Journal articles: 'Parasitic aberrations'

1

Batson, P. E. "Control of parasitic aberrations in multipole optics." Journal of Electron Microscopy 58, no. 3 (March 5, 2009): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmicro/dfp015.

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Batson, PE. "Control of Parasitic Aberrations in Multipole Corrector Optics." Microscopy and Microanalysis 14, S2 (August 2008): 830–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927608088430.

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de Kerckhove, D. G., M. B. H. Breese, D. N. Jamieson, and G. W. Grime. "Characterisation of lens aberrations and parasitic fields using beam rocking." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 158, no. 1-4 (September 1999): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-583x(99)00309-2.

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Radlička, Tomáš. "Correction of parasitic aberrations of hexapole corrector using differential algebra method." Ultramicroscopy 204 (September 2019): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2019.05.006.

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Martin, F. W., and R. Goloskie. "Experimental compensation of parasitic octopole aberrations in small-bore quadrupole lenses." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 104, no. 1-4 (September 1995): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583x(95)00400-9.

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Ozaki, T., Y. H. Hisaoka, and H. Murakami. "Approximation formula for parasitic aberrations due to mechanical defects of an electrostatic deflector." Microelectronic Engineering 21, no. 1-4 (April 1993): 217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-9317(93)90059-e.

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Thust, A., and C. L. Jia. "Atomic Structure Determination Using the Focal-Series Reconstruction Technique." Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, S2 (August 2001): 286–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600027501.

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During the last five years the technique focal-series reconstruction has evolved to a powerful tool for investigating materials science problems in high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Compared to the conventional interpretation of one single high-resolution image, the quantum mechanical electron wave function at the exit plane of the object (exit-plane wave function, EPW) is in many cases a better starting point for the materials analysis. The retrieval of the EPW is achieved on a routine basis by applying automated numerical procedures to a series of images taken from the same specimen area at different objective lens defocus values. The application of the reconstruction procedure allows one to remove numerically all the well known instrumental artifacts, such as nonlinear contrast formation or delocalisation effects due to spherical aberration and other parasitic aberrations. The reconstructed EPW gives thus direct insight into the atomic structure in the case of sufficiently thin objects and renders tedious image simulations of complicated defects unnecessary in many cases.

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Yavor, M. I., and A. S. Berdnikov. "Parasitic aberrations in static sector field mass analyzers and their correction. Part 1. First order approximation." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Processes 128, no. 3 (October 1993): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1176(93)87063-x.

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Martin, F. W., and R. Goloskie. "Simultaneous compensation of 2nd-order parasitic aberrations in both principal sections of an achromatic quadrupole lens doublet." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 30, no. 3 (March 1988): 242–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583x(88)90004-3.

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Carlino, Elvio, Francesco Scattarella, Liberato Caro, Cinzia Giannini, Dritan Siliqi, Alessandro Colombo, and Davide Galli. "Coherent Diffraction Imaging in Transmission Electron Microscopy for Atomic Resolution Quantitative Studies of the Matter." Materials 11, no. 11 (November 19, 2018): 2323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11112323.

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The paper focuses on the development of electron coherent diffraction imaging in transmission electron microscopy, made in the, approximately, last ten years in our collaborative research group, to study the properties of materials at atomic resolution, overcoming the limitations due to the aberrations of the electron lenses and obtaining atomic resolution images, in which the distribution of the maxima is directly related to the specimen atomic potentials projected onto the microscope image detector. Here, it is shown how augmented coherent diffraction imaging makes it possible to achieve quantitative atomic resolution maps of the specimen atomic species, even in the presence of low atomic number atoms within a crystal matrix containing heavy atoms. This aim is achieved by: (i) tailoring the experimental set-up, (ii) improving the experimental data by properly treating parasitic diffused intensities to maximize the measure of the significant information, (iii) developing efficient methods to merge the information acquired in both direct and reciprocal spaces, (iv) treating the dynamical diffused intensities to accurately measure the specimen projected potentials, (v) improving the phase retrieval algorithms to better explore the space of solutions. Finally, some of the future perspectives of coherent diffraction imaging in a transmission electron microscope are given.

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KIM, JONG-GYU. "Antigenotoxic Effects of Water Extract from Korean Fermented Soybean Paste (Doen-jang)." Journal of Food Protection 67, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-67.1.156.

