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Journal articles on the topic 'Parasitological research'
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1
Lundén, A., K. Lövgren Bengtsson, A. Sjölander, and A. Uggla. "Iscoms in parasitological research." Parasitology Today 12, no. 8 (1996): 320–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-4758(96)10022-3.
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Selbach, Christian, Fátima Jorge, Eddy Dowle, et al. "Parasitological research in the molecular age." Parasitology 146, no. 11 (2019): 1361–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182019000726.
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AbstractNew technological methods, such as rapidly developing molecular approaches, often provide new tools for scientific advances. However, these new tools are often not utilized equally across different research areas, possibly leading to disparities in progress between these areas. Here, we use empirical evidence from the scientific literature to test for potential discrepancies in the use of genetic tools to study parasitic vs non-parasitic organisms across three distinguishable molecular periods, the allozyme, nucleotide and genomics periods. Publications on parasites constitute only a fraction (<5%) of the total research output across all molecular periods and are dominated by medically relevant parasites (especially protists), particularly during the early phase of each period. Our analysis suggests an increasing complexity of topics and research questions being addressed with the development of more sophisticated molecular tools, with the research focus between the periods shifting from predominantly species discovery to broader theory-focused questions. We conclude that both new and older molecular methods offer powerful tools for research on parasites, including their diverse roles in ecosystems and their relevance as human pathogens. While older methods, such as barcoding approaches, will continue to feature in the molecular toolbox of parasitologists for years to come, we encourage parasitologists to be more responsive to new approaches that provide the tools to address broader questions.
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Dvorak, J. A. "New microscope modalities for parasitological research." Parasitology International 47 (August 1998): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1383-5769(98)80257-2.
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Cox, F. E. G. "Australian Parasitological Research: Now and in 2000." Parasitology Today 14, no. 4 (1998): 133–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-4758(97)01215-5.
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Jakimavičius, Algimantas. "The Evaluation of the Long-Term Parasitological Research." Acta Zoologica Lituanica 11, no. 4 (2001): 419–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13921657.2001.10512479.
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Van Meensel, J., A. Kanora, L. Lauwers, J. Jourquin, L. Goossens, and G. Van Huylenbroeck. "From research to farm: ex ante evaluation of strategic deworming in pig finishing." Veterinární Medicína 55, No. 10 (2010): 483–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2940-vetmed.
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This paper upgrades generic and partial information from parasitological research for farm-specific decision support, using two methods from managerial sciences: partial budgeting and frontier analysis. The analysis focuses on strategic deworming in pig finishing and assesses both effects on economic performance and nutrient efficiency. The application of partial budgeting and frontier analysis is based on a production-theoretical system analysis which is necessary to integrate parasitological research results to assess aggregate economic and environmental impacts. Results show that both statistically significant and insignificant parasitological research results have to be taken into account. Partial budgeting and frontier analysis appear to be complementary methods: partial budgeting yields more discriminatory and communicative results, while frontier methods provide additional diagnostics through exploring optimization possibilities and economic-environmental trade-offs. Strategic deworming results in a win-win effect on economic and environmental performances. Gross margin increases with 3 to 12 &euro; per average present finisher per year, depending on the cyclic pig price conditions. The impact on the nutrient balance ranges from +0.2 to &ndash;0.5 kg nitrogen per average present finisher per year. The observed efficiency improvements are mainly technical and further economic and environmental optimizations can be achieved through input re-allocation. A user-friendly spreadsheet is provided to translate the generic experimental information to farm-specific conditions.
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Awad, Simon, and Izabella Rząd. "Jericho (Palestine) Spring 2014 Ornithological and Parasitological Research Results." Ring 36, no. 1 (2015): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ring-2014-0003.
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Abstract Work begun in autumn 2013 at a research ringing site near Jericho in the Jordan Valley (Palestine) was continued in spring 2014 (8 March–18 April). Due to a flood, the area was much changed in relation to the autumn habitat distribution. Standard ornithological and ringing work was performed using mist nets. The methods used were in accordance with SEEN (SE European Bird Migration Network) standards, and apart from ringing included some measurements (wing length, tail length, wing formula) and scores (fat determination and body mass), as well as testing of the directional preferences of migrants. The ornithological work was expanded to include parasitological testing, taking into account migrant-helminth relations during migration. Altogether 508 birds from 44 species were ringed and inspected for external signs of infection by Collyriclum faba trematodes (subcutaneous cysts), and an additional 32 dead individuals were collected and dissected. Altogether 168 internal parasites were found. The most common migrants in spring were Lesser Whitethroat Sylvia curruca, Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla and Olivaceous Warbler Hippolais pallida, while the autumn dominants–Masked and Red-backed shrikes (Lanius nubicus and L. collurio) were scarce. In spring a good number of Dead Sea Sparrows Passer moabiticus were caught, but only two introduced Indian Silverbills Lonchura malabarica.
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Monis, P. T. "Invited review The importance of systematics in parasitological research." International Journal for Parasitology 29, no. 3 (1999): 381–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7519(98)00216-1.
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Aslanova, Marya M., K. Yu Kuznetsova, O. O. Sinitsyna, and A. V. Zagaynova. "THE EFFECTIVENESS AND ADEQUACY OF METHODOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR HYGIENIC STANDARDS FOR PARASITOLOGICAL INDICES IN THE SYSTEM OF STATE ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING." Hygiene and sanitation 96, no. 10 (2019): 980–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-10-980-982.
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There was performed the analysis of the correspondence of approved methods of parasitological research to goals of ensuring an effective system of sanitary and hygienic monitoring and control of parasitic environmental safety. There has been established the discrepancy between the methodological procedures and the international standards of laboratory technologies and the backlog in the provision of regulatory and legal requirements. One of directions in solving the problems of the practical health service is the improvement of the material and technical and methodological basis of parasitological laboratories, the introduction of high-tech robotic microscope analyzers and research methods based on the use of immunosorbents - methods of immunomagnetic separation (IMS), adapted to parasitological studies of environmental objects of various natural origin. IMS methods of investigation are based on the use of immunosorbents.
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Li, Shang-Jen. "The Nurse of Parasites: Gender Concepts in Patrick Manson's Parasitological Research." Journal of the History of Biology 37, no. 1 (2004): 103–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:hist.0000020280.93881.48.
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Kvach, Y., and T. Kuzmina. "Parasitological research in Antarctica: review of the issues and future prospects." Ukrainian Antarctic Journal, no. 1 (July 2020): 102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33275/1727-7485.1.2020.383.
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Irdeeva, Viktoria A., Rudolf S. Arakelyan, Gennadii L. Shendo, Darya S. Aleksashina, Anna M. Sosnina, and Anastasia V. Bolonina. "Food safety by parasitological indicators." Perm Medical Journal 38, no. 1 (2021): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/pmj381135-143.
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Objective. To study the sanitary and parasitological state of food products in Astrakhan Region for their contamination with eggs and larvae of helminths, as well as cysts of pathogenic intestinal protozoa.
 Materials and methods. The work was carried out on the basis of the Laboratory of Bacteriological and Parasitological Research of the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Astrakhan Region in 20152019. A total of 1.430 food samples were examined and 2207 studies were performed during the analyzed period. The number of unsatisfactory samples was 4.6 % (n = 66) the following was found: larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis 84.8 % (n = 56), eggs and metacercariae of Opisthorchis felineus 4.5 % (n = 3), cysts of Entamoeba histolytica, larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis + Ascaris lumbricoides 3.0 % (n = 2), eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides and Enterobius vermicularis 1.5 % (n = 1) and larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis + Toxocara Canis 1.5 % (n = 1).
