Relevant bibliographies by topics / Parasitic protozoan

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Academic literature on the topic 'Parasitic protozoan'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Parasitic protozoan"

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SCHAUMBURG, F., D. HIPPE, P. VUTOVA, and C. G. K. LÜDER. "Pro- and anti-apoptotic activities of protozoan parasites." Parasitology 132, S1 (March 2006): S69—S85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182006000874.

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During infection, programmed cell death, i.e. apoptosis, is an important effector mechanism of innate and adaptive host responses to parasites. In addition, it fulfils essential functions in regulating host immunity and tissue homeostasis. Not surprisingly, however, adaptation of parasitic protozoa to their hosts also involves modulation or even exploitation of cell death in order to facilitate parasite survival in a hostile environment. During recent years, considerable progress has been made in our understanding of apoptosis during parasitic infections and there is now convincing evidence that apoptosis and its modulation by protozoan parasites has a major impact on the parasite-host interaction and on the pathogenesis of disease. This review updates our current knowledge on the diverse functions apoptosis may fulfil during infections with diverse protozoan parasites including apicomplexans, kinetoplastids and amoebae. Furthermore, we also summarize common mechanistic themes of the pro- and anti-apoptotic activities of protozoan parasites. The diverse and complex effects which parasitic protozoa exert on apoptotic cell death within the host highlight fascinating interactions of parasites and their hosts. Importantly, they also stress the importance of further investigations before the modulation of host cell apoptosis can be exploited to combat parasitic infections.
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Khanum, H., S. Shanjida Khanam, M. Sultana, M. H. Uddin, R. Chandra Dhar, and M. S. Islam. "Protozoan parasites in a wastewater treatment plant of Bangladesh." University Journal of Zoology, Rajshahi University 31 (June 18, 2013): 05–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v31i0.15372.

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Parasitic infection is a global health problem especially in developing countries. Municipal wastewaters always contain cysts of parasitic protozoans at some level. The present study was conducted to detect protozoan parasites in different stages of the treatment plant to check its efficacy. Wastewaters were collected from 3 points of the Pagla Sewage Treatent Plant (PSTP) of Dhaka, Bangladesh, throughout the year, 2007-08 at fortnight intervals. Giardia spp., Entamoeba spp., Entamoeba coli, Endolimax nana, Idoamoeba butschlii and Balantidium coli were detected at different times in different stages of the treatment plant. Among these Giardia and Entamoeba spp. were found most frequently than others. Both the prevalence and dominance of protozoan parasites were reduced gradually with the sampling point of the treatment plant which means that the treatment plant was effective in reducing protozoan parasites but not too effective to eliminate them completely.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ujzru.v31i0.15372Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 31, 2012 pp. 05-08
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Kabita, Fatima Nahar, Md Aminul Islam Bhuiyan, and Zannatun Nahar Jhinu. "A Checklist on the Protozoan Parasites of Freshwater Fishes of Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 48, no. 1 (June 29, 2020): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v48i1.47873.

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The current work has been proposed to accumulate baseline information regarding prevalence, diversity and distribution of the protozoan parasites found in the freshwater fishes of Bangladesh from its inception to 2019. This is an attempt to compile a baseline data on protozoan parasites of freshwater fishes in Bangladesh. A total of thirty four articles were reviewed whereas sixteen articles reported systematic, taxonomic and morphometric analysis of protozoan parasites, five articles described seasonal parasitic infestation in carp fishes including protozoan parasites, seven articles reported overall parasitic infestation along with protozoan infection, three articles described protozoan infection in consort with the histo-pathological analysis, one article revealed the occurrence of one protozoan parasite named Trypanosoma sp. and one study described monthly fluctuation of overall parasitic infection together with protozoan infestation. A number of thirty four freshwater fish species under nine orders in Bangladesh were retrieved on the mentioned articles and found 48 species of protozoan parasites under 19 genera. Noticeably, parasites under genus Trichodina was frequently found in the freshwater fish species. Most of the parasites were found from the gills (micro-habited) of the host fish. To sum up, from this compilation a primary database of protozoan parasites of freshwater fish species might be expected to establish that will be supportive for further extensive study. Bangladesh J. Zool. 48(1): 21-35, 2020
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Howells, R. E. "The modes of action of some anti-protozoal drugs." Parasitology 90, no. 4 (April 1985): 687–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000052318.

