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Journal articles on the topic 'Parasitoids Immunology'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 January 2023

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1

Henry, Lee M., Bernard D. Roitberg, and David R. Gillespie. "Covariance of phenotypically plastic traits induces an adaptive shift in host selection behaviour." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 273, no. 1603 (August 15, 2006): 2893–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2006.3672.

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Flexibility in adult body size allows generalist parasitoids to use many host species at a cost of producing a range of adult sizes. Consequently, host selection behaviour must also maintain a level of flexibility as adult size is related to capture efficiency. In the present study, we investigated covariance of two plastic traits—size at pupation and host size selection behaviour—using Aphidius ervi reared on either Acyrthosiphon pisum or Aulacorthum solani , generating females of disparate sizes. Natal host was shown to change the ranking of perceived host quality with relation to host size.

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Özbek, Rabia, Krishnendu Mukherjee, Fevzi Uçkan, and Andreas Vilcinskas. "Reprograming of epigenetic mechanisms controlling host insect immunity and development in response to egg-laying by a parasitoid wasp." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1928 (June 10, 2020): 20200704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.0704.

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Parasitoids are insects that use other insects as hosts. They sabotage host cellular and humoral defences to promote the survival of their offspring by injecting viruses and venoms along with their eggs. Many pathogens and parasites disrupt host epigenetic mechanisms to overcome immune system defences, and we hypothesized that parasitoids may use the same strategy. We used the ichneumon wasp Pimpla turionellae as a model idiobiont parasitoid to test this hypothesis, with pupae of the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella as the host. We found that parasitoid infestation involves the suppression

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Potter, Kristen A., and H. Arthur Woods. "Trichogramma parasitoids alter the metabolic physiology of Manduca eggs." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1742 (June 20, 2012): 3572–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.1050.

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Egg parasitoids face unique developmental constraints. First, they have exceptionally limited resources to support themselves and their siblings through three life stages. Second, they develop within the physiological system of another species, which they modify to their own ends. We examined how these constraints affect the metabolic physiology of egg parasitism, and whether parasitoids retool their host eggshell to account for their different metabolic demands. Higher-conductance eggshells allow more oxygen to reach the developing parasitoids, but also allow more water to leave the egg. We u

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Staab, Michael, Helge Bruelheide, Walter Durka, Stefan Michalski, Oliver Purschke, Chao-Dong Zhu, and Alexandra-Maria Klein. "Tree phylogenetic diversity promotes host–parasitoid interactions." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1834 (July 13, 2016): 20160275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.0275.

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Evidence from grassland experiments suggests that a plant community's phylogenetic diversity (PD) is a strong predictor of ecosystem processes, even stronger than species richness per se . This has, however, never been extended to species-rich forests and host–parasitoid interactions. We used cavity-nesting Hymenoptera and their parasitoids collected in a subtropical forest as a model system to test whether hosts, parasitoids, and their interactions are influenced by tree PD and a comprehensive set of environmental variables, including tree species richness. Parasitism rate and parasitoid abun

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Härri, Simone A., Jochen Krauss, and Christine B. Müller. "Fungal endosymbionts of plants reduce lifespan of an aphid secondary parasitoid and influence host selection." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 275, no. 1651 (August 5, 2008): 2627–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2008.0594.

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Complex biotic interactions shape ecological communities of plants, herbivores and their natural enemies. In studies of multi-trophic interactions, the presence of small, invisible micro-organisms associated with plants and those of a fourth above-ground trophic level have often been neglected. Incorporating these neglected factors improves our understanding of the processes within a multi-trophic network. Here, we ask whether the presence of a fungal endosymbiont, which alters plant quality by producing herbivore-toxic substances, trickles up the food chain and affects the performance and hos

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Castelo, Marcela K., and José E. Crespo. "Microorganismal Cues Involved in Host-Location in Asilidae Parasitoids." Biology 11, no. 1 (January 13, 2022): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11010129.

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Parasitoids are organisms that kill their host before completing their development. Typical parasitoids belong to Hymenoptera, whose females search for the hosts. But some atypical Diptera parasitoids also have searching larvae that must orientate toward, encounter, and accept hosts, through cues with different levels of detectability. In this work, the chemical cues involved in the detection of the host by parasitoid larvae of the genus Mallophora are shown with a behavioral approach. Through olfactometry assays, we show that two species of Mallophora orient to different host species and that

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Fatouros, N. E., A. Cusumano, F. Bin, A. Polaszek, and J. C. van Lenteren. "How to escape from insect egg parasitoids: a review of potential factors explaining parasitoid absence across the Insecta." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1931 (July 22, 2020): 20200344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.0344.

