Relevant bibliographies by topics / Parasites – Insects / Journal articles
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Parasites – Insects.

Journal articles on the topic 'Parasites – Insects'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Parasites – Insects.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

MARTÍNEZ–DE LA PUENTE, J., J. MARTÍNEZ, J. RIVERO-DE-AGUILAR, S. DEL CERRO, and S. MERINO. "Vector abundance determines Trypanosoma prevalence in nestling blue tits." Parasitology 140, no. 8 (April 18, 2013): 1009–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182013000371.

Full text
Abstract:
SUMMARYThe effect of insect vectors on avian exposure to infection by pathogens remains poorly studied. Here, we used an insect repellent treatment to reduce the number of blood-sucking flying insects in blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus nests and examined its effect on nestling health status measured as body mass, nestling phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) response and blood parasite prevalence. We found that (i) the insect repellent treatment significantly reduced the number of blood-sucking flying insects in nests and (ii) the number of blood-sucking flying insects had a significant effect on the prevalence of the blood parasite Trypanosoma independently of the treatment. In addition, we found support for an adverse effect of parasite infections on nestling PHA response. Nestlings infected by Trypanosoma mounted a weaker response against PHA than non-parasitized ones. In addition, the number of blowflies in the nest was negatively associated with nestling PHA response. Overall, we found support for the hypothesis that blood-sucking flying insects attacking nestlings increase their exposure to parasite infections. Our results further substantiate the adverse effect of parasites on nestling condition.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Hurd, Hilary, and Richard Lane. "Parasite-insect interactions: reciprocal manipulation." Parasitology 116, S1 (1998): S1—S2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000084882.

Full text
Abstract:
It is probably a truism to say that what seems to be a single organism is, in fact, an assemblage of organisms – for there can hardly be an individual living outside a specialized laboratory that does not have commensals or parasites living within. The insects, the most diverse and numerous group of organisms on earth are no exception, and with micro- and macro-parasites from a wide range of taxa generate a remarkable range of interspecific associations. In some cases the insect is the sole host, in others it is an intermediate host or vector. It is the latter relationship which attracts much attention when insects and arachnids transmit infectious agents to humans, their animals or crops. Knowledge of the parasites of insects provides us with an opportunity to develop novel control methods for pests. Despite the diverse and widespread nature of insect infections, their impact on human well-being and the opportunity they give us to understand the complexity of the natural world, the subject remains a surprisingly neglected field. In this volume we endeavour to draw the veil from the 'black-box' approach to the insect stages of parasite life cycles to reveal some of the complexities of these relationships and how they are currently being analysed.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

RODRIGUES, JULIANA DE O., MARCELO G. LORENZO, OLINDO A. MARTINS-FILHO, SIMON L. ELLIOT, and ALESSANDRA A. GUARNERI. "Temperature and parasite life-history are important modulators of the outcome of Trypanosoma rangeli–Rhodnius prolixus interactions." Parasitology 143, no. 11 (June 17, 2016): 1459–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182016001062.

Full text
Abstract:
SUMMARYTrypanosoma rangeli is a protozoan parasite, which does not cause disease in humans, although it can produce different levels of pathogenicity to triatomines, their invertebrate hosts. We tested whether infection imposed a temperature-dependent cost on triatomine fitness using T. rangeli with different life histories. Parasites cultured only in liver infusion tryptose medium (cultured) and parasites exposed to cyclical passages through mice and triatomines (passaged) were used. We held infected insects at four temperatures between 21 and 30 °C and measured T. rangeli growth in vitro at the same temperatures in parallel. Overall, T. rangeli infection induced negative effects on insect fitness. In the case of cultured infection, parasite effects were temperature-dependent. Intermoult period, mortality rates and ecdysis success were affected in those insects exposed to lower temperatures (21 and 24 °C). For passaged-infected insects, the effects were independent of temperature, intermoult period being prolonged in all infected groups. Trypanosoma rangeli seem to be less tolerant to higher temperatures since cultured-infected insects showed a reduction in the infection rates and passaged-infected insects decreased the salivary gland infection rates in those insects submitted to 30 °C. In vitro growth of T. rangeli was consistent with these results.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Schmid-Hempel, P. "Parasites and social insects." Apidologie 26, no. 3 (1995): 255–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/apido:19950307.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Peña, Jennifer M., Mayra A. Carrillo, and Elissa A. Hallem. "Variation in the Susceptibility of Drosophila to Different Entomopathogenic Nematodes." Infection and Immunity 83, no. 3 (January 5, 2015): 1130–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.02740-14.

Full text
Abstract:
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) in the generaHeterorhabditisandSteinernemaare lethal parasites of insects that are of interest as models for understanding parasite-host interactions and as biocontrol agents for insect pests. EPNs harbor a bacterial endosymbiont in their gut that assists in insect killing. EPNs are capable of infecting and killing a wide range of insects, yet how the nematodes and their bacterial endosymbionts interact with the insect immune system is poorly understood. Here, we develop a versatile model system for understanding the insect immune response to parasitic nematode infection that consists of seven species of EPNs as model parasites and five species ofDrosophilafruit flies as model hosts. We show that the EPNSteinernema carpocapsae, which is widely used for insect control, is capable of infecting and killingD. melanogasterlarvae.S. carpocapsaeis associated with the bacteriumXenorhabdus nematophila, and we show thatX. nematophilainduces expression of a subset of antimicrobial peptide genes and suppresses the melanization response to the nematode. We further show that EPNs vary in their virulence towardD. melanogasterand thatDrosophilaspecies vary in their susceptibilities to EPN infection. Differences in virulence among different EPN-host combinations result from differences in both rates of infection and rates of postinfection survival. Our results establish a powerful model system for understanding mechanisms of host-parasite interactions and the insect immune response to parasitic nematode infection.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Grüter, Christoph, Evelien Jongepier, and Susanne Foitzik. "Insect societies fight back: the evolution of defensive traits against social parasites." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 373, no. 1751 (June 4, 2018): 20170200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0200.