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In spite of the continuing need for new and improved anti-protozoal drugs for use in man, a considerable contraction of industrially based research on anti-protozoal drugs has occurred in recent years. Newton (1983) reviewed the reasons for this decline and presented a compelling argument that fundamental research on the biology of the parasites is essential for the discovery of leads for the development of a new generation of drugs – a rational chemotherapy. The rapid advance in knowledge of the biochemistry of parasitic protozoa which has occurred in recent years has provided a number of potential leads to new drug development and has permitted a greater understanding of the mode of action of many current drugs. The account of these advances which follows is necessarily selective and relates to protozoan parasites of man.
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MORGAN, U. M., and R. C. A. THOMPSON. "Molecular detection of parasitic protozoa." Parasitology 117, no. 7 (November 1999): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182099004102.

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The development of molecular diagnostic methods, particularly those utilizing PCR for the detection of parasitic protozoa will contribute greatly to the identification and control of these pathogens, by increasing speed of diagnosis, specificity and sensitivity, reproducibility and ease of interpretation. PCR methods are not without their problems however, and there is a need for laboratory procedures to be refined before PCR-based assays are accepted as the tools of choice for the routine detection of protozoan parasites. The application of PCR detection to various parasites is discussed.
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Karpiyevich, Maryia, and Katerina Artavanis-Tsakonas. "Ubiquitin-Like Modifiers: Emerging Regulators of Protozoan Parasites." Biomolecules 10, no. 10 (October 3, 2020): 1403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10101403.

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Post-translational protein regulation allows for fine-tuning of cellular functions and involves a wide range of modifications, including ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like modifiers (Ubls). The dynamic balance of Ubl conjugation and removal shapes the fates of target substrates, in turn modulating various cellular processes. The mechanistic aspects of Ubl pathways and their biological roles have been largely established in yeast, plants, and mammalian cells. However, these modifiers may be utilised differently in highly specialised and divergent organisms, such as parasitic protozoa. In this review, we explore how these parasites employ Ubls, in particular SUMO, NEDD8, ATG8, ATG12, URM1, and UFM1, to regulate their unconventional cellular physiology. We discuss emerging data that provide evidence of Ubl-mediated regulation of unique parasite-specific processes, as well as the distinctive features of Ubl pathways in parasitic protozoa. We also highlight the potential to leverage these essential regulators and their cognate enzymatic machinery for development of therapeutics to protect against the diseases caused by protozoan parasites.
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D'Ambrosio, Katia, Claudiu T. Supuran, and Giuseppina De Simone. "Are Carbonic Anhydrases Suitable Targets to Fight Protozoan Parasitic Diseases?" Current Medicinal Chemistry 25, no. 39 (January 17, 2019): 5266–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867325666180326160121.

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Protozoans belonging to Plasmodium, Leishmania and Trypanosoma genera provoke widespread parasitic diseases with few treatment options and many of the clinically used drugs experiencing an extensive drug resistance phenomenon. In the last several years, the metalloenzyme Carbonic Anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) was cloned and characterized in the genome of these protozoa, with the aim to search for a new drug target for fighting malaria, leishmaniasis and Chagas disease. P. falciparum encodes for a CA (PfCA) belonging to a novel genetic family, the η-CA class, L. donovani chagasi for a β-CA (LdcCA), whereas T. cruzi genome contains an α-CA (TcCA). These three enzymes were characterized in detail and a number of in vitro potent and selective inhibitors belonging to the sulfonamide, thiol, dithiocarbamate and hydroxamate classes were discovered. Some of these inhibitors were also effective in cell cultures and animal models of protozoan infections, making them of considerable interest for the development of new antiprotozoan drugs with a novel mechanism of action.
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Salehi Kahyesh, Roya, Arash Alghasi, Shekoufe Haddadi, and Asaad Sharhani. "Intestinal Parasites Infection in Children with Cancer in Ahvaz, Southwest Iran." Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases 2020 (December 24, 2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8839740.

