Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Parasites – Insects'
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Borghesan, Tarcilla Corrente. "Diversidade e filogenia de tripanossomatídeos parasitas de dípteros." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42135/tde-03062014-105719/.
Full textTrypanosomatidae comprises obligate parasites of vertebrates, plants and invertebrates, the species exclusive of insects infect mostly dipterans and hemipterans. We revise the taxonomy of Herpetomonas and Symbiont Harboring Trypanosomatids (SHTs), by comparing trypanosomatids from South America and Africa. The phylogenies disclosed two new species and revalidated the genera Strigomonas and Angomonas. Phylogenetic analyses revealed 3 new species of proteobacterial endosymbionts and support a co-divergent host-symbiont evolutionary history. DNA barcoding of 364 cultures from flies identified 70 cultures (20%) as Angomonas, 71% of them from Calliphoridae. The recent dispersion of calliphorids was important in the dispersal of Angomonas worldwide. The genus Herpetomonas now comprises 13 valid species including 5 new species. Some species of Herpetomonas are generalist parasites of flies and appear to be as cosmopolitan as their hosts. The proposed taxa may help to elaborate more efficient criteria for a better classification of the Trypanosomatidae.
Asgari, Sassan. "Cotesia rubecula Polydnavirus-specific gene expression in the host Pieris rapae." Title page, contents and summary only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ACP/09acpa818.pdf.
Full textMatheson, Mary M. "Insects associated with cattle dung in Southern Quebec." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63895.
Full textCatteruccia, Flaminia. "Systematic attempts to develop gene transfer technology for anopheline mosquitoes." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323867.
Full textBarrault, Denise Viviane. "The putative role of humoral antibacterial peptides on Onchocerca spp. transmission by simuliids (Diptera: Simuliidae)." Thesis, Keele University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311729.
Full textTerenius, Olle. "Anti-parasitic and anti-viral immune responses in insects." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Institutionen för genetik, mikrobiologi och toxikologi, Univ, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-224.
Full textWalter, Cheryl Tracy. "Establishing experimental systems for studying the replication biology of Providence virus." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003987.
Full textITEPAN, NATANAEL M. "Aplicacao da tecnica de fluorescencia de raios X na marcacao com Mn, Sr e Cu, do parasitoide e do hospedeiro: Muscidifurax uniraptor Kogan e Legner, 1970 (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) e Musca domestica L., 1758 (Diptera: Muscidae)." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2003. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11144.
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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
Strasevicius, Darius. "Indirect effects of river regulation : consequences for landbirds of reduced numbers of aquatic insects." Doctoral thesis, Umeå University, Ecology and Environmental Science, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1107.
Full textAbstrakt: Jag har undersökt hur älvreglering påverkar mängden knott (Tvåvingar: Simuliidae) längs flera norrlandsälvar och vilka konsekvenser denna påverkan får för den landlevande fågelfaunan. Studien visar att utbyggnad av älvar har en negativ effekt på mängden knott. Det fanns sju gånger högre tätheter av knott längs "orörda älvar" jämfört med utbyggda älvar.
Skillnaden i antal knott mellan älvtyperna var mycket större för knotthanar än för knotthonor, vilket förklaras av att honorna är rörligare eftersom de flyger och letar efter blod. Knott lever av blod från ett flertal däggdjur och fåglar och visar en stor variation i värd-specificitet mellan olika arter. Jag fann en högre frekvens av haemosporida blod parasiter (Leucocytozoon) i fåglar längs "orörda" Vindelälven jämfört med den reglerade Umeälven. Detta mönster stämmer väl överens med tätheten fågelparasiterande knott som är lägre längs Umeälven. Knott attackerade främst värdar som var stora och vanliga. Fågelsamhällets sammansättning skiljde sig mellan orörda och utbyggda älvdalar. Tätheten av icke insektsätande fåglar tenderade att minska, efter häcksäsongen, längs orörda älvar medan den ökade längs utbyggda älvar. Den insektsätande fågeln svartvit flugsnappare (Ficedula hypoleuca Pallas) uppvisade större häckningsframgång längs orörda älvar jämfört med utbyggda älvar. Detta är förmodligen en effekt av den större mängden insekter som finns längs orörda älvar.