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Aflatoxin B1 is a major metabolite of the toxigenic molds Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. In this study, a bacterial reverse mutation assay with Salmonella Typhimurium strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98, TA100, and TA102 and an in vitro chromosome aberration test with Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cells were used to investigate the genotoxicity of water extract from Korean soybean paste (doen-jang [dwen-jahng]) and its antigenotoxic activity against aflatoxin B1. The water extract itself did not exhibit cytotoxicity or mutagenicity. The extract significantly reduced the numbers of revertants when it was added to the assay system with Salmonella Typhimurium TA100 (P < 0.05). The extract also exhibited significant inhibitory effects on chromosome aberration in CHL cells (P < 0.05). Dose-response relationships were observed between the concentration of the water extract and both its antimutagenic effect and its suppression of chromosome aberration. The results of this work indicate that water extract from Korean soybean paste could have potential as an antigenotoxic substance.

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Mukherjee, N., N. Joardar, and S. P. Sinha Babu. "Antifilarial activity of azadirachtin fuelled through reactive oxygen species induced apoptosis: a thorough molecular study on Setaria cervi." Journal of Helminthology 93, no. 05 (July 23, 2018): 519–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x18000615.

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AbstractEfficacious therapeutic strategies against lymphatic filariasis are always sought after. However, natural products are a promising resource for developing effective antifilarial agents. Azadirachtin, a significant tetranortriterpenoid phytocompound found in Azadirachta indica, was evaluated in vitro for antifilarial potential against the filarial parasite Setaria cervi. Dye exclusion and MTT assay confirmed the antifilarial potential of azadirachtin against S. cervi with a median lethal dose (LC50) of 6.28 μg/ml for microfilariae (mf), and 9.55 μg/ml for adult parasites. Morphological aberrations were prominent in the histological sections of the azadirachtin-exposed parasites. Moreover, alterations in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) parameters in treated parasites were evident. Induction of apoptosis in treated parasites was confirmed by DNA laddering, acridine orange (AO)/ethidium bromide (EtBr) double staining and in situ DNA fragmentation. The downregulation of anti-apoptotic CED-9 and upregulation of proapoptotic EGL-1, CED-4 and CED-3 at both the transcription and translation levels confirmed apoptosis execution at the molecular level. Changes in the gene expressions of nuc-1, cps-6 and crn-1 further clarified the molecular cause of DNA degradation. Furthermore, azadirachtin was found to be non-toxic in both in vitro and in vivo toxicity analyses. Therefore, the experimental evidence detailed the pharmacological effectiveness of azadirachtin as a possible therapeutic agent against filariasis.

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Zheng, Duo, Defu Lin, Jiang Wang, and Xinghua Xu. "Dynamic stability of rolling missiles employing a two-loop autopilot with consideration for the radome aberration parasitic feedback loop." Aerospace Science and Technology 61 (February 2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2016.11.016.

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Oyeyemi, Oyetunde, Odunayo Adegbeyeni, Ifeoluwa Oyeyemi, Jairam Meena, and Amulya Panda. "In vitro ovicidal activity of poly lactic acid curcumin-nisin co-entrapped nanoparticle against Fasciola spp. eggs and its reproductive toxicity." Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology 29, no. 1 (January 26, 2018): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbcpp-2017-0045.

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AbstractBackground:Curcumin and nisin have been widely reported for their antibacterial and anticancer potency. However, their therapeutic applications are hampered by several factors, which necessitate their development into nanosize ranges for improved delivery and activities. Their incorporation into a single nanosynthesized form may suggest desirable efficacy on parasites. The aim of the study was to assess the ovicidal activity of the curcumin-nisin polylactic acid (PLA) entrapped nanoparticle on theFasciolaeggs and its reproductive toxicity.Methods:The nanoparticle was formulated by double emulsion method. The eggs of the adultFasciolaspp. were exposed to different concentrations (0.3125–5 mg/mL) of the nanoparticle to monitor hatchability. Mice were exposed to 0.5 mL of the formulated drug at varying concentrations (10–20 mg/kg) and then sacrificed for sperm morphology assay.Results:The mean particle size, polydispersity index, and drug entrapment efficiency of the formulated drug were 288.4±24.3 nm, 0.232, and 51.7%, respectively. The highest nanoparticulate concentration (5 mg/mL) showed the least percentage egg hatching (41.7%) compared with the other treatment groups and positive control (albendazole) (45.1%). The aberrations observed in sperm cells were not concentration-dependent and no significant differences were observed in the mean aberrations between the nanoparticulate drug-exposed groups and the negative control (p>0.05).Conclusions:The results confirmed the ovicidal activity of the curcumin-nisin nanoparticulate drug against theFasciolaspecies. The formulation also showed no toxicity to sperm cells. More robust studies on anti-fascioliasis activity of the drug on adultFasciolaspp. andin vivoandin vitrotoxicity studies are recommended.

