other factors override the effect of bird distribution.
The influence of larval trematodes on reproduction, survival and population density of Z. subcarinatus was investigated using laboratory and field studies. In the laboratory, it was found that larval trematodes induce castration and mortality of Z. subcarinatus. The field study revealed that the local prevalence of trematodes had a significant negative effect on population density of Z. subcarinatus.
Through castration, trematodes act as strong selective agents on snail host life history. The effect of trematodes on life history characteristics (reproductive effort, juvenile growth, size at maturity and susceptibility to trematode infections) were investigated among natural populations of Z subcarinatus. Reproductive effort was not higher for uninfected females from populations where the risk of becoming infected was high. However, offspring from those populations were significantly larger, and laboratory-reared juveniles grew significantly faster than conspecifics from other populations. In addition, size at maturity was negatively correlated with trematode prevalence across snail populations. Z. subcarinatus thus adapts to a high local risk of trematode infection by reaching maturity early, thereby increasing the chance of reproducing.
The influence of M. novaezealandensis on the survial of the amphipod host, Paracalliope novizealandiae was examined using experimental infections and field observations. The experimental infections demonstrated that parasite-induced mortality was intensity-dependent. The number of M. novaezealandensis per amphipod was too low to significantly induce host mortality in the field. However, the transmission strategy of this parasite allows it to affect host populations during weather conditions ideal for trematode transmission.
Trematode strategies in the second intermediate host are important to the understanding of host-parasite co-evolution and the evolution of parasite life cycles. In this study, potential density-dependent effects at the metacercarial stage on size and fecundity of in vitro adult M. novaezealandensis was examined in both experimentally infected P. novizealandiae and naturally infected Macrophthalmus hirtipes. For this purpose, a method to excyst and cultivate M. novaezealandensis metacercariae to an egg producing stage, was developed. Naturally infected M. hirtipes also harboured larval stages of three other helminths. Crowding effects in the two crustacean hosts were expressed as a decreased volume and smaller egg production of in vitro adult M. novaezealandensis. In addition, interspecific interactions among parasite species were observed in crab hosts.
The work in this thesis provides evidence that M. novaezealandensis significantly and negatively affect intermediate host ecology. The heterogeneous distribution of trematodes causes differential effects among host populations with subsequent effects on the life history of snail hosts. In addition, this study demonstrates that parasites interact within their second intermediate host with possible implications for the way parasites exploit their hosts.
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Badets, Mathieu. "Etude de la plasticité de développement de Polystoma gallieni, parasite de la rainette méridionale Hyla meridionalis : approches écologiques et moléculaires." Perpignan, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PERP0937.
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La théorie synthétique de l'évolution attribue aux processus du développement une nouvelle dimension dans notre compréhension de l'histoire de la vie. Comme les forces de sélection naturelles et sexuelles, les forces du développement pourraient favoriser ou contraindre la diversification des espèces. Par le jeu d'une combinatoire génétique et par une étonnante capacité d'interaction avec l'environnement, le développement d'un individu pourrait donc être dévié dans sa trajectoire afin d'augmenter survie et reproduction. Ainsi, le développement qui permet l'expression d'une information (génétique) dans un système (écologique), serait le siège de compromis stratégiques touchant le cœur même du mot adaptation. Dans le cas des espèces ayant un mode de vie parasite, la stratégie de développement recouvre souvent celle de la transmission. D'un hôte à un autre au sein d'un écosystème, l'espèce parasite doit passer outre de nombreux filtres qui limitent sa capacité à se transmettre et à se reproduire. Que dire alors de cette surprenante plasticité dont fait preuve un parasite du genre Polystoma pour achever son cycle ? En fonction des caractéristiques de son hôte, le parasite alterne ses modes de développement pour profiter au mieux des opportunités qui lui sont offertes. Ce travail tente de décrire comment cette dualité stratégique parasite traduit l'importance des contraintes historiques et écologiques pour identifier les sources de pressions sélectives. Un questionnement intégratif du développement permet alors de rendre compte de la transmission au sein d'un écosystème temporaire et hétérogèneWithin the synthetic theory of evolution, the processes and patterns of development highlight a new dimension into our understanding of the history of life. Like the natural and sexual forces of selection, development could promote or constrain the diversification of species. Through a combination of genetic modules and an amazing ability to interact with the environment, the development of an individual could be deflected in its trajectory to increase survival and reproduction. Therefore development which allows the expression of information (genetic) in a (ecological) system, would involve strategic trade-off revealing fine tuned adaptations. When species present a parasitic lifestyle, developmental strategy often includes this of transmission. Going from host to host within an ecosystem, the parasite has to bypass many filters that limit its ability to transmit and reproduce. What about the surprising plasticity triggered by a parasite of the genus Polystoma to complete its cycle? Depending on the characteristics of its host, the parasite alternates its developmental pathways in regards of transmission opportunities. This work shade lights on the importance of historical and ecological constraints behind developmental mechanisms and tempts to identify the source of selective pressures. Sole an integrative approach of the parasite development can report how the transmission may occur within a temporary and heterogeneous ecosystem
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Dubois, Jacques. "Phylogénie moléculaire et morphologique des Pimplinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) parasites d'araignées : scénarios évolutifs du mode de parasitisme." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MNHN0063.
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Les Pimplinae sont une des sous-familles d’Ichneumonidae dont les modalités de relation hôtes-parasitoïdes sont les plus diversifiées et dont la biologie est parmi les mieux connues. Des hypothèses phylogénétiques ayant déjà été établies sur des bases morphologiques pour la sous-famille, nous avons (1) confirmé ces hypothèses à l’échelle générique à partir de données moléculaires originales basées sur l‘étude des ADNr 28S,16S et du CO1; (2) approfondi les relations de parenté au sein du groupe de genres Polysphincta ; (3) établi des hypothèses sur l’évolution du parasitisme au sein du groupe. Une phylogénie morphologique robuste du groupe de genres Polysphincta (parasitoïdes d’araignées) a permis de délimiter 21 genres dont trois nouveaux. L’inclusion dans la matrice de caractères biologiques a permis de retracer l’histoire évolutive du groupe à travers l’évolution du mode de parasitisme et d’autres traits comportementaux liés à la larve et à son coconPimplinae are the subfamily whose parasitism patterns are the most diversified and biology one of the best known within the Ichneumonidae. Hypotheses on Pimplinae phylogeny being already established from morphological data, this work aimed at (1) supplying original molecular data, based on 28S and 16S rDNAs and CO1 analyses, in order to test the morphological hypotheses at a generic level; (2) detailing relationships within the Polysphincta genus group ; (3) establishing hypotheses about the evolution of parasitism patterns within this group. The study of the Polysphincta genus group, based on a morphological phylogeny, led to the redefinition of 21 genera, among which 3 were new. The subsequent inclusion of biological characters in the matrix enabled to retrace the evolutionary history of this group through the evolution of parasitism patterns and other behavioural traits of the larva and its cocoon
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Le, Brun Nathalie. "Spécificité des relations hôtes-parasites : le modèle Cyprinidae-Diplozoon." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20055.
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La spécificité parasitaire est abordée à travers les modèles fournis par 4 espèces du genre Diplozoon, parasite branchial de Cypirindae. Plusieurs populations de Diplozoon sont étudiées et comparées dans le sud de la France et en Suisse (lac de Neuchatel)
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Tabouret, Guillaume. "Oestrus ovis(linné 1761) [Diptera : oestridae] chez les ovins : application à la caractérisation des tumeurs mammaires." Toulouse 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU30021.
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Nno, Mabiala Alix Dania. "Mécanismes et agents de la virulence chez les parasitoïdes hyménoptères Braconides du genre Asobara : le cas particulier d'A. Japonica." Amiens, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AMIE0109.