 Results. The largest number of selected and investigated food samples was accounted for fruit and vegetable samples 54.3 % (n = 777), of which 8.4 % (n = 65) of the samples were unsatisfactory. In these samples, larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis were found 86.2 % (n = 56) of all positive findings of fruit and vegetable products, eggs of Opisthorchis felineus and cysts of Entamoeba histolytica 3.1 % (n = 2 each), as well as unfertilized eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides and eggs of Enterobius vermicularis 1.5 % (n = 1 each). In addition to isolated findings, there were noted cases of mixed invasion: larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis + unfertilized eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides-3.1 % (n = 2) and larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis + eggs of Toxocara canis 1.5 % (n = 1).
 Conclusions. The presence of Toxocara eggs and strongylid larvae on the samples of fruit and vegetable products indicates soil contamination with feces of invasive animals. The presence of ascarid eggs on food indicates contamination of the soil with the feces of infested persons. The presence of opisthorchis eggs on the samples of cucumbers and tomatoes, and cysts of dysentery amoeba on the samples of cucumbers and cabbage indicates contamination of water used for watering these products with eggs and cysts of pathogenic intestinal protozoa. The presence of pinworm eggs on cucumbers indicates contact of an infected person with this product. Contamination may have occurred when the product was transported to the laboratory.
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Stothard, J. R., D. T. J. Littlewood, R. B. Gasser, and B. L. Webster. "Advancing the multi-disciplinarity of parasitology within the British Society for Parasitology: studies of host–parasite evolution in an ever-changing world." Parasitology 145, no. 13 (2018): 1641–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182018001476.
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AbstractThe study of parasites typically crosses into other research disciplines and spans across diverse scales, from molecular- to populational-levels, notwithstanding promoting an understanding of parasites set within evolutionary time. Today, the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) help frame much of contemporary parasitological research, since parasites can be found in all ecosystems, blighting human, animal and plant health. In recognition of the multi-disciplinary nature of parasitological research, the 2017 Autumn Symposium of the British Society for Parasitology was held in London to provide a forum for novel exchange across medical, veterinary and wildlife fields of study. Whilst the meeting was devoted to the topic of parasitism, it sought to foster mutualism, the antithesis perhaps of parasitism, by forging new academic connections and social networks to exchange novel ideas. The meeting also celebrated the longstanding career of Professor David Rollinson, FLS in the award of the International Federation for Tropical Medicine Medal for his efforts spanning 40 years of parasitological research. Indeed, David has done so much to explore and promote the fascinating biology of parasitism, as exemplified by the 15 manuscripts contained within this Special Issue.
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Наумова, A. Naumova, Наумова, and A. Naumova. "Parasitological monitoring of fish farm factories." Russian Journal of Parasitology 3, no. 1 (2016): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/18361.
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Objective of research: to perform the parasitological monitoring we have to study the
 parasite fauna in fishes from different fish farm factories, calculate the index of similarity, estimate
 the influence of abiotic and biotic factors on the ecosystem of fish-breeding reservoirs.
 Materials and methods: parasitological monitoring of factory fish farms was conducted by
 the method of complete and incomplete parasitological examination taking into account the data
 obtained from various fish-breeding reservoirs.
 Results and discussion: the parasite fauna of cyprinid fishes is represented by 56 species,
 carriage of causative agents of parasitic diseases in fishes is detected. Index of similarity of
 parasite fauna in carps has been studied and typification of agricultural reservoirs carried out.
 Index of similarity between the parasite fauna in carp and herbivorous fish was 22–33 %, carp
 and rough fish - 18–30,7 %.
 Influence of abiotic (oxidability, reduction of oxygen and nitrogen ammonia concentration,
 mineralization) and biotic – anthropogenic factors (violation of processing technologies, veterinary
 and sanitary rules of fish transport and fish farming operations) on fish infestation with parasites was studied.
 The role of parasitological monitoring in prevention and elimination of fish diseases was shown.
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REED, CECILE C. "A review of parasite studies of commercially important marine fishes in sub-Saharan Africa." Parasitology 142, no. 1 (2014): 109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182014000390.
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SUMMARYScattered records of parasitic species infecting commercially important marine fishes in sub-Saharan Africa are known from just a few countries where concerted efforts have been made by local parasitologists (e.g. Senegal, Nigeria, South Africa). Most of these consist of taxonomic records or general surveys of parasite faunas associated with marine hosts, which may or may not have been of commercial value. Little to no multi-disciplinary research is conducted in most parts of sub-Saharan Africa and hence parasitological data are not commonly used to advise fisheries management procedures. This review summarizes current knowledge on all parasitological research associated with commercially important marine fish species in sub-Saharan Africa.
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AIVELO, TUOMAS, and ALAN MEDLAR. "Opportunities and challenges in metabarcoding approaches for helminth community identification in wild mammals." Parasitology 145, no. 5 (2017): 608–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182017000610.
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SUMMARYDespite metabarcoding being widely used to analyse bacterial community composition, its application in parasitological research remains limited. What interest there has been has focused on previously intractable research settings where traditional methods are inappropriate, for example, in longitudinal studies and studies involving endangered species. In settings such as these, non-invasive sampling combined with metabarcoding can provide a fast and accurate assessment of component communities. In this paper we review the use of metabarcoding in the study of helminth communities in wild mammals, outlining the necessary procedures from sample collection to statistical analysis. We highlight the limitations of the metabarcoding approach and speculate on what type of parasitological study would benefit from such methods in the future.
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Danilova, I. S. "Parasitological studies of snails of different regions Ukraine." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 21, no. 95 (2019): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet9506.
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Dandelion (Gastropoda) is a numerical class of molluscs (about 130 thousand species), which representatives live in seas, salted and freshwater basins, and in wetlands on land. Clams in natural conditions are often infected with larvae of trematodes and some species of nematodes. Locus of localization of larvae is mostly hepatopancreas. Snails are no exception, they can also get sick, as a result, they become sluggish, refuse to eat, begin to allocate too thick mucus and so on. They can be infected: mites, parasites, nematodes, trematodes, bacteria, fungi. Parasites in snails may appear in several ways, namely: transferring from the soil or through entering new pupils who have not undergone quarantine. The consequences may be the most dangerous: contamination of the whole soil, mollusc diseases, human infection. Signs of infection are: lethargy, lack of appetite, slow growth, visual detection. The purpose of this work was to conduct a life-long and post-mortem diagnosis of helminthiasis of snails from different regions of Ukraine. The research was carried out on the snails of the species Helix pomatia from different regions of Ukraine, as well as on the Helix aspersa maxima and Helix aspersa muller artificial populations. From laboratory methods of diagnosis used coproscopic studies (research of faecal samples) of snails. For this purpose, a track of fecal snails was used, which was investigated by 3 methods – deposition method, expulsion method and compressor method. It was found that in samples 1 and 2, eggs and larvae were not detected, and in samples 3, 4 and 5, that is, in the snails of the natural population, nematodose was observed, as well as fungi were detected. This indicates that the external environment plays an important role in the cycle of nematode development. And this is regulated by factors such as temperature and humidity. In the conditions of the farm, these factors, as well as the possibility of skipping eggs or larvae, can be regulated through preventive measures: regulating the density of snails, using special soil, pasture, feed, water, and limiting contact with other snails and animals altogether. These factors are not at all possible in the snails of the natural population, therefore, in our opinion, samples of snails 3, 4 and 5 were more susceptible to nematodosis and infection with mushrooms than snails in samples 1 and 2. The prospect of our further research will be the histological study of hepatopancreas for nematodoznoy invasion.
