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Journal articles on the topic 'Parasitism'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Wiley, James W. "Anti-brood parasite strategies of naïve populations of nesting birds in Puerto Rico." Journal of Caribbean Ornithology 25, no. 2 (2012): 41–63. https://doi.org/10.55431/jco.2012.25.41-63.

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Abstract: The Shiny Cowbird (Molothrus bonariensis), a generalist brood parasite, arrived in Puerto Rico in the 1940s or early 1950s. No previous record of brood parasites exists for Puerto Rico, so the avian communities had no defenses specialized to counter cowbird parasitism. Nevertheless, some native species were parasitized at high rates, whereas others were able to avoid cowbird parasitism. I examined native bird behaviors that reduced the chance of parasitism, with the prediction that some ecological or behavioral mechanisms used to counter nest depredation may effectively counter paras

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2

Joshua B. LaPergola, C. Justin Proctor, Hodali Almonte, and Kate J. Wallace. "Mortality of an adult Antillean Palm Swift (<em>Tachornis phoenicobia</em>) associated with <em>Philornis</em> sp. parasitism in the Sierra De Bahoruco, Dominican Republic." Journal of Caribbean Ornithology 36 (April 17, 2023): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.55431/jco.2023.36.36-44.

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 Abstract The ecological importance of avian myiasis caused by fly (Diptera) larvae, especially in the genus Philornis, remains poorly understood. One major gap in our knowledge is which bird species experience such parasitism. We present here the first report of Philornis parasitism on an adult Antillean Palm Swift (Tachornis phoenicobia) from the Dominican Republic, representing the first documented record of Philornis parasitism of a swift species (Apodidae). The host bird was found dead shortly after being observed alive with clear evidence of myiasis, and we suggest the bird’s death

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3

Bourne, Mitchel E., Gabriele Gloder, Berhane T. Weldegergis, et al. "Parasitism causes changes in caterpillar odours and associated bacterial communities with consequences for host-location by a hyperparasitoid." PLOS Pathogens 19, no. 3 (2023): e1011262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1011262.

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Microorganisms living in and on macroorganisms may produce microbial volatile compounds (mVOCs) that characterise organismal odours. The mVOCs might thereby provide a reliable cue to carnivorous enemies in locating their host or prey. Parasitism by parasitoid wasps might alter the microbiome of their caterpillar host, affecting organismal odours and interactions with insects of higher trophic levels such as hyperparasitoids. Hyperparasitoids parasitise larvae or pupae of parasitoids, which are often concealed or inconspicuous. Odours of parasitised caterpillars aid them to locate their host, b

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4

Santos, Luan Alberto Odorizzi, and Laila Herta Mihsfeldt. "Capacidade de Busca e de Parasitismo de Cotesia flavipes Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) em Lagartas de Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)." EntomoBrasilis 7, no. 2 (2014): 106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v7i2.333.

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A capacidade do parasitoide de localizar e parasitar o hospedeiro estão diretamente relacionados ao sucesso do controle biológico de pragas. Diante disso, o presente trabalho avaliou o efeito da idade de Cotesia flavipes Cameron na capacidade busca e no parasitismo em lagartas de Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius) em condições de laboratório. Realizou-se uma liberação de 2000 parasitoides com 24 horas de idade. Foram colocados 40 internódios infestados artificialmente com a broca, na distância de cinco e dez metros, num total de 80 colmos por avaliação, durante seis dias. Constatou-se que no pri

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5

Haryati, Siti, Y. Andi Trisyono, and Witjaksono Witjaksono. "Parasitism of The Rice Brown Planthopper Eggs in Various Periods of Time of The Day." Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia 20, no. 1 (2016): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jpti.16621.

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The rice brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) is an important pest of rice. Since at the early stage, this pest is infested by parasitoids, but most cultural practices do not consider the existences of parasitoids in rice ecosystem. This study was aimed to determine the level of parasitism on N. lugens with regard to the time of the day. This information would be useful to minimize the effect of insecticide application to the parasitoids. Trapping of egg parasitoids in rice ecosystem was conducted every two hours from 05.00 a.m. until 04.00 p.m. Parasitism occured as

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6

N, SIVAPRAKASAMI, BALASUBRAMANIAN G, JAYARAMAN V, NARAYANAN A, and VENKATESAN S. "FIELD RECOVERY OF Eucelatoria brvani ON Heliothis armigera (Hubner)." Madras Agricultural Journal 73, November (1986): 614–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a02321.

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Studies made on the field recovery of Eucalatorja bryani Sabroky from Heliothis armigera Hubner indicated that there was effective parasitism from December, to April to an extent of 20 per cent and emergence of adult flies was 9 from each parasitised larvan The pencentage of parasitism and emergence of adult flies were significantly high from the larvae of Heliothis armigera collected from tomato followed by redgram and Lab-lab. A positive correlation was found to exist between the number of larvae parasitised vs. percentage of parasitism as well as with the number of adult flies emerged. Regr

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7

De Barro, P. J., and M. T. Coombs. "Post-release evaluation of Eretmocerus hayati Zolnerowich and Rose in Australia." Bulletin of Entomological Research 99, no. 2 (2008): 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485308006445.