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Le succès reproducteur d'un parasitoïde dépend en grande partie de sa capacité à infester son hôte et à s’y développer. Les parasites sont généralement capables d’éviter, de neutraliser ou de détourner la réponse immunitaire innée de leur hôte. Le processus le plus répandu est la production de facteurs immunosuppresseurs bloquant cette réponse, ou de facteurs toxiques provoquant la mort des cellules de défense. Ce travail de thèse porte sur la comparaison des mécanismes et des agents de la virulence chez les Hyménoptères braconides du genre Asobara. L’étude a porté sur deux espèces, A. Japonica et A. Persimilis, parasitoïdes de larves de D. Melanogaster. Les résultats ont été comparés à ceux précédemment décrits chez A. Tabida et A. Citri. Nous avons montré que la stratégie d’immunosuppression développée par l’espèce A. Japonica lui permet d’échapper dans 100 % des cas à l’encapsulement par les larves de D. Melanogaster. La stratégie de virulence de ce parasitoïde est basée sur une altération complète de l’organe hématopoïétique, ce qui se traduit par une incapacité de la larve hôte à amplifier sa population hémocytaire, toutes catégories hémocytaires confondues. En revanche, les œufs d’A. Persimilis se font encapsuler dans 13% des cas par les larves de D. Melanogaster. Ce parasitoïde affecte également l’organe hématopoïétique mais de façon plus limitée. Chez les larves hôtes, la prolifération des seuls lamellocytes semble être affectée suite à l’infestation par A. Persimilis. La recherche des facteurs responsables de la virulence a conduit à la démonstration d’un effet paralysant puis mortel des venins d’A. Japonica et d’A. Persimilis. De façon remarquable, cet effet peut-être régulé par l’injection d’extraits ovariens de ces parasitoïdes. Les sécrétions venimeuses et ovariennes des femelles d’A. Japonica et d’A. Persimilis seraient donc indispensables au succès du développement parasitaire. L’identification des composés venimeux a été initiée chez A. Japonica, espèce chez laquelle les effets toxiques et immunosuppresseurs sont les plus marqués. On s’est aussi interrogé sur la convergence, ou non, des stratégies et agents développés par les Hyménoptères parasitoïdes pour immuno-déprimer leur hôte. On constate qu’au sein de la communauté des parasitoïdes larvaires de drosophiles, il existe une hétérogénéité des mécanismes et agents immunosuppresseurs, et que cette hétérogénéité dépasse le cadre du genre AsobaraSuccess of parasitoids depends on their ability to infest a host and to complete their development. Endophagous parasites are able to avoid, neutralize or deflect the innate immune response of encapsulation by the hemocytes of their host. The most common mechanism is the production of either immunosuppressive factors blocking this response or of toxic factors causing the death of the hemocytic cells. In this thesis, we compared the mechanisms and agents of the virulence in Hymenoptera braconid species of the genus Asobara. The two species A. Japonica and A. Persimilis, parasitoids of Drosophila larvae, were studied. Results were compared to those previously obtained in A. Tabida and A. Citri. We here show that A. Japonica strategy of immunosuppression permits the parasitoid to successfully escape encapsulation in 100% of the D. Melanogaster parasitized hosts. The virulence strategy of this species is based on the overall destruction of the host’s hematopoietic organ, associated with the inability of the larval host to amplify any hemocyte type. Differently, A. Persimilis eggs are encapsulated in 13% of D. Melanogaster host larvae. This parasitoid species affects, too, the host hematopoietic organ, although this effect is limited compared to A. Japonica. Lamellocytes, which number does not increase post-parasitization, seem to be the only host’s hemocyte type which is affected by A. Persimilis. The analysis of the factors responsible of the parasitoids virulence permitted to demonstrate a paralyzing then deadly effect of the venoms from both A. Japonica and A. Persimilis. Surprisingly, the deadly effect is regulated by the female wasps’ ovarian fluids. Therefore, both venom and ovarian fluids of the female wasps appear to be required for the successful development of the parasitoids. The identification of the wasps’ venom components has been initiated in A. Japonica, the species presenting the most toxic and immunosuppressive effect. We ask the question of the possible convergence between the strategies and agents developed by hymenopteran parasitoids to immunodepress their hosts. It appears that within the community of Drosophila larval parasitoids, there is some heterogeneity of the mechanisms and agents of immunosuppression, and that this heterogeneity is beyond the scope of the Asobara genus
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Duranton, Christelle. "Comparaison de l'infestation par Oestrus ovis (Linné, 1761) chez la chevre et le mouton." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30171.
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Strus ovis (linnaeus, 1761) est un parasite frequent chez le mouton et la chevre de nombreux pays mediterraneens et tropicaux, responsable d'une maladie (l'strose) due a la presence et au developpement de larves dans les cavites nasales de l'hote. Une etude bibliographique et une enquete epidemiologique menee a l'abattoir de pezenas ont montre que la prevalence et l'intensite de l'infestation sont plus importantes chez le mouton que chez la chevre naturellement infestes par strus ovis. Nous avons infeste experimentalement des chevreaux et des agneaux par des larves de premier stade d'strus ovis et compare le nombre de larves recoltees a l'abattage. Les resultats ont confirme que la chevre etait moins receptive a l'infestation par strus ovis. La nature des populations cellulaires recrutees, mastocytes et eosinophiles, au niveau de la muqueuse nasale du septum de chevreaux infestes experimentalement a permis de suspecter la participation d'un phenomene d'hypersensibilite dans la pathogenie de l'strose, confirmant des travaux precedents realises chez l'agneaux. Cependant, apres infestation unique, nous avons montre que le recrutement des eosinophiles et des mastocytes est beaucoup plus important chez les agneaux que chez les chevreaux ou les valeurs restent semblables a celles des temoins. Apres infestations repetitives ; le nombre d'eosinophiles trouves au niveau de la muqueuse nasale des chevreaux est 2,5 fois plus faible que celui obtenu pour les agneaux ; les mastocytes de chevreaux sont tres peu recrutes. Le phenomene d'hypersensibilite developpe par les chevreaux n'est donc pas aussi important que celui des agneaux. La reactivite de certains facteurs de l'immunite peut etre impliquee dans cette difference de reponse cellulaire. Nous avons comparee in vitro, l'emission de monoxyde d'azote par les macrophages de chevreaux et d'agneaux pour determiner si l'infestation par strus ovis en modifiant la production. La toxicite de ce radical oxydatif vis a vis des larves de premiers stades a ete testee et prouvee in vitro. Pour les deux especes hotes, la stimulation in vitro des macrophages par l'extrait antigenique l1 diminue la production de monoxyde d'azote tandis que l'extrait antigenique l2 l'augmente significativement. Compte-tenu des donnees epidemiologiques, nous avons etudie par les marqueurs genomiques (rapd), la diversite genetique des populations d'strus ovis de moutons et de chevres. Ce travail constitue une premiere analyse genetique realisee chez cette espece. Nos resultats ont montre d'une part, une forte diversite intra-population et d'autre part, une importante divergence genetique entre les populations d'stres de moutons et de chevres.
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Prior, Kimberley Faith. "The evolutionary ecology of circadian rhythms in malaria parasites." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29562.
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Biological rhythms are thought to have evolved to enable organisms to organise their activities according to the Earth’s predictable cycles, but quantifying the fitness advantages of rhythms is challenging and data revealing their costs and benefits are scarce. More difficult still is explaining why parasites that exclusively live within the bodies of other organisms have biological rhythms. Rhythms exist in the development and traits of parasites, in host immune responses, and in disease susceptibility. This raises the possibility that timing matters for how hosts and parasites interact and, consequently, for the severity and transmission of diseases. Despite their obvious importance in other fields, circadian rhythms are a neglected aspect of ecology and evolutionary biology. The ambitions of this thesis are to integrate chronobiology, parasitology and evolutionary theory with mathematical models to obtain a greater understanding about how and suggest why malaria parasites have rhythms as well as the effect of infection on host rhythms. First, I identify how malaria parasites lose their developmental rhythms in culture, when they lack any potential time cues from the host. Next, I characterise parasite rhythms inside the mammalian host in terms of synchrony and timing and demonstrate there is genotype by environment interactions for characteristics of parasite rhythms. Then, I investigate the effect that parasite infection has on host rhythms and show there is variation between parasite genotypes in their effect on host locomotor activity and body temperature rhythms during infections. Finally, I explore which host rhythms may be driving parasite synchrony and timing and demonstrate the importance of peripheral host rhythms for the timing of malaria parasite developmental rhythms. The data presented here provides novel and important information on the role of rhythms during disease and opens up a new arena for studying host-parasite coevolution.
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Vandame, Rémy. "Importance de l'hybridation de l'hôte dans la tolérance à un parasite : cas de l'acarien parasite Varroa jacobsoni chez les races d'abeille Apis mellifera européenne et africanisée, en climat tropical humide du Mexique." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10306.