Full text
Abstract:
Insect societies face many social parasites that exploit their altruistic behaviours or their resources. Due to the fitness costs these social parasites incur, hosts have evolved various behavioural, chemical, architectural and morphological defence traits. Similar to bacteria infecting multicellular hosts, social parasites have to successfully go through several steps to exploit their hosts. Here, we review how social insects try to interrupt this sequence of events. They can avoid parasite contact by choosing to nest in parasite-free locales or evade attacks by adapting their colony structure. Once social parasites attack, hosts attempt to detect them, which can be facilitated by adjustments in colony odour. If social parasites enter the nest, hosts can either aggressively defend their colony or take their young and flee. Nest structures are often shaped to prevent social parasite invasion or to safeguard host resources. Finally, if social parasites successfully establish themselves in host nests, hosts can rebel by killing the parasite brood or by reproducing in the parasites' presence. Hosts of social parasites can therefore develop multiple traits, leading to the evolution of complex defence portfolios of co-dependent traits. Social parasites can respond to these multi-level defences with counter-adaptations, potentially leading to geographical mosaics of coevolution. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Evolution of pathogen and parasite avoidance behaviours’.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Schmidt, O. "Parasites and pathogens of insects, vol. 1: Parasites." International Journal for Parasitology 24, no. 3 (May 1994): 439–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7519(94)90101-5.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

BROWN, M. J. F., Y. MORET, and P. SCHMID-HEMPEL. "Activation of host constitutive immune defence by an intestinal trypanosome parasite of bumble bees." Parasitology 126, no. 3 (March 2003): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182002002755.

Full text
Abstract:
Many parasites, including important species that affect humans and livestock, must survive the harsh environment of insect guts to complete their life-cycle. Hence, understanding how insects protect themselves against such parasites has immediate practical implications. Previously, such protection has been thought to consist mainly of mechanical structures and the action of lectins. However, recently it has become apparent that gut infections may interact with the host immune system in more complex ways. Here, using bumble bees, Bombus terrestris and their non-invasive gut trypanosome, Crithidia bombi, as a model system we investigated the effects of parasitic infection, host resources and the duration of infections on the host immune system. We found that infection doubled standing levels of immune defence in the haemolymph (the constitutive pro-phenoloxidase system), which is used as a first, general defence against parasites. However, physical separation of the parasite from the haemolymph suggests the presence of a messenger system between the gut and the genes that control the pro-phenoloxidase system. Surprisingly, we found no direct effect of host resource-stress or duration of the infection on the immune system. Our results suggest a novel and tactical response of insects to gut infections, demonstrating the complexity of such host–parasite systems.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Riley, M. A., and R. A. Goyer. "SEASONAL ABUNDANCE OF BENEFICIAL INSECTS AND IPS SPP. ENGRAVER BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) IN FELLED LOBLOLLY AND SLASH PINES IN LOUISIANA1." Journal of Entomological Science 23, no. 4 (October 1, 1988): 357–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-23.4.357.

Full text
Abstract:
Felled loblolly and slash pine trees were infested with Ips calligraphus (Germar) (80.2% of Ips population), I. avulsus (Eichhoff) (11.2%), and I. grandicollis (Eichhoff) (8.2%). A complex of beneficials associated with the Ips spp. broods consisted of 27 known or suspected insect predator species and 10 species of parasites. Predators comprised 98.8% and parasites 1.2% of the total beneficial insects collected. The predators Lonchaea sp. (Diptera: Lonchaeidae), Aulordum spp. (Coleoptera: Colydiidae), staphylinids and histerids (Coleoptera), and Scoloposcelis mississippensis (Drake and Harris) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) comprised 44.7, 6.8, 6.0, and 4.3%, respectively, of the total beneficial insect complex. The most abundant parasite was Roptrocerus eccoptogastri Ratzeburg, which accounted for 37.3% of all parasites but only 0.5% of the total beneficial insect complex. Abundance of both the beneficial insect complex and their Ips hosts was highest in trees felled in May and lowest in trees felled during August, suggesting a possible densitydependent relationship between the beneficials and the Ips spp. populations. Plegaderus sp. was the only species to show consistent preference for host tree, being more abundant in slash pine than on loblolly.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Jaronski, Stefan T., N. E. Beckage, S. N. Thompson, and B. A. Federici. "Parasites and Pathogens of Insects." Journal of Parasitology 80, no. 6 (December 1994): 1056. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3283462.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
11

Dasgupta, R., and B. Dasgupta. "Collembolan insects as potential parasites." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 84, no. 3 (May 1990): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(90)90354-h.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
12

Begon, Michael. "Parasites and pathogens of insects." Trends in Microbiology 2, no. 3 (March 1994): 102–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0966-842x(94)90545-2.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
13

Shapiro, Lillian L. M., Courtney C. Murdock, Gregory R. Jacobs, Rachel J. Thomas, and Matthew B. Thomas. "Larval food quantity affects the capacity of adult mosquitoes to transmit human malaria." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1834 (July 13, 2016): 20160298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.0298.

Full text
Abstract:
Adult traits of holometabolous insects are shaped by conditions experienced during larval development, which might impact interactions between adult insect hosts and parasites. However, the ecology of larval insects that vector disease remains poorly understood. Here, we used Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes and the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, to investigate whether larval conditions affect the capacity of adult mosquitoes to transmit malaria. We reared larvae in two groups; one group received a standard laboratory rearing diet, whereas the other received a reduced diet. Emerging adult females were then provided an infectious blood meal. We assessed mosquito longevity, parasite development rate and prevalence of infectious mosquitoes over time. Reduced larval food led to increased adult mortality and caused a delay in parasite development and a slowing in the rate at which parasites invaded the mosquito salivary glands, extending the time it took for mosquitoes to become infectious. Together, these effects increased transmission potential of mosquitoes in the high food regime by 260–330%. Such effects have not, to our knowledge, been shown previously for human malaria and highlight the importance of improving knowledge of larval ecology to better understand vector-borne disease transmission dynamics.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
14

Glupov, Viktor, Vyacheslav Martemyanov, and Vadim Kryukov. "Insect parasites in multicomponent systems and development of new bioinsecticides." BIO Web of Conferences 18 (2020): 00009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20201800009.