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AbstractBemisia tabaci biotype B is a significant pest of agriculture world-wide. It was first detected in Australia in 1994. Assessments of the potential of parasitoids already present in Australia to control this pest indicated that two species of Eretmocerus and 11 species of Encarsia were present, but they did not exert sufficient control with a combined average of 5.0±0.3% apparent parasitism of 4th instars. Further, only 25% of samples containing biotype B had parasitised individuals present. The surveys also identified that fewer B biotype were being parasitised compared with the Austra

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8

Rodrigues, William Costa, and Paulo Cesar Rodrigues Cassino. "Parasitóides Associados a Cochonilhas e Aleirodídeos (Sternorrhyncha) de Plantas Cítricas no Estado do Rio de Janeiro." EntomoBrasilis 5, no. 1 (2012): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v5i1.177.

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Com o propósito de conhecer os parasitóides de cochonilhas e aleirodídeos, associados às plantas cítricas no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, foram realizadas coletas de folhas contendo os fitoparasitos: Aleurothrixus floccosus (Maskell), Tetraleurodes (=Aleurotrachelus) cruzi (Cassino), Paraleyrodes bondari Peracchi, Coccus viridis (Green), Crysomphalus ficus (Ashmead), Orthezia praelonga (Douglas) e Pinnaspis aspidistrae (Signoret), sendo estas limpas, em seguida procedia-se a eliminação dos organismo que eram objeto de estudo (cada folha permanecia com um única espécie de fitoparasito, para que os

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McNeill, M. R., J. M. Kean, and S. L. Goldson. "Parasitism by Microctonus aethiopoides on a novel host Listronotus bonariensis in Canterbury pastures." New Zealand Plant Protection 55 (August 1, 2002): 280–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2002.55.3953.

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The parasitoids Microctonus aethiopoides and M hyperodae have been introduced as biological control agents against Sitona discoideus and Argentine stem weevil Listronotus bonariensis respectively Collections from ryegrass/white clover pastures in midCanterbury found that M aethiopoides was widespread in L bonariensis despite the weevil being a novel host Microctonus aethiopoides was recovered from 83 of the 65 sites sampled in Canterbury with parasitism rates of 0419 Studies in lucerne crops showed that M aethiopoides preferentially parasitised its natural host S discoideus although in some ca

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Karindah, Sri, Sutanto Sutanto, E. Siswanto, and L. Sulistyowati. "Parasitoid larva-pupa Tetrastichus howardi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) pada Pluttella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) di pertanaman kubis kecamatan batu dan poncokusumo, kabupaten malang." Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia 2, no. 1 (2017): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5994/jei.2.1.61.

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The surveys of larval parasitiod Plutella xylostella, which have been done in cabbage plantations area in Batu and Poncokusumo, Malang east Java, found other larval parasitoid biside the commonly larval parasitiod Diagdema semiclausum. The parasitoid was Teratichus howardi (Hyminoptera: Eulophidae). The percentage of parasitism was dependent of the altitude of cabbage plantation and developmental stage of crop. The percent of parasitism could reach 82% when parasitized larvae sampled in cabbage plant and the crop stage. Parasitism was also higher at the medium lowland rather than it was that t

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11

Samyn, Jeanette. "Intimate Ecologies: Symbioses in the Nineteenth Century." Victorian Literature and Culture 48, no. 1 (2020): 243–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150319000561.

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Studies of symbiosis have been instrumental in recent thinking about bodies and ecologies as open systems. But even before the invention of symbiosis toward the end of the nineteenth century, parasitism helped scientists conceive of open ecologies marked by complex, interdependent intimacies. This essay shows how the invention of symbiosis as an umbrella term for “true parasitisms” and “non-parasitisms” helped to close off previously existing (if precarious) possibilities for reciprocality within the older concept, and suggests that the time has come for a revitalization of parasitism as a con

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12

Brodhead, Katherine M., Scott H. Stoleson, and Deborah M. Finch. "Southwestern Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax Traillii Extimus) in a Grazed Landscape: Factors Influencing Brood Parasitism." Auk 124, no. 4 (2007): 1213–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/124.4.1213.

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Abstract Brood parasitism by Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater; hereafter “cowbirds”) is an important factor contributing to the endangered status of the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus, hereafter “flycatcher”). We report on factors that influence brood parasitism on the flycatcher using seven seasons of nest data (n = 491 nests) collected in riparian patches comprising cottonwood (Populus fremontii), willow (Salix spp.), and boxelder (Acer negundo) along the Gila River in southwest New Mexico. We quantified habitat and landscape characteristics that might be ass

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13

Massoni, Viviana, and Juan Carlos Reboreda. "Number of Close Spatial and Temporal Neighbors Decreases the Probability of Nest Failure and Shiny Cowbird Parasitism in Colonial Yellow-Winged Blackbirds." Condor 103, no. 3 (2001): 521–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/103.3.521.