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Tonoeva, N. Ch, E. A. Udaltsov, and E. A. Efremova. "Sanitary-parasitological status of Lena river within the city Yakutsk." Russian Journal of Parasitology 12, no. 2 (2018): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/1998-8435-2018-12-2-38-45.
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The purpose of the research: to evaluate the sanitary-parasitological status of urban waste water and the effectiveness of its disinvasion at the station of biological elimination of Yakutsk. Materials and methods. Taking of water samples and their sanitary-parasitological research have run in compliance to generally accepted in parasitology methods and confirmed statutory documents. For evaluation of the epidemical situation on tapeworm disease morbidity parameters were used, long-time average annual morbidity parameter. Results and discussion. Evaluation of parasitological pollution of sewer waste water in Yakutsk has shown that in water samples taken before clean-up as well as dregs from degritter ascaride and difillobotriida eggs were registered in 100 % cases. Ascaride and difillobotriida eggs were educed after mechanical treatment and in dregs from n-filter in 100% and 80% respectively, and also after repeated mechanical treatment and bio-treatment of water by active sludge in 33% and 17% specimens respectively. Sound eggs of ascariasis and diphyllobothriasis germs were founded in 18% and 9% water specimens respectively post-run ultraviolet irradiation. Eggs of enterobiasis germ were founded in 17% specimens of waste water. Mechanical treatment and bio-treatment cut a share of positive specimen to 8%. Seat worm’s eggs haven’t found in water samples after ultraviolet irradiation of drains. During all period of research taeniidae’s hexacanths and whipworm’s eggs haven’t found. Disinvasion methods, applied at sewage treatment facilities of Yakutsk, don’t guarantee the germs eradication of parasitic disease and don’t warrant epidemiological water safety as for ascaride and difillobotriida germs. Public utility drains, polluted by propagative forms of bio- and soil-transmitted helminth, are among of factors conditioning negative sanitary-parasitological situation of Lena river, having detrimental effect on ecological and epidemiological situation upon parasitic disease in the region.
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Shin, Jyh-Wei, Jia-Xu Chen, Dong-Hui Zhang, Wei-Chen Lin, Bo Shen, and Min-Jun Ji. "Cross-strait parasitological research priorities arrived at by historical tracking and advanced dialogue." Infectious Diseases of Poverty 3, no. 1 (2014): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2049-9957-3-40.
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Reinhard, Karl J. "Parasitology as an Interpretive Tool in Archaeology." American Antiquity 57, no. 2 (1992): 231–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/280729.
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Parasitological studies of archaeological sites can be used to interpret past behavior and living conditions. During the 1980s problem-oriented research into prehistoric- and historical-period parasitism developed and resulted in the field of archaeoparasitology. Archaeoparasitology attempts to integrate parasite data into archaeological theory and interpretation. Within the last decade, four major archaeoparasitological laboratories emerged. They developed interpretive frameworks that apply parasitological data to a remarkable variety of prehistoric behaviors. Parasite remains can be used to reconstruct aspects of diet, health, and other behaviors such as transhumance and trade. Finally, analysis of the distribution of parasite remains can be used to interpret aspects of site-formation processes.
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Irdeeva, V. A., R. S. Arakelyan, M. V. Bogdanyants, E. A. Stepanenko, G. L. Shendo, and T. M. Deeva. "SANITARY AND PARASITOLOGICAL CONDITION OF THE SOIL OF ASTRAKHAN REGION FOR PERIOD OF 2014–2020 YEARS." Journal of Volgograd State Medical University 75, no. 3 (2020): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.19163/1994-9480-2020-3(75)-145-150.
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The authors analyzed the sanitary and parasitological state of the soil of the Astrakhan region for 2014 – 6 months of 2020, using the materials of their own laboratory research and research of the center for hygiene and epidemiology in the Astrakhan region. In total, during the analyzed period, 8 144 soil samples were studied, and 16 288 studies were performed. The total number of samples that did not meet the sanitary and parasitological indicators was 6,7 %. Thus, in 2014, 16,7 % of soil samples (n = 1368) were examined for sanitar-parasitological indicators, of which 5,0 % of samples did not meet the standards. In 2015, soil studies were also conducted – 12,2 %, of which 6,4 % were unsatisfactory. Thus, in 2016, 15,1 % of soil samples were examined, of which 9,3 % were unsatisfactory. In 2017, 13,4 % of soil samples were examined, of which 7,4 % were unsatisfactory. In 2018, studies of soil samples for parasitic indicators amounted to 16,8 %, of which 7,4 % were unsatisfactory. In 2019 17,5 % of soil samples were examined – the largest number of samples studied compared to previous years. 6,5 % of the samples did not meet the standard indicators. For 6 months of 2020, 8,3 % of soil samples were examined, of which 4,2 % did not meet the sanitary and parasitological indicators. Thus, the sanitaryparasitological state of the soil in recent years continues to be relatively unfavorable, as evidenced by positive findings in the form of larvae and eggs of helminths, as well as in the form of cysts of pathogenic intestinal protozoa. The presence of Strongylid larvae and Toxocar eggs in the soil indicates contamination of this object with the feces of invasive animals (cats and/or dogs). And the presence of unfertilized Ascaris and blastocysts eggs indicates contamination of this object with the feces of infected people, or there was an accident and a break in the sewer network at this object.
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Klabukov and Sivkova. "OPTIMISATION OF PARASITOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION METHOD OF ARCHEOLOGICAL MATERIALS." THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL, no. 22 (May 19, 2021): 234–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6046256-1-3.2021.22.234-239.
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Recently, interest in paleoparasitology and archaeoparasitology has significantly increased all over the world, which served as the basis for the development of an international protocol for special parasitological studies, which needs to be tested and adapted for each specific case. In this work, we conducted a paleoparasitological study of 29 samples obtained during the excavations of the city of Mangazeya (north of Western Siberia) using the modified method of Beltrame M.O. et al. In the course of the analysis, 1977 slides with sediment were examined and more than 87 thousand helminth eggs were found. It was established that the prevalence of the infection was 89.66%, the average intensity of the infection was 3349.38, and the abundance index was 103.55. The presence of 9 species of parasites was determined, with eggs of some of them found in a very few number, including 4 species that were not found earlier on this site. Statistical processing demonstrated the relationship between the number of slides examined and the number of helminth eggs found, while the Spearman correlation coefficient was 0.658 with a significance value of <0.05. Comparison of the parasitological research methods of archaeological finds showed that the use of the method of analysis we chose demonstrates more reliable results and allows us to detect parasite eggs in the sample in an insignificant amount.
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Hofstatter, Paulo Gonzalez, and Ana Maria Aparecida Guaraldo. "Parasitological survey on birds at some selected brazilian zoos." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 24, no. 1 (2015): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612015005.
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A parasitological survey was conducted at some zoos in the states of São Paulo and Paraná, Brazil, from 2009 to 2011. Several groups of birds were surveyed for fecal samples, but the most important was Psittacidae. Among the parasites, Eimeria (coccidian) and Capillaria, Ascaridia and Heterakis (nematodes) were observed in almost one third of the samples. Presence of a rich parasite fauna associated with captive birds seems to be an effect of captivity, since data on free-ranging birds indicate few or virtually no parasites at all. The discovery of new coccidian species during this survey reveals the need of more research on the subject as even well-known bird species have unknown parasites, but caution must be exercised in order to avoid descriptions of pseudoparasites.
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Hien, Aristide S., Ibrahim Sangaré, Sanata Coulibaly, et al. "Parasitological Indices of Malaria Transmission in Children under Fifteen Years in Two Ecoepidemiological Zones in Southwestern Burkina Faso." Journal of Tropical Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1507829.