Full text
Abstract:
Stable and dynamic interactions among plants, herbivorous insects, parasites and associated microbes are formed in natural habitats. The study of these interactions in multicomponent models is required to develop integrated methods for the management of insect pest populations. In this work, we summarize our studies on the influence of different factors, such as hygrothermal conditions, host development, host microbiota, plant quality, and concomitant infections, on interactions between insects and their parasites, such as fungi, bacteria, viruses and parasitoids. Some approaches for developing complex products for biocontrol are also discussed. For example, the use of natural compounds with immunosuppressive effects may enhance the efficacy of microbial agents toward pest insects.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
15

Suhonen, Jukka, Jaakko J. Ilvonen, Tommi Nyman, and Jouni Sorvari. "Brood parasitism in eusocial insects (Hymenoptera): role of host geographical range size and phylogeny." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1769 (February 11, 2019): 20180203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0203.

Full text
Abstract:
Interspecific brood parasitism is common in many animal systems. Brood parasites enter the nests of other species and divert host resources for producing their own offspring, which can lead to strong antagonistic parasite–host coevolution. Here, we look at commonalities among social insect species that are victims of brood parasites, and use phylogenetic data and information on geographical range size to predict which species are most probably to fall victims to brood parasites in the future. In our analyses, we focus on three eusocial hymenopteran groups and their brood parasites: (i) bumblebees, (ii) Myrmica ants, and (iii) vespine and polistine wasps. In these groups, some, but not all, species are parasitized by obligate workerless inquilines that only produce reproductive-caste descendants. We find phylogenetic signals for geographical range size and the presence of parasites in bumblebees, but not in ants and wasps. Phylogenetic logistic regressions indicate that the probability of being attacked by one or more brood parasite species increases with the size of the geographical range in bumblebees, but the effect is statistically only marginally significant in ants. However, non-phylogenetic logistic regressions suggest that bumblebee species with the largest geographical range sizes may have a lower likelihood of harbouring social parasites than do hosts with medium-sized ranges. Our results provide new insights into the ecology and evolution of host–social parasite systems, and indicate that host phylogeny and geographical range size can be used to predict threats posed by social parasites, as well to design efficient conservation measures for both hosts and their parasites. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The coevolutionary biology of brood parasitism: from mechanism to pattern’.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
16

Poulin, R. "Evolution and phylogeny of behavioural manipulation of insect hosts by parasites." Parasitology 116, S1 (1998): S3—S11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000084894.

Full text
Abstract:
SummaryThe literature contains many examples of changes induced by parasites in the behaviour and/or other phenotypic traits of insects. From an evolutionary perspective, the nature of these changes is usually difficult to assess. Parasite-induced changes in host behaviour can be adaptations of either host or parasite, or they can be mere pathological consequences of infection. Of the many criteria and experimental tests necessary to distinguish between adaptations and non-selected consequences, two are particularly important: the demonstration of fitness benefits for either host or parasite associated with the behavioural change, and the elucidation of the proximate mechanism responsible for the behavioural change. Another approach can serve to identify adaptive changes in behaviour: mapping specific behavioural alterations on a phylogeny of either hosts or parasites. The usefulness of this approach is illustrated with two examples, acanthocephalan- cockroach associations and insect-fungus associations. The adaptive nature of parasite-induced behavioural changes will always be difficult to evaluate because they are the product of two distinct but interacting genotypes. However, experimental and phylogenetic approaches can provide valuable insights into the evolutionary history of insect-parasite interactions.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
17

FERREIRA, ROBERTA CARVALHO, RAFAEL LUIS KESSLER, MARCELO GUSTAVO LORENZO, RAFAELA MAGALHÃES MACEDO PAIM, LUCIANA DE LIMA FERREIRA, CHRISTIAN MACAGNAN PROBST, JULIANA ALVES-SILVA, and ALESSANDRA APARECIDA GUARNERI. "Colonization of Rhodnius prolixus gut by Trypanosoma cruzi involves an extensive parasite killing." Parasitology 143, no. 4 (January 28, 2016): 434–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182015001857.

Full text
Abstract:
SUMMARYTrypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, is ingested by triatomines during their bloodmeal on an infected mammal. Aiming to investigate the development and differentiation of T. cruzi inside the intestinal tract of Rhodnius prolixus at the beginning of infection we fed insects with cultured epimastigotes and blood trypomastigotes from infected mice to determine the amount of recovered parasites after ingestion. Approximately 20% of the ingested parasites was found in the insect anterior midgut (AM) 3 h after feeding. Interestingly, a significant reduction (80%) in the numbers of trypomastigotes was observed after 24 h of infection suggesting that parasites were killed in the AM. Moreover, few parasites were found in that intestinal portion after 96 h of infection. The evaluation of the numbers of parasites in the posterior midgut (PM) at the same periods showed a reduced parasite load, indicating that parasites were not moving from the AM. Additionally, incubation of blood trypomastigotes with extracts from R. prolixus AMs revealed that components of this tissue could induce significant death of T. cruzi. Finally, we observed that differentiation from trypomastigotes to epimastigotes is not completed in the AM; instead we suggest that trypomastigotes change to intermediary forms before their migration to the PM, where differentiation to epimastigotes takes place. The present work clarifies controversial points concerning T. cruzi development in insect vector, showing that parasite suffers a drastic decrease in population size before epimastigonesis accomplishment in PM.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
18

Libersat, Frederic, Antonia Delago, and Ram Gal. "Manipulation of Host Behavior by Parasitic Insects and Insect Parasites." Annual Review of Entomology 54, no. 1 (January 2009): 189–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.54.110807.090556.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
19

Hurd, Hilary. "Interactions between parasites and insects vectors." Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 89, suppl 2 (1994): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0074-02761994000600007.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
20

Poof, P. A. A. "Tylenchida, parasites of plants and insects." Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology 94, no. 3 (May 1988): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01978006.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
21

Ruiz-González, Mario X., Yannick Moret, and Mark J. F. Brown. "Rapid induction of immune density-dependent prophylaxis in adult social insects." Biology Letters 5, no. 6 (August 5, 2009): 781–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0505.