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The egg is the first life stage directly exposed to the environment in oviparous animals, including many vertebrates and most arthropods. Eggs are vulnerable and prone to mortality risks. In arthropods, one of the most common egg mortality factors is attack from parasitoids. Yet, parasitoids that attack the egg stage are absent in more than half of all insect (sub)orders. In this review, we explore possible causes explaining why eggs of some insect taxa are not parasitized. Many insect (sub)orders that are not attacked by egg parasitoids lack herbivorous species, with some notable exceptions.

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Girling, Robbie D., Alex Stewart-Jones, Julie Dherbecourt, Joanna T. Staley, Denis J. Wright, and Guy M. Poppy. "Parasitoids select plants more heavily infested with their caterpillar hosts: a new approach to aid interpretation of plant headspace volatiles." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1718 (January 26, 2011): 2646–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.2725.

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Plants produce volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in response to herbivore attack, and these VOCs can be used by parasitoids of the herbivore as host location cues. We investigated the behavioural responses of the parasitoid Cotesia vestalis to VOCs from a plant–herbivore complex consisting of cabbage plants ( Brassica oleracea ) and the parasitoids host caterpillar, Plutella xylostella . A Y-tube olfactometer was used to compare the parasitoids' responses to VOCs produced as a result of different levels of attack by the caterpillar and equivalent levels of mechanical damage. Headspace VOC prod

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McLean, Ailsa H. C., and H. Charles J. Godfray. "Evidence for specificity in symbiont-conferred protection against parasitoids." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1811 (July 22, 2015): 20150977. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.0977.

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Many insects harbour facultative symbiotic bacteria, some of which have been shown to provide resistance against natural enemies. One of the best-known protective symbionts is Hamiltonella defensa , which in pea aphid ( Acyrthosiphon pisum ) confers resistance against attack by parasitoid wasps in the genus Aphidius (Braconidae). We asked (i) whether this symbiont also confers protection against a phylogenetically distant group of parasitoids (Aphelinidae) and (ii) whether there are consistent differences in the effects of bacteria found in pea aphid biotypes adapted to different host plants.

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Quicke, Donald L. J., and Buntika A. Butcher. "Review of Venoms of Non-Polydnavirus Carrying Ichneumonoid Wasps." Biology 10, no. 1 (January 12, 2021): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10010050.

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Parasitoids are predominantly insects that develop as larvae on or inside their host, also usually another insect, ultimately killing it after various periods of parasitism when both parasitoid larva and host are alive. The very large wasp superfamily Ichneumonoidea is composed of parasitoids of other insects and comprises a minimum of 100,000 species. The superfamily is dominated by two similarly sized families, Braconidae and Ichneumonidae, which are collectively divided into approximately 80 subfamilies. Of these, six have been shown to release DNA-containing virus-like particles, encoded w

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Trainor, Jordann E., Pooja KR, and Nathan T. Mortimer. "Immune Cell Production Is Targeted by Parasitoid Wasp Virulence in a Drosophila–Parasitoid Wasp Interaction." Pathogens 10, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10010049.

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The interactions between Drosophila melanogaster and the parasitoid wasps that infect Drosophila species provide an important model for understanding host–parasite relationships. Following parasitoid infection, D. melanogaster larvae mount a response in which immune cells (hemocytes) form a capsule around the wasp egg, which then melanizes, leading to death of the parasitoid. Previous studies have found that host hemocyte load; the number of hemocytes available for the encapsulation response; and the production of lamellocytes, an infection induced hemocyte type, are major determinants of host

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12

von Burg, Simone, Julia Ferrari, Christine B. Müller, and Christoph Vorburger. "Genetic variation and covariation of susceptibility to parasitoids in the aphid Myzus persicae : no evidence for trade-offs." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 275, no. 1638 (February 12, 2008): 1089–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2008.0018.