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15

Matsuyama, S. "The microbeam system at Tohoku University." International Journal of PIXE 25, no. 03n04 (January 2015): 153–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083515500163.

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A microbeam system called MB-I was developed at the Dynamitron laboratory at Tohoku University in 2002 for use in biological applications. Although the system was designed to achieve a submicron beam spot size, parasitic field contamination from tungsten carbide slit chips and an annular Si surface barrier detector have limited the beam spot size to [Formula: see text]. By replacing these components, parasitic field contamination of the system was reduced and the performance of the microbeam system was remarkably improved. A measured beam spot size of [Formula: see text] at a beam current of several tens of pA has been achieved. MB-I has been used for simultaneous in-air/in-vacuum particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE), Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS), secondary electron (SE), scanning transmission ion microscopy (STIM) analyses, and three-dimensional PIXE micron computed tomography (PIXEμCT), with applications in various fields. To obtain a higher spatial resolution of several hundred nm and a higher beam current with a resolution of several μm, a triplet lens system was designed and installed in MB-I. The triplet system has a larger demagnification than the existing system; however, it also has larger chromatic and spherical aberration coefficients. Therefore, stricter requirements are imposed on the accelerator performance, particularly the beam brightness and energy stability. In addition to the microbeam, the Dynamitron accelerator was also upgraded to obtain a higher beam brightness. The beam brightness is [Formula: see text], with a half-divergence of 0.07 mrad. The energy resolution of the accelerator was improved by developing a terminal voltage stabilization system (TVSS), to achieve an energy resolution of [Formula: see text]. Thus, the effects of the increased chromatic and spherical aberration were mitigated by restricting the divergence angle, without reducing the beam current. A beam spot size of [Formula: see text] was obtained with a beam current of 150 pA. While the analysis system of MB-I can be used for simultaneous in-air/vacuum PIXE, RBS and STIM analyses, as well as 3D PIXEμCT, without changing the target chamber, changes are required in the experimental setup for these techniques, which is time-consuming, Thus, a new microbeam system, MB-II, was developed. The MB-II is a doublet system and is not equipped with a high-resolution energy analysis system. It is connected to a switching magnet. The beam brightness is [Formula: see text] at a half-divergence of 0.1 mrad and this does not decrease as the beam divergence increases. This property is matched to obtain a higher beam current using the doublet system. With a current of 300 pA, the MB-II provides a higher beam current for a [Formula: see text] beam spot size than is achievable with the MB-I. At present, both microbeam systems are in routine operation at the Dynamitron laboratory.

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Marsilio, Sonia, Barbara Sherry, Xiao J. Yan, Jacqueline C. Barrientos, Steven L. Allen, Jonathan E. Kolitz, Kanti R. Rai, and Nicholas Chiorazzi. "CLL Sera Drive Maturation of Normal Monocytes to M2-like Macrophages By Direct and Indirect Mechanisms." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 1970. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.1970.1970.

