Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Parasitisme – Camargue (Bouches-du-Rhône, France)'
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Lebarbenchon, Camille. "Maladies infectieuses et écosystèmes : écologie des virus influenza aviaires en Camargue." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20079.
Full textEmerging infectious diseases are particularly studied and monitored today because of their unprecedented increase in number, speed and wideness of dispersion within wildlife, domestic or human populations. In humans, it is now estimated that 75% of these emerging diseases have a zoonotic origin, meaning they are caused by infectious agents that can be transmitted naturally between humans and other vertebrate animal species. The origin of the emergence of these zoonoses is directly linked to human interference with the natural environment, to a greater or lesser degree. Within this framework, my thesis specifically focuses on the interactions between pathogens responsible for these diseases and ecosystems. The objectives were (i) to study interactions between human activities, parasites and ecosystems through synthesis and discussion papers; (ii) to study in more detail the ecology of avian influenza viruses in the Camargue, especially the prevalence of infections in bird communities present throughout the year, the role of aquatic ecosystems in the temporal dynamics of the disease, and genetic characteristics of the circulating virus; (iii) to study more specifically highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses within the Camargue but also on a wider scale, particularly to highlight the need to integrate knowledge about the ecology of the host and the functioning of ecosystems in the study of this emerging disease. The work led to increased knowledge of the ecology of influenza virus in the Camargue and, more generally, to stress the need to study pathogens responsible for emerging zoonotic diseases at the level of ecosystems
Mendez-del-Villar, Patricio. "Économie des systèmes rizicoles en Camargue." Montpellier 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON10046.
Full textGodin, Lucie. "Impact de l'irrigation pour la riziculture sur l'hydrologie et la qualité des eaux de Camargue : approche à partir du bassin d'irrigation de l'Aube de Bouic." Besancon, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BESA2012.
Full textChauvelon, Philippe. "Hydrologie quantitative d'une zone humide méditerranéenne aménagée : le bassin de Fumemorte en Grande Camargue, delta du Rhône." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20054.
Full textNawaz, Muhammad Farrakh. "Geochemistry of hydromorphic soils and waters under rice culture and forest - continuous measurements, thermodynamic modelling and kinetics." Aix-Marseille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX30046.
Full textThis study aims to better understand geochemical processes in different hydromorphic conditions produced by soil compaction. Two rice-cultivated plots in Camargue with different rice residual management practices and an acidic forest site in Nancy were selected. In Camargue, in situ study by multiparametric probe and geochemistry of surface waters at different phenological stages, allowed us to decipher the role of biotic, abiotic and anthropic factors. Incorporation of rice residuals resulted in more reducing conditions than burning of rice residuals, but yield depression is mainly due to salinity. Rhizospheric effect and nitrogen fertilization modify strongly pH, though it is buffered by calcite precipitation / dissolution, with a slight oversaturation. Kinetics in the field show return to equilibrium obeys two different relaxation times, slow and fast. Fe is controlled by carbonate, oxides or sulphide. A common period (24h) is observed for pH, EC and temperature. In forest compacted site, alternative aerobic/anaerobic cycles changed the reactivity of iron oxide minerals in compacted soils, and rapid changes were detected by CB-CBD selective extraction, only 2 years after compaction
Groot, Cornelis-Jan de. "Flux et transformations du phosphate et de l'azote dans les zone humides : la Camargue (delta du Rhône)." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10205.
Full textPampoulie, Christophe. "Conséquences d'une arrivée massive d'eau douce sur la communauté de gobies (Téléostéens, Poissons) d'une lagune méditerranéenne : l'exemple de l'étang du Vaccarès (Camargue, France)." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20148.
Full textBoisserie, Hélène. "Etude des pertes d'azote par volatilisation dans les rizières de Camargue." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20159.
Full textEl-Habr, Habib. "Les éléments nutritifs du Rhône : leur devenir dans les canaux d'irrigation et les marais en Camargue." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO10104.
Full textTourenq, Christophe. "Valeurs et fonctions des rizières pour les communautés d'oiseaux d'eau en Camargue." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20206.
Full textMathevet, Raphaël. "Usages des zones humides camarguaises : enjeux et dynamique des interactions environnement-usagers-territoire." Lyon 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO31012.
Full textAllouche, Laurent. "Stratégies d'hivernage comparées du canard chipeau et de la foulque macroule pour un partage spatio-temporel des milieux humides de Camargue." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20047.