Full text
Abstract:
The innate immune system provides defence against parasites and pathogens. This defence comes at a cost, suggesting that immune function should exhibit plasticity in response to variation in environmental threats. Density-dependent prophylaxis (DDP) has been demonstrated mostly in phase-polyphenic insects, where larval group size determines levels of immune function in either adults or later larval instars. Social insects exhibit extreme sociality, but DDP has been suggested to be absent from these ecologically dominant taxa. Here we show that adult bumble-bee workers ( Bombus terrestris ) exhibit rapid plasticity in their immune function in response to social context. These results suggest that DDP does not depend upon larval conditions, and is likely to be a widespread and labile response to rapidly changing conditions in adult insect populations. This has obvious ramifications for experimental analysis of immune function in insects, and serious implications for our understanding of the epidemiology and impact of pathogens and parasites in spatially structured adult insect populations.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
22

Coppens, Isabelle. "Metamorphoses of malaria: the role of autophagy in parasite differentiation." Essays in Biochemistry 51 (October 24, 2011): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bse0510127.

Full text
Abstract:
Several protozoan parasites undergo a complex life cycle that alternates between an invertebrate vector and a vertebrate host. Adaptations to these different environments by the parasites are achieved by drastic changes in their morphology and metabolism. The malaria parasites must be transmitted to a mammal from a mosquito as part of their life cycle. Upon entering the mammalian host, extracellular malaria sporozoites reach the liver and invade hepatocytes, wherein they meet the challenge of becoming replication-competent schizonts. During the process of conversion, the sporozoite selectively discards organelles that are unnecessary for the parasite growth in liver cells. Among the organelles that are cleared from the sporozoite are the micronemes, abundant secretory vesicles that facilitate the adhesion of the parasite to hepatocytes. Organelles specialized in sporozoite motility and structure, such as the inner membrane complex (a major component of the motile parasite's cytoskeleton), are also eliminated from converting parasites. The high degree of sophistication of the metamorphosis that occurs at the onset of the liver-form development cascade suggests that the observed changes must be multifactorial. Among the mechanisms implicated in the elimination of sporozoite organelles, the degradative process called autophagy contributes to the remodelling of the parasite interior and the production of replicative liver forms. In a broader context, the importance of the role played by autophagy during the differentiation of protozoan parasites that cycle between insects and vertebrates is nowadays clearly emerging. An exciting prospect derived from these observations is that the parasite proteins involved in the autophagic process may represent new targets for drug development.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
23

Lokeshwari, R. K., and T. Shantibala. "A Review on the Fascinating World of Insect Resources: Reason for Thoughts." Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 2010 (2010): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/207570.

Full text
Abstract:
Insect resources are vast and diverse due to their enormous diversity. The exploitation and utilization of insect resources is broadly classified into four different categories. The first category is the insects of industrial resources. This level includes the utilization of silk worm, honeybee, lac insect, dye insect, and aesthetic insect. The second category is the utilization of insects for edible and therapeutic purposes. Insects are high in protein and many are rich sources of vitamins and minerals. The third category is the use of insects in forensic investigation. By analyzing the stages of succession of insects at first, rough estimation of the postmortem intervals can be done. The fourth category is the insects of ecological importance. Many insect species act as potential predators and parasites of destructive pests of insect order Lepidoptera, Diptera, and Orthoptera. Insects are also used as bioindicator to assess the cumulative effects of environmental stressors such as pollutants. Despites these fascinating benefits, insect resources are often neglected in India due to lack of proper documentation, less expertise, and advance enterprises in these fields. Hence, the paper reviews the different fascinating facets of insect resources in order to explore and utilize it in a sustainable way with reference to Indian region.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
24

Li, Shiqin, Wenjuan Yi, Siyi Chen, and Chengshu Wang. "Empirical Support for the Pattern of Competitive Exclusion between Insect Parasitic Fungi." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 5 (May 14, 2021): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7050385.

Full text
Abstract:
Fungal entomopathogens are largely facultative parasites and play an important role in controlling the density of insect populations in nature. A few species of these fungi have been used for biocontrol of insect pests. The pattern of the entomopathogen competition for insect individuals is still elusive. Here, we report the empirical competition for hosts or niches between the inter- and intra-species of the entomopathogens Metarhizium robertsii and Beauveria bassiana. It was found that the synergistic effect of coinfection on virulence increase was not evident, and the insects were largely killed and mycosed by M. robertsii independent of its initial co-inoculation dosage and infection order. For example, >90% dead insects were mycosed by M. robertsii even after immersion in a spore suspension with a mixture ratio of 9:1 for B. bassiana versus M. robertsii. The results thus support the pattern of competitive exclusion between insect pathogenic fungi that occurred from outside to inside the insect hosts. Even being inferior to compete for insects, B. bassiana could outcompete M. robertsii during co-culturing in liquid medium. It was also found that the one-sided mycosis of insects occurred during coinfection with different genotypic strains of either fungi. However, parasexual recombination was evident to take place between the compatible strains after coinfection. The data of this study can help explain the phenomena of the exclusive mycosis of insect individuals, but co-occurrence of entomopathogens in the fields, and suggest that the synergistic effect is questionable regarding the mixed use of fungal parasites for insect pest control.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
25

Rodrigues, Marciel Elio, Cesar Carriço, Zeneida Teixeira Pinto, Paloma Martins Mendonça, and Margareth Maria de Carvalho Queiroz. "First record of acari Arrenurus Dugès, 1834 as a parasite of Odonata species in Brazil." Biota Neotropica 13, no. 4 (December 2013): 365–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032013000400029.