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Abstract Background. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a prototypic microenvironment-dependent B-cell malignancy, in which neoplastic B cells co-evolve with a supportive tissue microenvironment to promote leukemia cell survival, growth, and drug-resistance. Within the microenvironment, hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic stromal and tumor cells produce factors that recruit circulating monocytes to tumor sites and induce differentiation into macrophages. Mirroring the Th1/Th2 paradigm, cells of monocyte-macrophage lineage reprogram their functions in response to environmental signals, undergoing M1 (classical) or M2 (alternative) activation, which represent extremes of a broad continuum of functional states. Classical M1 cells (activated by IFNs and TLR) are involved as inducer and effectors cells in polarized Th1 responses and as effectors of resistance against intracellular parasites and tumors. In contrast, M2 cells (activated by IL4 and IL13) are poor at antigen presentation, suppress Th1 adaptive immunity, actively scavenge debris, contribute to the dampening of inflammation, promote angiogenesis and tissue remodeling, and support tumor progression. One way to distinguish the two types of macrophages is based on surface antigen expression: M1-like cells up-regulate Fcg receptors I, II, III such as CD16, CD32 and CD64, whereas M2-like macrophages display abundant levels of CD23, CD163, and scavenger receptors (e.g. MCR1). Understanding the microenvironment and the crosstalk between B-CLL cells and their tissue neighbors can give insight into disease biology and for therapy. Aim. To investigate if the CLL milieu, contained within serum, influences monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation, promoting an anti (M2)- or pro (M1)- inflammatory microenvironment. Methods. Monocytes from healthy donors were isolated using Monocytes Isolation Kit II (Miltenyi) and cultured in Ultra-Low Attachment plates with 10% normal human AB serum or 10% CLL-derived serum -/+ IL4 or IFNg for 3 days. Macrophages were stained for CD23, CD64, CD32, MRC1, CD14, CD16, and data were acquired with a BD LSRII flow cytometer and analyzed by FlowJo V7.2.4 software. Results. Normal monocytes were differentiated to macrophages in vitro in the presence of sera from 24 untreated CLL patients with different prognostic factors (genomic aberrations, % CD38 and IGHVmutational status). About 45% of the CLL sera (N=10; 6 M-CLL, 4 U-CLL) drove macrophage maturation toward an M2-like phenotype, as assessed by surface expression of CD23, CD64, CD32, CD36, MRC1, etc. These 10 sera induced higher CD23 expression after 3 days in culture compared to AB human serum, whereas the levels of M1-specific markers (CD64 and CD32) did not change relative to the control. Interestingly all of these 10 CLL sera came from patients bearing 13q14 Δ (N=5), 17p13 Δ (N=3) or a combination of these (13q14 Δ + 17p13 Δ; N=1) and 17p13 Δ + trisomy12; N=1)). On the contrary, no increase in CD23 expression was detected in presence of sera from patients with 11q22 Δ (N=1) alone or in combination with 13q14 Δ (13q14 + 11q22 Δ; N=5). Of note, treatment with a neutralizing mAb specific for IL-4 did not block the CLL serum induced up-regulation of CD23 (N=2). In a parallel set of studies, normal monocytes were incubated with each of the 24 CLL sera in combination with the M1 promoting cytokine, IFNg or the M2 promoting cytokine, IL4. In all cases IL4 induced CD23 up-regulation and an M2 phenotype. Paradoxically, IFNg, which normally induces an M1 phenotype, also induced an M2 phenotype (i.e., enhanced CD23 expression) when co-cultured with sera from a subset patients (N=8; 6 M-CLL and 2 U-CLL). Of note, the IFNg stimulatory effect on CD23 expression was observed with a different set of sera from those that directly stimulated CD23 expression. Furthermore, CD64 expression did change after incubation with IFNg + CLL serum in 6 of 8 cases, yielding another unusual (CD23+CD64+) macrophage phenotype. The 2 sera that did not yield such hybrids were from M-CLL patients. Conclusions. Sera from CLL patients contain two apparently novel activities that mature normal monocytes to M2-like macrophages. The first acts directly by an action that is apparently independent of IL-4 and associates with 13q14 Δ or 17p13 Δ abnormalities. The second acts indirectly through IFNg and leads to macrophages with a hybrid M2/M1 phenotype (CD23+CD64+), suggestive of a new type of macrophage. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Prakash, Rahul, and S. N. Jha. "SEQUENCED STRAINS OF ASPERGILLUS SPECIES." GLOBAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH ANALYSIS, October 15, 2020, 76–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.36106/gjra/8109578.