The effects of river regulation on blackfly (Diptera: Simuliidae) abundances and consequences for the avifauna in terrestrial environments were studied along multiple rivers in northern Sweden. I found that impoundment of rivers has detrimental effect to blackfly abundances. The densities of large-river breeding blackfly species were several-fold higher along free-flowing than along regulated rivers. The difference in abundances was much larger in males than blood-seeking females. Blackflies attacked a variety of mammalian and avian hosts and showed different levels of host-specificity between species. I found higher prevalence of haemosporidian blood parasites (Leucocytozoon) in birds along the free-flowing Vindel River in comparison to the regulated Ume River, where the lower densities of ornithophilic blackflies were reduced. Blood-seeking blackflies predominantly attacked large and/abundant hosts.
Assemblages of birds differed between valleys of regulated and free-flowing rivers. Densities of noninsectivorous birds tended to decrease along free-flowing rivers in the post-breeding season, but increased along regulated rivers at the same time. Insectivorous European pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca Pallas) showed greater fledging success along free-flowing than regulated rivers, which probably reflects the higher insect abundances found along freeflowing rivers.
Mosiane, M. S. "Diamondback Moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae ), and Other Insects of Canola, Brassica napus L., in Gauteng Province, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018250.
Full textGrenier, Simon. "Biologie et physiologie des relations hôtes-parasitoïdes chez 3 tachinaires (Diptera, Tachinidae) d'intérêt agronomique : développement en milieux artificiels : lutte biologique." Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO10004.
Full textLattorff, Hans Michael Georg [Verfasser], Robin Frederik Alexander [Akademischer Betreuer] Moritz, Paul [Akademischer Betreuer] Schmid-Hempel, and Mark J. F. [Akademischer Betreuer] Brown. "The other side of sociality : susceptibility to parasites in social insects ; [kumulative Habil.-Schr.] / Hans Michael Georg Lattorff. Betreuer: Robin Frederik Alexander Moritz ; Paul Schmid-Hempel ; Mark J. F. Brown." Halle, Saale : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1031421270/34.
Full textGuiguet, Antoine. "Origine évolutive et bases moléculaires du mode de vie galligène chez les Gracillariidae." Thesis, Tours, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUR4005.
Full textThe aim of my thesis was to study the evolutionary processes that led to the evolution of the gall-inducing lifestyle and to look for effectors involved in the induction of galls in the Gracillariidae family (Lepidoptera) with a particular focus on two species, Borboryctis euryae and Caloptilia cecidophora. We have demonstrated that these two species have a particular intermediate life-style between leaf-miner and gall-inducer. The proliferative tissue in the B. euryae mine is similar to a gall and the larvae of C. cecidophora undergo a transition from leaf-miner to gall-inducer during their development. Field work has uncovered new gall-inducing Caloptilia species, and their phylogenetic study has shown that they form a monophyletic group. Finally, exploiting the transition of feeding habit of C. cecidophora as well as its phylogenetic context, we applied a comparative intra- and inter-species transcriptomic approach to search for candidate effectors involved in gall induction
Lang-Combescot, Catherine. "Etude de l'activité reproductrice d'un ectoparasitoi͏̈de solitaire, Dinarmus basalis (Rondani, 1877) (Hym. :Pteromalidae) et de ses relations avec son hôte, Callosobruchus maculatus (F. 1775) (Col. :Bruchidae)." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20136.
Full textPrudent, Patrick. "Etude bio-écologique d'Eutinobothrus brasiliensis (HAMBL)(Coleoptera : Curculionidae), foreur de tige du cotonnier au Paraguay." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU30252.
Full textRaczkowski, Joseph Martin. "Phylogeny and founding stage of Lasius (Acanthomyops) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1221749471.
Full textSayegh, Raphael Santa Rosa. "Purificação e caracterização de peptídeos antimicrobianos presentes na hemolinfa de Acutisoma longipes (Gonyleptidae; Opiliones)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-14092011-102621/.