Full text
Abstract:
Water mites are common and widespread parasites of some aquatic insects in freshwater habitats. This is the first record of acari Arrenurus Dugès, 1834, as a parasite of Odonata in Brazil. Water mites were sampled from Miathyria marcella (Selys, 1857) and Ischnura fluviatilis (Selys, 1876).
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
26

Stevens, Jamie R. "One million insects – a lot of parasites?" Trends in Parasitology 17, no. 3 (March 2001): 119–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1471-4922(01)01887-6.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
27

Kraus, Bernhard, and Robert E. Page, Jr. "Parasites, Pathogens, and Polyandry in Social Insects." American Naturalist 151, no. 4 (April 1998): 383–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/286126.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
28

Richman, Adam, and Fotis C. Kafatos. "Immunity to eukaryotic parasites in vector insects." Current Opinion in Immunology 8, no. 1 (February 1996): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0952-7915(96)80099-9.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
29

Heraty, John. "Parasites in Social Insects. Paul Schmid-Hempel." Quarterly Review of Biology 75, no. 2 (June 2000): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/393425.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
30

Kraus and Page. "Parasites, Pathogens, and Polyandry in Social Insects." American Naturalist 151, no. 4 (1998): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2463424.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
31

Lee, Jong-Youn. "Parasites and pathogens of insects: Vol. I." Parasitology Today 10, no. 6 (January 1994): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-4758(94)90130-9.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
32

Buechel, Séverine Denise, and Paul Schmid-Hempel. "Colony pace: a life-history trait affecting social insect epidemiology." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1822 (January 13, 2016): 20151919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.1919.

Full text
Abstract:
Among colonies of social insects, the worker turnover rate (colony ‘pace’) typically shows considerable variation. This has epidemiological consequences for parasites, because in ‘fast-paced’ colonies, with short-lived workers, the time of parasite residence in a given host will be reduced, and further transmission may thus get less likely. Here, we test this idea and ask whether pace is a life-history strategy against infectious parasites. We infected bumblebees ( Bombus terrestris ) with the infectious gut parasite Crithidia bombi , and experimentally manipulated birth and death rates to mimic slow and fast pace. We found that fewer workers and, importantly, fewer last-generation workers that are responsible for rearing sexuals were infected in colonies with faster pace. This translates into increased fitness in fast-paced colonies, as daughter queens exposed to fewer infected workers in the nest are less likely to become infected themselves, and have a higher chance of founding their own colonies in the next year. High worker turnover rate can thus act as a strategy of defence against a spreading infection in social insect colonies.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
33

Grushevaya, Inna, Anastasia Ignatieva, and Yuri Tokarev. "Susceptibility of three species of the genus Ostrinia (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) to Nosema pyrausta (Microsporidia: Nosematida)." BIO Web of Conferences 21 (2020): 00040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202100040.

Full text
Abstract:
Microsporidia are obligate intracellular parasites that affect the population density of many insect pests. In particular, infection with Nosema pyrausta is one of the major mortality factors for the European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis, the Asian corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis and the adzuki bean borer Ostrinia scapulalis. The purpose of the work is to compare the susceptibility to N. pyrausta and pathogenesis of three species of moths of the genus Ostrinia. Studies conducted over 2 years have shown that in all three species of host insects under laboratory conditions, both during oral infection and transovarian transmission of infection (in the daughter generations of experimentally infected insects), only diplokaryotic spores formed corresponding to the main morphotype of the genus Nosema. Mean lethal time increased with instar of larvae used for infection but didn’t differ between the three species. The rates of transovarial transmission of N. pyrausta were also similar. Thus, all the insect species examined may equally participate in the parasite persistence in nature and serve as model laboratory hosts for parasitological research and mass propagation of the microsporidium.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
34

Gray, T. G., and A. I. Ibaraki. "AN ECONOMICAL CAGE FOR CONFINING AND COLLECTING EMERGING INSECTS AND THEIR PARASITES." Canadian Entomologist 126, no. 2 (April 1994): 447–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent126447-2.

Full text
Abstract:
To study the development of stem- and branch-damaging insects and their parasites under near natural conditions it is useful to confine the insects on their host for close observations. The ideal cage should totally confine or exclude insects, allow easy addition or removal of insects, and not damage the plant. During recent studies our requirements necessitated caging 50 trees, which ranged in height from 3 to 7 m. Large whole-tree cages are costly, difficult to construct, and difficult to access repeatedly to sample insects for developmental studies. A more practical method is to cage the branch, stem, or leader to confine the attacking insects, then collect emerging parasites and young eclosing adults.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
35

Pimentel, David. "Insect population responses to environmental stress and pollutants." Environmental Reviews 2, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a94-001.

Full text
Abstract:
Insects and other related arthropods make up about 90% of all plant and animal species in the world. They are vital to the functioning of the ecosystem and biosphere, and neither of these systems can operate effectively without insect interactions. Because of their major ecological and economic roles in nature and society, the beneficial and pest activities of insects need to be clearly understood. Insect populations are being stressed directly by the action of temperature, moisture, and a wide array of chemical Ö öpollutants (pesticides, fertilizers, air pollutants, and numerous other chemicals) that are dispersed through air, water, and soil. Insects are affected by this same group of stresses indirectly, through their food plants, parasites, and predators. Depending on the species and the particular stress affecting it, insect populations respond by increasing or decreasing in numbers. The responses of insect populations to various direct and indirect environmental stresses and chemical pollutants are assessed. Some insect populations increase, while others decline. The responses were determined by the particular environmental stress, the insect species, and the stage at which they were exposed to the stress.Key words: insects, environment, pollutants, stress, water, herbicides.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
36

Rea, J. G., and S. W. B. Irwin. "The ecology of host-finding behaviour and parasite transmission: past and future perspectives." Parasitology 109, S1 (1994): S31—S39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000085061.

Full text
Abstract:
SUMMARYHost location by parasites can be achieved by either active or passive mechanisms. In spite of their significance, the efficacy of these methods has been little researched. High fecundity in parasites is discussed in terms of the role it plays in dispersal and transmission. Some concepts developed by mainstream behavioural ecologists are outlined and their relevance to parasitology is indicated. ‘Reproductive value’ is recommended as an appropriate measure of the costs and benefits of behavioural acts. Although costs of reproduction have been rarely studied in parasites, they are likely to occur in cosexual insects, nematodes and crustaceans. Experiments using captive hosts and/orin vitrocultivation could help in the construction of realistic optimality models. We suggest that r- and K-selection theory could assist in the study of the evolution of parasite behaviour. We discuss how parasite populations are dispersed and controlled and consider the implications of overdispersion. WTe outline three sources of signals to which parasites may respond and suggest that understanding evolutionary mechanisms and community organisation of parasites and hosts requires evaluation of fundamental behavioural responses to environmental signals. The study of closely related groups of parasites and their hosts may advance our knowledge of the evolution of parasite life cycles and the evolutionary costs and benefits of behavioural acts.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
37

Sloan, Megan A., and Petros Ligoxygakis. "Tools for the Genetic Manipulation of Herpetomonas muscarum." G3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics 10, no. 5 (March 23, 2020): 1613–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.120.401048.