Full textSadoul, Nicolas. "Dynamique spatiale et temporelle des colonies de charadriiformes dans les salins de Camargue : implications pour la conservation." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20055.
Full textNicolas, Laurence. "Beauduc, l'utopie des gratte-plage : Conflits d'appropriation de l'espace littoral camarguais." Aix-Marseille 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX10042.
Full textPonçon, Nicolas. "Etude des risques de ré-émergence du paludisme en Camargue." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20004.
Full textWithin the frame of global change currently occuring, the issue of malaria has been examined in current malaria-free areas such as Europe, and seems particularly of interest in former endemic areas where potential vectors are still abundant, such as the Camargue – South East France. Longitudinal field surveys of larvae and adult populations, conducted at the local and regional scale, determined the dynamics of the 5 Anopheles species identified in the Camargue. Among them, An. Hyrcanus is the current main potential malaria vector, based on its abundance and human habit feeding behavior. Genetic study clarified its systematic position, suggesting that An. Hyrcanus and An. Pseudopictus would be synonymous forms in the Camargue. Spatial analysis of field data determined the spatio-temporal distribution of adult An. Hyrcanus, in relation with environmental key factors calculated by remote sensing methodology. Moreover, susceptibility of French Anopheles was tested with tropical P. Falciparum and showed that, while very low, it was not nil. A retrospective study concerning the abundance of An. Hyrcanus populations showed how this species has become the main potential malaria vector in the Camargue due to the influence of political context, environmental constraints, technical improvements and social and economical factors which have modified biotopes of the Camargue. Finally, the risk of malaria resurgence was inferred by spatializing the entomological risk, which was based on an innovative probabilistic method, and by inferring the distribution of malaria imported cases. This work concluded on the absence of risk of malaria resurgence and emphasized the overall methodology which could be used in other areas or with others vector-borne diseases
Claeys-Mekdade, Cecilia. "Les conflits d'aménagement : rapports à la "nature" et rapports sociaux : la Camargue, un cas révélateur." Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX10090.
Full textPoulet, Nicolas. "Le sandre (Sander lucioperca (L. )) : biologie, comportement et dynamique des populations en Camargue (Bouches du Rhône, France)." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008942.
Full textMontety, Véronique de. "Salinisation d'un aquifère captif côtier en contexte deltaïque : cas de la Camargue (delta du Rhône, France)." Avignon, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/33/64/17/PDF/These_V_de_Montety2008.pdf.
Full textThis study deals with the salinization of confined coastal aquifers in relation with sea level variations (past, future) and human pressures. The deep confined aquifer of Camargue has been studied in the framework of the ORE RESYST. This aquifer shows high salinities reaching that of the Mediterranean Sea near the shoreline. Two approaches have been jointly carried out: (i) an hydrodynamic study in steady and transient flow to understand the hydrogeological behaviour of the aquifer (flows, boundary conditions, hydrodynamic properties) and (ii) a monitoring of hydrochemical and isotopic natural tracers (18O, 2H, 13CCMTD, 3H and 14CCMTD) to determine the origin of the salinity of the aquifer. This work highlights the influence of the unconfined part of the aquifer (Crau aquifer) on the recharge of the confined aquifer. Thus, the high increase of salinity in the aquifer since 1969 is mainly due to natural or anthropogenic head depletion within the Crau aquifer. The confined aquifer shows rapid pressure transfers both from the Sea and the Rhone River whereas mass transfers are very low. Ionic and isotopic ratios highlight that strong salinities of the aquifer are due to a freshwater/seawater mixing, which is highly modified by geochemical interactions: cationic exchange, sedimentary organic matter degradation (sulphate reduction, methanogenesis), precipitation phenomena. The mean residence time of water is higher than fifty years and reflects the influence of a former marine intrusion related to the last marine transgression (upper Holocene)
Franchesquin, Nathalie. "Modélisation et simulation multi-agents d'écosystèmes anthropisés : une application à la gestion hydraulique en Grande Camargue." Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX30086.