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Aspergillus is a large genus of common contaminants having more than 180 species, a fifth of which is frequently recovered from humans and other animals. The clinically important among these are Aspergillus fumigatus causing aspergillosis followed by A.flavus, A.niger, A.terreus and A.nidulans. These all species are either of clinical or industrial importance. In addition, A.nidulans has been used as an excellent genetical test-system for the in-depth study of genetical damages of various kinds ranging from point mutation to large chromosomal aberrations (Jha et al. 2009).There has been substantial investment in sequencing and initial annotation of the first filamentous fungal genomes. Genomics give new tools for fungal biology that should allow more rapid transfer of ideas, knowledge and expertise between specialist areas. The aspergilli provide a good example of what can be gained from genome sequences and highlights some of the problems. The interest in this group comes from their importance as pathogens and allergens of humans (Aspergillus fumigatus; Neosartorya fischeri), plant pathogens (Aspergillus flavus; Aspergillus parasiticus), industrial organisms (Aspergillus oryzae; Aspergillus niger; Aspergillus terreus) and as a model organism (Aspergillus nidulans). Here we are trying to gather information studied by the various researchers.

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18

Sarma, Navina, Alexander Ullrich, Hendrik Wilking, Stéphane Ghozzi, Andreas K. Lindner, Christoph Weber, Alexandra Holzer, Andreas Jansen, Klaus Stark, and Sabine Vygen-Bonnet. "Surveillance on speed: Being aware of infectious diseases in migrants mass accommodations - an easy and flexible toolkit for field application of syndromic surveillance, Germany, 2016 to 2017." Eurosurveillance 23, no. 40 (October 4, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.es.2018.23.40.1700430.

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Europe received an increased number of migrants in 2015. Housing in inadequate mass accommodations (MA) made migrants prone to infectious disease outbreaks. In order to enhance awareness for infectious diseases (ID) and to detect clusters early, we developed and evaluated a syndromic surveillance system in three MA with medical centres in Berlin, Germany. Healthcare workers transferred daily data on 14 syndromes to the German public health institute (Robert Koch-Institute). Clusters of ID syndromes and single cases of outbreak-prone diseases produced a signal according to a simple aberration-detection algorithm that computes a statistical threshold above which a case count is considered unusually high. Between May 2016–April 2017, 9,364 syndromes were reported; 2,717 (29%) were ID, of those 2,017 (74%) were respiratory infections, 262 (10%) skin parasites, 181 (7%) gastrointestinal infections. The system produced 204 signals, no major outbreak was detected. The surveillance reinforced awareness for public health aspects of ID. It provided real-time data on migrants' health and stressed the burden of non-communicable diseases. The tool is available online and was evaluated as being feasible and flexible. It complements traditional notification systems. We recommend its usage especially when laboratory testing is not available and real-time data are needed.

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Moskát, Csaba, David M. Taylor, and Márk E. Hauber. "Effective conspecific communication with aberrant calls in the common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus)." Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 75, no. 1 (January 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-020-02946-6.

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Abstract The obligate brood parasitic common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) is best known for its two-note “cu-coo” call, which is uttered repeatedly by adult males during the breeding season. This call advertises the male’s claim for his territory. A rare, aberrant version (“cu-kee”) was discovered in a population of cuckoos in central Hungary. In a playback experiment, we simulated conspecific territorial intrusions using either aberrant call sequences or normal calls (as control). Cuckoos responded to both calls similarly by approaching the speaker, flying around it several times, and perching on nearby trees. To identify the role of each note of these cuckoo calls, we also played sequences of the first (“cu”) or second (“coo” or “kee”) notes of the calls. Territorial males responded to first notes at similarly high frequencies as to each of the full calls, whereas responses toward either second note type were nearly absent. Thus, the first notes of both typical and aberrant cuckoo calls contain sufficient information to recognize conspecific males and the novel calls did not reduce the efficiency of male-male communication in cuckoos because the aberration occurred in the less functional second note. Significance statement Birds use songs and calls to communicate with each other, including advertising their territories to keep competitors away. However, when the acoustic signal is atypical and distorted, the receiver individual may not process it correctly. Common cuckoos recognize a territorial intruder by their well-known “cu-coo” calls. We studied a rare, aberrant version of the common cuckoo call (“cu-kee”), which differed from the normal call in the second note of the two-partite call. However, cuckoos responded similarly to both of the normal and aberrant calls in a playback experiment. When the first or second parts of the different calls were played separately, only the first part of the cuckoo calls was effective in eliciting territorial defence. Consequently, the aberrant second note did not reduce cuckoos’ communication efficiency.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Parasitic aberrations'

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