Full text
Abstract:
Trypanosomatid parasites are causative agents of important human and animal diseases such as sleeping sickness and leishmaniasis. Most trypanosomatids are transmitted to their mammalian hosts by insects, often belonging to Diptera (or true flies). With resistance to both vector-targeted pesticides and trypanocidal drugs being reported, there is a need for novel transmission blocking strategies to be developed. Studies using the blood-feeding vectors themselves are not broadly accessible, as such, new model systems are being developed to unpick insect-trypanosmatids interactions. One such case is the interactions between the model dipteran Drosophila melanogaster and its natural trypanosomatid Herpetomonas muscarum. Our previous work has found that much of the transcriptomic changes triggered in H. muscarum after ingestion by Drosophila reflect what is known for disease-causing trypanosomatids. Here we describe a set of tools to genetically manipulate the parasite and therefore create a truly tractable insect-parasite interaction system from both sides of this association. These include transgenic fluorescently tagged parasites to follow infection dynamics in the fly gut as well as iterations of plasmids that can be used for generating knock-in and knock-out strains. The tools presented in this short report will facilitate further characterization of trypanosomatid establishment in a model dipteran.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
38

Feldhaar, Heike, and Oliver Otti. "Pollutants and Their Interaction with Diseases of Social Hymenoptera." Insects 11, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11030153.

Full text
Abstract:
Many insect species, including social insects, are currently declining in abundance and diversity. Pollutants such as pesticides, heavy metals, or airborne fine particulate matter from agricultural and industrial sources are among the factors driving this decline. While these pollutants can have direct detrimental effects, they can also result in negative interactive effects when social insects are simultaneously exposed to multiple stressors. For example, sublethal effects of pollutants can increase the disease susceptibility of social insects, and thereby jeopardize their survival. Here we review how pesticides, heavy metals, or airborne fine particulate matter interact with social insect physiology and especially the insects’ immune system. We then give an overview of the current knowledge of the interactive effects of these pollutants with pathogens or parasites. While the effects of pesticide exposure on social insects and their interactions with pathogens have been relatively well studied, the effects of other pollutants, such as heavy metals in soil or fine particulate matter from combustion, vehicular transport, agriculture, and coal mining are still largely unknown. We therefore provide an overview of urgently needed knowledge in order to mitigate the decline of social insects.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
39

OWEN, IFOR L. "Parasites of animals in Papua New Guinea recorded at the National Veterinary Laboratory: a catalogue, historical review and zoogeographical affiliations." Zootaxa 3143, no. 1 (December 23, 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3143.1.1.

Full text
Abstract:
The catalogue includes more than 700 parasites of domestic and wild animals recorded at the National Veterinary Laboratory, Papua New Guinea, since data began to be gathered at the end of World War 2. It incorporates some information already published and data on parasites, particularly of indigenous fauna, not recorded previously in the country. Wildlife host species include wild pig, deer, bats, murine rodents, marsupials, monotremes, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fishes and invertebrates. The range of parasites in domestic and many wild animals shows great affinity with that found in Australia. Some notable exceptions amongst domestic animal parasites are the endoparasites Trichinella papuae, Capillaria papuensis and Mammomonogamus laryngeus and the economically significant ectoparasites Chrysomya bezziana, Tropilaelaps mercedesae and Varroa jacobsoni that are not recorded in Australia. Unusual host-parasite associations include the larvae of the insects Chrysomya spp. and Lucilia sp., parasites of warm-blooded animals, infesting, respectively, cold-blooded crocodiles and cane toads, and the mammalian mite, Sarcoptes scabiei, on an avian host, cassowaries. No host switching of helminths was seen between domestic and wild animals, or between populations of deer, wild pigs and wallabies when grazing together. The economic importance of certain parasites for domestic animals, the potential threats from introduced or newly-discovered parasites, and the relationship between some parasites and their wildlife hosts, are discussed. Information is presented in two tables: a parasite–host list that includes the location of a parasite in or on a host as well as a list of references of relevance to the country, and a host–parasite list that contains the distribution of the parasites according to province or locality.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
40

Graczyk, Thaddeus K., Ronald Knight, and Leena Tamang. "Mechanical Transmission of Human Protozoan Parasites by Insects." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 18, no. 1 (January 2005): 128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.18.1.128-132.2005.

Full text
Abstract:
SUMMARY The filthy breeding habits, feeding mechanisms, and indiscriminate travel between filth and food make some groups of synanthropic insects such as nonbiting flies and cockroaches efficient vectors of human enteric protozoan parasites. Twenty-one species of filth flies have been listed by regulatory agencies concerned with sanitation and public health as causative agents of gastrointestinal diseases based on synanthropy, endophily, communicative behavior, and strong attraction to filth and human food. Outbreaks and cases of food-borne diarrheal diseases in urban and rural areas are closely related to the seasonal increase in abundance of filth flies, and enforced fly control is closely related to reductions in the occurrence of such diseases. Mechanical transmission of human parasites by nonbiting flies and epidemiological involvement of other synanthropic insects in human food-borne diseases have not received adequate scientific attention.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
41

Gardner, M. G., K. Schönrogge, G. W. Elmes, and J. A. Thomas. "Increased genetic diversity as a defence against parasites is undermined by social parasites: Microdon mutabilis hoverflies infesting Formica lemani ant colonies." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 274, no. 1606 (October 11, 2006): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2006.3694.