Full textThe purpose of this study is to modelise and to simulate human influenced ecosystems with a multi-agents approach. More specially it focuses on the hydraulic management of the Camargue, located at the mouth of the Rhone river on the coastline on the Mediterranean sea. This wetland is well known for the variety of its ecosystems. Furthermore, it is subject to disturbances induced by human activities, such as farming and hunting. In order to provide an overall view of this ecosystem's dynamic and guidelines to its management, we suggest to build a software model of this system and to simulate it. Our approach is based on two sub-models, interacting with each other the hydrologic model and the hydraulic management model. The analysis of the hydrologic model describes the discretisation of the selected area and the required entities to modelise water fluxes
Maraval, Isabelle. "Caractérisation et biosynthèse de l'arôme des riz parfumés de Camargue : influence des conditions agro-climatiques sur l'expression de l'arôme." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20071.
Full textScented rice is more and more sought by the consumer. Two cultivars, Basmati and Thai cover the market and it's difficult for the cultivars selected for Camargue area, to compete with them. Scented cultivars present a transformation enabling them to accumulate 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP, popcorn like aroma) which activation dependent upon the agro-environmental conditions of growth. This Ph D study aims at: (i) characterizing cooked rice flavor compounds of Camargue scented cultivars compared to those of international standards. GC/O and GC/MS analyses confirmed the complexity of the flavor (2AP, compounds resulting from the degradation of fatty and cinnamic acids). The Camargue cultivar, Aychade, is similar to the standards with some specificity. (ii) evaluating the influence of salinity on 2AP biosynthesis in grains and in aerial parts. A new method, stable isotope dilution (SPME/GC/MS/MS) was developed and showed that 2AP content in grain increases with the stress applied during grain filling and the vegetative phase
Pradier, Sophie. "Circulation enzootique du virus West Nile en population équine : identification de facteurs de risque environnementaux en Camargue, France." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00605812.
Full textLagacherie, Michèle. "Diagnostic des systèmes d'élevage en Camargue : leur diversité, leur dynamique au sein du système agraire." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20033.
Full textMaillet, Jacques. "Constitution et dynamique des communautés de mauvaises herbes des vignes de France et des rizières de Camargue." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20045.
Full textBardin, Olivier. "Dynamique des peuplements piscicoles colonisant les milieux esturiens et lagunaires du delta du Rhône. Etude de deux cas : le domaine de la Palissade et le pertuis de la fourcade." Aix-Marseille 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX30021.
Full textMigration is the main factor controlling the specific richness of fishes in estuaries and lagoons. This study has been focused on two sites in the Camargue (Rhone delta, France) : the "domaine de la Palissade", located in the estuarine zone of the Rhone River, and the "Pertuis de la Fourcade", a man-made and managed channel in the "Digue a la Mer". To begin with hydraulic functioning has been studied first. Furthermore, the different factors controlling fish migration between different habitats have been studied. These factors come into play : firstly on a seasonal scale, with the biological rhythms of different species and seasonal physical factors, and secondly on a more local scale. In this latter case, the factors are either limiting or favoring the displacements of fish. Finally, through the example of "La Fourcade", the problematic of water and salt management in the Camargue has been treated, from an interdisciplinary point of view between History, Sociology and Biology
Sandoz, Alain. "Proposition d'une méthodologie adaptée au suivi de l'occupation du sol d'une zone humide aménagée : application au bassin du Fumemorte (Grande Camargue,France)." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX10023.
Full textThe objective was the development of a methodology adapted to the monitoring of land use in wetlands, which should be applied for various space and time units. Two main tools are used for this purpose : satellite remote sensing and georeferenced data bases. The experiment was conducted on a drainage basin, the fumemorte catchment in the rhone delta. The use of historical or newly acquired data is illustrated with some examples concerning the agricultural sector of the catchment and marshes of the tour du valat estate. In these examples, data from satellite images processing are integrated with other spatialized data. Results demonstrate the capabilities of the method for the monitoring of this particular environment, and for the interpretation of the data
Bonis, Anne. "Dynamique des communautés et mécanismes de coexistence des populations de macrophytes immergées en marais temporaires." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20048.
Full textRind, Khalid Hussain. "Physiology of Threespined Sticklebacks, Gasterosteux aculeatus, of the Camargue at different salinities." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTG084/document.