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Borghesan, Tarcilla Corrente. "Diversidade e filogenia de tripanossomatídeos parasitas de dípteros." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42135/tde-03062014-105719/.
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A família Trypanosomatidae compreende parasitas obrigatórios de vertebrados, plantas e invertebrados, as espécies exclusivas de insetos infectam principalmente dípteras e hemípteras. Nós revisamos a taxonomia de Herpetomonas e tripanossomatídeos de insetos que abrigam simbionte (SHT), comparando tripanossomatídeos da América do Sul e África. As filogenias revelaram duas novas espécies e possibilitou revalidar os gêneros Strigomonas e Angomonas. As análises filogenéticas revelaram três novas espécies de endossimbiontes proteobacteriano e apoiam a história evolutiva convergente entre hospedeiros e simbiontes. O DNA barcoding de 364 culturas de moscas identificaram 70 culturas (20%) como Angomonas, 71% deles de Calliphoridae. O gênero Herpetomonas compreende agora 13 espécies válidas, incluindo cinco novas espécies. Algumas espécies de Herpetomonas são parasitas generalistas de moscas e parecem ser tão cosmopolita como seus hospedeiros. Os taxon propostos podem ajudar a elaborar critérios mais eficientes para uma classificação melhor dos tripanossomatídeos.Trypanosomatidae comprises obligate parasites of vertebrates, plants and invertebrates, the species exclusive of insects infect mostly dipterans and hemipterans. We revise the taxonomy of Herpetomonas and Symbiont Harboring Trypanosomatids (SHTs), by comparing trypanosomatids from South America and Africa. The phylogenies disclosed two new species and revalidated the genera Strigomonas and Angomonas. Phylogenetic analyses revealed 3 new species of proteobacterial endosymbionts and support a co-divergent host-symbiont evolutionary history. DNA barcoding of 364 cultures from flies identified 70 cultures (20%) as Angomonas, 71% of them from Calliphoridae. The recent dispersion of calliphorids was important in the dispersal of Angomonas worldwide. The genus Herpetomonas now comprises 13 valid species including 5 new species. Some species of Herpetomonas are generalist parasites of flies and appear to be as cosmopolitan as their hosts. The proposed taxa may help to elaborate more efficient criteria for a better classification of the Trypanosomatidae.
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Inácio, Sandra Valéria. "Validação diagnóstica para a detecção de Cryptosporidium spp. em bovinos /." Araçatuba, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/133993.
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Orientador: Katia Denise Saraiva BrescianiBanca: Simone Baldini Lucheis
Banca: Valéria Maria Savoya da Silva
Banca: Mônica Regina Vendrame Amarante
Banca: Silvia Helena venturoli Perri
Resumo: A criptosporidiose, tanto humana como animal, tem distribuição cosmopolita. Esse parasito ocasiona diarreia em bezerros, retardo no crescimento, mortalidade e consequentes perdas econômicas. Nós realizamos a viabilização, desenvolvimento, avaliação e validação intralaboratorial de uma nova técnica parasitológica para a análise em microscopia óptica de oocistos de Cryptosporidium spp., denominada de TF-Test Coccidia, em amostras fecais de bezerros do município de Araçatuba, São Paulo. Para o desenvolvimento deste estudo e confirmação da nova técnica diagnóstica TF-Test Coccidia foram empregadas duas metodologias: centrífugo-sedimentação seguida da coloração negativa de verde malaquita (CSN-Malaquita) e Nested-PCR. Amostras positivas e negativas de bezerros foram utilizadas para a confecção e validação do TF-Test Coccidia. Portanto, podemos concluir a eficácia da técnica parasitológica de TF-Test Coccidia, na detecção de oocistos do parasito Cryptosporidium spp. e observamos boa concentração e morfologia das estruturas de eliminação do mencionado parasito, com baixa quantidade de impureza em esfregaço fecal.
Abstract: Cryptosporidiosis, both human and animal, has a worldwide distribution. This parasite causes diarrhea in calves, growth retardation, mortality and consequent economic losses. We performed the feasibility, development, evaluation and within-laboratory validation of a new parasitological technique by optical microscopy analysis of Cryptosporidium spp., Called TF-Test Coccidia in fecal samples of calves in the city of Araçatuba, São Paulo. To develop this study and confirmation of the new diagnostic technique TF-Test Coccidia were employed two methodologies: the centrifugal sedimentation followed by negative staining of malachite green (CSN-Malachite) and nested PCR. Positive and negative samples from calves were used for the preparation and validation of TF-Test Coccidia. Therefore, we conclude the effectiveness of parasitological technique TF-Test Coccidia, on the oocysts detection of the parasite Cryptosporidium spp. and observe good concentration and morphology of eliminated parasitic structures mentioned, with low amount of impurity in fecal smear.
Doutor
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Kelly, Colleen Kay. "Host use and foraging in the parasitic plant Cuscuta subinclusa." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184543.
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Foraging theory predicts active responses by organisms upon encounter with a resource, as opposed to the passive responses of differential survivorship and growth. Stems of the parasitic plant Cuscuta subinclusa invest in resource acquisition (coil) relative to host quality in a way predicted by the marginal value theorem (MVT) in that: (1) stem coiling, the necessary antecedent and determinant of resource uptake, precedes exploitation of host materials; and (2) mean coiling on a host species is proportional to: (a) mean growth/haustorium, (b) mean biomass accumulation over the season, and (c) mean parasite growth/host individual. Coiling is correlated with growth/host individual for the 5 native host species examined, but not when a non-native species is added to the model, suggesting coiling response is a result of natural selection. Preliminary evidence indicates that coiling in C. subinclusa is induced by host bark chemicals. Resource-poor stems of C. subinclusa are more likely to coil, and coil more, than resource-rich stems, thus nutritional state of the parasite as well as host value affects foraging responses. Evidence from other experiments suggests that the costs of growth, or "search costs", may affect host acceptability. When water is readily available, transplanted C. subinclusa stems are less likely to coil on branches of Platanus racemosa. During the dry season, when cellular expansion is difficult, all p. racemosa branches were coiled upon. Large parasites are more likely to over-winter and set seed a second season, and parasites that start from over-wintered tissue are significantly larger at flowering than are those that have started from seed. Seed set is correlated with parasite size, thus linking foraging response and fitness of the plant. C. subinclusa's foraging response does not, however, predict population level patterns of host use. The principal determinant of host use by C. subinclusa is average proximity of a species to Malosma laurina. Parasite individuals infest many host species each season, but initially establish, set most seed, and over-winter only on M. laurina. Individual response of C. subinclusa contributes to the model of host use only after proximity to M. laurina is accounted for, suggesting that mechanisms maximizing exploitation of a host take effect after contact between host and parasite.
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Davies, Charlotte Mary. "Snail-schistosome interactions and the evolution of virulence." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343421.
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Alghanmi, Maimonah. "Identification and therapeutic application of molecular parallels between parasites, parasitic vectors and snake venom." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2014. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/17797/.
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Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a group of conditions that exert disability and poverty on populations that comprise the world’s poorest billion people. These conditions, although caused by different organisms and cause distinct disease, they share geographical distribution within tropical regions, occur during similar ecological conditions and most importantly have similar biological mechanisms that are utilized to facilitate the pathology of these diseases. Proteolytic enzymes like proteases are used in many biological mechanisms such as, migration through tissue and cellular compartments; haemoglobin digestion, evasion of immune system responses and cause necrosis and fibrosis to vital tissues and organs. Genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic studies on parasites (S. mansoni and F. hepatica), parasitic vector (An. gambiae) salivary glands and snake venom show that these diverse pathogens appear to be utilizing similar molecules to perform similar biological mechanisms. Therefore, it is of interest to ascertain whether a cross-cutting approach in research could facilitate a better understanding of these diseases. Therefore, the initial aim of this work was to investigate molecular parallels of the mechanisms used by these tropical disease pathogens, including parasites, snake venom toxins, and haematophagic parasite vectors, to access their host’s blood stream. Using a bioinformatics-led approach, in combination with immunological and proteomic analyses, this study demonstrated the presence of similar compounds between shared molecular molecules (serine proteases and other proteins) causing pathology in parasites, parasitic vectors and snake venom. This similarity was not only at the bioinformatics level, but presence of cross-reactivity toward parasite proteins was detected using antivenoms and toxin-specific antibodies. In addition, sera collected from patients infected with S.mansoni exhibited an immune response to snake venom. One of this study aims was to investigate possibilities of using homologous proteins in parasitic vectors and snake venom as therapeutic applications. For this purpose, chimeric epitopes of homologous snake venom (Echis ocellatus) and mosquito salivary proteins were designed as primary vaccine that could be boosted by mosquito bites. If succeeded, this method would prevent, or at least reduce, the devastating pathology and death caused by snake venom at a low cost, with limited logistical complications.