Full textThe arthropods immune system, in contrast to the vertebrates one, lacks a response to antigens through the production of specific immunoglobulins to fight against infectious agents. Therefore, the adaptive immunity is absent, and their immune system is only supported by an innate response. The mechanisms present in the arthropods innate immune response include: (i) the clotting system; (ii) the prophenoloxidase cascade; (ii) the release of molecules that can directly act against microorganisms among them, the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). These molecules can be constitutive, as observed in arachnids, or have their expression induced upon imune challenge, as observed in some insects. AMPs are amphipathic molecules, usually cationic and formed by 9 to 100 residues. The study of these peptides, besides allowing the discovery of new molecules that exert their mode of action alternatively from the conventional antibiotics, permits a wider understanding of the immunological system from different groups of animals, as well as the origin of their mechanisms in the evolutionary history. The harvestman Acutisoma longipes was used in this work as na experimental model for the characterization of AMPs from its haemolymph, taking into account that there are no records of using representatives of the Opiliones order in such kind of study. Firstly, it was demonstrated the occurrence of several fractions, obtained from the haemolymph purification, that presented anti-M. luteus activity, consisted by peptides that are apparently constitutive. One of these fractions was pure and presented a 2.1 kDa peptide which had its primary structure, composed by 18 residues, completely elucidated by de novo and N-terminal sequencing (SGYLPGKEYVYKYKGKVF). This linear peptide was named longipin. The synthetic peptide presented antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Micrococcus luteus bacteria and Candida albicans and C. tropicalis yeasts, in addition to the absence of hemolytic activity at the highest concentration used (100mM). It was shown that longipin preferentially binds to large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs), constituted by anionic phospholipds (POPG), that mimics the membrane surface of microbe cells. The peptide biding to LUVs composed, in 1:1 molar ratio, by POPG and POPC (zwitterionic) causes dye leakage (carboxyfluorescein) from their inside. This peptide in solution or in the presence of POPC solely containing mimic system is mostly unstructured. However, upon its binding to POPG:POPC 1:1, it adopts b and intermolecular aggregates amyloid-like fibrils structures.
Vinchon, Sophie. "Identification moléculaire des agents de la virulence chez les Hyménoptères Braconides parasitoïdes de drosophiles." Amiens, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AMIE0105.
Full textIn order to assure the parasitic success, endophagous parasitoids have developed varied and diverse factors that can manipulate the physiology of the host. Indeed, many parasitoids alter development or physiology of their hosts by injecting them with substances like venom or ovarian fluid. The parasitic wasps of the genus Asobara is a very interesting group because of their different parasitism strategies toward their host fruit flies. The aim of this thesis was to investigate factors used in these strategies of parasitism. We are interested in two species of the genus Asobara. We have realized in both parasitoids, Asobara tabida and Asobara japonica, an ultrastructural study of venom glands, which are organelles produced factors that regulate immunity and physiology of the host, and a study of transcripts from these organelles. The composition of the venom protein A. Tabida is relatively small compared to A. Japonica, which has a rich venom protein with significant detrimental effects on the physiology of Drosophila larvae. This allowed us to show that these two species, although belonging to the same genus, show different profiles of proteins and therefore different transcripts. Asobara tabida is distinguished from others by its virulence strategy termed "passive" or to immunoevasion. In this case, there is no direct alteration of the physiology of the host. However, this species is able to parasitize larvae of Drosophila melanogaster with eggs that have properties of adhesion and which are embedded with the host tissue after oviposition. At this time, only the adhesive properties of the eggs have demonstrated a role in the virulence of this parasitoid. It should be noted that a slight paralysis of the host was also observed in this species but it is transitional and should make a small contribution in the successful parasite. We are interested in Asobara tabida's venom and its composition. We have shown that the venom of this species has many proteins, one of which we cloned a gene. This protein, named aspartylglucosaminidase (AtAGA), are a major component of the venom and is an enzyme found in other organisms, where it is generally lysosomal. The results arising from tests performed on the AtAGA we have to characterize this enzyme. However the function of the AtAGA remains unknown but several hypotheses about its role in parasitoid-host relationship is not excluded. Moreover, analyses of venomous protein purification and sequencing have been initiated in the parasitoid A. Japonica. These different approaches show that there is a diversity of strategies and agents of virulence at an interspecific level. Parasitoids, which are subject to the defences of the host, have adapted their virulence capacity to variations in host resistance. Diversity of strategies and agents is the result of the evolution of parasitoid, but also the evolution of its host where it is dependent
Wajnberg, Éric. "Interactions démographiques et génétiques entre la drosophile (Drosophila melanogaster Meigen) et ses parasites larvaires hyménoptères." Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO19031.