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Twenty years after the latest publications performed on the parasitological indices of malaria transmission in northwest of the second city of Burkina Faso, it was important to update the epidemiological profile of malaria in children under the age of 15 years. The objective of this study was to determine and compare the parasitological parameters of malaria transmission by season, area, and age in the two zones (rice and savanna) in the northwest of Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. Overall, the results showed that there was no significant difference in the parasitological indices of malaria transmission within children under fifteen years between the rice site and the savannah site and whatever the season (P>0.05). The profound environmental modifications that occurred in the rice zone would have led to changes in vector behavior and consequently to changes in the epidemiological profile of malaria, contrary to the results obtained since the last publications. An entomological study correlated with this study is therefore necessary for effective decision-making for the malaria control in both areas. Future research must now focus on the impact that these profound environmental modifications of rice area are having on malaria control in Burkina Faso.
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Silva, Mayara Nobrega Gomes da, Deyverson Thiago Prates Pereira, Maria Ligia de Arruda Mistieri, and Irina Lubeck. "Parasitological analysis of synovial fluid from dogs naturally infected with Leishmania sp." Ciência Rural 44, no. 7 (2014): 1236–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20130965.
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The aim of this study was to verify the feasibility of synovial fluid (SF) analysis for the parasitological diagnosis of leishmaniasis in naturally infected dogs. Aseptic arthrocentesis of the tarsal and carpal joints of 40 infected dogs (158 Leishmania sp samples) was conducted after euthanasia. The SF smears were evaluated under optic microscopy and amastigotes were detected in the SF of 35 dogs (87.5%). Of the 93 positive samples, 53% were obtained from the tarsal joints, and 47% were obtained from the carpal joints. Amastigote forms were confirmed in one (17%), two (26%), three (31%) or all four investigated joints (26%). This research highlights the feasibility and high sensitivity of SF evaluation for the parasitological diagnosis of leishmaniasis in symptomatic dogs.
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Irdeeva, Viktoria A., Svetlana A. Shemetova, Rudolf S. Arakelyuan, Gennadyi L. Shendo, and Nina V. Polyanskaya. "Parasitic contamination of soil in astrakhan region. analysis of work in 2010–2019." Perm Medical Journal 38, no. 2 (2021): 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/pmj382126-132.
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Objective. We studied the contamination of the soil with helminth-protozoan infestations in Astrakhan region for 20102019.
 Materials and methods. The research work was carried out in the Laboratory of Bacteriological and Parasitological Research of the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Astrakhan Region in 20102019. A total of 10 692 soil samples were examined, and 11 384 studies were performed. The number of samples, which did not meet the sanitary and parasitological indicators was 7.0 % (753 samples). Eggs and larvae of helminths, as well as cysts of pathogenic intestinal protozoa were found in these samples.
 Results. During the analyzed period, 86 491 samples of sanitary and parasitological studies were selected and examined in the Astrakhan region, of which 93.6 % (80 962 samples) were samples taken from various environmental objects (water, soil, manure, flushes from solid household surfaces). The total share of soil samples in the structure of all studies of environmental objects was 13.2 % (10 692 samples).
 Conclusions. Parasitic contamination of the soil remains tense, as evidenced by positive findings in the form of eggs and larvae of helminths, as well as cysts of pathogenic intestinal protozoa. The presence of toxocara eggs and strongylid larvae in the soil indicates contamination of this object with the feces of infected animals. The presence of eggs of ascarids, opisthorchis, pygmy tapeworm and cysts of dysentery amoeba in the soil may indicate that this object is contaminated with the feces of persons with parasitic infestation, or about accidents on the sewer network and underflooding of soil sampling sites.
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Kuznetsova, Kamalya Yu, M. M. Aslanova, O. V. Gritsuk, Zh V. Zhnakina, and M. A. Kuznetsova. "COMPARATIVE DATA OF THE PERFORMANCE OF THE APPROVED METHOD AND ITS MODIFICATION FOR THE PARASITOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE SOIL FOR THE AVAILABILITY OF HELMINTH EGGS." Hygiene and sanitation 96, no. 11 (2019): 1119–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-11-1119-1120.
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There are comparative results of sanitary-parasitological studies of the soil in parallel test versions with the use of approved method (Romanenko, 1991.) and its modifications. There were obtained data confirming the decline in the efficiency of sanitary and parasitological research method of the soil (Romanenko, 1991) at the stage of repeated washing of the sample to 59%, the use of non-standardized procedures and aggravation of the technique due to the use of non-standard laboratory products. The efficiency of the soil examination for helminth eggs during the technical modification of the approved method (Romanenko, 1991) accounted of 65%. Modification of the individual procedures of a course of studies of the soil reduces the time costs of their performance, the excessive consumption of reagents, provides standardization of the number of studies from the same soil samples.
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Tverdokhlebova, T. I., L. L. Dimidova, I. V. Khutoryanina, et al. "Sanitary and parasitological monitoring of environmental objects in the Rostov region." Medical Herald of the South of Russia 11, no. 3 (2020): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21886/2219-8075-2020-11-3-79-83.
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Objective: to study the sanitary condition of various environmental objects of the Rostov region and the degree of their contamination.Materials and methods: in the period from 2015 to 2019, more than 5600 sanitary and parasitological studies of environmental objects of the Rostov region were performed on the basis of the Rostov Research Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology: waste water and its precipitation, soil, water of open surface reservoirs. The work was carried out in accordance with the accepted normative documents.Results: it was found that 33.4 % of all tested samples were positive, and 1.4% of the samples contained viable eggs of various pathogens of helminthiasis and did not meet the requirements of regulatory documents.Conclusions: the results of the study indicate that the environmental objects of the Rostov region are polluted with parasitic pathogens and their unsatisfactory sanitary and parasitological condition.
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Khutoryanina, Chernikova, Dimidova, and Tverdokhlebova. "RESULTS OF MONITORING FOR TOXOCAROSIS IN THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA." THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL, no. 22 (May 19, 2021): 537–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-6046256-1-3.2021.22.537-544.
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Toxocariasis is a widespread socially significant zoonotic helminthiasis. Infestation with human toxocariasis occurs through the ingestion of infected Toxocara eggs, which mainly accumulate in the soil. The aim of our study was long-term sanitaryparasitological and immunological observations of toxocariasis in a number of territories in southern Russia. For sanitary and parasitological analysis of soil from 2002 to 2019 in the territory of the Rostov region and the Republic of Adygea, 1664 samples were taken and examined. Determination of indicators of contamination of soil samples with eggs of helminths and invasiveness of Toxocara spp. carried out using the methods outlined in 4.2.2661-10 "Methods of sanitary and parasitological research". During the same period of time, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of 6831 blood serum of a conventionally healthy population of the Rostov region and the Republic of Adygea was carried out using the diagnostic test systems "Toksokara-IgG-IFA-BEST". According to the results of ELISA, high seroprevalence values were obtained, indicating the frequency of contact of the population with the causative agent of toxocariasis and indicating a possibly higher incidence rate than the officially registered one. The results of the conducted sanitary and parasitological studies, which showed a consistently high degree of contamination of the soils of the studied territories of southern Russia, indicate the continuing risk of infection of the population and animals with toxocariasis.
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Mendes, Newton César de Lima, Isabelle Cavalcante Martins, Ana Gabrielle de Barros Lessa, et al. "Análises dos indicadores físico-químicos, microbiológicos e parasitológicos de contaminação ambiental em amostras de água da Lagoa Mundaú-AL." Revista Principia - Divulgação Científica e Tecnológica do IFPB 1, no. 50 (2020): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.18265/1517-03062015v1n50p120-129.