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Brewster, Bernice. "Aquatic Parasite Information : a database on parasites of freshwater and brackish fish in the United Kingdom." Thesis, Kingston University, 2016. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/39278/.
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A checklist of parasites of freshwater fish in the UK is an important source of information concerning hosts and their distribution for all aspects of scientific research. An interactive, electronic, web-based databse, Aquatic Parasite Information has been designed, incorporating all freshwater and brackish species of fish, parasites, taxonomy, synonyms, authors and associated hosts, together with records for their distribution. One of the key features of Aquatic Parasite Information is this checklist can be updated. Interrogation of Aquatic Parastie Information has revealed that some parasites of freshwater and brackish species of fish, such as the unicellular groups or those metzoans that are difficult to identify using morphological characters, are under reported. Aquatic Parasite Information identified the monogenean family Dactylogyridae and the cestodes infecting UK freshwater fish as under-represented groups, owing to the difficulties identifying them morphologically. Both the Dactylogyridae and cestodes have implications for pathology, outbreaks of disease and morbidity in freshwater fish in the UK, therefore accurate identification is critical. Studies were undertaken using both standard morphological techniques of histology and molecular techniques to identify dactylogyrid species and tapeworms commonly found parasitizing fish in the UK. Morphological studies demonstrated that histological processes could lead to distortion of the specimins and permanent mounting may affect the orientation which may obscure vital characteristics. Moleculr techniques were successfully employed using ITS1 for the Dactylogyridae and cox1 and r28s for the cestodes, to demonstrate genetic variability for the interspecific identification of species. Histology, scanning electron microscopy and molecular techniques have also identified an Atractolytocestus sp. tapeworm, parasitizing carp in the UK, as a potentially new species. Analysis of parasite records extracted from Aquatic Parasite Information has implicated freshwater fishery management policies as impacting on the dissemination and distribution of parasites, resulting in the spread of some species and decline of others.
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Davis, Richard Elliot. "Neutrophil responses to infection with leishmania parasites: MHC class II-expression and parasite life-stage interactions." Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2200.
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The vector-borne protozoan Leishmania spp. cause the spectrum of disease known as leishmaniasis in human and animal hosts. The most common manifestations of leishmaniasis are the chronic, ulcerative skin disease cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), and the more serious visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in which parasites take up residence in internal organs, causing death if not treated. The role of neutrophils (PMNs) in the immune response to CL and VL is unclear. It is s generally thought that PMNs are only a short-lived effector cell, and have been disregarded as playing a role in chronic Leishmania spp. infection. As both CL and VL are diseases characterized by increased inflammatory immune mediators, we hypothesized that PMNs from human or animal models of chronic leishmaniasis would display different properties from PMNs from healthy controls. We found in a subset of CL and VL patients circulating PMNs expressing HLA-DR, the human form of MHC class II, a molecule thought to be restricted primarily to professional antigen cells. When we examined PMNs recruited to CL skin lesions in human patients, or similar lesions in experimental murine model of CL, we found significantly increased MHC class II+ PMNs. Circulating HLA-DR+ PMNs also expressed the co-stimulatory molecules CD80, CD86 and CD40. While this suggested an antigen-presenting cell-like phenotype by these HLA-DR+ PMNs, compared to conventional HLA-DR- PMNs, HLA-DR+ PMNs showed not only a neutrophil-like appearance and function, but in fact increased activation, degranulation, intracellular MPO and phagocytosis of parasites and zymosan particles. Incubation of healthy control whole blood with inflammatory cytokines resulted in increased HLA-DR+ PMNs and the presence of hladrb1 mRNA, suggesting a connection between neutrophil “priming” and upregulation of HLA-DR.
In addition to HLA-DR+ PMNs in CL patients, we also identified the presence of so-called “low-density” neutrophils (LD-PMNs). These neutrophils, which are enriched in low-density fractions following centrifugation of blood over a density gradient, are reported in numerous disease states, including cancer, HIV, and systemic lupus erythematosus. In some disease states, LD-PMN are reported to be immunosuppressive toward T cell activation and proliferation. However, LD-PMNs from leishmaniasis patients showed no evidence of immunosuppression. Additionally, we found that LD-PMNs show significantly increased surface expression of MHC class II, suggesting a heretofore unappreciated connection between these atypical neutrophil phenotypes. We also investigated the in vitro interactions with different Leishmania infantum life-stages, both those that cause acute infection (promastigotes) and amastigotes, which are found during chronic stages of the disease. We found that PMNs are readily infected by all L. infantum life-stages, but that amastigotes may have different methods of interacting with PMN surface receptors and are better equipped to avoid PMN anti-microbial responses.
These data suggest that circulating PMNs in chronic leishmaniasis may have unique phenotypes and interact differently with the Leishmania spp. life-cycle present during chronic infection. Further investigation of the role of PMNs and atypical PMN phenotypes in chronic disease may help identify new immunomodulatory roles for this cell type.
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Lester, Hannah. "Anthelmintic resistance in equine parasites : an epidemiological approach to build a framework for sustainable parasite control." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2015. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2029559/.
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Faecal egg count (FEC) directed targeted anthelmintic treatment programmes and regular efficacy testing using the faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) have been advocated to support evidence-based helminth control in horses. One major hurdle to their widespread application is that horse owners/managers and those that prescribe anthelmintics may have insufficient knowledge on which to base evidence-based protocols. The ultimate aim of this study was to create a framework for a decision support system (DSS) to support evidence-based helminth control in horses. To create the framework, the diagnostic performance of FEC and FECRT methodologies were evaluated. In addition, the efficacy of the three licensed anthelmintic classes was tested in several equine populations. The prevalence and distribution of helminths was determined in these populations, and an analysis undertaken to investigate factors associated with different levels of strongyle egg shedding in individuals. The consistency of egg shedding patterns in individuals over time was evaluated and the resource implications of following a FEC directed targeted treatment investigated. The FEC analysis findings support the rationale of FEC directed targeted anthelmintic treatments in horses to reduce treatment frequency in order to mitigate the impact of anthelmintic resistance. Moreover, the results show that such a strategy may be cost effective. The efficacy studies revealed that the macrocyclic lactone anthelmintics were highly effective in reducing strongyle egg output at two weeks after treatment, but further studies are required to analyse the strongyle egg reappearance period after treatment with these anthelmintics. In summary, this study validates the use of FEC directed treatment protocols in the field and the next step will be to use the derived information to design user-friendly online support tools.
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Mendonça, Rafael Paranhos de. "Atividade endectocida de uma nova alternativa terapêutica (S-cifenotrina, Butóxido de piperonila, D-tetrametrina e Ivermectina) em cães /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95944.