Full textRochat, Jacques. "Modélisation d'un système hôte-parasitoïde en lâcher inoculatif : application au couple Aphis gossypii - Lysiphlebus testaceipes en serre de concombre." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10196.
Full textQu, Yanyan. "Interactions indirectes médiées par la plante sous contraintes biotiques multiples." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://theses.univ-cotedazur.fr/2019AZUR6035.
Full textIn the agroecosystem, plant crops are the primary trophic producer that can be consumed/parasitized by a plethora of organisms, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, nematodes and many herbivore insects. On one hand, plants support these organisms as food resources; on the other hand, plants defend themselves against those consumers by employing constitutive and induced defenses. Both features might be involved in plant-mediated indirect interactions when multiple pests share the same host plant. It means that the presence of one pest might have an indirect effect on another plant through the modification of some plant host features (nutritional quality or defense). During my Ph.D. study, I assessed the modulating factors (both abiotic and biotic factors) that might affect the plant-mediated indirect interactions, and also investigated the influences of such indirect interactions at long term and on a tri-trophic system, and finally analyzed the underlying phytochemical mechanisms by mechabolomics analyses. Firstly, sublethal effects of beta-cypermethrin, a pyrethroid pesticide as the abiotic factor, were assessed on the interspecific interactions between the specialist aphid Aphis glycines, and the generalist aphid Aulacorthum solani on soybeans. Sublethal concentration (LC5) of beta-cypermethrin accelerated the interspecific competition between the two species of aphids. Induced susceptibility of soybean plants to one species of aphids caused by the other species would be significantly impaired by the exposure to sublethal beta-cypermethrin.Secondly, various pest species abundance and feeding strategies, i.e. the piercing-sucking aphid, the chewing caterpillar, the plant fungus and the root-knot nematode, were introduced on tomato plants, Solanum lycopersicum to evaluate the plant-mediated indirect interactions among these pests. In the results, insect performances, i.e. the number of aphid individuals and development rate of caterpillar larva, were correlated to the abundance of indirect interactions whether pests attacked tomato plants sequentially or simultaneously. When pests attacked tomato plants at the same time, insect performances were positively correlated to the abundance of indirect interactions. Nevertheless, when pests infested tomato plants in sequence, the insect performances were negatively correlated to the abundance of indirect interactions. However, such a correlation was not detected with the pathogenic organisms (fungi and nematodes). Thirdly, the population dynamic of aphid M. euphorbiae was also monitored under a tri-trophic system. We found that the aphid population, involved in the above-belowground interactions, slowed down in both the short term and long term via reduced survival of nymph aphids and facilitating induction of winged aphids. Furthermore, parasitism efficiency of the natural enemy Aphidius ervi to aphids and tomato yields were also reduced by such above-belowground interactions. Lastly, following an untargeted metabolomic approach, we detected many significant chemical variations between non-infested and infested plants, disregarding the pest infestation. Most of them are probably induced by the presence of nematodes, the only belowground pest. On the opposite, we did not observe many chemical differences in roots metabolome when we compared the different types of infestation, meaning that the presence of nematodes probably lead the metabolomic signal in infested roots, disregarding the presence of other pests aboveground. All the studies may contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the diverse interactions among plants, pesticides, various pests, and natural enemies, and optimizing the integrated pest management in the agroecosystem
Akbulut, Süleyman. "Effect of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematod:Aphelenchoididae) fourth stage dispersal of juveniles and log seasonality on life processes of Monochamus carolinensis (Coleoptera:Cerambycidae) /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9901211.
Full textDoury, Géraldine. "L'installation du parasitisme chez un hyménoptère ectoparasitoïde solitaire, Eupelmus orientalis (CRW) (Eupelmidae) : aspects comportementaux, physiologiques et moléculaires." Tours, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOUR4009.
Full textConchou, Lucie. "Les odeurs dans les interactions plantes-insectes au-delà de la communication. Application au modèle Ficus-pollinisateurs-parasites et conséquences pour la compréhension des processus de coévolution." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20121/document.