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Parasitoids are an important mortality factor for insects. Susceptibility to parasitoids should thus be under strong negative selection. Nevertheless, ample genetic variation for susceptibility to parasitoids is commonly observed in natural populations, suggesting that trade-offs may constrain the evolution of reduced susceptibility. This can be studied by assessing genetic variation for susceptibility and its covariation with other components of fitness. In a set of 17 clones of the peach potato aphid, Myzus persicae , for which good estimates of heritable variation for life-history traits we

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Macfadyen, Sarina, Paul G. Craze, Andrew Polaszek, Kees van Achterberg, and Jane Memmott. "Parasitoid diversity reduces the variability in pest control services across time on farms." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1723 (March 30, 2011): 3387–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.2673.

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Recent declines in biodiversity have increased interest in the link between biodiversity and the provision and sustainability of ecosystem services across space and time. We mapped the complex network of interactions between herbivores and parasitoids to examine the relationship between parasitoid species richness, functional group diversity and the provision of natural pest control services. Quantitative food webs were constructed for 10 organic and 10 conventional farms. Parasitoid species richness varied from 26 to 58 species and we found a significant positive relationship between parasito

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Hajek, Ann E., and Saskya van Nouhuys. "Fatal diseases and parasitoids: from competition to facilitation in a shared host." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1828 (April 13, 2016): 20160154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.0154.

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Diverse parasite taxa share hosts both at the population level and within individual hosts, and their interactions, ranging from competitive exclusion to facilitation, can drive community structure and dynamics. Emergent pathogens have the potential to greatly alter community interactions. We found that an emergent fungal entomopathogen dominated pre-existing lethal parasites in populations of the forest defoliating gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar . The parasite community was composed of the fungus and four parasitoid species that only develop successfully after they kill the host, and a virus th

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Ruther, Joachim, Lorena Prager, and Tamara Pokorny. "Parasitic wasps do not lack lipogenesis." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 288, no. 1951 (May 26, 2021): 20210548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.0548.

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Fatty acids are crucial primary metabolites for virtually all creatures on earth. Most organisms thus do not rely exclusively on a nutritional supply containing fatty acids, but have the ability to synthesize fatty acids and triacylglycerides de novo from carbohydrates in a process called lipogenesis. The ubiquity of lipogenesis has been questioned by a series of studies reporting that many parasitic wasps (parasitoids) do not accumulate lipid mass despite having unlimited access to sugar. This has been interpreted as an evolutionary metabolic trait loss in parasitoids. Here, we demonstrate de

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Cayetano, Luis, Lukas Rothacher, Jean-Christophe Simon, and Christoph Vorburger. "Cheaper is not always worse: strongly protective isolates of a defensive symbiont are less costly to the aphid host." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1799 (January 22, 2015): 20142333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.2333.

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Defences against parasites are typically associated with costs to the host that contribute to the maintenance of variation in resistance. This also applies to the defence provided by the facultative bacterial endosymbiont Hamiltonella defensa, which protects its aphid hosts against parasitoid wasps while imposing life-history costs. To investigate the cost–benefit relationship within protected hosts, we introduced multiple isolates of H. defensa to the same genetic backgrounds of black bean aphids, Aphis fabae , and we quantified the protection against their parasitoid Lysiphlebus fabarum as w

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Nair, Abhilash, Etsuko Nonaka, and Saskya van Nouhuys. "Increased fluctuation in a butterfly metapopulation leads to diploid males and decline of a hyperparasitoid." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1885 (August 22, 2018): 20180372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0372.

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Climate change can increase spatial synchrony of population dynamics, leading to large-scale fluctuation that destabilizes communities. High trophic level species such as parasitoids are disproportionally affected because they depend on unstable resources. Most parasitoid wasps have complementary sex determination, producing sterile males when inbred, which can theoretically lead to population extinction via the diploid male vortex (DMV). We examined this process empirically using a hyperparasitoid population inhabiting a spatially structured host population in a large fragmented landscape. Ov

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Nair, Abhilash, Toby Fountain, Suvi Ikonen, Sami P. Ojanen, and Saskya van Nouhuys. "Spatial and temporal genetic structure at the fourth trophic level in a fragmented landscape." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1831 (May 25, 2016): 20160668. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.0668.