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<p>The objective of this work was to analyze the physicochemical properties (pH, temperature, ammonia, nitrate and dissolved oxygen) and microbiological and parasitological analyises in water samples from Mundaú Lagoon. All analyses were performed in the Research laboratory of the Centro Universitário Cesmac and the Central Analytical Laboratory Alagoas Ltda, through classical equipment and alternative kits. The following results were observed in relation to the physicochemical parameters analyzed: pH: 7.29±0.395, ammonia 12.22±1.74 mg/L, nitrite 0.0105±0.001 mg/L, nitrate 0.199±0.092 mg/L and dissolved oxygen (OD) 5.136±1.031 mg/L. The microbiological analyses of water quality of Mundaú lagoon presented worrying and unsatisfactory results regarding recreational water practice, considering that in all samples (100%) the presence of total coliforms and Escherichia coli were obtained. Parasitological analysis did not reveal the presence of any parasites of medical importance.</p>
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Parreira, A. G., J. J. N. Melo, R. A. Almeida, and T. Filippis. "Bacterial species and forms of resistance of intestinal parasites found in collectives of the city of Divinópolis - MG." Scientific Electronic Archives 12, no. 1 (2019): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.36560/1212019614.
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Public transportation buses are places of intense movement of people, which may constitute important dispersal vehicles of microorganisms and parasites. In such context, this paper sought to assess the microbial and parasitological diversity inside urban and periurban buses that run four routes in Divinópolis MG. For the microbial study, 80 sample collections were made by using a sterile swab containing Stuart transport medium and were taken to the Microbiology Laboratory of the UEMG – Divinópolis MG, in order to perform the laboratorial tests. For search about eggs and cysts of intestinal parasites, 80 samples were collected, out of which 40 were collected by using the Graham method, and 40 were collected by using swab. Two smears of each sample were analyzed. In the microbial research, 1097 CFU mL-1 of heterotrophic bacteria were analyzed. Through mass spectrometry eleven potentially pathogenic species of bacteria were identified out of which seven were identified as antibiotics-resistant. In the parasitological analysis through the Graham method a probable cyst of Blastocystis hominis and an egg similar to those of Hymenolepis sp. were identified. Through the use of swab four eggs similar to those of Ascaris sp. and a probable cyst of B.hominis were also identified. The bacterial and parasitological prevalence was higher on buses that run in hospital and periurban areas. Based on results obtained it was possible to outline a profile until then unknown of the bacteria and parasites present in some of the main public transportation routes of Divinópolis MG.
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Blasco-Costa, I., and R. Poulin. "Parasite life-cycle studies: a plea to resurrect an old parasitological tradition." Journal of Helminthology 91, no. 6 (2017): 647–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x16000924.
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AbstractMany helminth taxa have complex life cycles, involving different life stages infecting different host species in a particular order to complete a single generation. Although the broad outlines of these cycles are known for any higher taxon, the details (morphology and biology of juvenile stages, specific identity of intermediate hosts) are generally unknown for particular species. In this review, we first provide quantitative evidence that although new helminth species are described annually at an increasing rate, the parallel effort to elucidate life cycles has become disproportionately smaller over time. We then review the use of morphological matching, experimental infections and genetic matching as approaches to elucidate helminth life cycles. Next we discuss the various research areas or disciplines that could benefit from a solid knowledge of particular life cycles, including integrative taxonomy, the study of parasite evolution, food-web ecology, and the management and control of parasitic diseases. Finally, we end by proposing changes to the requirements for new species descriptions and further large-scale attempts to genetically match adult and juvenile helminth stages in regional faunas, as part of a plea to parasitologists to bring parasite life-cycle studies back into mainstream research.
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Maguire, Brittany J., Prabin Dahal, Sumayyah Rashan, et al. "The Chagas disease study landscape: A systematic review of clinical and observational antiparasitic treatment studies to assess the potential for establishing an individual participant-level data platform." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 8 (2021): e0009697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009697.
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Background Chagas disease (CD), caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, affects ~6–7 million people worldwide. Significant limitations still exist in our understanding of CD. Harnessing individual participant data (IPD) from studies could support more in-depth analyses to address the many outstanding research questions. This systematic review aims to describe the characteristics and treatment practices of clinical studies in CD and assess the breadth and availability of research data for the potential establishment of a data-sharing platform. Methodology/Principal findings This review includes prospective CD clinical studies published after 1997 with patients receiving a trypanocidal treatment. The following electronic databases and clinical trial registry platforms were searched: Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, LILACS, Scielo, Clintrials.gov, and WHO ICTRP. Of the 11,966 unique citations screened, 109 (0.9%) studies (31 observational and 78 interventional) representing 23,116 patients were included. Diagnosis for patient enrolment required 1 positive test result in 5 (4.6%) studies (2 used molecular method, 1 used molecular and serology, 2 used serology and parasitological methods), 2 in 60 (55.0%), 3 in 14 (12.8%) and 4 or more in 4 (3.7%) studies. A description of treatment regimen was available for 19,199 (83.1%) patients, of whom 14,605 (76.1%) received an active treatment and 4,594 (23.9%) were assigned to a placebo/no-treatment. Of the 14,605 patients who received an active treatment, benznidazole was administered in 12,467 (85.4%), nifurtimox in 825 (5.6%), itraconazole in 284 (1.9%), allopurinol in 251 (1.7%) and other drugs in 286 (1.9%). Assessment of efficacy varied largely and was based primarily on biological outcome; parasitological efficacy relied on serology in 67/85 (78.8%) studies, molecular methods in 52/85 (61.2%), parasitological in 34/85 (40.0%), microscopy in 3/85 (3.5%) and immunohistochemistry in 1/85 (1.2%). The median time at which parasitological assessment was carried out was 79 days [interquartile range (IQR): 30–180] for the first assessment, 180 days [IQR: 60–500] for second, and 270 days [IQR: 18–545] for the third assessment. Conclusions/Significance This review demonstrates the heterogeneity of clinical practice in CD treatment and in the conduct of clinical studies. The sheer volume of potential IPD identified demonstrates the potential for development of an IPD platform for CD and that such efforts would enable in-depth analyses to optimise the limited pharmacopoeia of CD and inform prospective data collection.
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TIYO, Rogerio, Carla Zangari de SOUZA, Letícia NISHI, Camila Fernanda BRUSTOLIN, Bianca Altrão RATTI, and Ana Lucia FALAVIGNA GUILHERME. "WATER FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES USED FOR THE IRRIGATION OF VEGETABLES TO BE MARKETED: RESEARCH ON Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia spp., AND COLIFORMS IN PARANA, BRAZIL." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 57, no. 4 (2015): 333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652015000400010.