Full textThreespined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) fished from different areas of the Camargue were studied and challenged to various salinity conditions. Blood osmotic pressures for fish kept in FW (5‰), BW (15‰) and SW (30‰) were different (147, 457 and 911 mOsm kg-1, respectively). However, oxygen consumption results revealed similar values for fish collected from the seawater Marteau lagoon (SW), the freshwater Versadou canal (FW) and the mesohaline/brackish water Vaccarès lagoon (BW). Therefore, sticklebacks of the Camargue can rapidly acclimate to different salinity conditions and move freely among these different habitats with limited energy expenditure. For sticklebacks from the Vaccarès lagoon, a significant reduction in O2 consumption rate occurred immediately after transfer to FW and up to 1h after transfer. The branchial Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) activity of sticklebacks collected from the SW Marteau lagoon directly transferred from SW to FW, revealed a significant increase 24 h and 48 h after transfer (28% and 40%, respectively). However, gill NKA activity was significantly decreased by 36% within 24 h following immediate transfer to SW.Body morphology of sticklebacks was also studied but limited morphological variations could be observed for fish collected from different habitats. The average lateral plate number is 4.45±0.31. However, a significant morphological difference is observed for gill rakers.NKA labeling on histological sections revealed different ionocyte morphologies. In the gills of FW sticklebacks, ionocytes were observed along the gill filaments as well as the gill lamellae. Ionocytes were only identified along the gill filaments for SW fish. For SW fish, the ionocytes were round in shape and slightly smaller than the ionocytes of the FW fish. The ionocytes of the FW fish along the gill filaments were elongated but ionocytes along the gill lamellae were flattened and wider. Ionocytes were also twice more numerous for FW fish compared to SW fish.Also, two types of ionocyte were identified in FW fish: cells with an apical dome shape and ionocytes with a honeycomb-like structure. All these cell types were confirmed as ionocytes due to their internal structures filled with numerous mitochondria and a dense tubulo-vesicular system, with deeply invaginated basal membrane. In SW-acclimated fish, only ionocytes with a large apical crypt were observed along the gill filaments at the base of the gill lamellae. No ionocytes could be observed along the gill lamellae.Relative NKA α1 mRNA expression was higher in the gills of SW acclimated fish compared to BW fish and NKA α1b was significantly overexpressed in the gills of SW acclimated fish compared to the FW and BW fish. However, for NKAα1a, mRNA relative gene expressions in the gills are not different due to salinity. Whereas, for CFTR and V-ATPase expression, we did not find any significant difference. On the other hand, NKCC1 was significantly higher in SW acclimated sticklebacks.For sticklebacks kept in FW and for those acclimated to SW, analyses of histological sections from the kidney and NKA immunolabeling of the kidney proximal tubules revealed no difference. For the intestine, a strong immunofluorescence was observed along the basolateral membranes of the enterocytes for both the anterior and posterior intestine of FW and SW-acclimated sticklebacks but, again, we did not observe any difference due to salinity conditions. These results suggest a high level of plasticity for these organs.Altogether, these results indicate that sticklebacks of the Camargue area are morphologically and physiologically homogenous and have strong euryhaline capacities. Some differences were identified however for the gill rakers between fish collected from the FW and mesohaline / euryhaline habitats most probably due to different feeding regimes. Therefore, these fish populations may not mix even if the different Camargue aquatic environments are interconnected
Comoretto, Laetitia. "L'étude des herbicides dans la phase dissoute des eaux superficielles camarguaises : apport, transfert et devenir." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX11022.
Full textIn Mediterranean wetlands, rice growing is one of the main agricultural activities. Paddy fields have major interactions with natural protected areas (water management, habitat, trophic resources). Camargue, with its 20 000 ha of rice can be considered as a good example in the context of the relations between agriculture and environment. The connections between natural habitats and cultivated areas, notably via the irrigation canals, make that the impact of pesticides use is not limited to agricultural areas. Moreover, the use of water from the Rhône river watershed for irrigation can also be an entry route of pesticides into Camargue. Vaccarès Lagoon (6400 ha of brackish water) is classified by Unesco as biotope sanctuary. It intercepts substances coming directly from rice paddies or Rhône river. In this context, the overall goal of this work is to assess the exposure levels of protected areas to herbicides, modeling the runoff from a rice farming area to extend in the future at the deltaic scale and finally, to identify indirect photolysis as a possible degradation pathway to understand the behavior of the molecule in the deltaic system
Ollivier, Patrick. "Interface continent-océan : géochimie du Rhône (flux et bilan d'érosion) et transfert d'eaux souterraines en Camargue (apports des isotopes du radium)." Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX30005.