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A fragmented habitat becomes increasingly fragmented for species at higher trophic levels, such as parasitoids. To persist, these species are expected to possess life-history traits, such as high dispersal, that facilitate their ability to use resources that become scarce in fragmented landscapes. If a specialized parasitoid disperses widely to take advantage of a sparse host, then the parasitoid population should have lower genetic structure than the host. We investigated the temporal and spatial genetic structure of a hyperparasitoid (fourth trophic level) in a fragmented landscape over 50 ×

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Pulido, Hannier, Kerry E. Mauck, Consuelo M. De Moraes, and Mark C. Mescher. "Combined effects of mutualistic rhizobacteria counteract virus-induced suppression of indirect plant defences in soya bean." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1903 (May 22, 2019): 20190211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.0211.

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It is increasingly clear that microbial plant symbionts can influence interactions between their plant hosts and other organisms. However, such effects remain poorly understood, particularly under ecologically realistic conditions where plants simultaneously interact with diverse mutualists and antagonists. Here, we examine how the effects of a plant virus on indirect plant defences against its insect vector are influenced by co-occurrence of other microbial plant symbionts. Using a multi-factorial design, we manipulated colonization of soya bean using three different microbes: a pathogenic pl

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Ismail, Ismail, Rusli Anwar, and Wartomo. "PEMANFAATAN BUNGA PUKUL DELAPAN (Turnera subulata) SEBAGAI TANAMAN INANG BAGI PREDATOR DAN PARASITOID ULAT API (Studi Kasus PT. Tritunggal Sentra Buana)." JURNAL AGRIMENT 6, no. 2 (December 3, 2021): 120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.51967/jurnalagriment.v6i2.588.

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This research is motivated by the importance of knowledge about alternative pest control that is safe but still supports the achievement of maximum oil palm production so that the balance of the oil palm plantation ecosystem can occur. The purpose of this study is to determine the technical cultivation and benefits of the Turnera subulata flower as a host plant for predators and parasitoids that function as biological agents for caterpillars and can be a reference for controlling caterpillar pests that are safe and still support the achievement of maximum oil palm production. The method used i

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Nappi, Anthony J., and Yves Carton. "Immunogenetic aspects of the cellular immune response of Drosophila against parasitoids." Immunogenetics 52, no. 3-4 (January 24, 2001): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510000272.

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Arguelles, Joseph, Jenny Lee, Lady V. Cardenas, Shubha Govind, and Shaneen Singh. "In Silico Analysis of a Drosophila Parasitoid Venom Peptide Reveals Prevalence of the Cation–Polar–Cation Clip Motif in Knottin Proteins." Pathogens 12, no. 1 (January 14, 2023): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12010143.

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As generalist parasitoid wasps, Leptopilina heterotoma are highly successful on many species of fruit flies of the genus Drosophila. The parasitoids produce specialized multi-strategy extracellular vesicle (EV)-like structures in their venom. Proteomic analysis identified several immunity-associated proteins, including the knottin peptide, LhKNOT, containing the structurally conserved inhibitor cysteine knot (ICK) fold, which is present in proteins from diverse taxa. Our structural and docking analysis of LhKNOT’s 36-residue core knottin fold revealed that in addition to the knottin motif itse

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Mathis, Kaitlyn A., and Neil D. Tsutsui. "Dead ant walking: a myrmecophilous beetle predator uses parasitoid host location cues to selectively prey on parasitized ants." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1836 (August 17, 2016): 20161281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.1281.

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Myrmecophiles (i.e. organisms that associate with ants) use a variety of ecological niches and employ different strategies to survive encounters with ants. Because ants are typically excellent defenders, myrmecophiles may choose moments of weakness to take advantage of their ant associates. This hypothesis was studied in the rove beetle, Myrmedonota xipe , which associates with Azteca sericeasur ants in the presence of parasitoid flies. A combination of laboratory and field experiments show that M. xipe beetles selectively locate and prey upon parasitized ants. These parasitized ants are less

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Gagic, Vesna, Teja Tscharntke, Carsten F. Dormann, Bernd Gruber, Anne Wilstermann, and Carsten Thies. "Food web structure and biocontrol in a four-trophic level system across a landscape complexity gradient." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1720 (February 16, 2011): 2946–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.2645.

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Decline in landscape complexity owing to agricultural intensification may affect biodiversity, food web complexity and associated ecological processes such as biological control, but such relationships are poorly understood. Here, we analysed food webs of cereal aphids, their primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids in 18 agricultural landscapes differing in structural complexity (42–93% arable land). Despite little variation in the richness of each trophic group, we found considerable changes in trophic link properties across the landscape complexity gradient. Unexpectedly, aphid–parasitoid f

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Kraaijeveld, Alex R., Naji P. Elrayes, Hansjürgen Schuppe, and Philip L. Newland. "l-Arginine enhances immunity to parasitoids in Drosophila melanogaster and increases NO production in lamellocytes." Developmental & Comparative Immunology 35, no. 8 (August 2011): 857–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2011.03.019.

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Schlenke, Todd A., Jorge Morales, Shubha Govind, and Andrew G. Clark. "Contrasting Infection Strategies in Generalist and Specialist Wasp Parasitoids of Drosophila melanogaster." PLoS Pathogens 3, no. 10 (October 26, 2007): e158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.0030158.

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McLean, A. H. C., J. Hrček, B. J. Parker, H. Mathé-Hubert, H. Kaech, C. Paine, and H. C. J. Godfray. "Multiple phenotypes conferred by a single insect symbiont are independent." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1929 (June 17, 2020): 20200562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.0562.

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Many microbial symbionts have multiple phenotypic consequences for their animal hosts. However, the ways in which different symbiont-mediated phenotypes combine to affect fitness are not well understood. We investigated whether there are correlations between different symbiont-mediated phenotypes. We used the symbiont Spiroplasma , a striking example of a bacterial symbiont conferring diverse phenotypes on insect hosts. We took 11 strains of Spiroplasma infecting pea aphids ( Acyrthosiphon pisum ) and assessed their ability to provide protection against the fungal pathogen Pandora neoaphidis a

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Le Ralec, Anne, Caroline Anselme, Yannick Outreman, Marylène Poirié, Joan van Baaren, Cécile Le Lann, and Jacques J. M. van Alphen. "Evolutionary ecology of the interactions between aphids and their parasitoids." Comptes Rendus Biologies 333, no. 6-7 (June 2010): 554–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crvi.2010.03.010.

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Farris, Sarah M., and Susanne Schulmeister. "Parasitoidism, not sociality, is associated with the evolution of elaborate mushroom bodies in the brains of hymenopteran insects." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1707 (November 10, 2010): 940–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.2161.

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The social brain hypothesis posits that the cognitive demands of social behaviour have driven evolutionary expansions in brain size in some vertebrate lineages. In insects, higher brain centres called mushroom bodies are enlarged and morphologically elaborate (having doubled, invaginated and subcompartmentalized calyces that receive visual input) in social species such as the ants, bees and wasps of the aculeate Hymenoptera, suggesting that the social brain hypothesis may also apply to invertebrate animals. In a quantitative and qualitative survey of mushroom body morphology across the Hymenop

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Stireman, John O., John D. Nason, Stephen B. Heard, and Julie M. Seehawer. "Cascading host-associated genetic differentiation in parasitoids of phytophagous insects." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 273, no. 1586 (December 6, 2005): 523–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2005.3363.

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Wang, Rong, Xiao-Yong Chen, Yan Chen, Gang Wang, Derek W. Dunn, Rupert J. Quinnell, and Stephen G. Compton. "Loss of top-down biotic interactions changes the relative benefits for obligate mutualists." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1897 (February 20, 2019): 20182501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.2501.

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The collapse of mutualisms owing to anthropogenic changes is contributing to losses of biodiversity. Top predators can regulate biotic interactions between species at lower trophic levels and may contribute to the stability of such mutualisms, but they are particularly likely to be lost after disturbance of communities. We focused on the mutualism between the fig tree Ficus microcarpa and its host-specific pollinator fig wasp and compared the benefits accrued by the mutualists in natural and translocated areas of distribution. Parasitoids of the pollinator were rare or absent outside the natur

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Amo, Luisa, Anna Mrazova, Irene Saavedra, and Katerina Sam. "Exogenous Application of Methyl Jasmonate Increases Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds in Pyrenean Oak Trees, Quercus pyrenaica." Biology 11, no. 1 (January 6, 2022): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11010084.

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The tri-trophic interactions between plants, insects, and insect predators and parasitoids are often mediated by chemical cues. The attraction to herbivore-induced Plant Volatiles (HIPVs) has been well documented for arthropod predators and parasitoids, and more recently for insectivorous birds. The attraction to plant volatiles induced by the exogenous application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA), a phytohormone typically produced in response to an attack of chewing herbivores, has provided controversial results both in arthropod and avian predators. In this study, we examined whether potential dif

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Giovannini, Lucrezia, Giuseppino Sabbatini-Peverieri, Patricia Glynn Tillman, Kim Alan Hoelmer, and Pio Federico Roversi. "Reproductive and Developmental Biology of Acroclisoides sinicus, a Hyperparasitoid of Scelionid Parasitoids." Biology 10, no. 3 (March 16, 2021): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10030229.