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SUMMARY The aim of this work was to compare, from a parasitological ( Cryptosporidiumspp. and Giardia duodenalis), bacteriological (total and thermotolerants coliforms) and physicochemical perspective, water sources used for drinking and irrigation of vegetables intended to be sold for human consumption. From January 2010 to May 2011, samples of different water sources from vegetable producing properties were collected; 100 liters for parasitological analysis, 200 mL for bacteriological analysis, and five liters for physicochemical analysis. Water samples were filtered under vacuum with a kit containing a cellulose acetate membrane filter, 1.2 µm (Millipore(r), Barueri, SP, Brazil). The material retained on the membrane was mechanically extracted and analyzed by direct immunofluorescence (Merifluor(r)kit). From 20 rural properties investigated, 10 had artesian wells (40 samples), 10 had common wells (40 samples), and one had a mine (four samples), the latter contaminated by Cryptosporidiumspp. In samples from artesian wells, 90 to 130 meters depth, 42.5% were positive for total coliforms and 5.0% were identified to have abnormal coloration. From the samples of common wells, 14 to 37 meters depth, 87.5% were contaminated with total coliforms, 82.5% were positive for thermotolerant coliforms, and 12.5% had color abnormalities. We did not detect the presence of Giardiaspp. or Cryptosporidiumspp. in artesian and common wells. The use of artesian or common wells is an important step in the control of the spreading of zoonoses, particularly Cryptosporidiumspp. and Giardiaspp., as well as artesian wells for coliform control in local production of vegetables to be marketed.
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Prodanov Radulović, Jasna, Radoslav Došen, Ivan Pušić, Dušan Orlić, Igor Stojanov, and Gojko Radulović. "PNEUMONIA VERMINOSA OF WILD BOARS." Archives of Veterinary Medicine 3, no. 2 (2010): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.46784/e-avm.v3i2.199.
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In our country a certain number of wild boars is controlled and reared on enclosed hunting ground, while a number of free-ranging population is mainly unknown. The control of health status of wild boar population is quite demanding and it is not easy to achieve. Also, often is not possible entirely to perform a complete diagnostic examination in wild boars in each evaluated case. The aim of this research was to evaluate the clinical signs and pathomorphological changes in the suspicious cases on the occurrence of the verminous pneumonia in wild boars. The material for this research included three hunting grounds in Vojvodina, where clinical signs of health disorders and dead of young categories of wild hoags were recorded. The following research methods were applied: epidemiological, clinical and pathological examination of dead wild boars, hystological examination of the lung tissue samples and parasitologial examination. In all examined cases, macropathogical examination revealed changes dominantly in the respiratory tract. By pathohystological and parasitological examination the presence of lung worms in the trachea, bronchi and in posteroventral parts of the diaphragmatic lung lobes were detected (Pneumonia verminosa). In conslusion, the achieved results strongly suggest that Metastrongylus sp. represent economically important helmintosis of wild boars in our climatic conditions. Discovered parasitic infestations in the evaluated wild boars are economically significant because of retardation in the growth and weigh gain, and may be the cause of dead or discarding the meat in the case of cachexia, hydremia.
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Silva, Márcia R. M. da, Cibele N. S. Uyhara, Flavio H. Silva, et al. "Cysticercosis in experimentally and naturally infected pigs: parasitological and immunological diagnosis." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32, no. 4 (2012): 297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2012000400005.
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Our objective was to evaluate the diagnosis of swine cysticercosis by examining "ante mortem" (inspection of the tongue), "post mortem" (inspection and detailed necropsy) and ELISA for research in serum of antibodies (Ab-ELISA) and antigens (Ag-ELISA). Seven (7) pigs were experimentally infected orally with eggs of Taenia solium and another 10 were naturally infected. In the pigs experimentally infected, inspection of the tongue was negative in all animals, in the routine inspection detailed necropsy and cysticercis were identified in all of them. In pigs with heavy natural infection, inspection of the tongue identified cysticerci in two (20%), while at inspection with necropsy the parasites were identified in large quantities in all animals. In ELISA for antibody search (Ab-ELISA) TS-14 recombinant protein was used, and in search for antigen (Ag-ELISA) a monoclonal antibody against this protein. In animals experimentally infected, blood was collected weekly for 140 days. The Ab-ELISA identified an increase in titers of antibody to cysticerci 21 days after infection, and at the end of the experimental period six animals (86%) were positive to the test. The search for circulating antigens (Ag-ELISA) was positive in two pigs 28 to 91 days after infection. All naturally infected pigs were positive for Ag-ELISA and Ab-ELISA. The search for antibodies and antigens by ELISA in serum from 30 pigs of a local farm and without history of cysticercosis was negative. Thus, the use of TS-14 antigen in ELISA test (Ab-ELISA) can be useful for the diagnosis of cysticercosis in pigs with low infection.
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Elizarov and Malysheva. "STUDY OF CONTAMINATION OF NATURAL AREAS OF THE CENTRAL BLACK EARTH REGION BY EGGS OF CESTODE S. ERINACEIEUROPAEI." THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL, no. 21 (May 29, 2020): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-9902341-5-4.2020.21.97-100.
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During 2019, we conducted research at the premises of the Kursk State University, on the natural territories of the Central Black Earth Region contaminated by eggs of cestode S. erinaceieuropaei. 2503 samples were studied in the Kursk, Belgorod, Voronezh, Lipetsk and Tambov Regions, of which 927 were flood and storm drains, 931 were soil from the habitats of definitive hosts, and 645 were samples of bottom sediments. Water sampling was carried out by a hydrobiological sampler-concentrator "ProboKonG" and was investigated in accordance with Methodical Instructions 4.2.1884-04 "Sanitary-microbiological and sanitary-parasitological analysis of water of surface water bodies". Analysis of soil samples and bottom sediments was performed according to Methodical Instructions 4.2.2661-10 "Methods for sanitary and parasitological research" by the method proposed by N.A. Romanenko. In the Kursk and Tambov Regions, the intensity of water contamination with the invasive material after rain was 5.9% and 6.5%, and the intensity was 4.7±0.4 and 6.6±1.1 specimens, respectively. The greatest rates of soil contamination intensity are as follows: the contamination intensity after rain was 14.5% in the Kursk Region, 10.2% in the Voronezh Region, and 14.5% in the Tambov Region. An average of 3 objects of the invasive material were found in 1 kg of bottom sediments in the Konyshevsky District of the Kursk Region.
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Potkonjak, Aleksandar, and Marina Zekic-Stosic. "Tick-borne infections of dogs in Serbia: A review of research." Veterinarski glasnik 74, no. 2 (2020): 107–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl201103014p.
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Increased prevalence of tick-borne disease in humans and animals is an important public health issue. Dogs can be clinically ill, reservoirs of tick-borne pathogens, or sentinel populations for research. Certainly, small-scale research has been conducted in dogs and this review will focus on the recent studies of emergent and re-emergent tick-borne pathogens in dogs in Serbia. Babesiosis stands out as the most common and important tick-borne disease in dogs. In addition to this pathogen, the presence of Hepatozoon canis and ?Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum? in the blood of dogs was proved using molecular methods. Seroreactivity in dogs has been proven for Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) complex, Ehrlichia canis, Ehrlichia ewingii, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Anaplasma platys, Rickettsia conorii, and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). The presence of B. burgdorferi s.l. complex, A. phagocytophilum, Rickettsia spp. from the group of spotted fevers, and TBEV in ticks indicates the geographical distribution and potential for infecting humans, dogs, and other animals in Serbia. Further systematic, comprehensive, well designed, bacteriological, virological, parasitological, epidemiological, clinical (infectological), and acarological research is needed in Serbia.
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Panda, Animesh, Shiv Kumar Chandrakar, Smita Bawankar, and Dhruba Hari Chandi. "Etiology of bacterial and parasitological pediatric diarrhoea in a tertiary care hospital." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, no. 3 (2016): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v7i3.14070.