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Abstract We investigated whether the synchrony and proximity of nests of Yellow-winged Blackbirds (Agelaius thilius) provided protection against nest predation or brood parasitism by Shiny Cowbirds (Molothrus bonariensis). We analyzed the effect of the temporal aggregation of nests on the daily probability per nest of predation, desertion, egg punctures, and parasitism throughout the breeding season. The probabilities of nest predation and nest desertion increased through the breeding season. The temporal aggregation of nests was negatively associated with the probability of nest desertion, eg

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14

Sharmitha, T., C. Gailce Leo Justin, S. Sheeba Joyce Roseleen, and P. Yasodha. "Natural parasitism of eggs of yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas Walker (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in rice ecosystem at Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu." ENTOMON 45, no. 3 (2020): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.33307/entomon.v45i3.549.

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Three species of parasitoids viz., Telenomus dignus Gahan, Trichogramma japonicum, Ishii and Tetrastichus schoenobii Ferriere were recorded from the egg masses of rice yellow stem borer, Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) in a field study. The extent of parasitism was high during Rabi (43.33 – 93.33 %) and low during Kharif (0 - 40.00 %). Parasitism by T. dignus was maximum in October (50.00 %), T. japonicum, in November (23.08 %) and T. schoenobii in February (55.55 %). dignus and T. schoenobii in combination parasitized maximum number of egg masses (41.82 %). Multiple parasitism by the three sp

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Cokendolpher, James, Ivo Karaman, George Poinar, Plamen Mitov, and Boźidar P. M. Čurčic. "Nematode parasitism of harvestmen (Opiliones: Arachnida)." Nematology 2, no. 6 (2000): 587–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854100509475.

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AbstractNew records of nematode parasitism of harvestmen (Opiliones: Arachnida) are reported and a list of all published records of nematode parasitism of these arachnids is presented. Nomenclatorial problems of early mermithid citations are discussed and the possible type of life cycle (indirect) is considered in light of what appears to be a type of behavioural 'immunity' of this host group to many invertebrate parasitic nematodes. Parasitisme des faucheurs (Opiliones: Arachnida) par les nématodes - Sont reportées de nouvelles observations du parasitisme des faucheurs (Opiliones: Arachnida)

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Rahman, M. A., S. N. Alam, M. Z. Alam, and M. M. Hossain. "HOST PREFERENCE OF TRATHALA FLAVOORBITALIS ON BRINJAL SHOOT AND FRUIT BORER AND RICE LEAF FOLDER." Journal of Biopesticides 1, no. 1 (2008): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.57182/jbiopestic.1.1.92-97.

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The study was conducted both in the greenhouse and field from August 2003 to August 2004. Trathala flavoorbitalis is an efficient parasitoid of both Brinjal shoot and fruit borer (BSFB) and Rice leaffolder (RLF) but its parasitism efficiency on BSFB larvae is higher than that of RLF larvae. The highest parasitism rate by T. flavoorbitalis on BSFB larvae in August is 36% & July is 47% and on RLF larvae in November is 26% & Mid March-April is 28%. The parasitism rate of T. flavoorbitalis was always significantly higher in BSFB larvae than that of RLF. The parasitism of BSFB larvae was 1.

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Fangupo, S., M. J. Furlong, and R. Kant. "Detrimental impact of insecticide sprays on Trichogramma chilonis parasitism of Crocidolomia pavonana eggs in Samoa." New Zealand Plant Protection 69 (January 8, 2016): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2016.69.5935.

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Crocidolomia pavonana F (Lepidoptera Crambidae) is a major pest of brassica crops in the Pacific and other tropical and subtropical parts of the world In Samoa farmers use various insecticides against C pavonana for the production of Chinese cabbage A recent study found that a local population of Trichogramma chilonis (Hymenoptera Trichogrammattidae) successfully parasitises eggs of C pavonana This study determined the effects of key insecticides on T chilonis parasitism in field trials It showed that the number C pavonana eggs on Chinese cabbage was significantly reduced after applications of

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Muñoz, A. Román, Maria Altamirano, Fugo Takasu, and Hiroshi Nakamura. "Nest Light Environment and the Potential Risk of Common Cuckoo (Cuculus Canorus) Parasitism." Auk 124, no. 2 (2007): 619–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/124.2.619.

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Abstract Brood parasitism represents a significant cost in reproduction; thus, natural selection should favor the evolution of host defenses, which in turn may favor evolution of more sophisticated techniques by the parasite to overcome host defenses. These host defenses include egg rejection, attacking parasites near the nest, and avoiding parasitism by concealing nest sites. In all these antiparasitism strategies, nest light environment may play an important role. In the present study, the risk of Common Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) parasitism for the Great Reed Warbler (Acrocephalus arundinaceu

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He, X. Z., Q. Wang, and D. A. J. Teulon. "The effect of parasitism by Aphidius ervi on development and reproduction of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum." New Zealand Plant Protection 58 (August 1, 2005): 202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2005.58.4273.

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The effect of parasitism by Aphidius ervi Haliday (Hymenoptera Aphidiidae) on development survival and reproduction of pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera Aphididae) of different ages was studied in the laboratory Aphids parasitised when 1 and 2 days old (1st and 2nd instar) died at the 4th instar However those parasitised when 3 to 6 days old (3rd and 4th instar) could reach the adult stage following parasitism and those that were parasitised after 4 days old (late 3rd instar) were still able to produce progeny In comparison with the unparasitised aphids the parasitised aphids h

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Rodrigues, Renata, Luana Isabel Jaras, Alex Sandro Poltronieri, Ida Chapaval Pimentel, and Maria Aparecida Cassilha Zawadneak. "Seletividade de inseticidas reguladores de crescimento e botânico no parasitismo de três espécies de Trichogramma em ovos de Duponchelia fovealis Zeller (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)." EntomoBrasilis 10, no. 1 (2017): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v10i1.666.

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Resumo. A mariposa Duponchelia fovealis Zeller (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) é uma espécie exótica que se tornou praga-chave do morangueiro no Brasil, causando severos danos nas folhas e frutos. Dentre os grupos químicos que são promissores para o controle da praga, pela seletividade aos inimigos naturais e menor toxicidade, destacam-se os inseticidas reguladores de crescimento de insetos e os inseticidas botânicos. Assim, visando contribuir com a elaboração de estratégias de manejo da praga, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar em laboratório o efeito de cinco inseticidas reguladores de crescimen

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VARGAS, CAMILA CORRÊA, ROSANA MATOS DE MORAIS, and LUIZA RODRIGUES REDAELLI. "INFESTAÇÃO DE MILHO CRIOULO, CONVENCIONAL E TRANSGÊNICO PELA LAGARTA-DO-CARTUCHO E PELA LAGARTA-DA-ESPIGA E PARASITISMO DE OVOS." Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo 16, no. 3 (2017): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.18512/1980-6477/rbms.v16n3p351-360.

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RESUMO - O objetivo foi avaliar a infestação, o parasitismo de ovos e danos da lagarta-do-cartucho, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), e da lagarta-da-espiga, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), em cultivares de milho: variedade crioulo (Lombo Baio), híbrido convencional (Semilha S395) e híbrido geneticamente modificado (Bt) (TC1507 Herculex I ®, Cry1F). O experimento foi conduzido em Santa Maria-RS, no período de segunda safra de 2014. O delineamento foi de blocos ao acaso, com três tratamentos e quatro repetições. Foram registrados os danos, o número de lagartas, de posturas e o parasitismo em ovos

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Shi, Longqing, Dawei Liu, Liangmiao Qiu, Zhaowei Jiang, and Zhixiong Zhan. "Evaluation of the Parasitism Capacity of a Thelytoky Egg Parasitoid on a Serious Rice Pest, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)." Animals 13, no. 1 (2022): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13010012.

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Pseudoligosita yasumatsui and Anagrus nilaparvatae are both egg parasitoids of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (BPH). In this study, we obtained a stable strain of P. yasumatsui reproduced via thelytoky through indoor rearing and screening. We assessed the parasitism capacity of this strain on eggs of N. lugens by comparing the parasitism preference and circadian rhythm of this strain to that of A. nilaparvatae, which is proved as the dominant egg parasitoid species of BPH in rice fields. The findings indicated that both egg parasitoids could parasitize fertilized and unfertil

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Siam, Amany Nady, and Magdy Youssef El-Kholy. "Parasitism Efficiency of Trichogramma evanescens (Westwood) on Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) Eggs under the Laboratory Conditions." Asian Journal of Research in Agriculture and Forestry 11, no. 3 (2025): 103–11. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajraf/2025/v11i3416.

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This study were carried-out to determine the potential parasitism of Trichogramma evanescens (Hymenoptera:Trichogrammatidae) on Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) egg masses under laboratory conditions. Egg masses of S. frugiperda and Sitotroga cerealella were exposed to T. evanescens females to detect its ability to parasitize Fall armyworm (FAW) egg masses and to evaluate the fitness components of emerged parasitoids after the parasitism. Parasitism percentage, percentage of adult’s emergence, fecundity of emerged females, longevity and general productivity, females ratio in prog

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Zart, Marcelo, Oderlei Bernardi, Adrise Medeiros Nunes, et al. "Influência do Fotoperíodo Sobre Aspectos Biológicos e Parasitismo de Ovos de Anagasta kuenhiella (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) por Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera, Trichogrammatidae)." EntomoBrasilis 5, no. 2 (2012): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v5i2.197.

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Nesse trabalho estudou-se a influência do fotoperíodo e da densidade de ovos de Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller) sobre a biologia de Trichogramma pretiosum Riley. Diariamente foram expostas ao parasitismo cartelas contendo 40 ovos inviabilizados de A. kuehniella em ambiente controlado (25±1ºC, 70±10% UR) e com diferentes regimes de fotofase: escotofase (F:E): 0:24, 10:14, 12:12, 14:10 e 24:0 horas. Foram avaliados o número de parasitóides emergidos diariamente para determinação do percentual acumulado de parasitismo e a razão sexual. Com exceção da condição de fotoperíodo 24:0, houve uma redução l

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Praslička, J., and T. Miština. "Influence of parasitisation on cereal aphids (Sternorrhyncha: Aphidoidea) in various field management." Plant Protection Science 40, No. 2 (2010): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/460-pps.

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The level of parasitism of cereal aphids on winter wheat at growth stage 69 DC (end of bloom) differed between two field management used (integrated and ecological) and between individual years of the experiment (1999–2001). Parasitism was always higher in the ecological field management. The average number of parasitised aphids per tiller was 1.84 in the integrated field management but 2.63 in the ecological field management. The average rate of aphid parasitisation was 8.31% in the integrated system, but 16.15% in the ecological field management and thus 94.33% higher.

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Athanasiadou, S., D. Gray, O. Tzamaloukas, et al. "Is there a role for chicory in controlling internal parasitism in organic sheep?" Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2005 (2005): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200009996.

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The potential antiparasitic effects of chicory (Cichorium intybus ) are currently investigated as an alternative means to control parasitism in organic sheep production systems. Previous studies showed that parasitised lambs grazing on parasite-clean chicory swards had improved growth and lower faecal egg counts (FEC) compared to those grazing on parasite-clean grass pastures (Athanasiadou et al, 2004). The objective of this experiment was to investigate whether chicory can have a role as a potential means to control parasitism in lactating ewes and their lambs grazing on previously parasite c

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Cohen, Marcus S., M. Brent Hawkins, David W. Stock, and Alexander Cruz. "Early life-history features associated with brood parasitism in the cuckoo catfish, Synodontis multipunctatus (Siluriformes: Mochokidae)." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 374, no. 1769 (2019): 20180205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0205.

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The cuckoo catfish, Synodontis multipunctatus , is the only known obligate brood parasite among fishes, exploiting the parental care of mouthbrooding cichlids endemic to Lake Tanganyika. Comparisons of this system to brood parasitism in birds may reveal broader principles that underlie the evolution of this life-history strategy in vertebrates. However, little is known about the features of the cuckoo catfish that enable this species to successfully parasitize cichlids. Here, we examine early ontogeny of the cuckoo catfish and compare it to that of its cichlid hosts as well as a non-parasitic

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He, Jiachun, Yuting He, Fengxiang Lai, Xiangsheng Chen, and Qiang Fu. "Biological Traits of the Pincer Wasp Gonatopus flavifemur (Esaki & Hashimoto) Associated with Different Stages of Its Host, the Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)." Insects 11, no. 5 (2020): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11050279.

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Gonatopus flavifemur (Esaki & Hashimoto) is a common parasitoid of the most important rice pest, the brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), in eastern and southeastern Asia. We investigated the parasitism rates, feeding rates, and offspring development of G. flavifemur in association with five instars of BPH nymphs and male and female adults under laboratory conditions (27 ± 1 °C and 70 ± 5% Relative Humidity). The results showed that the life stage of the host significantly affects parasitism, host feeding, and offspring development by G. flavifemur. The parasitism rate was hi

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Sugonyaev, E. S. "Strategies of parasitism in parasitic wasps." Entomological Review 86, no. 5 (2006): 544–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s001387380605006x.

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Moraiti, C. A., G. A. Kyritsis, and N. T. Papadopoulos. "Effect of the olive fruit size on the parasitism rates of Bactocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae) by the figitid wasp Aganaspis daci (Hymenoptera: Figitidae), and first field releases of adult parasitoids in olive grove." Hellenic Plant Protection Journal 13, no. 2 (2020): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hppj-2020-0007.

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SummaryThe olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is the major pest of olives worldwide. The figitid wasp, Aganaspis daci (Hymenoptera: Figitidae), is a larval-prepupal endoparasitoid of fruit fly species, and it was found to successfully parasitize medfly larvae in field-infested figs in Greece. To assess the potential of A. daci as a biological control agent against B. oleae, we studied the effect of olive fruit size on parasitism rates of A. daci on 2nd and 3rd instar larvae of B. oleae, by using fruit of different size (cultivar ‘Chalkidikis’) and wild olive fruit.

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Blažek, Radim, Matěj Polačik, and Martin Reichard. "Group intrusions by a brood parasitic fish are not cooperative." Behavioral Ecology 33, no. 1 (2021): 178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arab123.

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Abstract Brood parasites relegate all parental duties to unrelated hosts. Host resistance against brood parasitism is most effective during egg laying and is best countered by surreptitious oviposition. This may be aided through distraction of host attention by the male partner or a larger cooperative group. Cuckoo catfish (Synodontis multipunctatus) parasitize the broods of mouthbrooding cichlids, which collect their eggs immediately after oviposition. Cuckoo catfish must time their intrusion precisely, as the temporal window for parasitism lasts only a few seconds. As the cuckoo catfish typi

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Panzavolta, Tiziana, Francesco Croci, Matteo Bracalini, et al. "Population Dynamics of Native Parasitoids Associated with the Asian Chestnut Gall Wasp (Dryocosmus kuriphilus) in Italy." Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 2018 (2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8078049.