Full textThe scents emitted by plants are often interpreted in the light of their interaction with pollinators, phytophagous insects and their natural ennemies, as communication signals whose function is to attract or repel those insects. However, according to the adaptive definition of communication, a trait can be called “signal” only if it has been selected for the sensory interaction with a receptor. In addition, it has been shown that the volatile organic compounds (VOC) emitted by leaves participate to the defense of the plant against abiotic (especially oxidative/heat stress) and biotic stresses (pathogens, induction of defenses). The idea underlying this thesis it to put all all the contexts of emission and functions together within a common framework. Using the fig-pollinator-parasite model, the approach I choose was to compare the variation of fig scent with that of leaf scent, along their development and daily. In both cases, leaf scent is a control trait that allows to determine if the variations observed in figs are possibly adaptive regarding the interaction with insects, and to explicitely consider the potential functions of the scents emitted out of receptivity. Stress-protective functions that are evidenced in leaf scents are thus also relevant in figs. Then, the fact that communication is not relevant to describe the role of scents in the fig-parasite interaction led me to develop a reflection on the way phytophagous insects and their natural enemies could influence the evolution of plant scents. Finally, in the case of fig-pollinator communication, studying the case of Ficus septica, that is associated to two co-occuring ecologically differenciated pollinators, allows to imagine a potential co-speciation mechanism, where the divergence of communication mode would contribute to the establishment of reproductive isolation
Finidori-Logli, Valérie. "Ecologie chimique de Diglyphus isaea Walker (Hyménoptera Eulophidae)." Aix-Marseille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX11009.
Full textPastok, Daria. "Causes of spatial variation in parasite and pathogen pressure in insects." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2015. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2029362/.
Full textMichalakis, Ioannis. "Evolution des systèmes plantes hôtes - insectes parasites : approche théorique et expérimentale." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20008.
Full textChaibou, Ibrahima Mahamadou. "Aspects biologiques et électrophysiologiques de la communication olfactive chez Caryedon serratus : relations intraspécifiques : la phéromone sexuelle, et interspécifiques : les plantes-hôtes." Tours, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOUR4003.
Full textLeclant, Sylvie. "Étude morphologique, biologique et éthologique d'Hyménoptères Eulophidae endoparasitoi͏̈des nymphaux : cas particulier de Tetrastichus ayyari Rohwer, 1921 et de Tetrastichus israeli (Mani et Kurian, 1953)." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20135.
Full textHita, Meseguer Maria Teresa. "Caracterización genética y molecular de un gen de resistencia específica de Drosophila melanogaster al himenóptero parásito Leptopilina boulardi." Tours, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOUR4014.
Full textDugaw, Christopher James. "Dynamics of a soil-dwelling parasite and its insect host /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2003. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
Full textRoggia, Samuel. "Caracterização de fatores determinantes dos aumentos populacionais de ácaros tetraniquídeos em soja." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-29112010-090801/.
Full textSpider mites are secondary pests of soybean, however, recently outbreaks has frequently been reported on different producing regions of Brazil. Experiments were carried out in field and laboratory aiming to determine the main factors associates with spider mite outbreaks in soybean. To determine if genetically modified (GM) soybean varieties are more susceptible to spider mites, the life cycle and life table of the mites Mononychellus planki and Tetranychus urticae was studied on three GM soybean cultivars glyphosate-tolerant and three non-transgenic cultivars genetically similar to the transgenic ones. Toxicological tests were carried out in laboratory with pesticides commonly used in soybean to determine the pesticide effect on important natural enemies of spider mites and soybean catterpillars, the fungi Neozygites floridana and Nomuraea rileyi, respectively. In the field during two growing seasons (2007/2008 and 2008/2009), the effects of five plant protection managements were studied on the population dynamics of spider mites, caterpillars, stink bugs and some of their natural enemies. The transgenic cultivars did not significantly affect the life cycle parameters of M. planki e T. urticae and differences observed for some life table parameters between cultivars are not related to the genetic modification. Evaluation of the effect of pesticides on the pathogens showed that the fungicide Alto 100 and the herbicide Roundup Ready inhibited the mycelial growth of N. rileyi. Against N. floridana, all fungicides with strobilurins completely inhibited sporulation, while the triazole products hence showed intermediate rates of sporulation and conidia germination. The spider mite M. planki was more abundant than T. urticae in the field. The predatory mite Neoseiulus anonymus and the fungus N. floridana were the main natural enemies associated to these mite pests. The fungicides Priori Xtra and Alto 100 reduced the prevalence of N. floridana, though this pesticide did not negatively affected N. anonymus. The pyrethroid insecticide Decis 25 EC reduced the density of this predator, but did not affect the fungus. The treatment where fungicides and the insecticide were applied, increases on populations of phytophagous mites were observed. Spraying of the herbicide glyphosate did not affect N. anonymus and N. floridana, and the presence of weeds favored the predator. Higher population peaks of Anticarsia gemmatalis were associated with fungicide applications in 2008/09 and higher densities of Pseudoplusia includens were observed in treatment with Decis 25 EC. This insecticide also negatively affected the density of predatory insects and resulted on higher densities of stink bugs. The herbicide glyphosate did not affect density of pests and natural enemies; however, the presence of weeds favored insect predators, and resulted on lower populations of stink bugs. Overall, the field studies indicate that the use of fungicides and insecticides are important factors associated to spider mite outbreaks in soybean.
Huot, Louise. "Analyse moléculaire de la réponse immunitaire du lépidoptère Spodoptera frugiperda au complexe nématobactérien entomopathogène Steinernema carpocapsae-Xenorhabdus nematophila." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTG084.
Full textEntomopathogenic nematobacterial complexes (NBCs) are natural symbiotic associations between nematodes and bacteria that are pathogenic for insects. In these associations, the bacterial partner uses the nematode as a vector, which transports it in the soil and releases it inside the insect’s body. The bacterium then increases the NBC’s virulence and is used as a food supply by the nematode partner in the insect’s dead body. Due to the originality of these dual pathogens and to their potential for biological control of insect crop pests, studies have been conducted on diverse aspects of their interactions with insects. These works have shown the ability of an NBC to infect and kill an insect depends on a combination of ecological and behavioral factors, as well as on the dialogue between the two partners of the NBC and the insect’s immune system. Insects possess an elaborate immune system which is able the respond by adapted ways to a huge diversity of infectious agents. This system relies on three main components: epithelial barriers, local cellular and humoral responses and systemic humoral responses. A large number of strategies and factors used by NBCs to counteract these three components have already been identified in several NBC-insect interaction models. However, the study of the dialogue between each NBC partner and the hosts’ immune systems is currently suffering from a lack of knowledge of the signaling and molecular aspects of the insects’ immune responses to these dual infections.The first goal of this thesis was to increase this knowledge through a detailed and structured transcriptional analysis of the immune responses of a lepidopteran model, Spodoptera frugiperda, to one of the most studied NBCs, the S. carpocapsae-X. nematophila association. In the current scientific context, this work was mainly characterized by two methodologic novelties: the use of a topologic approach for the transcriptomic analysis of the induced immune responses to the infection by the NBC, and the use of an infection by injection method for the discrimination between the nematode- and the bacterium-induced immune responses. This work allowed the observation of a structured and highly resolutive picture of the induced immune responses, which will be used as a working base for (i) the functional characterization of the interactions of identified immune genes with each partner of the NBC, and (ii) for the detailed analysis of the molecular dialogue between the immune system of S. frugiperda and the NBC. Finally, this work also allowed the identification of two potential new clusters of immune genes, the GBHs and the UNKs, which are among the most overexpressed genes during the tripartite interaction. Our preliminary bioinformatics analyses and activity tests suggest the GBHs could have been acquired by horizontal gene transfer from bacteria and the UNKs could result from a coevolution between noctuids and some Steinernema-Xenorhabdus NBCs. This hypothesis opens new research trails for the understanding of the NBC-sensitivity variations within insect diversity
Butler, George D. Jr, Osama El-Lissy, and Larry Antilla. "Sweetpotato Whitefly Parasites Abundant in Some Cotton Fields During October." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/209573.
Full textMartins, Daniel J?nior. "Aspectos biol?gicos do parasitoide Palmistichus elaeisis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) em diferentes hospedeiros." UFVJM, 2016. http://acervo.ufvjm.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1434.