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Background : Before starting to discuss about Diarrhoea, we have to remember diarrhoea is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in children. Aims and Objectives : The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic and bacterial infections as cause of childhood diarrhoea. Materials and Methods : During the study period, a total of 116 stool samples were collected and processed. Examined grossly and microscopically for presence of ova/cyst. They were also cultured on MacConkey agar and E. coli isolated were identified by standard biochemical tests.Results : Out of 116 stools samples, Entamoeba histolytica (63.33%) and Giardia lamblia (23.33%) were more common parasitic cause diarrhoea among children by either ova or cyst. E.coli (74.13%) was common bacterial cause of diarrhoea among children. E. coli isolated in pure culture and sent for sero typing to Central Research Institute (CRI), Kasauli. Maximum percent were found to be pathogenic Escherichia coli i.e. EPEC 22.5%. Conclusion : According to the result, the most common cause of bacterial diarrhoea is E.coli. EPEC were more prevalent followed by EHEC. Thus, macroscopic and microscopic stool examinations as well as culture were important for finding out the course of diarrhoea in childhood.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol. 7(3) 2016 54-57
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Irdeeva, Viktoria Aleksandrovna, Rudolf Sergeevich Arakelyan, Gennadiy Leonidovich Shendo, Nina Vitalievna Polyanskaya, Tatyana Vasilievna Nikeshina, and Diana Andreevna Kravchenko. "Sanitary and parasitological state of environmental objects Astrakhan Region for 2010–2019." Sanitarnyj vrač (Sanitary Doctor), no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-08-2103-02.
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The article presents material on the sanitary and parasitological state of environmental objects of the Astrakhan region for 2010–2019 on the example of studying samples of soil, water, manure and flushes from solid household surfaces. A total of 80962 samples were collected and examined during the analyzed period. The number of samples that did not meet the standard indicators was 1.2 % (951 samples). The total share of soil samples in the structure of all studies of environmental objects was 13.2 % (10,692 samples). In addition to the soil, manure samples from farms were studied. In total, 0.04 % (33 samples) of manure were examined during the analyzed period, of which 24.2 % (8 samples) were positive findings in the form of Strongyloides stercoralis larvae. These manure samples were collected only in 2010. The share of water samples was 7.5 % (6033 samples). Also conducted research on samples of swabs taken from household hard surfaces. A total of 64,204 washout samples (79.3 %) were selected and examined, of which 0.02 % (12 samples) were positive. The result of this work were the results: sanitary-parasitological status of water and soil Astrakhan region remain strained, as evidenced by positive findings in the form of eggs and larvae of helminths and cysts of intestinal pathogenic protozoa.
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Awad, Simon, Izabella Rząd, and Przemysław Busse. "The Ringing Site In Jericho (Palestine) – Development Of Bird Migration And Parasitological Research On The Great Rift Valley Flyway." Ring 35, no. 1 (2014): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ring-2013-0003.
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ABSTRACT A new research project near Jericho in the Jordan Valley (Palestine) was launched on 10 September 2013, work continued until October 23rd 2013. Standard ornithological work and bird ringing work was conducted using mist nets situated in an oasis type habitat of Wadi Qelt surrounded by palm plantations. The field methods followed the SEEN (SE European Bird Migration Network) standards that include apart from ringing of captured birds, also several measurements (wing length, tail length, wing formula) and scores (fat load and body mass), as well as the studies on the directional preferences of migrants using round, flat orientation cages. Ornithological research was enhanced by parasitological studies analysing migratory birds (hosts) - helminths relations during migration period of the former. This was a part of complex studies covering the Middle East and north African ringing sites. Altogether 481 individuals of birds representing 59 species were ringed and about 50 were retrapped. The most interesting was relatively high share of Masked and Red-backed shrikes as well as good number of birds of local species as Dead Sea Sparrows and introduced Indian Silverbills.
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Ganzorig, Sumiya. "4 International cooperation in the parasitological research in Mongolia (What can parasitology and medical entomology contribute to international cooperation?)." Medical Entomology and Zoology 52, no. 2 (2001): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.7601/mez.52.139_4.
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Rubiano, Luisa, Neal D. E. Alexander, Ruth Mabel Castillo, et al. "Adaptation and performance of a mobile application for early detection of cutaneous leishmaniasis." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 2 (2021): e0008989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008989.
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Background Detection and management of neglected tropical diseases such as cutaneous leishmaniasis present unmet challenges stemming from their prevalence in remote, rural, resource constrained areas having limited access to health services. These challenges are frequently compounded by armed conflict or illicit extractive industries. The use of mobile health technologies has shown promise in such settings, yet data on outcomes in the field remain scarce. Methods We adapted a validated prediction rule for the presumptive diagnosis of CL to create a mobile application for use by community health volunteers. We used human-centered design practices and agile development for app iteration. We tested the application in three rural areas where cutaneous leishmaniasis is endemic and an urban setting where patients seek medical attention in the municipality of Tumaco, Colombia. The application was assessed for usability, sensitivity and inter-rater reliability (kappa) when used by community health volunteers (CHV), health workers and a general practitioner, study physician. Results The application was readily used and understood. Among 122 screened cases with cutaneous ulcers, sensitivity to detect parasitologically proven CL was >95%. The proportion of participants with parasitologically confirmed CL was high (88%), precluding evaluation of specificity, and driving a high level of crude agreement between the app and parasitological diagnosis. The chance-adjusted agreement (kappa) varied across the components of the risk score. Time to diagnosis was reduced significantly, from 8 to 4 weeks on average when CHV conducted active case detection using the application, compared to passive case detection by health facility-based personnel. Conclusions Translating a validated prediction rule to a mHealth technology has shown the potential to improve the capacity of community health workers and healthcare personnel to provide opportune care, and access to health services for underserved populations. These findings support the use of mHealth tools for NTD research and healthcare.
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Gilioli, R., L. A. G. Andrade, L. A. C. Passos, F. A. Silva, D. M. Rodrigues, and A. M. A. Guaraldo. "Parasite survey in mouse and rat colonies of Brazilian laboratory animal houses kept under differents sanitary barrier conditions." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 52, no. 1 (2000): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-09352000000100009.
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A parasitological study was undertaken to determine the health status of 15 mouse and 10 rat colonies bred in 18 Brazilian laboratory animal houses maintained under different sanitary barrier conditions which supply animals for teaching, research purposes and manufacture of biological products for medical or veterinary use. Parasitological methods were used for diagnosis of mites, lices, helminthes and protozoan parasites. A questionnaire was answered by institutions with the intention to obtain information about the existence of barriers against infections and of regular sanitary monitoring program of their colonies. The questionnaire data show that the majority of the animal houses investigated do not possess an efficient sanitary barrier system able to keep animals under controlled health sanitary conditions. Ecto and endoparasite infections are widespread in the colonies and multiple infections were common in animals from most facilities investigated. The prevalences of parasites detected among the mouse and rat colonies of the laboratory animal houses investigated were: Myocoptes musculinus (46.6%), Myobia musculi (26.6%), Radfordia ensifera (13.3%), Syphacia obvelata (86.6%), Aspiculuris tetraptera (60.0%), Hymenolepis nana (53.3%), Spironucleus muris (80.0%), Tritrichomonas muris (80.0%), Giardia muris (66.0%), Entamoeba muris (20.0%), Eimeria sp. (13.3%), Hexamastix muris (26.6%), Poliplax spinulosa (30.0%), Poliplax serrata (10.0%), Radfordia ensifera (30.0%), Syphacia muris (80.0%), Hymenolepis nana (40.0%), Trichosomoides crassicauda (55.5%), Spironucleus muris (90.0%), Tritrichomonas muris (80.0%), Giardia muris (60.0%), Entamoeba muris (80.0%), Eimeria sp. (60.0%) and Hexamastix muris (60.0%).
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Ahmed, A. M., L. A. El Tash, E. Y. Mohamed, and I. Adam. "High levels of Schistosoma mansoni infections among schoolchildren in central Sudan one year after treatment with praziquantel." Journal of Helminthology 86, no. 2 (2011): 228–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x11000290.