Full text
Abstract:
Genetic diversity can benefit social insects by providing variability in immune defences against parasites and pathogens. However, social parasites of ants infest colonies and not individuals, and for them a different relationship between genetic diversity and resistance may exist. Here, we investigate the genetic variation, assessed using up to 12 microsatellite loci, of workers in 91 Formica lemani colonies in relation to their infestation by the specialist social parasite Microdon mutabilis . At the main study site, workers in infested colonies exhibited lower relatedness and higher estimated queen numbers, on average, than uninfested ones. Additionally, estimated queen numbers were negatively correlated with estimated average numbers of mates per queen within infested colonies. At another site, infested colonies also exhibited significantly lower worker relatedness, and estimated queen numbers were comparable in trend. In contrast, in two populations of F. lemani where M. mutabilis was absent, relatedness within colonies was high (40 and 90% with R >0.6). While high genetic variation can benefit social insects by increasing their resistance to pathogens, there may be a cost in the increased likelihood of infiltration by social parasites owing to greater variation in nestmate recognition cues. This study provides the first empirical test of this hypothesis.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
42

Schmid-Hempel, Paul, and Ross H. Crozier. "Ployandry versus polygyny versus parasites." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 354, no. 1382 (February 28, 1999): 507–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1999.0401.

Full text
Abstract:
Although social insect colonies are most easily conceptualized as consisting of a single, once–mated queen and her worker progeny, the number of queens per colony and the number of times queens mate varies broadly in ants and other social insects. Various hypotheses have been suggested for the resulting range of breeding systems and social organizations, respectively; one set of hypotheses relating to both queen number and mate number at the same time is a need for genetic variation, especially in relation to disease resistance. We here carry out a comparative analysis using phylogenetic information and, contrary to one non–phylogenetic previous study, we find that polyandry and polygyny are not significantly associated. However, the level of relatedness within colonies, a quantity affected by both polyandry and polygyny, is significantly associated with parasite loads: species with colonies with low relatedness levels have lower parasite loads. Given that, under the variance–reduction principle, selection on queens for mating frequency ought to continue even in polygynous colonies, we suggest that while parasite loads indeed seem to correlate with intra–colony genetic variability, the relationship to polyandry and polygyny may be complex and requires considerably more experimental investigation.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
43

Gibson, Amanda K. "Asexual parasites and their extraordinary host ranges." Integrative and Comparative Biology 59, no. 6 (May 24, 2019): 1463–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icz075.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract In diverse parasite taxa, from scale insects to root-knot nematodes, asexual lineages have exceptionally large host ranges, larger than those of their sexual relatives. Phylogenetic comparative studies of parasite taxa indicate that increases in host range and geographic range increase the probability of establishment of asexual lineages. At first pass, this convergence of traits appears counter-intuitive: intimate, antagonistic association with an enormous range of host taxa correlates with asexual reproduction, which should limit genetic variation within populations. Why would narrow host ranges favor sexual parasites and large host ranges favor asexual parasites? To take on this problem I link theory on ecological specialization to the two predominant hypotheses for the evolution of sex. I argue that both hypotheses predict a positive association between host range and the probability of invasion of asexual parasites, mediated either by variation in population size or in the strength of antagonistic coevolution. I also review hypotheses on colonization and the evolution of niche breadth in asexual lineages. I emphasize parasite taxa, with their diversity of reproductive modes and ecological strategies, as valuable assets in the hunt for solutions to the classic problems of the evolution of sex and geographic parthenogenesis.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
44

Amirault, P. A., and N. Rae Brown. "CONE AND SEED INSECTS OF TAMARACK, LARIX LARICINA (DU ROI) K. KOCH, AND ATTEMPTS TO CONTROL DAMAGE USING CHEMICAL INSECTICIDES." Canadian Entomologist 118, no. 6 (June 1986): 589–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent118589-6.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractAn investigation of the insects that damage cones (megasporangiate strobili) and seeds of tamarack [Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch] in New Brunswick was undertaken. During two growing seasons (1982 and 1983) cones were removed from natural and planted stands of tamarack on a weekly basis. These cones were dissected, the nature and amount of insect damage recorded, and insect habits documented. Efforts were made to rear to adults any destructive insects encountered in order to identify them and to isolate parasites. Insects destroyed from 24.6 to 88.0% of the seed produced in the stands under study. Larvae of the spruce budworm [Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)] and the cone maggot [Lasiomma viarium (Huckett) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)] were responsible for most of the damage. Among insects that caused lesser amounts of damage were a cone midge [Resseliella sp. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)], a seed chalcid [Megastigmus sp. (Hymenoptera: Torymidae)], and various lepidopterous larvae. Applications of the insecticides carbofuran and dimethoate reduced the amount of insect damage. Carbofuran applied at the rate of 13.5 g active ingredient per centimetre of diameter at breast height provided the best protection. Trees treated in this manner had 37.0% of their seeds destroyed by insects as opposed to 74.2% on control trees.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
45

Macropodi, M. V. "Duration of life-cycle of three parasitic hymenoptera on Saissetia oleαe (Bernard) growing on two different host plants." ENTOMOLOGIA HELLENICA 3 (May 29, 2017): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/eh.13923.

Full text
Abstract:
In this work the duration of the life-cycle of Metaphycus helvolus (Comp.) (parasite mainly on the third stage), Μetaphycus affinis stanley (Comp.) (parasite mainly on the third stage) and Μetaphycus lounsburyi (How.) (parasite mainly on the fourth stage) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) on S. οleae, developed on different substrates, i.e. potato sprouts and plants of Nerium oleander, under laboratory conditions was determined. Among the Hymenoptera parasitizing S. oleae on Corfu, M, helvolus and M. lounsburyi, are of particular importance M. affinis stanley was introduced in Corfu in 1976 and despite the fact that the population of S. οleae in the release area was practically eliminated from other factors shortly after the release of the parasite, there is evidence that the parasite was finally established. The above parasites can be successfully reared on S. οleae developed both on potato sprouts and Nerium oleander. The study was carried out at 23±1°C, 65-70% R.H. and 12 hours of artificial light per day. For each species, 3 potato sprouts and three plants of Nerium oleander in pots infested with S. οleae were placed in each 60X30X40 cm cage. The host insects were oviposited in by adult parasites introduced into the cages and left there for two days. The number of emerging adult parasites in each cage was recorded daily (a total number of adults emerged per cage varied from 23 to 195) and the time taken for 50% emergence was calculated from the correlation equation by plotting the cumulative percentage of adults emerged against time. For M. helvolus the mean duration time of the life cycle was estimated to be 19.4 days on scales developed on potato sprouts and 15.1 days on scales developed on N. oleander. For M. affinis stanley the relevant estimates were 18.8 days and 23.4 days, respectively, while for M. lounsburvi the estimates were 21.3 and 18.6 days, respectively. For M. helvolus and M. lounsburyi the duration of the life cycle was shorter when the host insect developed on Nerium plants than on potato sprouts. For M. affinis stanley the reverse was true. These differences show the effect of the host of S. oleae on the time of development of the parasites, possibly reflecting the differences of the scale insect developed on different hosts as food quality for the parasites.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
46

Griffin, Christine T., M. J. Downes, and W. Block. "Tests of Antarctic soils for insect parasitic nematodes." Antarctic Science 2, no. 3 (September 1990): 221–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095410209000030x.