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Background. Infection with intestinal parasites is widespread worldwide, especially in developing countries. Intestinal parasites are known as one of the leading causes of diarrhea in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised subjects, but cancer patients are highly susceptible to contamination, and it can be deadly for them. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of intestinal parasites in immunocompromised patients in Ahvaz. Material and Methods. In this descriptive cross-sectional pilot case-control study, fecal samples were collected from 52 children with malignancies hospitalized in Baqaei2 hospital in Ahvaz. A questionnaire including demographic information, type of cancer, type of gastrointestinal symptoms, and laboratory diagnosis was completed for each patient. The collected specimens were examined by direct smear, Logul staining, and concentration. Result. The 52 stool samples were collected, 46% were female and 54% male. The age range of children enrolled in the study was from 4 months to 16 years. Of these stool samples, 38.38% were infected with a variety of parasitic intestinal infections (helminths and protozoa). In this study, protozoan parasites, Blastocystis (23%), Chilomastix mesnili (1.92%), Endolimax nana (7.7%), and Entamoeba coli (1.92%), and helminth infection, Strongyloides stercoralis (3.84%), were observed and statistical analysis showed that there was a significant relationship between gastrointestinal symptoms and parasitic infection in children with cancer. Conclusion. Blastocystis and Endolimax nana are the most prevalent gastrointestinal parasitic protozoans that infect individuals admitted to Baqaei2 Hospital of Ahvaz, Iran. Since parasitic intestinal infections in immunocompromised patients lead to fatal diarrhea, children with parasitic infections must be carefully identified and treated.
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Dumetz, Franck, and Catherine Merrick. "Parasitic Protozoa: Unusual Roles for G-Quadruplexes in Early-Diverging Eukaryotes." Molecules 24, no. 7 (April 5, 2019): 1339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24071339.

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Guanine-quadruplex (G4) motifs, at both the DNA and RNA levels, have assumed an important place in our understanding of the biology of eukaryotes, bacteria and viruses. However, it is generally little known that their very first description, as well as the foundational work on G4s, was performed on protozoans: unicellular life forms that are often parasitic. In this review, we provide a historical perspective on the discovery of G4s, intertwined with their biological significance across the protozoan kingdom. This is a history in three parts: first, a period of discovery including the first characterisation of a G4 motif at the DNA level in ciliates (environmental protozoa); second, a period less dense in publications concerning protozoa, during which DNA G4s were discovered in both humans and viruses; and third, a period of renewed interest in protozoa, including more mechanistic work in ciliates but also in pathogenic protozoa. This last period has opened an exciting prospect of finding new anti-parasitic drugs to interfere with parasite biology, thus adding new compounds to the therapeutic arsenal.
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Sultana, Yasmin, Sabina Karim, Gouri Rani Banik, Harunor Rashid, and Rogan Lee. "Parasitic Infections in Children with Disability in Resource Poor Settings: The Research Gaps." Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets 20, no. 3 (July 20, 2020): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871526518666181022103750.

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The burden of parasitic infections among children with disability in resource-poor settings has not been summarised through a focused review. Here, we have summarised the key studies reporting the burden of parasitic infections among children without and with a disability. In most instances, among children without disability, Giardia or soil-transmitted helminths dominate the epidemiology, while among disabled individuals, enteric protozoa are the predominant parasites to be reported in both resource-rich and resource-poor countries. Cryptosporidium is generally the leading protozoan to be detected among these populations but all other parasites have been detected in varying frequencies. There is a paucity of data on the precise epidemiology of parasitic infections in children with disability. A large-scale epidemiological study, using modern genomic methodology, is a research priority.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Parasitic protozoan"

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Martínez, Flórez Alba. "Drug repurposing of bioenergetic modulators: use in treatment and vaccination of protozoan parasitic diseases." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/458381.

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Las leishmaniasis, la tripanosomiasis Americana y Africana, y la malaria son enfermedades parasitarias que constituyen un importante problema de salud global que afecta mayoritariamente a países en desarrollo. El aumento del número de resistencias a sus tratamientos actuales, su toxicidad y la necesidad de asistencia sanitaria para la aplicación de los mismos reflejan la urgente necesidad de desarrollar vacunas eficaces y nuevos tratamientos económicos, fáciles de administrar y resistentes a condiciones de almacenamiento adversas. Basándonos en que estas enfermedades parasitarias comparten requerimientos metabólicos con patologías mejor estudiadas, proponemos el reposicionamiento de fármacos para tratarlas. Bajo esta premisa, seis fármacos de eficacia probada en la investigación contra el cáncer ―dicloroacetato (DCA), 3‐bromopiruvato (3BP), 2‐ deoxi‐D‐glucosa (2DG), lonidamina (LND), metformina (MET) y sirolimus (SIR)― fueron seleccionados por su habilidad para modular rutas metabólicas relacionadas con la producción de energía y proliferación. El objetivo de este estudio fue validar el uso de estos moduladores bioenergéticos para el control de la leishmaniasis visceral, malaria y tripanosomiasis americana y africana como tratamiento o como potenciadores de la protección de una vacuna frente a L. infantum. Para ello, se evaluó la eficacia de estos compuestos en modelos in vitro de cada parasito ―enfermedad de Chagas (Trypanosoma cruzi), tripanosomiasis Africana (Trypanosoma brucei), leishmaniasis visceral (Leishmania infantum) y malaria (Plasmodium falciparum)―. El 3BP y el DCA indujeron una reducción dosis‐dependiente del crecimiento de los amastigotes intracelulares de L. infantum con IC50 de 17.19 μM y 631.5 μM, respectivamente. En el modelo in vitro de T. brucei, todos los compuestos testados, a excepción de 2DG, afectaron a la viabilidad del parásito: DCA (IC50 = 1.24 mM), 3BP (IC50 = 76.57 μM), LND (IC50 = 26.76 μM), SIR (IC50 = 2.14 μM), y MET (IC50 = 17.30 Mm). En el caso de los amastigotes intracelulares de T. cruzi, DCA, 3BP, 2DG, LND, y MET tuvieron efecto parasiticida con valores de IC50 de 27.07 mM, 27.63 μM, 7.27 mM, 78.37 μM, y 18.48 mM, respectivamente. DCA (IC50 = 5.39 mM), 2DG (IC50 = 4.19 mM), LND (IC50 = 209.13 μM), MET (IC50 = 1.32 mM), y SIR (IC50 = 2.50 μM), mostraron efecto antiparasitario sobre trofozoitos de P. falciparum. Estos resultados sugieren que estos fármacos podrían ser útiles para tratar estas enfermedades parasitarias. Sin embargo, cuando los compuestos eficaces en los modelos in vitro fueron administrados en modelos in vivo de roedor para cada una de las enfermedades, ninguno de ellos contribuyó al control de la enfermedad o de la carga parasitaria. Los resultados obtenidos en el modelo de leishmaniasis visceral en hámster revelaron una disminución de la activación del sistema inmune en los animales tratados con DCA y 3BP, lo cual podría haber contribuido al fracaso del tratamiento. Por último, se estudió la capacidad del SIR para potenciar el efecto protector de una vacuna frente a la leishmaniasis visceral en el modelo hámster. Para ello se administró SIR durante la fase de expansión y contracción del sistema inmune producido por una vacuna de DNA portadora de los genes LACK, TRYP, PAPLE22, y KMPII de Leishmania, y se estudió la respuesta frente al posterior desafío con L. infantum. Los resultados muestran que la vacuna de DNA indujo la reducción eficaz de la carga parasitaria en piel (P = 0.0004) y linfonodos (P = 0.0452), lo cual potenció la administración del SIR alcanzándose también protección parasitológica en bazo (P = 0.0004). El estudio de los marcadores inmunológicos en dicho órgano sugiere que la producción controlada de IFN‐γ y el incremento en la expresión de FoxP3 podrían ser los responsables de la protección alcanzada.
Leishmaniases, African and American trypanosomiases and malaria are parasitic diseases that constitute a major global health problem. The increasing number of drug‐resistances to their current treatments, toxicity cases and the health assistance often required for their administration, makes it urgently necessary to develop efficient vaccines for humans and new affordable therapies, easy to apply and resistant to harsh storage conditions. Due to the fact that these diseases share similar metabolic requirements with better studied diseases, we chose drug repurposing as a potentially effective approach against them. With this purpose, six different compounds used in anti‐cancer research —dichloroacetate (DCA), 3‐bromopyruvate (3BP), 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (2DG), lonidamine (LND), metformin (MET), and sirolimus (SIR)— were selected according to their ability to modulate energy production and proliferation related metabolic pathways. The aim of this study was to validate the suitability of these bioenergetics modulators for the management of visceral leishmaniasis, malaria and African and American trypanosomiasis as a treatment, or as a preventive tool by enhancing the protective power of a vaccine against L. infantum. The effectiveness of these compounds was first evaluated on in vitro models of each parasite ― Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi), human African trypanosomiasis (Trypanosoma brucei), visceral leishmaniasis (Leishmania infantum) and malaria (Plasmodium falciparum)―. L. infantum promastigotes were not susceptible to these compounds, whereas L. infantum intracellular amastigote growth was dose‐dependently reduced by 3BP (IC50 = 17.19 μM) and DCA (IC50 = 631.5 μM). In the T. brucei in vitro model all the tested compounds, with the exception of 2DG, affected parasite survival with IC50 values of 1.24 mM for DCA, 76.57 μM for 3BP, 26.76 μM for LND, 2.14 μM for SIR, and 17.30 mM for MET. In the case of T. cruzi, DCA, 3BP, 2DG, LND, and MET showed parasite‐killing activity with IC50 values of 27.07 mM, 27.63 μM, 7.27 mM, 78.37 μM, and 18.48 mM, respectively. For P. falciparum DCA (IC50 = 5.39 mM), 2DG (IC50 = 4.19 mM), LND (IC50 = 209.13 μM), MET (IC50 = 1.32 mM), and SIR (IC50 = 2.50 μM), showed antiplasmodial activity. These results reinforce the hypothesis that drugs with proven efficacy in the treatment of cancer by interfering with energy production might be useful in treating threatening parasitic diseases and provide new opportunities for their repurposing. However, when compounds that were effective in the in vitro approach were administered to the in vivo rodent models of these diseases, none of them contributed to disease management or parasite load control. Immunological analysis in the VL hamster model revealed a significant downregulation of immune‐activation in infected animals treated with DCA and 3BP, which may also contribute to treatment failure. In the last chapter of this work, the suitability of sirolimus as an immunomodulatory compound to boost the activity of a preventive vaccine against VL was analyzed. Sirolimus is an already marketed compound that has been described to boost immune protection against different disease models. In our study, Syrian hamsters were treated with sirolimus concomitantly with the administration of a plasmid DNA vaccine carrying the Leishmania genes LACK, TRYP, PAPLE22 and KMPII, and the subsequent response towards a L. infantum challenge was studied. Our results show that the DNA vaccine itself efficiently reduced the burden of parasites in skin (P = 0.0004) and lymph nodes (P = 0.0452), which was potentiated by SIR administration by also inducing parasitological protection in the spleen (P = 0.0004). The study of immune markers in spleen suggests that lower production of IFN‐γ and the concurrent increase of FoxP3+ expression may be responsible for the protection mediated by the DNA vaccine that was potentiated by sirolimus.
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Griffiths, Samantha. "Host innate immune interactions with the parasitic protozoan trypanosoma brucei." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.445765.

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Yichoy, Mayte. "Lipid uptake and metabolism in the parasitic protozoan giardia lamblia." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2009. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

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Chalmers, Rachel. "The distribution of Cryptosporidium in livestock and wild animal populations on a Warwickshire farm." Thesis, Coventry University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318154.

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Fazaeli, Asghar. "Development of molecular markers for the typing and genetic analysis of Toxoplasma gondii." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367484.

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To develop robust and reproducible methods for molecular typing of Toxoplasma strains, the DNA regions of 5S rDNA, 28S-18S rDNA IGS SAG2, and GRA6 loci were examined. The 5S sequences were identical among 24 different strains; sequencing of the IGS region showed a few polymorphisms (0.66%) distinguishing virulence types. The IGS PCR-RFLP methods were developed and used to examine 29 strains of different virulence types. Sequence analysis of the IGS 5'-end showed great diversity between Neospora caninum and T. gondii. The IGS-RFLPs also clearly distinguished between those two closely related species. Nucleotide sequencing of the SAG2 locus (a surface antigen coding gene) showed 1.37% polymorphisms among 24 strains. Apart from a single nucleotide change at the 5'-flanking region, the type III and type I strains were identical. However, three new alleles of this locus were identified in minor variants of the strains. Analysis of the coding region of the GRA6 locus (a dense granule antigen coding gene) revealed a great degree of polymorphisms (3.24%) among 33 strains. Nine different alleles, representing the three current types and the minor variants of strains were characterised at this locus. A PCR-RFLP based on GRA6 polymorphisms was developed which could distinguish the three major types of T. gondii. This marker proved to be a suitable tool for a population study of the Toxoplasma parasite. The predominance of non-synonymous nucleotide substitutions in SAG2 and GRA6 genes confirmed positive selection in these loci, suggesting they play an important role in the parasite virulence. Phylogenetic analysis based on the multi-locus sequence alignment showed the existence of more than three lineages in Toxoplasma populations.
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Cox, Sian Sarah Eileen. "Characterisation of putative phosphatidylinositol-3 kinases in the parasitic protozoan giardia instestinalis." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.498208.

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Petersen, Eskild. "Diagnosis of infection with toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women, neonates and immunocompromised patients /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-456-2/.

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Renteria, Flores Axel. "Novel drugs against protozoan parasites." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116979.

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Cryptosporidium parvum and Trypanosoma brucei are two protozoan parasites that can cause life-threatening illnesses in humans. Over 70 million people on the African continent are at risk of contracting T.brucei. In the case of C.parvum, infections are cosmopolitan, and a major problem is that it can be acquired very easily and requires only an infectious dose of 10 oocysts to cause the illness. If released in the public water supplies, C.parvum can endanger entire cities. This is one reason why C.parvum is categorized as a Class B bioterrorist weapon. Despite the threat C.parvum poses and the severe illness T.brucei causes, current treatments against these parasites are insufficient. These treatments fail to consistently eliminate the parasites and cause many adverse side effects. Furthermore, no significant improvements to the efficacy of these currently available treatments have been made. Given the need to find new drugs against these parasites and improve treatments, we tested the anti-parasitic activity of two compounds against T.brucei and C.parvum, respectively. First, we looked at the in vivo activity of TH-III-149, a cyclopropyl-indol, against T. brucei and then the in vitro and in vivo activity of oleyl-PC, a phosphocholine analog, against C. parvum. To begin, we looked at the effects of TH-III-149 against T.brucei by using a CD1 mouse model of infection. We demonstrated that an 8mg/kg treatment of TH-III-149 for three days resulted in a significant decrease in parasite replication rates compared to non-treated mice. By real-time PCR quantification of blood parasitemia, we showed that non-treated, T.brucei-infected mice had a thousand-fold increase in parasite burden between day 2 and 4 of infection. In comparison, only a 7.5-fold increase in parasite burden was observed in mice treated with TH-III-149. Results from blood smears and microscopy also confirmed this reduction in the replication rate of parasites. The treatment of infected mice with TH-III-149 delayed the patent period (appearance of parasites in the blood smear) by two days when compared to non-treated mice. In non-treated mice, parasite in the blood smears appeared at day 4 of the infection, while TH-III-149-treated mice only exhibited parasites in the blood smears at day 6. In addition, this compound showed minimal signs of toxicity, as non-infected mice treated with 8mg/kg of TH-III-149 for three days did not exhibit weight loss, hepatomegaly or splenomegaly. Therefore, our results support the development of TH-III-149 as a new treatment against T.brucei. In parallel, we also tested oleyl-PC against C.parvum. We showed that in vitro oleyl-PC has an IC50 of 22.9nM against C.parvum. Toxicity was evaluated using human ileocecal adenocarcinoma cells (HCT-8 cells) and was not significant at concentrations below 100µM (TC50=153.7 µM). The ratio between the TC50 and the IC50 allowed us to calculate a therapeutic index of 6.7x103. The in vivo animal study confirmed the activity of oleyl-PC previously seen in vitro. Treating C57BL/6 IFNγR-KO mice with 40mg/kg of oleyl-PC for ten days resulted in the cure (clearance of blood parasitemia) in 75% of the mice and a percent survival of 100% after 30 days (P < 0.001). In contrast, all of the non-treated mice succumbed to C. parvum infection and died by day 11. Using real-time PCR, oleyl-PC-treated mice showed no detectable levels of parasitic DNA in their intestines 30 days post infection, which indicates that these mice successfully cleared their parasitic infections. These results were confirmed by histological analysis of sections of the ileum which were clear of C.parvum oocysts. Furthermore, after ten days of treatment with 40mg/kg of oleyl-PC, no signs of toxicity were seen in treated mice; non-infected oleyl-PC-treated mice were monitored for visible behavioral changes and weight loss. Therefore, our results support the development of oleyl-PC as a new safe and effective treatment against C.parvum.
Cryptosporidium parvum et Trypanosoma brucei sont deux parasites protozoaires qui peuvent causer des maladies mortelles chez les humains. Confinées au continent africain, les infections dues à T.brucei affectent plus de 70 millions d'habitants. Dans le cas de C.parvum, les infections qui sont cosmopolites causent un problème majeur puisque la dose infectieuse n'est que de 10 oocysts. De plus, ce parasite peut être obtenu facilement et peut mettre en danger plusieurs villes, s'il est relâché dans les eaux potables. C'est un des raisons pourquoi ce parasite a été catégorisé comme une arme bio-terroriste de classe B. Malgré les risques majeurs associés à C.parvum et la maladie sévère de T.brucei, aucun progrès n'a été fait pour améliorer les traitements actuels. Ceux-ci n'ont toujours pas réussi à démontrer leur efficacité en plus de causer des effets secondaires sérieux. Vu le besoin urgent de trouver de meilleurs traitements, nous avons testé l'activité de TH-III-149, un indole-cyclopropane, contre T.brucei dans une étude in vivo ainsi que le oleyl-PC, un analogue de la phosphocholine, contre C.parvum dans des études in vitro et in vivo. Pour commencer, nous avons observé les effets du TH-III-149 contre T.brucei dans un modèle de souris CD1. Les résultats in vivo ont démontré qu'un traitement de trois jours en utilisant 8 mg/kg cause une réduction significative dans le taux de réplication du parasite en comparaison aux souris non-traitées. En utilisant le PCR en temps réel comme méthode de quantification, nous avons démontré que la charge en parasite dans le sang des souris non-traitées a augmenté de mille fois entre les jours 2 et 4, tandis qu'elle n'a augmenté que de 7.5 fois dans les souris qui ont été traitées. Les résultats des frottis sanguins ont confirmé cette réduction dans le taux de réplication des parasites. En effet, l'apparition de parasites dans les frottis sanguins a été observée dès le jour 4 de l'infection dans les souris non-traitées, tandis qu'elle n'a pu être observée qu'à partir du jour 6 dans les souris traitées avec le TH-III-149. De plus, ce composé n'a pas révélé de signes de toxicité car les groupes de souris non-infectées traitées pendant trois jours avec 8 mg/kg n'ont pas démontré de splénomégalie, d'hépatomégalie ni de perte de poids. Donc, nos résultats supportent le développement de TH-III-149 en tant que nouveau traitement contre les infections de T.brucei. En parallèle, nous avons aussi testé l'oleyl-PC contre C.parvum. Nos résultats in vitro démontrent que la concentration nécessaire pour réduire de 50% le taux de réplication du parasite (IC50) est de 25nM. La toxicité a été évaluée en utilisant une culture entérique humaine en couche monocellulaire (HCT-8). Les résultats de celle-ci démontrent que les premiers signes de toxicité apparaissent à partir de 100µM (TC50=123µM). Le ratio entre le TC50 et le IC50 a permis de calculer un index thérapeutique de 5x103. Les résultats in vivo ont servis à confirmer l'activité in vitro de oleyl-PC. En effet, le traitement de dix jours des souris C57BL/6 IFNγR-KO avec 40mg/kg de oleyl-PC a réussi à guérir (absence de parasitémie sanguine) 75% des souris, tout en gardant un taux de survie de 100% après le jour 30 (P<0.001). En contraste, toutes les souris non-traitées ont succombées à l'infection à la fin du jour 11. En utilisant le PCR en temps réel, aucune trace d'ADN provenant de C.parvum n'a pu être détectée dans les intestins de ces souris 30 jours après l'infection. Ces résultats ont été confirmés par l'analyse des lamelles histologique de l'ilium de ces souris où l'absence d'oocyst de C.parvum a été observée. De plus, chez les souris non-infectées, un traitement de dix jours avec 40 mg/kg de oleyl-PC n'a pas causé d'effets secondaires visibles tels qu'une perte de poids. Donc, nos résultats supportent le développement de l'oleyl-PC en tant que nouveau traitement sécuritaire et efficace contre les infections de C.parvum.
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9

O'Donoghue, Peter John. "Characterization of parasitic protozoa in Australia /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe.pdf.

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Feener, Troy Douglass. "Ingestion of waterborne protozoan parasites by Daphnia." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0020/MQ55205.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Parasitic protozoan"

1

Clark, C. Graham. Anaerobic parasitic protozoa: Genomics and molecular biology. Wymondham: Caister Academic Press, 2010.

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Chermette, R. Cryptosporidiosis: A cosmopolitan disease in animals and in man. 2nd ed. Paris, France: Office international des epizooties, 1988.

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R, Baker John, ed. Parasitic protozoa. Boston: Allen & Unwin, 1987.

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Parasites. New York: AV2 by Weigl, 2012.

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Kreier, J. P., and J. R. Baker. Parasitic Protozoa. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6847-2.

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Mandal, F. B. Catalouge [i.e. Catalogue] of the protozoans occurring in reptiles from India. Calcutta: Zoological Survey of India, 1993.

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Lom, Jiří. Protozoan parasites of fishes. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1992.

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Vasil, Golemanski, and Margaritov Nikola, eds. Protozoan parasites of fishes. Sofia: Professor Marin Drimov Academic Pub. House, 2006.

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Meyer, Fred P. Protozoan parasites of freshwater fishes. [Washington, DC]: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1990.

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Florin-Christensen, Monica, and Leonhard Schnittger, eds. Parasitic Protozoa of Farm Animals and Pets. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70132-5.

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Book chapters on the topic "Parasitic protozoan"

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Salfelder, K., T. R. de Liscano, and E. Sauerteig. "Protozoan Diseases." In Atlas of Parasitic Pathology, 13–95. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2228-3_2.

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Guiliano, David B., and Tracey J. Lamb. "Introduction to Protozoan Infections." In Immunity to Parasitic Infection, 59–89. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118393321.ch2.

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Geary, Timothy G., and James B. Jensen. "Protozoan Infections of Man: Malaria." In Chemotherapy of Parasitic Diseases, 87–114. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1233-8_3.

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Rew, Robert S. "Protozoan Infections of Man: African Trypanosomiasis." In Chemotherapy of Parasitic Diseases, 129–37. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1233-8_5.

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Kovacs, Joseph A., and Henry Masur. "Protozoan Infections of Man: Other Infections." In Chemotherapy of Parasitic Diseases, 139–58. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1233-8_6.

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McGreevy, Patrick B., and Philip D. Marsden. "Protozoan Infections of Man: American Trypanosomiasis and Leishmaniasis." In Chemotherapy of Parasitic Diseases, 115–27. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1233-8_4.

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McDougald, L. R. "Protozoan Infections of Domestic Animals: Coccidian and Related Infections." In Chemotherapy of Parasitic Diseases, 159–70. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1233-8_7.

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Tsutsumi, Yutaka. "Histopathological Diagnosis of Protozoan Infection Using Patients’ Sera." In Host Response to International Parasitic Zoonoses, 69–81. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68281-3_7.

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Masoud, Nagham Gamal, Nagwa Mostafa El-Sayed, and Manar Ezz Elarab Ramadan. "Implications of Extracellular Vesicles in Blood Protozoan Parasitic Diseases." In Role of Exosomes in Biological Communication Systems, 261–76. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6599-1_12.

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Mehta, Riti, and Souvik Sengupta. "Application of Nanotherapeutics for Combating Human Protozoan Parasitic Infections." In Emerging Trends in Nanomedicine, 203–34. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9920-0_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Parasitic protozoan"

1

Kataev, Alexander, and Dmitriy Kadochnikov. "Hidden causal factors of a medical nature affecting qualifying signs for determining the severity of harm caused to human health when committing crimes against sexual inviolability and sexual freedom of an individual." In Issues of determining the severity of harm caused to human health as a result of the impact of a biological factor. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/conferencearticle_5fdcb03a8e0864.60330005.

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The article considers hidden causal factors of a medical nature (in the form of pathogens of bacterial, viral, protozoal and fungal infections, as well as parasitic diseases) that cannot be detected by visual examination of the subject and require additional laboratory research methods. The necessity of taking into account such factors and the possibility of identifying them is shown for a more objective forensic examination of sexual offenses.
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Livage, Jacques, J. Y. Barreau, J. M. Da Costa, and I. Desportes. "Optical detection of parasitic protozoa in sol-gel matrices." In SPIE's 1994 International Symposium on Optics, Imaging, and Instrumentation, edited by John D. Mackenzie. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.188984.

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Sullivan, Adam, Xiaopeng Zhao, and Chunlei Su. "Mathematical Modeling of Within-Host Dynamics of Toxoplasma Gondii." In ASME 2011 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference and Bath/ASME Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2011-6133.

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Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan capable of replicating sexually in cats and asexually in other warm-blooded animals. By using a three dimensional mesh of both the brain and spleen, it is possible to simulate using a computational model to demonstrate the entire life-cycle within an intermediate host of the parasite as it completes the life-cycle using host cells of these organs. A cellular automata model is developed to demonstrate the dynamics of the parasite, where each cell follows the same set of rules for each discrete time-step. This cellular automata model allows for data simulations to be run of the parasite within a mouse and display graphical images and animations.
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Morris, Arthur, Justin Pachebat, Guy Robinson, Rachel Chalmers, and Martin Swain. "Identifying and Resolving Genome Misassembly Issues Important for Biomarker Discovery in the Protozoan Parasite, Cryptosporidium." In 10th International Conference on Bioinformatics Models, Methods and Algorithms. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007397200900100.

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Abdalla, Mohamed A. E., and Huseyin Seker. "Recognition of protozoan parasites from microscopic images: Eimeria species in chickens and rabbits as a case study." In 2017 39th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2017.8037124.

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