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Native parasitoids may play an important role in biological control. They may either support or hinder the effectiveness of introduced nonnative parasitoids released for pest control purposes. Results of a three-year survey (2011–2013) of the Asian chestnut gall wasp (ACGW) Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) populations and on parasitism rates by native indigenous parasitoids (a complex of chalcidoid hymenopterans) in Italian chestnut forests are given. Changes in D. kuriphilus gall size and phenology were observed through the three years of study. A total of 13 species o

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BIRD, DAVID McK, JOHN T. JONES, CHARLES H. OPPERMAN, TAISEI KIKUCHI, and ETIENNE G. J. DANCHIN. "Signatures of adaptation to plant parasitism in nematode genomes." Parasitology 142, S1 (2014): S71—S84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182013002163.

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SUMMARYPlant-parasitic nematodes cause considerable damage to global agriculture. The ability to parasitize plants is a derived character that appears to have independently emerged several times in the phylum Nematoda. Morphological convergence to feeding style has been observed, but whether this is emergent from molecular convergence is less obvious. To address this, we assess whether genomic signatures can be associated with plant parasitism by nematodes. In this review, we report genomic features and characteristics that appear to be common in plant-parasitic nematodes while absent or rare

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McNeill, M. R., J. R. Proffitt, P. J. Gerard, and S. L. Goldson. "Collections of Microctonus aethiopoides Loan (Hymenoptera Braconidae) from Ireland." New Zealand Plant Protection 59 (August 1, 2006): 290–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2006.59.4475.

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The biological control programme against Sitona lepidus (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera Braconidae) commenced in 1998 with the first parasitised weevils imported into New Zealand quarantine in 2000 Extensive collections in Europe confirmed that the solitary endoparasitoid Microctonus aethiopoides Loan (Hymenoptera Braconidae) was the principal natural enemy of adult S lepidus With one exception all M aethiopoides reared from S lepidus collected in Europe have been arrhenotokous All M aethiopoides collected from Ireland are thelytokous which obviates the risk of hybridisation with an arrhenotokous Moro

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Stokke, Bård. "Costs associated with recognition and rejection of parasitic eggs in two European passerines." Behaviour 139, no. 5 (2002): 629–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685390260136744.

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AbstractMany avian brood parasite hosts accept parasitic eggs even though successful parasitism frequently is detrimental to their own reproduction. Such behaviour seems suboptimal, but has been explained by the existence of opposing selective pressures operating against the evolution of appropriate host defence. Costs associated with rejection and recognition of eggs are central topics in this respect. Here, we report the occurrence of such costs in two European passerines (chaffinches and blackcaps) that are good rejecters of foreign eggs, even though the common cuckoo does not presently use

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Godéski, Alessandra, and Daniela Pedrassani. "Helmintos em equinos de cabanha da cidade de São José dos Pinhais – PR / Helminths in farm horses from the city of São José dos Pinhais - PR." Saúde e meio ambiente: revista interdisciplinar 7, no. 2 (2018): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24302/sma.v7i2.1611.

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O cavalo sempre apresentou grande importância na história da humanidade, sendo utilizado tanto para trabalho, como para lazer e provas equestres. Dentre as enfermidades que podem os acometer, a verminose é preocupante pois a fauna parasitária é responsável pela diminuição da performance e por causar inúmeros prejuízos na criação de equinos. Diante deste fato, este estudo teve o objetivo de verificar a prevalência de parasitas em equinos da raça crioula, alojados em uma cabanha na cidade de São José dos Pinhais – PR e analisar as possíveis associações entre o parasitismo, a idade e o sexo dos a

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Jain, Rakesh, and Chester L. Foy. "Broomrapes (Orobanchespp.): A Potential Threat to U.S. Broadleaf Crops." Weed Technology 3, no. 4 (1989): 608–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00032899.

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Five broadleaf crops, alfalfa, peanut, soybean, tobacco, and tomato, were tested for their susceptibility to three broomrape species, branched, Egyptian and crenate, in the greenhouse. All five crop species were parasitized by one or more broomrape species. Peanut plants were most susceptible and soybean plants were least susceptible to parasitism by broomrape. Egyptian and branched broomrapes had a wider host range affecting plants in both the Solanaceae and Fabaceae. Crenate broomrape mainly infected plants belonging to Fabaceae, except for the few attachments to tomato and tobacco. Apparent

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Chen, W. T., and S. Y. Hwang. "Interspecific competition between Snellenius manilae and Meteorus pulchricornis, larval parasitoids of Spodoptera litura." Bulletin of Entomological Research 105, no. 5 (2015): 583–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485315000516.

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AbstractSnellenius manilae (Ashmead) and Meteorus pulchricornis (Wesmael) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) are larval endoparasitoids of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Both species preferentially parasitize early-instar S. litura and occupy similar ecological niches. Therefore, competition between the two species may occur. In this study, intrinsic competition and cage experiments were conducted to discuss the interactions between S. manilae and M. pulchricornis. The results indicated that in intrinsic competition, M. pulchricornis was always the dominant species. In cage exp

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Kus, Barbara E. "Fitness Consequences of Nest Desertion in an Endangered Host, the Least Bell's Vireo." Condor 104, no. 4 (2002): 795–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/104.4.795.

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Abstract Recent analyses of the impact of cowbird parasitism on host productivity suggest that while parasitism reduces productivity on a per-nest basis, the ability of pairs to desert parasitized nests and renest allows them to achieve productivity comparable to that of unparasitized pairs. This has implications for the management of several endangered species that are highly vulnerable to parasitism and consequently the target of cowbird control programs. I calculated seasonal nesting effort (number of nests per pair) and productivity of 568 pairs of Least Bell's Vireos (Vireo bellii pusillu

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Goguen, C. B., D. R. Curson, and N. E. Mathews. "Costs of multiple parasitism for an avian brood parasite, the Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 89, no. 12 (2011): 1237–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z11-104.

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The Brown-headed Cowbird ( Molothrus ater (Boddaert, 1783)) is a generalist brood parasite that often lays into nests that contain conspecific eggs. Although it has often been assumed that this multiple parasitism reduces Cowbird survival, this has rarely been evaluated. We measured Cowbird survival in nests of the Blue-gray Gnatcatcher ( Polioptila caerulea (L., 1766)), Plumbeous Vireo ( Vireo plumbeus Coues, 1866), and Western Tanager ( Piranga ludoviciana (A. Wilson, 1811)) in New Mexico, USA. Our objectives were to measure the costs of intraspecific competition on Cowbird survival in multi

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Strausberger, Bill M., and Dirk E. Burhans. "Nest Desertion by Field Sparrows and its Possible Influence on the Evolution of Cowbird Behavior." Auk 118, no. 3 (2001): 770–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/118.3.770.

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Abstract In this study, Field Sparrows (Spizella pusilla) deserted 46% of nests, parasitized by Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) and only 1% of unparasitized nests suggesting that desertion functions primarily as an antiparasite defense. Sparrows did not desert nests following various clutch manipulations that are often associated with parasitism, indicating that desertion was not in response to the presence of cowbird eggs. Sparrows often deserted nests following encounters with real or mounted cowbirds, suggesting that nest desertion is a response to adult cowbirds. Sparrows deserted n

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Salama, H. S., and F. N. Zaki. "Biological effects of Bacillus thuringiensis on the egg parasitoid, Trichogramma evanescens." Insect Science and Its Application 6, no. 2 (1985): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742758400006524.

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AbstractFeeding of the adult parasite of Trichogramma evanescens Westwood on a honey solution containing 500 μg of Bacillus thuringiensis var. galleriae HD-129 for 4–5 days had no effect on their longevity, productivity or their capability to parasitize the host eggs of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisdüvalle) or Anagasta kuehniella Zeller. After spraying the freshly laid host eggs with B. thuringiensis at the same concentration, a significant decrease was observed in the percentage of parasitism. No deleterious effects were observed in the development of the immature stages of the parasite and the

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Peer, Brian D., Lyndon R. Hawkins, Edwin P. Steinke, Patricia Blair Bollinger, and Eric K. Bollinger. "Eastern Bluebirds Eject Brown-Headed Cowbird Eggs." Condor 108, no. 3 (2006): 741–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/108.3.741.

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Abstract The relationship between the Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) and its cavity-nesting hosts has received little attention because of the assumption that cowbirds rarely parasitize these hosts. We tested the Eastern Bluebird (Sialia sialis), a host that is sometimes heavily parasitized by cowbirds, for egg ejection behavior. Bluebirds ejected 65% of experimentally added cowbird eggs (n = 20), but ejected no experimentally added conspecific eggs (n = 66). This suggests that cowbird parasitism, not conspecific brood parasitism, is the selective pressure responsible for egg ejection i

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Lindholm, Anna, and Robert Thomas. "BETWEEN POPULATIONS OF REED WARBLERS IN DEFENCES AGAINST BROOD PARASITISM." Behaviour 137, no. 1 (2000): 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853900501854.

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AbstractTwo potential defences against brood parasitism by the cuckoo Cuculus canorus were compared experimentally between British populations of reed warblers Acrocephalus scirpaceus that are parasitised at different rates. (1) Rates of rejection of model cuckoo eggs were lower at two unparasitised populations which did not have resident cuckoos, than at a rarely parasitised population which had cuckoos nearby, and at a regularly parasitised population. (2) Reed warblers from an unparasitised population showed a slightly weaker response to taxidermic mounts of cuckoos and, unlike a parasitise

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SEEMAN, OWEN D., and CHRISTOPHER M. PALMER. "Parasitism of Apteropanorpa tasmanica Carpenter (Mecoptera: Apteropanorpidae) by larval Leptus agrotis Southcott (Acari: Erythraeidae) and Willungella rufusanus sp. nov. (Acari: Microtrombidiidae)." Zootaxa 2925, no. 1 (2011): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2925.1.2.

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The Apteropanorpidae is a family of wingless scorpionflies endemic to Tasmania, comprising four described species in the genus Apteropanorpa Carpenter. Intensive field surveys for adult Apteropanorpa conducted from April to May 2002 revealed the presence of ectoparasitic mites, parasitising many individuals of Apteropanorpa tasmanica Carpenter at four localities. Laboratory investigations revealed the presence of one species from each of the Erythraeidae and Microtrombidiidae parasitising adults: Leptus agrotis Southcott and Willungella rufusanus sp. nov., respectively. The larvae of W. rufusa

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Lindholm, Anna. "TESTS OF PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY IN REED WARBLER DEFENCES AGAINST CUCKOO PARASITISM." Behaviour 137, no. 1 (2000): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853900501863.

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AbstractAs there is geographic and temporal variation in the rate at which reed warblers Acrocephalus scirpaceus are parasitised by the cuckoo Cuculus canorus , phenotypic plasticity of defences against parasitism could be advantageous. Three experiments were conducted using three populations of reed warblers, parasitised by cuckoos to varying degrees, to test if reed warbler defences against parasitism are plastic. In an unparasitised and a rarely parasitised population, attempts to simulate the presence of cuckoos at the nest or in the habitat failed to stimulate an increase in rates of egg

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E.O., Ogah, Odebiyi J.A., Omoloye A.A., and Nwilene F.E. "FIELD APPEARANCE OF Platygaster diplosisae RISBEC (HYMENOPTERA: PLATYGASTRIDAE) AND Aprostocetus procerae RISBEC (HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE) AS BIO-CONTROL AGENTS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF Orseolia oryzivora HARRIS AND GAGNÉ (DIPTERA: CECIDOMYIIDAE) IN NIGERIA." Continental J. Agricultural Science 5, no. 2 (2011): 19–24. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.839971.

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<em>Orseolia oryzivora</em> Harris and Gagné is an important insect pest of rice in many African countries. Its infestation could result in total crop failure in endemic areas. The use of bio-control agents in the management of the pest is currently attracting the attention of researchers. Two parasitoids; <em>Platygaster diplosisae</em> an endoparasitoid and <em>Aprostocetus procerae</em> an ectoparasitoid have been found to parasitize a large proportion of <em>O. oryzivora</em>. The efficiency of the two parasitoids was compared in the field during 2006/2007, to establish the proportion of t

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Wang, Kening, Robert Riggs, and Devany Crippen. "Competition between two phenotypes of the nematophagous fungus ARF in infecting eggs of Heterodera glycines and effect of soil depth on parasitism by ARF." Nematology 6, no. 3 (2004): 329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568541042360483.

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AbstractThe sterile nematophagous fungus ARF (Arkansas fungus) had been separated into two phenotypes based on morphological differences: those with compact sclerotium-like-structures (SLS) (ARF-C), and those with loose SLS (ARF-L). The ARF-L isolate TN14 had been more effective than the ARF-C isolate BG2 in suppressing nematode numbers in glasshouse studies, and the BG2 isolate had been more virulent in in vitro tests. No tests had been conducted on the effect of depth in the soil on the level of parasitism by ARF. The objectives of this study were to determine: i) which isolate is more compe

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Rabuffetti, Fabián L., and Juan C. Reboreda. "Early Infestation by Bot Flies (Philornis Seguyi) Decreases Chick Survival and Nesting Success in Chalk-Browed Mockingbirds (Mimus Saturninus)." Auk 124, no. 3 (2007): 898–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/124.3.898.

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AbstractBot flies (Diptera: Muscidae: Philornis spp.) are a group of flies comprising mostly species with a Neotropical distribution. Their larvae parasitize several species of birds, living subcutaneously on altricial chicks. We investigated the effect of parasitism by bot flies (P. seguyi) on the reproductive success of Chalk-browed Mockingbirds (Mimus saturninus) in temperate grasslands near the southern limit of bot fly distributions. We analyzed seasonal variation of bot fly prevalence during three consecutive years and how the timing and intensity of bot fly infestation affected growth a

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van Nouhuys, Saskya, David C. Harris, and Ann E. Hajek. "Population level interactions between an invasive woodwasp, an invasive nematode and a community of native parasitoids." NeoBiota 82 (February 9, 2023): 67–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.82.96599.

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Parasitic nematodes and hymenopteran parasitoids have been introduced and used extensively to control invasive Eurasian Sirex noctilio woodwasps in pine plantations in the Southern Hemisphere where no members of this community are native. Sirex noctilio has more recently invaded North America where Sirex-associated communities are native. Sirex noctilio and its parasitic nematode, Deladenus siricidicola, plus six native hymenopteran woodwasp parasitoids in New York and Pennsylvania, were sampled from 204 pines in 2011–2019. Sirex noctilio had become the most common woodwasp in this region and

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