Full text
Abstract:
Nematodes of the families Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae are obligate parasites of a wide range of insects (Poinar 1979). The third stage juvenile of these nematodes is a non-feeding infective form which carries symbiotic insect-pathogenic bacteria (Xenorhabdus spp.) in its intestine. Under favourable conditions the juveniles can survive for months in the soil. They are attracted to and enter insects. After invading the haemocoel they release the symbiont. The bacteria multiply, kill the host by septicaemia, and provide suitable conditions for nematode growth and reproduction. After one to two weeks, the newly formed infective juveniles leave the cadaver and seek new hosts.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
47

Grau, Thorben, Andreas Vilcinskas, and Gerrit Joop. "Sustainable farming of the mealworm Tenebrio molitor for the production of food and feed." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 72, no. 9-10 (September 26, 2017): 337–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2017-0033.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractThe farming of edible insects is an alternative strategy for the production of protein-rich food and feed with a low ecological footprint. The industrial production of insect-derived protein is more cost-effective and energy-efficient than livestock farming or aquaculture. The mealwormTenebrio molitoris economically among the most important species used for the large-scale conversion of plant biomass into protein. Here, we review the mass rearing of this species and its conversion into food and feed, focusing on challenges such as the contamination of food/feed products with bacteria from the insect gut and the risk of rapidly spreading pathogens and parasites. We propose solutions to prevent the outbreak of infections among farmed insects without reliance on antibiotics. Transgenerational immune priming and probiotic bacteria may provide alternative strategies for sustainable insect farming.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
48

Aveludoni, Maria Marmi. "Keanekaragaman Jenis Serangga di Berbagai Lahan Pertanian Kelurahan Maubeli Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara." Wahana-Bio: Jurnal Biologi dan Pembelajarannya 13, no. 1 (August 24, 2021): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/wb.v13i1.9565.

Full text
Abstract:
The presence of insects in an ecosystem varies widely, the diversity of insects in various agricultural lands can act as polydonature insects, pests, parasites, and predators for other insects. Referring to the role of insects, this study aims to determine what insects are present in various agricultural lands, to analyze insect diversity and to analyze environmental factors that influence the presence of insects. This research was conducted in Maubeli Village, North Central Timor Regency in July-August 2020. The sampling technique was carried out with pitfall traps, light traps and sweep nets, the data obtained were analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener diversity index. The research that has been carried out has found insects at the research location consisting of the families of Acrididae, Coccinelidae, Libellulidae, Mantidae, Nymphalidae, Papiolinidae, Pieridae, and Tettigonidae. The highest diversity of 11 families was found with the highest value H` = 1.34 and the lowest H` = 0.26. The results of measurement of environmental parameters at the research location show that morning, evening and night air temperatures range from 260C-280C, 270C-310C, 250C-360C, and humidity ranges from 60% -70%, soil pH ranges from 6 and soil moisture ranges from 2%.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
49

LORENZI, M. C., R. CERVO, F. ZACCHI, S. TURILLAZZI, and A. G. BAGNÈRES. "Dynamics of chemical mimicry in the social parasite wasp Polistes semenowi (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)." Parasitology 129, no. 5 (October 5, 2004): 643–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182004005992.

Full text
Abstract:
Chemical cues are so important in the recognition mechanism of social insects that most social parasites (which rely on hosts to rear their brood) have been documented as overcoming the mechanism by which colony residents recognize non-nestmates, by mimicking the odour of the usurped colony. We simulated in the laboratory the process by which the obligate social parasite, Polistes semenowi, invades nests of the host species, Polistes dominulus, in the field and analysed the epicuticular lipid layer before and after host nest usurpation. The experiment documents that P. semenowi social parasites have an epicuticular hydrocarbon pattern which is very similar to that of their host but, after entering host colonies, parasites mimic the odour of the colonies they invade, to the point that they perfectly match the hydrocarbon profile peculiar to the colony they entered. However, both before and after host nest invasion, parasites show a tendency to possess diluted recognition cues with respect to their hosts.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
50

Favery, Bruno, Géraldine Dubreuil, Ming-Shun Chen, David Giron, and Pierre Abad. "Gall-Inducing Parasites: Convergent and Conserved Strategies of Plant Manipulation by Insects and Nematodes." Annual Review of Phytopathology 58, no. 1 (August 25, 2020): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-010820-012722.

Full text
Abstract:
Gall-inducing insects and nematodes engage in sophisticated interactions with their host plants. These parasites can induce major morphological and physiological changes in host roots, leaves, and other tissues. Sedentary endoparasitic nematodes, root-knot and cyst nematodes in particular, as well as gall-inducing and leaf-mining insects, manipulate plant development to form unique organs that provide them with food from feeding cells. Sometimes, infected tissues may undergo a developmental switch resulting in the formation of aberrant and spectacular structures (clubs or galls). We describe here the complex interactions between these plant-reprogramming sedentary endoparasites and their infected hosts, focusing on similarities between strategies of plant manipulation. We highlight progress in our understanding of the host plant response to infection and focus on the nematode and insect molecules secreted in planta. We suggest thatlooking at similarities may identify convergent and conserved strategies and shed light on the promise they hold for the development of new management strategies in agriculture and forestry.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the bibliographies on the topic 'Parasites – Insects' for other source types:
Dissertations / Theses Books
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography