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1
Křížek, Stanislav. "Vliv bíle a žlutě kvetoucí řepky na výskyt přirozených nepřátel škůdců." Master's thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-259140.
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The insect society living in oilseed rape is large. Change of the crop characteristics affects both harmful species and beneficious ones. The latter group consists of a lot of members of order Hymenoptera. This work focuses on the evaluation of impact of white oilseed rape cultivation on the insect society in comparison with two yellow winter varieties. Newly bred winter oilseed rape line variety Witt was compared to two hybrid varieties of yellow rape; Sherpa and DK Sensei. The experiment was carried out in 2015 and its plots were placed at Ruzyně at Crop Reserach Institute (VÚRV, v. v. i.) and also at the Experimental Unit of Czech University of Life Sciences (ČZU) in Uhříněves. The insects were collected by sweeping net, soil larvae traps and soil emergence traps. The occurrence of serious pests (pollen beetle Brassicogethes aeneus, brassica pod midge Dasineura brassicae, cabbage seed weevil Ceutorhynchus obstrictus, stem flea beetle Psylliodes chrysocephalus and cabbage flea beetles Phyllotreta sp.) was recorded. Dominant parasitoid species were Tersilochus heterocerus, Platygaster subuliformis, Trichomalus perfectus, Mesopolobus morys and Omphale clypealis. The level of pest mortality was evaluated. Numbers of species identified by key were processed using generalized linear model method in R statistical software. The results confirm suitability of the assessed varieties in the white oilseed rape cultivation system, notably in the combination of Sherpa and Witt. They give an insight into parasitoid community of oilseed rape in Czech republic, which is useful for management of serious pest species.
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Žakaitė, Inga. "OŽKŲ VIRŠKINIMO TRAKTO PARAZITAI EKOLOGINIAME ŪKYJE." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140305_131611-95903.
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Siekiant nustatyti parazitų pasireiškimo sezoniškumą bei jų intensyvumo kitimą pagal meteorologines sąlygas atlikti tyrimai ekologiniame ožkų ūkyje. Be to buvo taikytas gydymas preparatais Ivomec PLUS ir Panacur granulėmis, jų efektyvumui įvertinti.<br>In order to determine the seasonal distribution intensity and variations of the meteorological conditions and infection intensity of parasites in organic goat farm. In addition, to determine efficiency of fenbendazole were treated with Panacur and Ivomec PLUS.
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Kazlauskas, Tomas. "Lietuvos vandenyse paplitusių vėžių rūšių ligų ir parazitų bei galimo alochtoninių vėžių, kaip naujų ligų ir parazitų vektoriaus, tyrimai." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20101125_185310-18543.
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Vėžių ligų bei parazitų paplitimas buvo tirtas Lietuvoje gyvenančių vėžių rūšių populiacijose: plačiažnyplio vėžio (Astacus astacus) ir siauražnyplio vėžio (Astacus leptodactylus), rainuotojo vėžio (Orconectes limosus) ir žymėtojo vėžio (Pacifastacus leniusculus). Tiek autochtoninės tiek alochtoninės vėžių rūšys yra užsikrėtusios bakterijomis, grybais, virusais bei ektoparazitais. Pačios pavojingiausios ligos vėžių maro nešiotojos yra amerikietiškos vėžių rūšys. Buvo tirti vizualiai identifikuojami ligų atvejai, atliekant pirminę sugautų vėžių biologinę analizę. Vidutiniškai 1,9% sugautų plačiažnyplių vėžių buvo apsikrėtę porcelianine liga, 3,4% kiauto rūdijimo liga, 91% visų tirtų vėžių apsikrėtę kirmėlėmis Branchiobdella spp.. Siauražnyplių, žymėtųjų, ir rainuotųjų vėžių populiacijoje porcelianinė, kiauto rūdijimo ligos bei kirmėlės Branchiobdella sp. nebuvo rasti. Nustatyta koreliacija tarp kiauto rūdijimo ligos ir vandens telkinio pH. Taipogi nustatyta koreliacija tarp kiauto rūdijimo ligos ir plačiažnyplių vėžių populiacijos dydžio. Atlikti Psorospermium spp. tyrimai. Šiuo parazitu užkrėstos A. astacus, Pacifastacus leniusculus ir Astacus leptodactylus vėžių populiacijos. Apsikrėtimo lygis siekė 84, 43% ir 48%. Santykinis Psorospermium heackeli parazito gausumas - 7.5 vnt.. Aptiktas naujas grybelinės kilmės organizmas plačiažnyplių vėžių populiacijose. Numanomas jo taksonominis rangas - Phlyctochytrium (Chytridiales, Chytridiomycetes) gentis. Plačiažnyplių ir... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]<br>Analysis of crayfish diseases, parasites and alochtonic crayfish as new diseases and parasites vector in Lithuanian waters ABSTRACT Astacus astacus, Astacus leptodactylus, Pacifastacus leniusculus and Orconectes limosus were investigated for diseases and parasites in different Lithuanian waters. Alochtonic and autochtonic crayfish species are contaminated with bacteria, viruses and fungi. Orconectes limosus and Pacifastascus leniusculus are vectors of crayfish plague and Psorospermium spp. parasite Visual diseases such as porcelain, burn sport and ectoparasites Branchiobdella were examined right after crayfish were caught together with other parameter: body length, weight and others. 2 of the crayfish Astacus astacus were infected by porcelain disease, 3.4 by burn spot disease and 91 of the crayfish had Branchiobdella spp.. Diseases, mentioned above, were not observed in Astacus leptodactylus and Pacifastacus leniusculus populations.. Estimates showed direct strong dependance between burn spot disease and PH of water pools same as abundance of the crayfish populations. Psorospermium haeckeli is fairly well widespread in Astacus astacus, Pacifastacus leniusculus and Astacus leptodactylus populations - it was found in 84, 43% and 48% of populations sampled. Relative abundance of the parasite - 7.5. Unknow fungi species found in Astacus astacus may be ascribable to the genus of Phlyctochytrium (Chytridiales, Chytridiomycetes) need more... [to full text]
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Jegnoraitė, Šarūnė. "Kiaulių virškinimo trakto parazitozės ir jų paplitimas Radviliškio rajone." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140305_141135-98427.
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Magistro baigiamajame darbe aprašomi Radviliškio rajone auginamų kiaulių užsikrėtimo virškinimo trakto helmintais intensyvumas priklausomai nuo fermos dydžio ir gyvulio amžiaus. Nustatytas kiaulių užsikrėtimas Ascaris suum, Oesophagostomum spp, Strongyloideas spp. helmintais ir Eimeria spp. pirmuonimis. Literatūros apžvalgoje aprašomas šių parazitų vystymasis, klinika, patogenezė ir epizootiniai duomenys.
Tyrimams mėginiai buvo imami Radviliškio rajone esančiuose smulkių kiaulių augintojų ūkiuose ir vidutinio stambumo kiaulių komplekse. Tyrimo laikotarpiu buvo paimti 57 mėginiai iš penkių skirtingų smulkių kiaulių augintojų ir 42 mėginiai iš kiaulių komplekso. Mėginiai ištirti LSMU VA Užkrečiamųjų ligų katedros Parazitologijos laboratorijoje. Kiaulės pagal amžių buvo suskirstytos į grupes: 0 – 3 mėn., 4 – 5 mėn., 6 – 8 mėn., 9 – 11 mėn., paršavedės ir kuiliai. Tyrimai buvo atliekami modifikuotu MacMaster metodu.
Aukščiausias užsikrėtimas virškinimo trakto parazitais nustatytas Radviliškio rajone esančiuose smulkiuose kiaulių ūkiuose ir teigiamų atvejų skaičius juose siekė 89 proc. Tuo tarpu vidutinio didumo kiaulių komplekse užsikrėtimas siekė 31 proc.
Dažniausiai pasireiškę virškinimo trakto parazitai tiek smulkių ūkių, tiek komplekso mėginiuose buvo Oesophagostomum spp. ir A. suum. Be to, nustatyti sporadiniai Strongyloides spp. ir Eimeria spp. užsikrėtimų atvejai.
Oesophagostomum spp. ir Ascaris suum skirtingose kiaulių grupėse didžiausias užsikrėtimas buvo paršavedžių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]<br>The research project presented in the thesis was designed to investigate the intensity of gastrointestinal parasite infection in pigs in district of Radviliškis caused by Ascaris suum, Oesophagostomum spp, Strongyloideas spp. and Eimeria spp. depending on the size of farm and age of the animal. In addition, the development cycles of these parasites, clinic, pathogenesis and epidemiological data are described.
During the study, 57 samples from 5 different small pig farmers and 42 samples from the medium size pig farm were collected. All samples were examined at Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Infectious Diseases, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of health Sciences. Pigs were divided according age and sex into 0 – 3 months, 4 – 5 months, 6 – 8 months, 9 – 11 months, sows and boars groups. The samples were examined by modified MacMaster technique.
The highest level (89%) of gastrointestinal parasites infection was registered in small pig farms. However, the level of infection in the medium size pig farm was significantly lower i.e. 31%.
In our study Oesophagostomum spp. and A. suum were highly distributed and Strongyloides spp. and Eimeria spp were found only as sporadic infection.
Most intensive infection level of Oesophagostomum spp. and A. suum was registered in sows, 6 – 8 months and 9 – 11 months pigs. Furthermore, the sporadical cases of infection with Eimeria spp. was found in 4 – 5 months and 6 – 8 months pigs and Strongyloides spp cases in... [to full text]
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Bubeníková, Kristýna. "Evoluce hostitelské specializace blanokřídlých parazitoidů rodu Torymus." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-388378.
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The genus Torymus (Chalcidoidea: Torymidae) has very diversified parasitic strategies and adaptations to its hosts. Its larvae are ectoparasitoids and attack mostly larvae of various gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) and gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). However, few species prefer also other insect groups as a host or are even phytophagous. Many hypotheses concerning evolution of insect host associations were published, but have not been satisfactorily tested using parasitic insects as a model. In this thesis I studied coevolution of the genus Torymus and its hosts. The main questions are what kind of host shifts occurred during the evolution of host strategies and whether sister species of parasitoids are specific to the related hosts/or nonrelated hosts living in the same type of habitat. I also studied changes at morphological adaptations to its hosts. To test critically these hypotheses, I constructed phylogenetic tree of selected Torymus species based on 5 genes and compared their host association within and between clades of Torymus. Key words: Torymus, Chalcidoide, parasitoid, phylogeny, host specialisation
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Samková, Alena. "Parazitická vosička Anaphes flavipes Förster, 1841 (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) jako model pro studium interakcí parazitoid-hostitel." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-403878.
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Parasitic wasps have a wide range of specific developmental interactions with their hosts due to a close "parasitoid-host" relationship and that allows the study of many ecological and evolutionary questions. In our work, we focused on the parasitoid-host interactions in the parasitic wasp Anaphes flavipes (Förster, 1841) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae). Because A. flavipes show a high variability of morphology and size, they have been repeatedly described as a new species in the past. Thus, we first redescribed the species and we compared the variability of some morphological structures for wasps from different localities (Paper 1). The high variability of the body size of wasps is reviewed in the second article, where we propose that females of A. flavipes do not decide according to the generally known "trade-off" scheme, if they will have more smaller offspring or fewer bigger offspring. In fact, the number of offspring depends on the body size of the female ("body size-fitness" hypothesis), which determines the variable reproductive strategies of mothers (the number of individuals that are laid into one host by a single female) (Paper 2). The third manuscript deals with the reproductive strategy of gregarious parasitoids. The reproductive strategy does not have to be stable; in the case of A....
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STUCHLOVÁ, Klára. "Ovlivňují parasitoidi výškovou distribuci horských motýlů? Okáči v Krkonoších." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-174071.
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Parasitoids represent a diverse and little studied group of insects, employing variety of adaptations to utilize and kill their hosts. Among the unresolved issues related to the host-parasitoids interactions are responses of such interactions to global climate change, especially in cases specialized insect species adapted to cold environments such as alpine habitats. Example of such hosts are the Holarctic butterflies of the genus Erebia Dalman, 1986 (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) inhabiting mountains of Central Europe. The aim of this study was sampling caterpillars of lowland and mountain Satyrinae butterflies, rearing the caterpillars to determine the degree of infestation and determine the host specificity of parasitoids using combination of classical and molecular methods. I sampled 39 caterpillars of the Meadow Brown (Maniola jurtina), seven caterpillars of the Mountain Ringlet (Erebia epiphron) and four caterpillars of the Large Ringlet (Erebia euryale) at 14 habitats along the altitudinal gradient in Krkonoše Mountains. It was found more than a one-third parasitization by Ichneumon caloscelis among Maniola jurtina caterpillars and no parasitoids among the mountain species. It suggests the possibility of a higher rate of infestation among species living at lower altitudes than at higher altitudes. There are many factors affecting the parasitization's rate among butterflies. This issue requires further monitoring. This study demonstrates the time-consuming sampling of solitary living caterpillars on common plants. Molecular determination of parasitoids using DNA barcoding is possible without major problems, but with certain restrictions.
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Křížková, Barbora. "Fylogeneze vybraných druhových skupin rodu Torymus (Hymenoptera: Torymidae)." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-312850.
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Chalcid wasps (Chalciodiodea) is superfamily within parasitic group of the order Hymenoptera. These insects attack other arthropods. My thesis is focused on phylogeny of selected species groups of the genus Torymus Dalman 1820, whose range of hosts includes mainly gall-forming insect as gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) and gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Using genes 28D2 rDNA, COI and CytB, I constructed phylogenetic trees, which helped with discussing current view on classification of the genus and with inferring new findings about co-evolution with host organisms. Previously established morphological - ecological species groups were not supported by my analyses in many cases. Morphological traits seem to be convergent for many species. They often do not support observed monophyla as apomorphies. On the other hand, ecology and natural habitat of species was common for many branches in my cladograms. It was found out, that recent hosts are not probably original hosts of the group. Adaptive radiation in different habitats is likely to be the phenomenon that stands behind present-day host range of Torymus species. This process could have occurred after swapping to gall midges and gall wasps. Key words: Chalcidoidea, Torymus, phylogeny, parasitoid, host specifity, co-evolution
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Böhmová, Julie. "Fylogeneze a evoluce čeledi Megastigmidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-435871.
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The family Megastigmidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea), one of the hymenopteran parasitoid families, is unique in containing many species with phytophagous larval feeding strategy. A number of species of different genera are seed-feeders and the genus Bortesia is even capable of inducing galls. The family Megastigmidae is found mainly in the Australian region but a few genera/species groups are widespread throughout different areas, mainly in the Oriental and the Holarctic region. The main goal of this study was to map phylogenetic relationships among genera and clarify the following: the overall number of transitions between a parasitoid and a phytophagous way of life, the ancestral feeding strategy of the family, the evolution of feeding strategies in the genus Megastigmus, and the geographical area of origin of the family. The questions were tested based on a phylogeny reconstructed by a state-of-the-art method - sequencing of "Ultra-Conserved Elements (UCEs)" - using 100 specimens of Megastigmidae from 11 out of 12 currently valid genera selected taking into consideration their feeding strategy and biogeographical origin. The final dataset contains 1210 loci (570,000 base pairs in length) and most nodes are supported by bootstrap value 100. The results show that the family can be divided into 3...
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MYŠKOVÁ, Eva. "Střevní paraziti obratlovců na Svalbardu." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-172987.
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The study was aimed to obtain basic information about the distribution of intestinal parasites of mammals and birds in Svalbard. Faeces of different species were used to detect intestinal parasites. All samples were collected during two seasons and examined by microscopic methods and molecular diagnostic was used for detection of microsporidia, cryptosporidia, coccidia and giardiae.
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POSPÍŠILOVÁ, Iva. "Krevní paraziti ryb na Svalbardu." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-180582.
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This thesis reviews knowledge about diversity of blood parasites of fish. Blood smears of fish used in this study were obtained in Billefjorden (Svalbard archipelago, Arctic). Desseria myoxocephali, the type species of Desseria, is the only one parasite that was found in the smears. A partial 18S rDNA sequence of D. myoxocephali was prepared and phylogenetic analyses were computed. D. myoxocephali forms a lineage together with Dactylosoma ranarum and Babesiosoma stableri within adeleorinid clade.
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VANĚČKOVÁ, Michala. "Střevní paraziti koz ve vybraném chovu." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-48244.
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The master thesis is aimed to evaluate intestinal parasites occurrence in a goat breeding. A herd of goats chosen for this survey was kept by a private enterprise focused on milk production. The practical research was conducted during two years, 2009 and 2010. Samples of feaces were collected during that period and analyzed for parasites occurrence. The analyses proved presence of the following parasites: Trichuris ovis, parasites from the order Strongylida, Fasciola hepatica, Dicrocellium lanceatum and coccidia. Total prevalence was significant; 85% of the samples were found to be positive. Species from the order Strongylida were identified as the most often 41,46 %, which meant 199 cases from the total of 509. During the examined period, the highest prevalence of parasites was detected in summer 2009, the second highest then in spring 2010.
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Chlumová, Kateřina. "Paraziti a jejich preparace pro školní využití." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-382988.
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This diploma thesis deals with common parasites of game animals, animals and human occurring in the territory of the Czech Republic. It focuses on their fixation and general preparation of such specimens for usage in teaching of Science. The first part is devoted to the phenomenon of parasitism, and the history and definition of this concept. Systematic hierarchy of various unrelated parasitic groups is clarified. The second part provides the list of parasites, from the evolutionary original to the highly derived groups. We give an overview of their morphology and anatomy with the emphasis on their life cycle. The detailed knowledge of life cycle is essential for obtaining specimens. In each group, we indicate methods of collection and fixation in detail. The co called smartmicroscope represent the main point of the third part of proposed diploma thesis. Text of the thesis is supplemented with pictures taken by smart microscope, as well as by common microscope. KEY WORDS parasite, parasitism, mikropredatore, vector, fixation, preparation, smart mikroscope
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BRUZLOVÁ, Pavlína. "Střevní paraziti v archeologickém materiálu ze středověku." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-187603.
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The aim of this thesis was to search for and identify human and/or animal intestinal parasite eggs in archeological material from medieval period in Brno and Prague. Concentration methods - sedimentation and flotation were used for parasite identification. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for the detection of parasite DNA. The results were put into context with other data published in similar studies and research.
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ŘÍHOVÁ, Tereza. "Střevní paraziti ze středověké lokality v Praze." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-251628.
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The aim of this thesis was to examine the archeological material from medieval site in Prague and identify human or animal intestinal parasite eggs or cysts. The concetration methods were used for parasite identification and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for detection of parasitic protist DNA. In comparision with the results of most of similar research, the occurrence of parasites was low.
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ŠTĚPÁNOVÁ, Kristýna. "Kompatibilita vybraných druhů entomopatogenních hub s parazitoidem Encarsia formosa." Master's thesis, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-47185.
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This M.Sc. thesis is aimed to describe level of the compatibility between various strains of several entomopathogenic fungi with parasitoid wasp Encarsia formosa. From many species of entomopathogenic fungi Aschersonia aleyrodis, Beauveria bassiana, B, brongniartii, Lecanicillium lecanii, Metarhizium anisopliae and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus were the species which were tested in experiments. It was found, that A. aleyrodis is very selective, because it infects only unparasitized nymphs of greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum. All other strains of tested fungi were much less selective, however their efficacy always increased total efficacy when compared with the efficacy of parasitoid alone. It was concluded, that fungi A. aleyrodis, L. lecanii and P. fumosoroseus posse{\crq}s big potential for construction of IPM programs.
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MARTÍNKOVÁ, Barbora. "Příprava rekombinantního paralyzačního proteinu z jedu parazitoidní vosičky \kur{Habrobracon hebetor}." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-317596.
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A candidate protein from the venom gland of parasitoid wasp, Habrobracon hebetor, predicted to be responsible for the paralysis of lepidopteran caterpillars, was produced in baculovirus and bacterial expression systems. The function of both recombinant protein variants was confirmed by in vivo tests in Galleria mellonella larvae.
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Egriová, Sabina. "Spektrum škůdců a jejich antagonistů v okrasné a užitkové zahradě." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-362633.
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In the growing season in 2016 there was in Petřvald u Karviné observed the presence of harmful and beneficial insects in ornamental and productive garden in a regular two-week intervals. There were defined three study areas in the garden, according to cultivated plants: ornamental plants, vegetables and orchard. Insects were monitored using colored bowls and pitfall traps. The best way of trapping insects are epigeic ground traps. Colorful bowls are most advantageous to monitor the occurrence of flying insects. There were observed abundance and representation of the trophic groups of insects. Caught total 2,917 individuals from 10 insect orders and 52 families. From the trophic point of view there were 720 phytophages, 1746 predators and parasitoids and 290 saprophage.
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Matějková, Lucie. "Škůdci hrachu při ekologickém a konvenčním pěstování." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-179693.
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Occurrence of pests has been investigated in the district Vyškov on organically and conventionally grown pea in 2013. Monitoring of insects was carried from May to July using pheromone traps, sticky boards and check of plants. 13 590 individuals were determined on the organic, 6608 on the conventional plot. Acyrthosiphon pisum was the most numerous pest (10 811, 4335 individuals). Parasitism reached 67.5% on the organic plot. Other pests findings on organic and conventional plots were Aphis fabae (70, 88), Kakothrips robustus (1403, 316), Odontothrips confusus (251, 0), Autographa gamma (12, 12), Cecidomyidae (97, 191), Anthomyidae (0, 327). Other phytophagous species (350, 967), predators (159, 66), parasitoids (21, 7), decomposers (1, 17), pollinators (4, 2) and Cyclorrhapha of unknown significance (441, 280) were registered to organic and conventional plots.
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Šafránková, Ivana. "Houby rodu Rhizoctonia a jejich hostitelský okruh." Doctoral thesis, 2002. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-88146.
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Cieslar, Roman. "Vliv parazitů na růst jehňat a na množství těžkých kovů v jejich tělech." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-87396.
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MARTINŮ, Jana. "Parazito-hostitelská koevoluce mezi vešmi druhu \kur{Polyplax serrata}a myšicemi rodu \kur{Apodemus}." Master's thesis, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-49973.
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The study analyzes genealogy and coevolutionary relationships between the bloodsucking louse Polyplax serrata (Anoplura) and its host of the genus Apodemus (Rodentia). It uses the tools of molecular biology and phylogenetics for interpretation of the parasite distribution in respect to the georaphy and host specificity
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KOPAČKA, Michal. "Kompostování listí jírovce maďalu napadeného klíněnkou jírovcovou (Cameraria ohridella)jako technolgie pro ekologickou regulaci škůdce." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-50278.
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Small volume experiments with varying formula were set up into photoeclectors in the greenhouse of the Biology Centre AS CR to find an optimal technology of composting leaves of horse chestnut, in which Cameraria ohridella hibernates. Part of the work is measurements of infested leaf, presence of horse chestnut in the České Budějovice district and estimating the volume of the leaves for composting. The results show very high mortality of Cameraria ohridella. This was observed when the compost was covered even with a small layer of soil.
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ŽÍDEK, Jakub. "Parazitofauna plazů Evropy." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-174061.
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This thesis presents the most comprehensive historical overwiev of reptile parasites living in Europe, including basic taxonomic information, the known geographic range, host range and important references. Data needed to create a host-parasite list was obtained from scientific articles. In the present work are recorded parasites of the Eropean reptiles throughout their entire range. Moreover was created a comprehensive list of the European herpetofauna that were still incomplete, including threat status and endemic species.
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Langrová, Anna. "Možný vliv patogenů na fitness vybraných druhů kachen." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-284854.
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In total, 76 birds, mainly breeding females, were captured in years 2007-2009. Birds were inspected for the presence of avian influenza (AI) viruses and the AI antibodies. They were inspected as well for the presence of bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi s. l. and Anaplasma phagocytophilum and protozoan Leucocytozoon simondi in blood. The feces were examined for the oocysts and eggs of intestinal parasites. AI viruses were found in 4 cases, while over 80% of inspected birds had AI antibodies. Bacteria B. burgdorferi s. l. and A. phagocytophilum were found in 2 and 1 case respectively. Protozoan L. simondi was not found in any blood smear. The oocysts from protozoan genera Eimeria and Tyzzeria and eggs from roundworm genera Capillaria, Amidostomum and Echinuria were observed in feces. Statistical analyses were due to the small size of our data set inconclusive.
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WAGNEROVÁ, Pavla. "Endoparazitární infekce koní." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-54789.
Full textAbstract:
A total of 587 faecal samples were collected from 98 horses of different age from three farms with various breeding system (pasture, stable and combination) in the South Bohemia, Czech Republic during three consecutive years (from 2009 to 2011), and screened for the presence of endoparasites, especially these inhabiting gastrointestinal tract and lung, using standard parasitological methods including flotation, sedimentation and staining methods. Moreover presence of Encephalitozoon spp. was detected using genus specific nested PCR. Small strongyles were the most common nematodes among studied horses. The age of animals was evaluated as a risk factor in relation to Eimeria leuckarti, Strongyloides westeri and Parascaris equorum infection in foals. The resistance of small strongyles (Cyathostominae) to benzimidazol anthelmintics has been revealed only on one of the visited farm. Most of examined animals were mono-infected. The breeding of horses in the stable represent management system with lowest risk in relation to parasitic infection of animals. Molecular analysis revealed the presence of human pathogenic Encephalitozoon cuniculi genotype I in horses.
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Hladovcová, Denisa. "Vliv parazita Toxoplasma gondii na produkci hlavních močových proteinů u myši domácí." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-297763.
Full textAbstract:
Major Urinary Proteins (MUP) are pheromonal transmitters involved in chemical communication in rodents. Complexes of MUPs and ligands mediate information about genetical background of an individual and co-create individual scent profile. They play a significant role in kinship determination, the crucial factor in the choice of a mating partner. It is assumed that the MUP production is energetically demanding due to the pressure of sexual selection, and the transmitted signal is thus supposed to be honest. This theory hasn't yet been experimentally tested, neither was proven the effect of another intense selection pressure- a parasitic infection. In my thesis, I describe the effect of an infection of a parasite Toxoplasma gondii on MUP production. The results suggest that the production is altered in both sexes, the production decreasing in males to the level of male castrates (or the female level). Considering the results of more detailed analysis of the infection we assume that the energetical demands of the MUP production doesn't allow the production of ordinary amounts if MUPs during the first phase of the infection as the energy is primarily devoted to the infection control. The increased production in latter phase can be attributed to the importance of scent communication. Decreased levels of...