Full textVariation of the contributions in elements and sediments of inland waters (rivers and groundwaters) in the coastal zones strongly affects the balance of the coastal environments. The objective of this study is to quantify the contributions of water and material by the Rhone River and submarine groundwater of Camargue in the Gulf of Lions, and to estimate their variations and their origins. Flood events of Rhone River contribute to 80% annual fluxes of MeS and particulate elements exported in less than 12% of time, between November 2000 and December 2003. The SPM load is slightly affected by the remobilisation of the sediments in the bed of the river. The Rhone River seems export less solid material compared with what is theoretically produced in its catchment area. Two assumptions are formulated : the Rhone River is not in steady state erosion due to climatic change, or imbalance translates the anthropogenic influence (dams, deforestation) in its catchment area. The contributions of submarine groundwater of Camargue in the Gulf of Lions were quantified by radium-226 and 228 measured by TIMS. The assessment in budget of radium of the Gulf of Lions indicates a excess which can be explained by contributions of groundwater. 6% of the water fluxes of the Rhone River in the Gulf of Lions comes from Camargue groundwater
Mouret, Jean-Claude. "Étude de l'agrosystème rizicole en Camargue dans ses relations avec le milieu et le système cultural : aspects particuliers de la fertilité." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20235.
Full textJourdain, Elsa. "Oiseaux sauvages et virus West Nile : étude éco-épidémiologique en Camargue." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00144110.
Full textSaumade, Frédéric. "Des Sauvages en Occident : les cultures tauromachiques en basse Andalousie et en pays camarguais." Paris, EHESS, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991EHES0041.
Full textBull-fighting stands as an up-to-date feature of our (mediterranean societies) society offering a wide range of expressions in the show delivery. Thus, in the south of andalusia and in the camargue country, the respective traditional images of the "good fighting bull" meet in a symetric opposition : in one way the beast is an ideal victim, on the other one it is a live hero. The different conceptions in the ways of bull-breeding and the different kinds of fights in use in each country, justify this antagonism. However, these contradictions can be overcome through an anthropological look : beyond the cultural concept of bull-fighting, men create a true social relationship with the emblematic beast, out of which the religious dimension springs from the spectacular event
Cary, Lise. "Mobilité des éléments selon les alternances aérobie-anaérobie dans un écosystème rizicole en Camargue." Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00186875.
Full textLoubet, Aurelien. "Modélisation de l'hydrosystème Vaccarès : contribution à une gestion adaptative des ressources en eau dans le delta du Rhône, France." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4777.
Full textThe studied site is the Vaccarès hydrosystem, the central part of the Rhône delta and a good example of strong relationship between humans and a natural area. Through the data acquisition and data processing, we characterised the hydro-saline dynamic of this complex hydrosystem from 1993 to 2008. From a further analysis, we established first the hydro-saline and sedimentary balance across the lagoon complex. Through a monitoring of 16 years, the sedimentary balance revealed a sediment deficit of about 19'500 tons when we disregard the outstanding contributions of flooding waters in 1993 and 1994. If this deficit persists, the difference in altitude between the sea and the delta will tend to increase. This will result by a salinization of the system, unwanted by the most of his actors. To investigate these consequences, we conceived a hydrodynamic model of the Vaccarès lagoon complex, capable to simulate water levels and salinities. The model, named Hydro-CAM, was calibrated and validated in terms of water levels and salinities in three sub-units of the lagoon complex. It was then used to test the system dynamics in a prospective approach. The objective in this thesis work was to explore by simulation the possible trajectories of the evolution of the Hydrosystem in terms of water and salt balance. Simulations were based on scenarii constructed from climate parameters and anthropogenic parameters (water management, constructions, land use on drainage basins, etc.). The results revealed the vulnerability of this complex system to various risks which it is already facing and for which the intensification and/or increase can be expected in the future
Balenghien, Thomas. "De l'identification des vecteurs du virus West Nile à la modélisation du risque d'infection dans le sud de la France." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00129514.
Full textPour identifier les espèces vectrices, nous avons conduit des captures sur appâts oiseau, cheval et homme de mai à octobre 2004, recherché le VWN chez les moustiques capturés et réalisé des infections expérimentales des candidats vecteurs. Pour estimer le risque d'infection, la formule de la capacité vectorielle a été généralisée à plusieurs espèces d'hôtes et de vecteurs et spatialisée. Une démarche pour l'estimation spatio-temporelle des densités de vecteurs a été proposée, en se basant sur des modèles de dynamique de population et sur une cartographie des milieux propices au développement larvaire et au déplacement des vecteurs.