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Acroclisoides sinicus (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) was described in 1988 from China, but recent findings in Europe and North America within the framework of Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) biological control indicate a Holarctic distribution. The few records and fragmented information on A. sinicus are derived from generic observations of other species belonging to the same genus, and its biological and ethological traits are still completely unexplored. It was suspected to be a facultative or obligate hyperparasitoid of many egg parasitoid species (e.g., Scelionidae and Eupelmidae)

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Daversa, D. R., R. F. Hechinger, E. Madin, A. Fenton, A. I. Dell, E. G. Ritchie, J. Rohr, V. H. W. Rudolf, and K. D. Lafferty. "Broadening the ecology of fear: non-lethal effects arise from diverse responses to predation and parasitism." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 288, no. 1945 (February 24, 2021): 20202966. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.2966.

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Research on the ‘ecology of fear’ posits that defensive prey responses to avoid predation can cause non-lethal effects across ecological scales. Parasites also elicit defensive responses in hosts with associated non-lethal effects, which raises the longstanding, yet unresolved question of how non-lethal effects of parasites compare with those of predators. We developed a framework for systematically answering this question for all types of predator–prey and host–parasite systems. Our framework reveals likely differences in non-lethal effects not only between predators and parasites, but also b

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Leitão, Alexandre B., Xueni Bian, Jonathan P. Day, Simone Pitton, Eşref Demir, and Francis M. Jiggins. "Independent effects on cellular and humoral immune responses underlie genotype-by-genotype interactions between Drosophila and parasitoids." PLOS Pathogens 15, no. 10 (October 7, 2019): e1008084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1008084.

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HOUSTON, A., J. MCNAMARA, and H. GODFRAY. "The effect of variability on host feeding and reproductive success in parasitoids." Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 54, no. 2-3 (1992): 465–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0092-8240(05)80037-0.

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Houston, A. I., J. M. McNamara, and H. C. J. Godfray. "The effect of variability on host feeding and reproductive success in parasitoids." Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 54, no. 2-3 (March 1992): 465–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02464844.

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CHATTOPADHAYAY, JOYDEV, RAMRUP SARKAR, MARIA ELENA FRITZSCHE-HOBALLAH, TED C. J. TURLINGS, and LOUIS-FÉLIX BERSIER. "Parasitoids may Determine Plant Fitness—A Mathematical Model Based on Experimental Data." Journal of Theoretical Biology 212, no. 3 (October 2001): 295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jtbi.2001.2374.

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Murray, Elizabeth A., Andrew E. Carmichael, and John M. Heraty. "Ancient host shifts followed by host conservatism in a group of ant parasitoids." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280, no. 1759 (May 22, 2013): 20130495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.0495.

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Laxmanappa Hoti, Suggerappa, and Veena Tandon. "Ocular Parasitoses and Their Immunology." Ocular Immunology and Inflammation 19, no. 6 (November 22, 2011): 385–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09273948.2011.626141.

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Brandt, Jayce W., Germain Chevignon, Kerry M. Oliver, and Michael R. Strand. "Culture of an aphid heritable symbiont demonstrates its direct role in defence against parasitoids." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1866 (November 2017): 20171925. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.1925.

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Heritable symbionts are common in insects with many contributing to host defence. Hamiltonella defensa is a facultative, bacterial symbiont of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum that provides protection against the endoparasitoid wasp Aphidius ervi . Protection levels vary among strains of H. defensa that are differentially infected by bacteriophages named APSEs. By contrast, little is known about mechanism(s) of resistance owing to the intractability of host-restricted microbes for functional study. Here, we developed methods for culturing strains of H. defensa that varied in the presence and

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Myers, Judith H. "Population cycles: generalities, exceptions and remaining mysteries." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1875 (March 21, 2018): 20172841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.2841.