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Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)
A incid?ncia de lepid?pteros desfolhadores ? um dos fatores ambientais que podem regular a produtividade dos maci?os florestais. O parasitoide Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare & LaSalle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) se destaca pela efici?ncia no parasitismo de pupas desses lepid?pteros e auxiliam na manuten??o do equil?brio biol?gico. Esses podem ser criado em diferentes hospedeiros alternativos. Com isso, uma pesquisa foi conduzida no laborat?rio de Controle Biol?gico de Insetos do Departamento de Engenharia Florestal da Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM) em Diamantina, Minas Gerais. Objetivou-se neste trabalho, avaliar a efici?ncia de diferentes hospedeiros para a cria??o de Palmistichus elaeisis e estudar desempenho deste parasitoide em pupas de Tenebrio molitor criado em diferentes dietas. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado (DIC), em sala climatizada temperatura variando ente 23 e 27?C, umidade relativa entre 60 e 80% e fotoper?odo de 12 horas. O primeiro estudo ensaio constituiu-se seis tratamentos e nove repeti??es. Pupas de Tenebrio molitor, Alphitobius diaperinus, Thyrinteina arnobia, Spodoptera frugiperda, Helicoverpa zea e Diatraea saccharalis foram individualizadas em potes pl?sticos e expostas ao parasitismo por seis f?meas durante 72h. Foi observado a porcentagem de parasitismo e emerg?ncia, n?mero de indiv?duos emergidos, raz?o sexual, longevidade e morfometria de P. elaeisis. Os dados foram submetidos a ANOVA e quando significativos as m?dias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (p?0,05), ou teste kruskal Wallis (p?0,05) quando n?o-param?trico. A porcentagem de parasitismo variou de 88,8 a 100%. O n?mero da prole e tamanho do parasitoide foi influenciado pela biomassa do hospedeiro. A raz?o sexual variou de 0,76?0,04 a 0,94?0,01, e os maiores ciclos de desenvolvimento do parasitoide produziram prole mais longeva. Pupas de A. diaperinus n?o permitiram um bom desempenho de P. elaeisis na densidade testada. O segundo ensaio constituiu-se seis tratamentos e 10 repeti??es. Pupas de T. molitor geradas em seis dietas (farelo de trigo, fub? de milho, ra??o peletizada para coelhos, ra??o para aves poedeiras: farelada, peletizada e triturada) foram individualizadas em potes pl?sticos e expostas ao parasitismo por seis f?meas de P. elaeisis durante 72h. Foram observados os mesmos par?metros do primeiro estudo para o parasitoide. Al?m disso, foi realizada uma an?lise bromatol?gica das pupas de T. molitor e das dietas. A porcentagem de parasitismo e emerg?ncia foi de 100% em todos os tratamentos. N?o houve diferen?a no ciclo de vida, n?mero da prole e longevidade do parasitoide. Pupas alimentadas com fub? de milho geraram prole com menor raz?o sexual e menor comprimento da t?bia. A dieta a base de fub? de milho n?o foi adequada para o desenvolvimento de P. elaeisis.
Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2016.
The incidence of defoliating lepidoptera is one of the factors that can regulate the production of forest stands. The parasitoid Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare & LaSalle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) stands out for the efficiency in the parasitism of pupae of these lepidoptera and helps in maintaining the biological balance. These can be created in different alternative hosts. With this, a research was developed in the laboratory of Biological Control of Insects of the Department of Forestry Department of the Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys in Diamantina, Minas Gerais. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of different hosts for the creation of Palmistichus elaeisis and to study the performance of this parasitoid in pupae of Tenebrio molitor grown on different diets. The experimental design was completely randomized (CRD), in a heated room with temperature ranging from 23and 27?C, relative humidity between 60 and 80 % and photoperiod of 12 hours. The first assay consisted if six treatments and nine replications. Pupae of Tenebrio molitor, Alphitobius diaperinus Thyrinteina arnobia, Spodoptera frugiperda, Helicoverpa zea e Diatraea saccharalis they were individually placed in plastic pots and exposed to parasitism by six females during 72h. It was observed percentage of parasitism and emergence, number of emerged individuals, sexual ratio, longevity and morphometry P. elaeisis. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and when significant means were compared by Tukey test (p?0,05) or Kruskal Wallis test (p?0,05) when nonparametric. The percentage of parasitism ranged from 88,8 to 100 %. The number of offspring and parasitoid size was influenced by the biomass of the host, the sex ratio varied from 0,76?0,04 a 0,94?0,01, and the more parasitoid development cycles produced more offspring longeva. Pupae of A. diaperinus did not allow a good performance P. elaeisis tested in density. The second assay consisted if six treatments and 10 repetitions. Pupae of T. molitor generated in six different diets (wheat bran, cornmeal, pelleted feed for rabbits, for laying birds: farewell pelleted and crushed) they were individually placed in plastic pots and exposed to parasitism by six females during 72h. Were observed the same parameters of the first study for parasitoid furthermore, we carried out a bromatological analysis of T. molitor pupae and diets. The percentage of parasitism and emergency was 100 % in both treatments there was no difference the life cycle of the offspring number and longevity of the parasitoid. Pupae formed with corn meal generated offspring less sex reason and shorter length of the tibia. A diet based on corn meal was not suitable for development P. elaeisis.