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Orientador: Alvimar José da CostaBanca: Gilson Pereira de Oliveira
Banca: Luciano Melo de Souza
Resumo: Utilizando-se de delineamentos experimentais apropriados, foi avaliada a atividade endectocida de uma nova associação medicamentosa, composta de dois piretróides (Scifenotrina e D-tetrametrina), butóxido de piperonila e ivermectina. Quatro experimentos foram conduzidos para avaliação terapêutica da nova associação, comparativamente à formulações adquiridas no mercado. Para avaliação carrapaticida e pulicida foram conduzidos dois experimentos. No primeiro ensaio, 21 cães naturalmente infestados por Rhipicephalus sanguineus, selecionados por meio de duas contagens consecutivas, foram randomizados e sorteados em três grupos de sete animais cada. No segundo ensaio, 21 cães selecionados foram randomizados e sorteados, também, em três grupos de sete animais cada. Infestações artificiais foram realizadas nos dias -4, -2, 6, 13, 20, 27 e 34 com Ctenocephalides felis felis (100 pulgas) e nos dias -1, 6, 13, 20, 27 e 34 com R. sanguineus (30 carrapatos). Nos dois experimentos a nova formulação foi comparada à associação D-fenotrina 78,125%+ piriproxifen 2,575%. A eficácia sarnicida da nova formulação experimental, comparativamente à selamectina 12%, foi avaliada em 15 cães naturalmente infestados por S. scabiei var. canis. Raspados cutâneos e avaliações clínicas (regressão das lesões de pele) foram realizados, em todos os cães experimentais. Para avaliação anti-helmíntica, 24 cães foram selecionados por meio de exames coprológicos e distribuídos em três grupos de oito animais cada. As contagens de ovos de nematódeos por grama de fezes (OPG) foram realizadas nos dias -3, -2, -1 (seleção dos animais) e 1, 3, 7, 10 e 14 pós-tratamento. A nova formulação experimental foi comparada à Selamectina 12%.Todos os dados foram avaliados estatisticamente, e as inferências devidamente extraídas...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Utilizing of the appropriate experimental design, was evaluated the anti-parasite activity of a new formulation, composed of two piretroids (S-cifenotrin and D-tetrametrin), piperonil butox and ivermectinn. Four experiments had been lead for therapeutical evaluation of the new association, comparativily to the formulation acquired in the market. For the evaluation against ticks and flea, two experiments had been lead. In the first assay, 21 dogs naturally infested by Rhipicephalus sanguineus, selected by means of two consecutive countings, were shuffted and randomly put into three groups of seven animals each. In the second assay, 21 selected dogs were allocated randomly, also, in three groups of seven animals each. Artificial infestations had been carried through in days -4, -2, 6, 13, 20, 27 and 34 with Ctenocephalides felis felis (100 fleas) and in days -1, 6, 13, 20, 27 and 34 with R. sanguineus (30 ticks). In the two experiments the new formulation was compared with the association D-fenotrin 78.125%+ piriproxifen 2.575%. The scabies effectiveness of the new experimental formulation, comparativily to selamectin 12%, was evaluated in 15 dogs naturally infested by S. scabiei var. canis. Cutaneous scrapings and clinical evaluations (regression of the skin injuries) had been carried through, in all the experimental dogs. For antihelmintic evaluation, 24 dogs had been selected by means of the coprology examinations and distributed in three groups of eight animals each. The egg countings of nematodes for gram of fezes (EPG) had been carried through in days -3, -2, -1 (election of the animals) and 1, 3, 7, 10 and 14 post-treatment. The new experimental formulation was compared with the selamectina 12%...(Complete abstract, acess undermentioned eletronic address)
Mestre
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McKay, Derek Mark. "Aspects of the neurobiology of two parasitic platyhelminths, with observations on host-parasite interactions." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335561.
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Vieira, Vivian Suane de Freitas. "Metazo?rios parasitos de Pimelodus spp. e estrutura da comunidade parasit?ria de Pimelodus maculatus (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) coletados em duas bacias hidrogr?ficas do Brasil." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1199.
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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
A list of metazoan species associated to Pimelodus Lac?p?de, 1803 genus has been prepared in this work. The total of 516 records in 10 host species of genus was compiled. Were included in the list of new geographic records monogeneans parasites of Pimelodus maculatus Lac?p?de, 1803 collected from Midwest, Southeast and South of Brazil. New morphological data of Cucullanus pinnai pinnai Travassos, Artigas & Pereira, 1928, parasite of P. maculatus collected in the Guandu river, in the State of Rio de Janeiro have been reported. This work noted that the position of the excretory pore and deirids of the specimens are at the level or posterior to the oesophagus- intestine junction in the most specimens and gubernaculums size is greater than in other previously studied of C. pinnai pinnai. Nematodes were studied using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential interference contrast (DIC) and analyzes confirmed morphological details of the cephalic region and the caudal papillae that species. Comparative study of parasitic communities of P. maculatus was also performed. 50 specimens of the P. maculatus were collected from Guandu river, in the State of Rio de Janeiro and others 50 from Mogi-Gua?? river, State of S?o Paulo. In the samples from Guandu river were identified the following species: Ameloblastella paranaensis Fran?a, Isaac, Pavanelli & Takemoto, 2003 (P= 8%; MI= 1,0?0,0); A. satoi Monteiro, Kritsky, Brasil-Sato, 2010 (P= 8%; MI= 1,0?0,0); Demidospermus bidiverticulatum Suriano & Incorvaia, 1995 (P= 8%; MI= 1,0?0,0); D. paravalenciennesi Guti?rrez & Suriano, 1992 (P=90%; MI=14,77?5,04), D. uncusvalidus Guti?rrez & Suriano, 1992 (P=90%; MI=12,37?4,86), D. valenciennesi Guti?rrez & Suriano, 1992 (P=56%; MI=6,06?3,95) e Cucullanus pinnai pinnai Travassos, Artigas & Pereira, 1928 (P=64%; MI=3,28?4,87). In the rio Mogi-Gua?? the parasites identified were: Ameloblastella paranaensis (P= 8%; MI= 1,0?0,0), Ameloblastella satoi (P= 8%; MI= 1,0?0,0), Demidospermus paravalenciennesi (P=86%; MI=18,58?10,79), D. uncusvalidus (P=84%; MI=16,73?7,74), D. valenciennesi (P=52%; IM=6,84?4,55) e Cucullanus pinnai pinnai (P= 44%; MI= 3,88?4,87). The females of P. maculatus had higher weight and length of males in both samples. The sex and o length of the hosts did not influence the level of parasitism. Positive correlation was observed between weight of host and abundance of D. uncusvalidus only in the sample of the Guandu river. Aggregate distribution was observed in all the prevalent species of metazoan parasites of P. maculatus in the two localities. D. paravalenciennesi showed a higher frequency of dominance and relative dominance in the samples of Guandu river and D. uncusvalidus in the samples of Mogi-Gua?? river. The results of the qualitative similarity index Jaccard (CJ) and quantitative Sorensen (CS) within the collected samples were homogenea. The Jaccard index indicated heterogeneity while Sorensen index indicated homogeneity between samples. The results demonstrated that the relationship between parasites and their hosts are constant even in different river basins.
Uma lista de esp?cies de metazo?rios associados ao g?nero Pimelodus Lac?p?de, 1803 foi elaborada neste trabalho. O total de 516 registros em 10 esp?cies de hospedeiros do g?nero foi compilado. Foram inclu?dos na lista novos registros de geogr?ficos de parasitos monogen?ticos de Pimelodus maculatus Lac?p?de, 1803 coletados nas regi?es Centro-oeste, Sudeste e Sul do Brasil. Novos dados morfol?gicos de Cucullanus pinnai pinnai Travassos, Artigas & Pereira, 1928, parasito de P. maculatus coletado no rio Guandu, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro foram relatados. Foi observado que a posi??o do poro excretor e deir?deos nos esp?cimes estudados s?o posteriores ao final do es?fago na maioria dos esp?cimes e o tamanho do gubern?culo ? maior do que em outros de C. pinnai pinnai estudados anteriormente. Os nematoides foram estudados utilizando microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV) e contraste interferencial de fase (DIC) e as an?lises confirmaram detalhes morfol?gicos da regi?o cef?lica e as papilas caudais dessa esp?cie. Estudo comparativo das comunidades parasit?rias de P. maculatus tamb?m foi realizado. Foram coletados 50 esp?cimes de P. maculatus no rio Guandu, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro e outros 50 exemplares no rio Mogi-Gua??, no Estado de S?o Paulo, foram examinados para o estudo de sua parasitofauna, no per?odo de maio ? dezembro de 2012. No rio Guandu foram coletadas as seguintes esp?cies: Ameloblastella paranaensis Fran?a, Isaac, Pavanelli & Takemoto, 2003 (P= 8%; IM= 1,0?0,0); A. satoi Monteiro, Kritsky, Brasil-Sato, 2010 (P= 8%; IM= 1,0?0,0); Demidospermus bidiverticulatum Suriano & Incorvaia, 1995 (P= 8%; IM= 1,0?0,0); D. paravalenciennesi Guti?rrez & Suriano, 1992 (P=90%; IM=14,77?5,04), D. uncusvalidus Guti?rrez & Suriano, 1992 (P=90%; IM=12,37?4,86), D. valenciennesi Guti?rrez & Suriano, 1992 (P=56%; IM=6,06?3,95) e Cucullanus pinnai pinnai Travassos, Artigas & Pereira, 1928 (P=64%; IM=3,28?4,87). No rio Mogi-Gua?? os parasitos identificados foram: Ameloblastella paranaensis (P= 8%; IM= 1,0?0,0), Ameloblastella satoi (P= 8%; IM= 1,0?0,0), Demidospermus paravalenciennesi (P=86%; IM=18,58?10,79), D. uncusvalidus (P=84%; IM=16,73?7,74), D. valenciennesi (P=52%; IM=6,84?4,55) e Cucullanus pinnai pinnai (P= 44; IM= 3,88?4,87). As f?meas de P. maculatus apresentaram peso e comprimento maiores que dos machos nas duas amostras. O sexo e o comprimento dos hospedeiros n?o influenciaram o n?vel de parasitismo. Correla??o positiva foi observada entre o peso e a abund?ncia de D. uncusvalidus somente na amostra do rio Guandu. Foi observada distribui??o agregada de todas as esp?cies mais prevalentes de metazo?rios parasitos de P. maculatus nas duas bacias de coleta. D. paravalenciennesi apresentou maior freq??ncia de domin?ncia e domin?ncia relativa no rio Guandu e D. uncusvalidus no rio Mogi-Gua??. Os resultados dos ?ndices de similaridade qualitativa de Jaccard (CJ) e quantitativa de Sorensen (CS) dentro das amostras coletadas demonstraram homogeneidade. O ?ndice Jaccard indicou heterogeneidade e o ?ndice de Sorensen indicou homogeneidade entre as amostras. Os resultados demonstram que o relacionamento entre parasitos e seus hospedeiros s?o constantes, mesmo em diferentes bacias hidrogr?ficas.