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Population cycles are one of nature's great mysteries. For almost a hundred years, innumerable studies have probed the causes of cyclic dynamics in snowshoe hares, voles and lemmings, forest Lepidoptera and grouse. Even though cyclic species have very different life histories, similarities in mechanisms related to their dynamics are apparent. In addition to high reproductive rates and density-related mortality from predators, pathogens or parasitoids, other characteristics include transgenerational reduced reproduction and dispersal with increasing-peak densities, and genetic similarity among

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Nieuwenhuizen, Natalie E. "Anisakis- immunology of a foodborne parasitosis." Parasite Immunology 38, no. 9 (September 2016): 548–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pim.12349.

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Germinara, Giacinto Salvatore, Antonio De Cristofaro, and Giuseppe Rotundo. "Electrophysiological and Behavioral Responses ofTheocolax elegans(Westwood) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) to Cereal Grain Volatiles." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5460819.

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Volatiles emitted by the host’s food would be the first signals used by parasitoids in the host location process and are thought to play an important role in host habitat location. In this study, the olfactory responses ofTheocolax elegans(Westwood), a Pteromalid wasp that parasitizes immature stages of stored-product insect pests developing inside cereal or leguminous grains, to volatiles emitted by healthy wheat grains, their hexane extracts, and different doses of three individual compounds previously identified in cereal grain odors were investigated in Y-tube olfactometer and Petri dish a

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Deas, Joseph B., and Martha S. Hunter. "Mothers modify eggs into shields to protect offspring from parasitism." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1730 (September 14, 2011): 847–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.1585.

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Eggs are an immobile, vulnerable stage of development and their success often depends on the oviposition decisions of the mother. Studies show that female animals, and sometimes males, may invest parental resources in order to increase the survival of their offspring. Here, we describe a unique form of parental investment in offspring survival. The seed beetle Mimosestes amicus may lay eggs singly, or may cover eggs with additional egg(s). This egg stacking serves to significantly reduce the mortality of the protected egg from parasitism by the parasitic wasp, Uscana semifumipennis . The small

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Forsman, Anders, Per-Eric Betzholtz, and Markus Franzén. "Variable coloration is associated with dampened population fluctuations in noctuid moths." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1808 (June 7, 2015): 20142922. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.2922.

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Theory and recent reviews state that greater genetic and phenotypic variation should be beneficial for population abundance and stability. Experimental evaluations of this prediction are rare, of short duration and conducted under controlled environmental settings. The question whether greater diversity in functionally important traits stabilizes populations under more complex ecological conditions in the wild has not been systematically evaluated. Moths are mainly nocturnal, with a large variation in colour patterns among species, and constitute an important food source for many types of orga

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Mesterton-Gibbons, Mike, Antonino Cusumano, and Ian C. W. Hardy. "Escaping the evolutionary trap: Can size-related contest advantage compensate for juvenile mortality disadvantage when parasitoids develop in unnatural invasive hosts?" Journal of Theoretical Biology 527 (October 2021): 110821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2021.110821.

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Vorburger, Christoph, Alexandre Gouskov, and Simone von Burg. "Genetic covariation between effectiveness and cost of defence in aphids." Biology Letters 4, no. 6 (September 2, 2008): 674–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2008.0382.

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Ecological immunology distinguishes between the long-term evolutionary costs of possessing defences against parasites and the short-term costs of using them. Evolutionary biologists have typically focused on the former in the search for constraints on the evolution of resistance. Here, we show in the peach-potato aphid, Myzus persicae , that short-term costs may be of equal evolutionary importance. Survivors of more resistant aphid clones suffered a higher reduction of fecundity upon parasitoid attack than survivors of more susceptible clones. This genetically based trade-off between benefits

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Simon, L., F. Peyron, and M. Wallon. "Parasitosis digestivas." EMC - Pediatría 57, no. 3 (August 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1245-1789(22)46767-9.

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Solomons, Noel W. "MALNUTRITION AND INFECTION: AN UPDATE." British Journal of Nutrition 98, S1 (October 2007): S5—S10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114507832879.

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The original Scrimshaw, Taylor and Gordon conceptual framework for the interaction of nutrition and infection has well served the scientific community for almost half a century. At its core is the notion of synergistic (mutually reinforcing) and antagonistic (mutually nullifying) influences of the malnourished state on infectious conditions and vice versa. Research on a series of advancing fronts, however, has allowed the incorporation of both relevant public health issues (parasitosis, emerging infectious diseases, obesity and overweight, etc.) and advancing science (molecular immunology, oxi

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