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Full textBodin, Aurélie. "Modulation du comportement de recherche de l'hôte chez les insectes hématophages : importance des facteurs endogènes." Thesis, Tours, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOUR4019/document.
Full textAnimals have evolved different optimal strategies to minimize predation risks while searching for food. In haematophagous insects, host-seeking is guided by different host stimuli. An important modulation of the perception systems associated to host localization has been observed as function of behaviour and activity rhythms of the host which can be a prey or a predator. We characterize the endogenous factors which could modulate the host-seeking behaviour in the haematophagous bug Rhodnius prolixus. There is a specific modulation of the behavioural response to different odours as function of daytime. Furthermore, host-seeking could be modulated by the physiological state of the bugs (developmental and nutritional state). Physiological and behavioural mechanisms have been selected to inhibit the host-seeking when it is not necessary for the bugs to be exposed to hosts
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Full textHurd, H. "Hymenolepis diminuta : The pathophysiology of infection in the intermediate host, Tenebrio molitor." Thesis, Keele University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.354932.
Full textBodin, Aurélie Lazzari Claudio. "Modulation du comportement de recherche de l'hôte chez les insectes hématophages Importance des facteurs endogènes. /." S. l. : S. n, 2008. http://theses.abes.fr/2008TOUR4019.
Full textAl, Rustamani Hind Abdul Wahed Hassen. "Characterisation of two constitutively expressed proteins in two trypanosomatid species." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321901.
Full textAshworth, Jeremy R. "Towards the development of an attractive target for the sheep blowfly, Lucilia sericata Meigen (Diptera: Calliphoridae)." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294931.
Full textMaazouz, Samira. "Etude des interactions entre l'Hyménoptère Braconidé Cotesia sesamiae (Cameron, 1906), le virus de la polyédrose nucléaire de Sesamia calamistis Hampson, 1910, Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, le virus de la polyédrose nucléaire de Mamestra brassicae (Linnaeus, 1758), Lepidoptera, Noctuidae et deux virus de polyédroses cytoplasmiques de Sesamia calamistis chez les chenilles de Sesamia calamistis." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20030.
Full textNakase, Yuta. "Manipulation of host behavior and host-associated diversification in strepsipteran insects." Kyoto University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/188795.
Full text0048
新制・課程博士
博士(人間・環境学)
甲第18357号
人博第670号
新制||人||161(附属図書館)
25||人博||670(吉田南総合図書館)
31215
京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科相関環境学専攻
(主査)教授 加藤 眞, 教授 松井 正文, 教授 市岡 孝朗
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Allen, Geoffrey Rowland. "Behaviour and ecology of the primary parasitoids Cotesia urabae and Dolichogenidia eucalypti (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and their host Uraba lugens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)." Title page, contents and preface only, 1989. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pha425.pdf.
Full textFleury, Frédéric. "Les rythmes circadiens d'activité chez les hyménoptères parasitoïdes de drosophiles : variabilité, déterminisme génétique, signification écologique." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10071.
Full textDavis, A. J. "The host finding behaviour of the parasitoids of lepidopteran Larvae feeding on stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.)." Thesis, Bucks New University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380290.
Full textDederer, Helene [Verfasser], and Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Ilg. "Nicotinic receptors of parasitic insects : biochemical and pharmacological studies / Helene Dederer ; Betreuer: Thomas Ilg." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1196800677/34.
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