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AbstractA longitudinal study was conducted to evaluate the impact of praziquantel (PZQ) for the treatment of Schistosoma mansoni infection among schoolchildren in Al Gunaid in Central Sudan. A cohort of schoolchildren (6–15 years of age) was investigated before and 1 year after treatment with a single dose of PZQ 40 mg/kg. Parasitological examinations for S. mansoni were performed before and after treatment, and prevalence and intensity of infection were analysed. Of 2741 schoolchildren recruited from six elementary schools at baseline, 2521 were successfully traced and re-examined at follow-up, with two complete sets of longitudinal parasitological data on S. mansoni. Boys showed significantly higher prevalence of S. mansoni infection than girls. A single dose of PZQ reduced the overall prevalence of S. mansoni infection by 36.7% (from 59.1 to 37.4%) and the intensity of infection by 41.1% (from 116.7 to 68.7 eggs per gram of stool) 1 year after treatment. The reduction in prevalence was significantly higher among the group of children with heavy infections (by 76.1%, from 6.7 to 1.6%) and among girls (by 54.1%, 42.3 to 19.4%) at 1 year after treatment. Thus, in spite of a significant reduction in the prevalence and intensity of S. mansoni infection 1 year after PZQ treatment, the prevalence of the disease was still high and further research is needed on this topic.
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Jerônimo, Gabriela Tomas, Natália da Costa Marchiori, Santiago Benites de Pádua, et al. "Trichodina colisae (Ciliophora: Trichodinidae): new parasite records for two freshwater fish species farmed in Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 21, no. 4 (2012): 366–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612012005000008.
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Family Trichodinidae comprises ciliate protozoa distributed worldwide; they are considered some of the main parasitological agents infecting cultivated fish. However, the trichodinidae parasitizing important fish species cultured in Brazil are unknown, and more taxonomic studies on this group of parasites are required. This research morphologically characterizes Trichodina colisae Asmat & Sultana, (2005) of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) and patinga hybrid (P. mesopotamicus × P. brachypomus) cultivated in the central and southeast regions of the country. Fresh assemblies were made from mucus scraped from the skin, fins and gills, fixed with methanol and, subsequently, impregnated with silver nitrate and stained with Giemsa for assessment under light microscopy. This research reports not only the second occurrence of T. colisae in the world, but also its first occurrence in South America.
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RINALDI, LAURA, and GIUSEPPE CRINGOLI. "Exploring the interface between diagnostics and maps of neglected parasitic diseases." Parasitology 141, no. 14 (2014): 1803–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182013002230.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARYAlthough not new, the ‘One Health’ concept is gaining progressively more importance in parasitology. Now more than ever, veterinary and human perspectives should be closely joined in diagnosis and surveillance of neglected parasitic diseases. We argue that concerted, standardized and harmonized diagnostic and surveillance strategies are needed for the control and/or elimination of animal and human neglected parasitic infections. A key challenge is to integrate parasitological data with available geospatial methods in an accessible and user-friendly framework. We discuss the capability of new diagnostic devices (e.g. Mini-FLOTAC) and geospatial technologies supported by mobile- and electronic-based approaches as one of the research priorities of the new millennium.
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Souza, Regina Maia de, and Vicente Amato Neto. "Discrepancies and consequences of indirect hemagglutination, indirect immunofluorescence and Elisa tests for the diagnosis of Chagas disease." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 54, no. 3 (2012): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652012000300005.
Full textAbstract:
Using the indirect hemagglutination (IH), indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests for the diagnosis of Chagas disease, 4000 serum samples were examined. This study was conducted with different purposes: clinical interest, research support and parasitological monitoring of those patients with Chagas disease who were treated with heart transplantations. The tests occurred without patient selection and in accordance with the medical requests. The results showed discrepancies and brought about several questions, considering the different results that all three methods showed when considered together. What was found brought about concerns and we suggest the adoption of different measures, aiming to avoid these mismatches in the context of this disease.
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Ballart, Cristina, Mary Cruz Torrico, Gisela Vidal, et al. "Clinical and immunological characteristics of tegumentary leishmaniasis cases in Bolivia." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 3 (2021): e0009223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009223.
Full textAbstract:
Background Tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) is a parasitic disease that can present a cutaneous or mucocutaneous clinical form (CL and MCL, respectively). The disease is caused by different Leishmania species and transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies. Bolivia has one of the highest incidences of the disease in South America and the diagnosis is done by parasitological techniques. Our aim was to describe the clinical and immunological characteristics of CL and MCL patients attending the leishmaniasis reference center in Cochabamba, Bolivia, in order to gain updated clinical and epidemiological information, to evaluate the diagnostic methods used and to identify biomarkers related to clinical disease and its evolution. Methodology/Principal findings The study was conducted from September 2014 to November 2015 and 135 patients with lesions compatible with CL or MCL were included. Epidemiological and clinical data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Two parasitological diagnostic methods were used: Giemsa-stained smears and culture of lesion aspirates. Blood samples obtained from participants were used to measure the concentrations of different cytokines. 59.2% (80/135) were leishmaniasis confirmed cases (CL: 71.3%; MCL: 28.7%). Sixty percent of the confirmed cases were positive by smears and 90.6% were positive by culture. 53.8% were primo-infections. Eotaxin and monokine induced by IFN-γ presented higher serum concentrations in the MCL clinical presentation compared to CL cases and no-cases. None of the cytokines presented different concentrations between primo-infections and secondary infections due to treatment failure. Conclusions/Significance In Bolivia, parasitological diagnosis remains the reference standard in diagnosis of leishmaniasis because of its high specificity, whereas the sensitivity varies over a wide range leading to loss of cases. Until more accurate tools are implemented, all patients should be tested by both smears and culture of lesion aspirates to minimize the risk of false negatives. Our results showed higher concentrations of several cytokines in MCL compared to CL, but no differences were observed between CL and no-cases. In addition, none of the cytokines differed between primary and secondary infections. These results highlight the need of further research to identify biomarkers of susceptibility and disease progression, in addition to looking at the local cellular immune responses in the lesions.
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DRIMTZIA, A., та E. PAPADOPOULOS. "Reduction rate of nematode egg counts and third-stage larvae development from sheep and goat faeces preserved at 4οC". Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 67, № 3 (2018): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15636.
Full textAbstract:
Gastrointestinal nematode parasites cause major production losses to small ruminants. The most common way to diagnose or monitor the worm burdens in sheep and goats remains the quantitative parasitological examinations, i.e. the faecal egg counts. However, the reliability of the results of such methods depends greatly on the conditions and duration of the storage of the faecal samples prior to examination. The aim of this research was to evaluate the reduction rate and the maximum storage period, without significant losses, of nematode egg counts and third-stage larvae development from sheep and goat faeces preserved at 4οC. Towards this end, a pooled faecal sample was formed by collecting faeces from naturally infected sheep and goats (separately). Faecal egg counts and coprocultures were performed on fresh faeces and on preserved ones every week and up to 119 days post sampling. It was concluded that the preservation at 4oC, i.e. into a refrigerator, of fresh faeces from sheep and goats for parasitological examinations poses danger of misdiagnosis, if not performed in a period not exceeding 3 weeks of time. The rate of reduction of the faecal nematode egg counts starts to be significant lower than the ones performed with fresh samples, for both sheep and goats, after the third week of storage. The percentage of the gastrointestinal nematode larvae developing to the infective third–stage alters significantly for the Haemonchus genus, soon after the first week of storage (p<0.05).