Les conclusions de cette étude sont que Culex modestus Ficalbi est sans doute le principal vecteur enzootique (transmission au sein des populations d'oiseaux) et épidémique (transmission des oiseaux aux mammifères) du VWN dans les zones humides. Sa distribution doit être précisée pour estimer l'importance de son rôle en zone sèche. Culex pipiens L. est sans doute un vecteur enzootique important dans l'ensemble de la Camargue et le principal vecteur épidémique en zone sèche, où les déterminants génétiques ou environnementaux de ses préférences trophiques restent à éclaircir. Enfin, les principales espèces d'Aedes et Anopheles n'ont sans doute qu'un rôle mineur dans la transmission du VWN.
Torres-Rondon, Laura. "Etude et modélisation des transferts d'eau et de sel en milieu deltaïque agricole (Camargue-France)." Thesis, Avignon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AVIG0048/document.
Full textThe main objective in this investigation is to construct a representative 3D numerical groundwater flow model of a local superficial aquifer in the Medium Camargue plain to simulate the actual hydrogeological and salt behavior. The 3D model will be used, in a second time, to simulate modifications of the system behavior provide by climate changes. The characterization of the aquifer was carried out by two approaches: a structural survey, using auger drilling technique and some geophysics techniques (EM mapping ERT, ES and), and a hydrogeological survey composed by several pumping tests, piezometric monitoring and groundwater samples. The methodological approach used allowed characterizing the geometry, behavior of the system and the process governing performance of the superficial aquifer. Several environmental phenomena were been identified, such as: a soil’s leaching; an endorheic phenomenon at the lower elevation areas; and the reproduction of the Vaccares pond’s fluctuations at the water table, until 30 m from shore. The numerical model, which has been constructed through field observations, reproduces principal process of the aquifer. This model highlights a possible outflow from the aquifer to the Vaccares pond and the important role of marsh in the hydrodynamic and hydrosaline behavior of the system. The results of the prediction scenarios tested with the numerical model highlights a possible intrusion from Vaccares water and, therefore, a salinization of the system produced by increase of sea level rise. The important presence of the irrigation and the marsh to neutralize a future salinization has been exposed
Davranche, Aurélie. "Suivi de la gestion des zones humides camarguaises par télédétection en référence à leur intérêt avifaunistique." Aix-Marseille 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX10116.
Full textVignon, Sophie. "Les femmes dans les manades en Camargue : "faire comme un homme " et "garder sa féminité"." Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080055.
Full textThis research focuses on the presence of manadières and gardianes – female herders of semi-feral horses and cattle – in the male world of the Camargue delta, where the Rhone River drains into the Mediterranean Sea. The idea is to understand how these women become herders; in what conditions, in terms of gender norms, they join an essentially man’s world. The study is based on participant-observer periods and interviews with 35 female and 10 male herders. Female herders first appeared on the scene in the 80’s. They tend to enter the profession in one of two ways: ether inheriting the mantle from their fathers, or being converted to it by a significant other or through involvement in a male sport or activity. The father-daughter relationship is a privileged one; the girls are often tomboys; the sons their fathers never had. As children, these women are socialized atypically, participating almost exclusively in “male” activities (games and sports). They prefer the company of boys and look down on a certain kind of femininity, although some of them do have female friends. The different channels of socialization lead to different situations. Few female herders are found in what are seen as the most strenuous, or masculine, roles. To hold their own in the manades, the women have to adapt male codes and prove that they have character. They become more masculine, and view a category of women described as fragile and dangerous as inferior. Yet the manade women don’t want to lose their femininity; they care about flaunting it. Feminine and masculine are unstable categories. There is no consensus as to what defines being masculine for either women or men
Valette, Marc. "Etude structurale du gisement salifère oligocène de Vauvert (Gard)." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20037.
Full textAlhousari, Fadi. "Fate and behaviour of acidic rice herbicides in lagoon waters of camargue." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10022/document.