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Bouchut, Anne. "La compatibilité dans l’interaction Biomphalaria glabrata/Echinostoma caproni : recherche de gènes candidats." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20009.
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Les interactions hôte-parasite entre mollusques et trématodes se caractérisent par un polymorphisme de compatibilité qui se manifeste par la présence de couples compatibles (hôte susceptible et/ou parasite virulent) et de couples incompatibles (hôte résistant et/ou parasite avirulent) en populations naturelles. Afin d’appréhender les déterminants moléculaires responsables de cette compatibilité différentielle entre le mollusque Biomphalaria glabrata et le trématode parasite Echinostoma caproni, plusieurs études moléculaires comparatives ont été réalisées sur deux souches de B. Glabrata, susceptible et résistante à E. Caproni. Des travaux antérieurs ayant mis en évidence des différences plasmatiques et hémocytaires entre ces souches, nos approches moléculaires ont été menées dans un premier temps sur ces compartiments biologiques. Nous avons développé (i) une approche protéomique pour comparer le contenu protéique de leur plasma et hémocytes, (ii) une approche transcriptomique plus ciblée sur les transcrits correspondant à des gènes potentiellement impliqués dans les processus d’adhérence dans les hémocytes. Enfin, les résultats obtenus nous ont conduits à réaliser une approche transcriptomique plus globale par banques soustractives sur mollusques entiers de façon à identifier d’autres gènes exprimés par d’autres compartiments ou tissus. Ces travaux nous ont permis d’identifier toute une série de candidats différentiellement représentés entre mollusques susceptibles et résistants et potentiellement impliqués dans les différences de compatibilité entre souches. Parmi eux, on trouve des gènes potentiellement impliqués dans (i) la reconnaissance du parasite et les voies de signalisation (Calcium binding Protein, glycosidases et C-type lectin), (ii) la mobilité et l’adhérence (protéines à domaines Von Willebrand, cadhérine, dermatopontines et protéine de filament intermédiaire), (iii) la régulation de l’expression des gènes (histone H4), ou encore (iv) des gènes codant les effecteurs de la réponse immunitaire (inhibiteurs de protéases, protéases et aplysianin). Mots-clés : Biomphalaria glabrata, Echinostoma caproni, interaction hôte-parasite, compatibilité, susceptibilité-résistance, invertébré, approches moléculaires comparativesHost/parasite interactions involving snails and trematodes showed a strong polymorphism for compatibility. This polymorphism leads to the existence of susceptible and resistant snails to the parasite in the same host population. In order to understand the molecular determinants responsible for the differential compatibility of the mollusc Biomphalaria glabrata for the trematode Echinostoma caproni, we developed several molecular approaches to compare two host strains, one susceptible and one resistant to E. Caproni. Previous studies provided evidence that differences exist between susceptible and resistant hosts humoral factors and that constitutive differences exist between susceptible and resistant hemocytes that concern their adhesion abilities. To further investigate the molecular basis of differences pointed out, we carried out (i) a comprehensive proteomic approach to compare protein content extracted from plasma or hemocytes, (ii) a transcriptomic approach, well targeted on genes potentially involved in adhesion processes in hemocytes and (iii) finally, the results we obtained led us to perform a complementary transcriptomic approach by constructing subtractive libraries on entire snails in order to identify other cellular compartments or tissues potentially involved in susceptibility-resistance processes. These studies revealed several candidate genes differentially expressed between susceptible and resistant snails and potentially implied in different functions that could participate in compatibility processes: (i) Parasite recognition and signalling pathways (Calcium binding Protein, glycolytic enzymes and C-type lectin) ; (ii) Mobility and adhesion (proteins containing Von Willebrand domains, cadherin, dermatopontins and intermediate filament protein) ; (iii) Immune defence effectors (protease inhibitors, proteases and aplysianin) and (iv) Regulation of gene expression (histone H4). Keywords: Biomphalaria glabrata, Echinostoma caproni, host-parasite interaction, compatibility, susceptibility-resistance, invertebrate, comparative molecular approaches
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Matos, Bárbara de Miranda. "Parasitoses pulmonares e gastrointestinais em felinos domésticos no Minho, Portugal." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11914.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaOs gatos podem albergar uma grande variedade de espécies parasitárias, algumas delas responsáveis por zoonoses importantes, como Toxocara cati. Outros parasitas não zoonóticos começam a ser cada vez mais reportados na Europa e podem causar sinais clínicos com importância clínica significativa, como Aelurostrongylus abstrusus. Os registos parasitológicos em felinos são escassos em Portugal e praticamente inexistentes na região do Minho. Sendo assim, um estudo epidemiológico foi efetuado nos distritos de Braga e Viana do Castelo, de modo a estudar a prevalência de parasitas gastrointestinais e pulmonares em gatos mantidos em abrigos ou gatos com proprietário com acesso ao exterior. Entre Fevereiro e Abril de 2016, 205 amostras fecais foram colhidas e analisadas através das seguintes técnicas: Flutuação de Willis, Sedimentação Natural, Esfregaço fecal corado pelo método de Ziehl-Neelsen modificado e Baermann. No cômputo geral, 63,9% (131/205) das amostras foram positivas para pelo menos uma forma parasitária e 21% (43/205) demonstraram infeções mistas. Os nemátodes foram os parasitas mais prevalentes com 92,4% (121/131), seguidos dos protozoários com 21,4% (28/131). Os parasitas detetados foram Toxocara cati, 45,9% (94/205), Aelurostrongylus abstrusus 22,4% (46/205), Cystoisospora rivolta 9,8% (20/205), Ancylostomatidae 5,9% (12/205) e Cystoisospora felis 5,4% (11/205). Este estudo reporta uma elevada prevalência de parasitismo entre a população felina na região do Minho, alertando para o fato de os gatos com infeções parasitárias assintomáticas poderem desempenhar um fator de risco para a saúde animal e humana. Os resultados deste estudo sublinham a necessidade urgente de adotar estratégias preventivas e de controlo para agentes parasitários em felinos domésticos na região do Minho.
ABSTRACT - Cats may harbour a large variety of parasite species, some of them responsible for important zoonosis, such as Toxocara cati. Other non-zoonotic parasites are increasingly reported throughout Europe and may cause illness of major clinical importance, like Aelurostrongylus abstrusus. Information regarding internal parasite occurrence in domestic cats from Portugal is scant and practically inexistent in Minho region. Thereby, an epidemiological survey was conducted in cat shelters belonging to associations and owned cats with outdoor acess from Braga and Viana do Castelo to study the current prevalence of gastrointestinal and lung parasites. Between February and April 2016, 205 cat faecal samples were collected and analysed using coprological techniques: Willis Flotation, Natural Sedimentation, Faecal Smear stained with Ziehl-Neelsen modified and Baermann technique. Overall, 63,9% (131/205) of the samples were positive for at least one parasitic agent and 21% (43/205) showed co infections. Nematodes were the most prevalent parasites, 92,4% (121/131), followed by Protozoa, 21,4% (28/131). The parasites detected were Toxocara cati, 45,9% (94/205), Aelurostrongylus abstrusus 22,4% (46/205), Cystoisospora rivolta 9,8% (20/205), Ancylostomatidae 5,9% (12/205) and Cystoisospora felis 5,4% (11/205). This survey revealed a high prevalence level of parasitism among the cat population of Northwestern Portugal, alerting for the fact that cats with asymptomatic or untreated parasitic infections pose ongoing risks for animal and human health. Data from this study highlight the urgent necessity to adopt strategies to prevent and control parasitic agents in domestic cats in Minho region.
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BONETTI, FRANCO C. "Estudo do uso da radiação ionizante como ferramenta de seleção de formas promastigotas metacíclicas de Leishmania amazonensis, e a indução de resposta imunológica em modelos experimentais." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2006. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11548.
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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Segonds-Pichon, Anne. "L'interaction hôte-parasite chez le chevreuil (Capreolus capreolus) : étude éco-épidémiologique de la relation entre les nématodes gastro-intestinaux et pulmonaires et la condition corporelle de l'hôte dans des populations contrastées." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10091.
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L'objectif de notre étude a été d'apporter des connaissances nouvelles sur la dynamique de la relation hôte-parasite dans le cas particulier du chevreuil et des nématodes qu'il héberge. Elle s'est déroulée sur 5 années et a permis la collecte et l'analyse coprologique puis statistique de 1607 prélèvements provenant de 7 populations de chevreuils contrastées sur le plan du milieu et de la densité relative aux ressources. L'helminthofaune observée correspond aux espèces de nématodes digestifs et pulmonaires généralement retrouvées en France. Après avoir établi la validité de la méthode coprologique dans le cadre d'une comparaison inter-populationnelle, nous avons mis en évidence la relation négative unissant la masse corporelle des chevreuils à leurs charges parasitaires digestives et pulmonaires. Nous avons également pu observer que la distribution des oeufs et des larves dans les matières fécales était agrégative. L'agrégation parasitaire est plus forte ou tend à l'etre chez les adultes, en particulier chez les femelles et lorsque l'abondance de la population d'hôtes est faible. Elle est plus faible ou tend à l'être chez les faons et les individus âgés de plus de 8 ans et lorsque les populations de chevreuils sont très abondantes par rapport aux ressources disponibles. Les prévalences et les indices parasitaires sont également plus élevés chez les faons et les chevreuils de plus de 8 ans que chez les adultes de 2 à 7 ans, chez les mâles que chez les femelles, en automne qu'en hiver, Lorsque les populations sont abondantes par rapport aux ressources et lorsque les chevreuils sont porteurs de Dictyocaulus noerneri. L'ensemble de nos résultats permet de penser que les parasites peuvent avoir un impact sur la dynamique des populations de chevreuils et en particulier un rôle régulateur. La construction d'un indicateur de la qualité de la relation entre les populations de chevreuils et leur milieu est proposée dans le contexte de la gestion de ces populations.
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Ali, Magdi Mahmoud M. "The immunologic aspects of the pathogenesis of human onchocerciasis /." Stockholm : Dept. of immunology, Wenner-Gren institute, Stockholm university, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-793.
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Tolis, Benjamin. "PARASITIC OPERATIONS: TO INHABIT A CADAVER." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-281361.
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My project takes place in Athens, address Lagoumitzi 15. The plan is to undertake and give life to the huge skeleton-like unfinished structure there. I transform the "skeleton" to a center for urban art, street art. My ambition is for the buidling to become the epicentre for street art in Athens. Since I am designing the building for a non-conformist group of people, graffiti artists, I choose to approach the project by trying to mimic the parasitic art form that is graffiti, in architecture. I wanted the building to radiate the same energy as the artform it is devoted to, and its intended users. The method I am working with is a parasitic method originally by Andrew Benjamin.
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Besnard-Cochennec, Nathalie. "Bonamia ostreae, parasite de l'huître plate, Ostrea edulis : sa position taxonomique parmi les parasites du groupe "microcell" : analyses des interactions hôte-parasite chez plusieurs populations d'huître plates." La Rochelle, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LAROS073.
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La Bonamiose, maladie due au protozaire Bonamia ostreae a été détectée en 1979 pour la première fois en Bretagne au cours d'épisodes de mortalité. Depuis, cette maladie s'est propagée à tous les centres ostréicoles français, puis européens. Une autre espèce, B. Sp. A été décrite en Nouvelle Zélande et en Australie. En outre, deux autres parasites ont été rapprochés du genre Bonamia. Il s'agit de Mikrocytos mackini qui affecte les huîtres creuses, Crassostrea gigas au Canada et M. Roughleyi qui affecte les huîtres sauvages en Australie, Saccostrea commercialis. Ces quatre parasites sont regroupés sous le nom " microcell ". Les caractérisations ultrastructurales et moléculaires de ces parasites ont été réalisées. Elles ont permis d'inclure les parasites B. Ostreae, B. Sp et M. Roughleyi dans le phylum des Haplosporidia. Une nouvelle espèce a été créée pour B. Sp. , B. Exitiosus. Des outils moléculaires de détection des genres B. Spp. Et M. Spp et d'identification d'espèces ont été mis au point (PCR, PCR-RFLP, Hybridation in situ). L'analyse en cytométrie en flux nous a permis de caractériser morphologiquement et fonctionnellement les effecteurs cellulaires des mécanismes de défense des huîtres plates, les hémocytes circulants. Trois types hémocytaires ont été décrits sur la base de leur taille et de leur granularité. La répartition hémocytaire indique que la population des cellules agranuleuses est majoritaire dans l'hémolymphe. Quatre lectines hétérologues ont permis de discriminer les populations granuleuses et agranuleuses. La mise au point de dosage d'activités cellulaires a permis d'évaluer pour chaque type cellulaire l'expression de six activités déterminantes dans les mécanismes post-phagocytaires. Ces activités sont majoritaires dans les granulocytes. Les grandes cellules agranuleuses et les petits hyalinocytes présentent les mêmes activités mais les taux d'expression sont plus faibles. Les résultats de phagocytose, in vitro, suggèrent que le parasite B. Ostreae intervient de manière active dans la phagocytose. Les résidus glycosylés présents sur la membrane cytoplasmique du parasite sont identiques à ceux présents à la surface des granulocytes suggérant un rôle important des lectines dans les phénomènes de reconnaissance et d'internalisation. Afin de rechercher d'éventuelles relations entre ces paramètres et la résistance à la Bonamiose, différentes populations d'huîtres sensibles et sélectionnées ont été comparées. L'étude a permis de mettre en évidence une corrélation entre l'expression des estérases des grandes cellules agranuleuses et la résistance à la Bonamiose. Ces paramètres pourront servir de critère de sélection dans les programmes d'amélioration génétique.
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Rossanigo, Carlos Esteban. "Rôle de l'eau et de la température sur les taux de développement des nématodes parasites du tractus digestif des ruminants." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20293.
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Les conditions climatiques ont un role preponderant sur la repartition geographique et temporelle des differentes especes de nematodes parasites des ruminants. Sur un exemple tire du parasitisme des bovins du centre-ouest d'argentine, temperature et pluviometrie contribuent a expliquer les niveaux d'infestation par les principaux genres. Un travail plus experimental est developpe en vue d'estimer le role de l'eau a proximite immediate des ufs et jeunes larves des nematodes (dans les feces), avec ou sans celui de la temperature, sur la partie du cycle de developpement allant de l'uf a la larve infestante. Par des depots de feces d'animaux parasites dans des situations climatiques diversifiees, il est montre que la temperature au sein des bouses etait le premier facteur conditionnant le taux de developpement des especes parasitant les bovins et que c'etait l'humidite ponderale des feces dans le cas des parasites d'ovin. Les exigences thermique et surtout hydriques sont definies au laboratoire pour huit especes parasites de bovins, ovins et cervides multipliees sur ovin. L'adaptation aux faibles humidites etait le principal caractere specifique. La taille des larves infestantes s'est averee dependre des conditions de developpement. Par des tests de laboratoire, il est montre que les petites larves developpees a des humidites faibles migraient et se degainaient plus lentement que les normales et semblaient avoir plus de mal a s'etablir chez l'hote. L'adaptation genetique aux conditions seches d'une lignee a ete tentee par une selection pendant 5 generations mais n'a pas revele d'evolution du taux de developpement dans ces conditions
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Mendonça, Rafael Paranhos de [UNESP]. "Atividade endectocida de uma nova alternativa terapêutica (S-cifenotrina, Butóxido de piperonila, D-tetrametrina e Ivermectina) em cães." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95944.
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mendonca_rp_me_jabo.pdf: 999544 bytes, checksum: 24d985deb1f2b8c0000be6982d5c9e3f (MD5)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Utilizando-se de delineamentos experimentais apropriados, foi avaliada a atividade endectocida de uma nova associação medicamentosa, composta de dois piretróides (Scifenotrina e D-tetrametrina), butóxido de piperonila e ivermectina. Quatro experimentos foram conduzidos para avaliação terapêutica da nova associação, comparativamente à formulações adquiridas no mercado. Para avaliação carrapaticida e pulicida foram conduzidos dois experimentos. No primeiro ensaio, 21 cães naturalmente infestados por Rhipicephalus sanguineus, selecionados por meio de duas contagens consecutivas, foram randomizados e sorteados em três grupos de sete animais cada. No segundo ensaio, 21 cães selecionados foram randomizados e sorteados, também, em três grupos de sete animais cada. Infestações artificiais foram realizadas nos dias -4, -2, 6, 13, 20, 27 e 34 com Ctenocephalides felis felis (100 pulgas) e nos dias -1, 6, 13, 20, 27 e 34 com R. sanguineus (30 carrapatos). Nos dois experimentos a nova formulação foi comparada à associação D-fenotrina 78,125%+ piriproxifen 2,575%. A eficácia sarnicida da nova formulação experimental, comparativamente à selamectina 12%, foi avaliada em 15 cães naturalmente infestados por S. scabiei var. canis. Raspados cutâneos e avaliações clínicas (regressão das lesões de pele) foram realizados, em todos os cães experimentais. Para avaliação anti-helmíntica, 24 cães foram selecionados por meio de exames coprológicos e distribuídos em três grupos de oito animais cada. As contagens de ovos de nematódeos por grama de fezes (OPG) foram realizadas nos dias -3, -2, -1 (seleção dos animais) e 1, 3, 7, 10 e 14 pós-tratamento. A nova formulação experimental foi comparada à Selamectina 12%.Todos os dados foram avaliados estatisticamente, e as inferências devidamente extraídas...
Utilizing of the appropriate experimental design, was evaluated the anti-parasite activity of a new formulation, composed of two piretroids (S-cifenotrin and D-tetrametrin), piperonil butox and ivermectinn. Four experiments had been lead for therapeutical evaluation of the new association, comparativily to the formulation acquired in the market. For the evaluation against ticks and flea, two experiments had been lead. In the first assay, 21 dogs naturally infested by Rhipicephalus sanguineus, selected by means of two consecutive countings, were shuffted and randomly put into three groups of seven animals each. In the second assay, 21 selected dogs were allocated randomly, also, in three groups of seven animals each. Artificial infestations had been carried through in days -4, -2, 6, 13, 20, 27 and 34 with Ctenocephalides felis felis (100 fleas) and in days -1, 6, 13, 20, 27 and 34 with R. sanguineus (30 ticks). In the two experiments the new formulation was compared with the association D-fenotrin 78.125%+ piriproxifen 2.575%. The scabies effectiveness of the new experimental formulation, comparativily to selamectin 12%, was evaluated in 15 dogs naturally infested by S. scabiei var. canis. Cutaneous scrapings and clinical evaluations (regression of the skin injuries) had been carried through, in all the experimental dogs. For antihelmintic evaluation, 24 dogs had been selected by means of the coprology examinations and distributed in three groups of eight animals each. The egg countings of nematodes for gram of fezes (EPG) had been carried through in days -3, -2, -1 (election of the animals) and 1, 3, 7, 10 and 14 post-treatment. The new experimental formulation was compared with the selamectina 12%...(Complete abstract, acess undermentioned eletronic address)
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Ferreira, Luciana Raffi Menegaldo. "Parasitas gastrointestinais de Peltocephalus dumerilianus no Parque Nacional do Jaú, Barcelos, Amazonas : taxonomia-alfa e aspectos da relação parasita-hospedeiro /." Jaboticabal, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/141535.
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Orientador: Estevam Guilherme Lux HoppeBanca: Marcos Rogério André
Banca: Adjair Antônio do Nascimento
Banca: Daniel Fontana Ferreira Cardia
Banca: Wilson Gómez Manrique
Resumo: Peltocephalus dumerilianus (Chelonia: Podocnemididae) é um quelônio amplamente distribuído na Bacia Amazônica, encontrado preferencialmente em rios, igapós e lagos de água preta. Ocorrem em simpatria com outros animais da família Podocnemididae, embora sofram menor pressão cinegética por concentrarem seus ninhos em locais mais reclusos, no interior das florestas de igapó. Apesar de sua ampla distribuição e importância como fonte de proteína para os moradores da Amazônia, são raras as pesquisas relacionadas à patógenos desses répteis, inclusive de helmintos parasitos, fato que motivou este projeto. Para o estudo da helmintofauna de P. dumerilianus, 21 espécimes foram obtidos através de caça de subsistência na comunidade Tapiíra, situada às margens do rio Unini e inserida no Parque Nacional do Jaú, Barcelos, Estado do Amazonas, região bastante preservada e caracterizada por diversas Unidades de Conservação de Uso Sustentável e de Uso Integral. Após a colheita do conteúdo gastrointestinal, os helmintos obtidos foram identificados por métodos morfológicos de rotina aliados a estudos com microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Foram identificados espécies de nematódeos, Ancyracanthus pinnatifidus, Paratractis hystrix, Atractis trematophila, Klossinemella conciliatus, e mais três espécies indeterminadas do gênero Klossinemella. Também foram identificados os digenéticos Nematophila grandis, Helicotrema spirale e Telorchis hagmanni. Os resultados apresentados en... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Peltocephalus dumerilianus (Chelonia: Podocnemididae) is a chelonian widely distributed in the Amazon Basin, preferably found in rivers, flooded forests and black water lakes. Occur sympatric with other animals Podocnemididae family, although they suffer less pressure hunting by concentrating their nests in more prisoners locations within igapó forests. Despite its wide distribution and importance as a protein source for the inhabitants of the Amazon are few studies related to pathogens such animals, including helminth parasites, a fact that motivated this project. For the study of helminth parasites of P. dumerilianus, 21 specimens were obtained through subsistence hunting in Tapiíra community, situated on the banks of the river Unini and inserted in the Jau National Park, Barcelos, State of Amazonas; region well preserved and characterized by several Conservation Units of Sustainable Use and Full Use. After harvesting of gastrointestinal contents, helminths obtained were identified by traditional morphological methods combined with studies with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Four species of nematodes were identified, Ancyracanthus pinnatifidus, Paratractis hystrix, Atractis trematophila, Klossinemella conciliatus, and more three undetermined species of the genus Klossinemella. Also were identified digeneas Nematophila grandis, Helicotrema spirale and Telorchis hagmanni. The results presented enrich the knowledge of the Amazon parasitic biodiversity and demonstrate aspe... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Gordon, David M. "Population dynamics of a host-parasitoid system with particular reference to age-structure effects." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=75358.
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An experimental study of laboratory populations of the stored-products moth, Cadra cautella (Lepidoptera: Phycitidae) and its larval parasitoid, Venturia canescens (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) identified and quantified density- and age-dependent demographic characteristics of the host-parasitoid system. Host imago longevity and fecundity depended on larval weight at pupation. Observed effects of C. cautella larval competition for food on larval mortality, stage duration, and weight at pupation were successfully captured in a mathematical model. Host larval age significantly influenced inter-stage cannibalism and susceptibility to mortality resulting from parasitoid oviposition wounds. Both larval parasitoid developmental rates and adult parasitoid attack rates depended on host larval age. Long-term population experiments of host and host-parasitoid populations revealed that host populations fluctuated with a period slightly in excess of host generation time and that parasitoid populations were in synchrony with host populations.