Full textThe Ile de Camargue basin is the central part of the Rhône Delta in the south of France included between the two branches of the river. The higher parts of this area are agricultural lands, mainly rice fields, whereas the lower parts are lagoons and natural wetlands of international importance for biodiversity preservation.Bentazone, dichlorprop, and MCPA are post-emerging herbicides applied in rice fields from mid April to mid June. Rice fields grown under flooded conditions represent an environment where these conditions increase the potential for pesticides to transport in runoff from rice fields to non- target surface waters.To predict their fate in the surface waters of the Camargue and to asses their risk, it is necessary to understand their chemical reaction under environmental conditions.Reactive photoinduced species (RPS, hydroxyl radical HO., singlet oxygen 1O2 and dissolved organic matter triplet state) in estuarine waters (Vaccarès lagoon) were characterized experimentally to estimate the role of photochemistry in rice paddy. We then developed a kinetic model describing the solar photo-transformation of xenobiotic organic compounds induced by the three different photooxidants RPS. Sunlight photodegradation of bentazone, dichlorprop (DCPP), MCPA and alachlor (used as a surrogate for the similar Pretilachlor, pre-emergence herbicide) and microbial transformation were conducted experimentally to estimate near-surface half-lives in surface water. Parallel to the experimental study, an assessment of the elimination rates of those herbicides by sorption and sedimentation, and volatilization were obtained by the model MASAS (Modelling of Anthropogenic Substances in Aquatic Systems).The half-lives of the herbicides obtained experimentally were then compared with those obtained from field data. This allowed to assessing the main processes involved in the attenuation of herbicide concentrations
Morisseau, Gregory. "Mer combattue, mer acceptée : un projet de paysages et ses problématiques Bas-Champs (Picardie, France) et Camargue (PACA, France)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040063.
Full textCoastal territories and landscapes are submitted to increasing yet better identified natural risks (storms, flooding, etc.), especially under the effects of climate change. Its reflections, the eustatic ones among others, have various consequences on the landscape. How is it possible, in a proactive reasoning, to take advantage of the lanscape alterations at the same time as limitating, controling and why not correcting the excesses due to the sea level rise on the coasts ? The aim is to show that it is possible to adjust to these risks upon taking landscapes into account and managing the coastal structures a lighter and better thought-out way.An argued assessment on the way the landscape is taken into account in current strategies used to reduce the flooding risks, is followed with an evaluation of the way the landscape project, a holistic process of designing and sharing long term visions, can be used as a tool to reduce the vulnerability of both the territory and its society. Then, the thesis focuses on the emblematic Camargue delta, a territory which natural and social processes allowed to develop a society together with lanscapes creators of wealth in a dynamic balance considering the permanent flooding risks. However, keeping in mind, among other causes, that of climate change, this strategic balance is being questioned and needs the elaboration of hypotheses for another form of Camargue. Thus, in an exploratory dimension, the thesis suggests an argued illustration of new models of development and adjustment for the system of Camargue. Taking into account both the landscape and climate change, the first results of a study on managed realignment in Bas-Champs, Picardie, lead us to a demand for the implementation of a coastal regeneration policy as the answer to the issues of coastal terriories for today, and even more for tomorrow
Brunel, Cédric. "Évolution séculaire de l'avant côte de la méditerranée Française, impact de l'élévation du niveau de la mer et des tempêtes." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00511971.
Full textErnoul, Lisa. "Entre Camargue et Delta de Gediz : réflexions sur les transferts de modèles de gestion intégrée des zones côtières." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM3065.
Full textParticipatory integrated management gained international recognition in Europe with integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) approaches. The movement has spread beyond the European borders and includes the entire Mediterranean basin with the ICZM Protocol under the Barcelona Convention. This research raises the question on the application of standardized environmental management models in distinct geopolitical and socio-cultural contexts. The overall objective of this analysis is to improve the implementation and impact of conservation projects through an improved understanding of social, cultural and geographical dimensions. This research analyzes the complexity of socio-cultural perceptions and dynamics of environmental governance within and between sites (the Rhone delta, France and the Gediz delta, Turkey). Base lines were established for political and administrative contexts, ecological states and socio-cultural perspectives to analyze the similarities and differences. Ninety three qualitative and quantitative interviews were conducted using a purposive sampling methodology. The potential application of integrated participatory management was studied through the lenses of social networks, environmental discourses, and environmental values and perceptions with a geo-governance approach. Using each of these views, we demonstrated that participation is considered, sought and implemented in distinct ways in each site. These differences support the dominant theme of this work: environmental strategies must be adapted to suit site specific contexts. The results are a reminder that we should not overlook local contexts if we want to promote institutional effectiveness