Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Parc de conservation'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Parc de conservation.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Hébert, Rémi. "Conservation de l'ours noir dans une aire protégée: le parc national de la Mauricie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26190/26190.pdf.
Full textNature conservancy is the main goal of wilderness protected areas. Some conservation strategies, focused on concepts such as ecological integrity, ecosystem management, connectivity, buffer zones, or charismatic megafauna protection have been elaborated in the recent years to reach this goal. The American black bear is a good model to evaluate the efficiency of these conservation strategies since many factors can affect the demography of this species, such as hunting and trapping, habitat loss, and forest exploitation. The central question of my thesis is then the following: “Can a protected area such as La Mauricie National Park of Canada be able to maintain ecological integrity of a large mammal such as the American black bear?”. I used data from the long-term (1990-2005) monitoring of the black bear population in La Mauricie National Park of Canada. In the first chapter, I evaluated the influence of hunting and trapping in the periphery of the park, as well as the influence of poaching and nuisance kills on the survival of bears. Main results indicated that human-caused mortalities have a significant effect on this bear population. In the second chapter, I undertook a population viability analysis. The growth rates estimated with survival and reproduction data indicated that the number of females appears stable in the population, but that the number of males would decline if the population became isolated. In the third chapter, I emphasized the importance of accounting for sampling error in population viability analysis. Finally, in the fourth chapter, I determined the size of the greater ecosystem of La Mauricie National Park of Canada, based on the study of the movements of bears. The results of this thesis show the importance of the territory located outside of a protected area. In my opinion, we will not be able to achieve the long-term protection of the integrity of a bear population in a park of the size of La Mauricie National Park of Canada as long as conservation objectives, supported by the establishment of buffer zones around protected areas, are not integrated in a large-scale greater ecosystem management plan.
Villemure, Mario. "Écologie et conservation du loup dans la région du Parc national de la Mauricie." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2003.
Find full textVillemure, Mario. "Écologie et conservation du loup dans la région du Parc national de la Mauricie." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2003. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4580.
Full textRivet, Amélie. "Analyse dendroécologique de l'activité du porc-épic dans le Parc national du Bic, Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24751/24751.pdf.
Full textOuelmouhoub, Samir. "Gestion multi-usage et conservation du patrimoine forestier : cas des subéraies du Parc national d'El Kala, Algérie /." Montpellier : CIHEAM-IAMM, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40095695q.
Full textCIHEAM-IAMM = Centre international des hautes études agronomiques méditerranéennes-Institut agronomique méditerranéen de Montpellier. En appendice, choix de documents. Bibliogr. p. 105-108. Résumé en français et en anglais.
Meunier, Geneviève. "Le gaillet mollugine (Galium mollugo L.) envahisseur : analyse de sa répartition et de ses impacts sur la diversité végétale au parc national du Bic." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25467/25467.pdf.
Full textBlais, Patrice. "Impact de l'implantation du Parc du Mont-Mégantic sur les communautés périphériques locales." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2000.
Find full textMasharabu, Tatien. "Flore et végétation du Parc National de la Ruvubu au Burundi: diversité, structure et implications pour la conservation." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209862.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Fall, Assane. "Le Parc National du Banc d’Arguin : Pêche, Conservation et Développement durable dans une Aire Marine et Côtière Protégée." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0074.
Full textSince the World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg in 2002 and the World Congress on Protected Areas ( South Africa, 2003) , Marine Protected Areas (MPAs ) are seen as tools for conservation and sustainable development. Their contribution to the conservation of marine biodiversity and the recovery of fish stocks is considered crucial for protection based on participatory governance which involves local people in the project of conservation and sustainable development. That is why the AMP as the National Park of Banc d'Arguin (PNBA), took a major importance for achieving these objectives. The PNBA is a breeding ground for fish and birds and spawning of great importance. Despite its strengths, space PNBA is exposed to multiple challenges. The last few years have seen a gradual depletion of fishery resources and the development of fishing effort. The specificity of the PNBA is the also its resident population: Imraguen, which are only allowed to go fishing with lanches Canarian lateen sail types. The objective of this research was thus questioning participatory manner different actors (Directorate of PNBA, Imraguen local populations and FIBA ). He tries to examine how improving participatory governance in the National Park of Banc d'Arguin (PNBA). The results of this thesis highlight the main constraints to improving governance in this space. Thus, we propose a reconfiguration of this governance by improving the functioning of these public spaces for dialogue , but also a better collaboration between different stakeholders and in particular through better involvement of Imraguen in achieving conservation action and sustainable development in the PNBA
Ouya, Bondoro. "Conservation et utilisation durable de la biodiversité autour et dans les aires protégées du Sud-Est du Tchad : cas du parc national de Manda et de la forêt classée de Djoli-Kera. Usages et risques, quelles stratégies pour la revalorisation et le développement local ?" Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON30086/document.
Full textDuring this third millennium of agonizing political, economic and security faced by the inhabitants of planet earth. Their intensity and gravity do forget the loss of biodiversity and the depletion of its natural resources in front of human activities. There is however urgent attention because the slightest negligence would result in irreparable loss of biodiversity. The situation is worrying for underdeveloped countries like Chad and especially for the Manda National Park and its periphery. Vagaries of the weather, bad agricultural practices and overexploitation of natural resources are exposed to a succession of environmental crises since the early 1980’s. The current population growth, overgrazing, political instability, civil wars perverse multiply and complicate the management of biodiversity. [...]
Garayev, Elnur. "Valorisation de la biodiversité du Parc naturel régional du Luberon : étude phytochimique et pharmacologique d'Inula Montana L." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0587/document.
Full textInula montana L. is used in traditional medicine of the Mediterranean region.Phytochemical study led to the isolation and identification of 28 compounds from flowers and leaves of Inula montana L. These compounds belong to the family of terpenes, polyphenols, and inositol derivatives.Six of them are new compounds: one new sesquiterpene acid, called Eldarin and five inositol derivatives.Nineteen compounds are reported for the first time in Inula montana.A quality control monography of flowers from Inula montana was established. Two methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis by UHPLC were developed and validated. The first method concerns the profile of sesquiterpene lactones with the quantification of Costunolide. The second method concerns the polyphenols profile with the quantitative evaluation of three compounds. These two methods of analysis by UHPLC allow to conduct the comparative study of wild and cultivated plant.These methods were also used for the comparative study of plants, subjected to different stress, such as salt and UV-B. The vegetal material obtained by in vitro culture was also analyzed by these methods.The active eco-extracts have been developed through the design of experiments by extraction assisted by microwaves and ultrasounds, using green solvents.The anti-inflammatory activity of different extracts and compounds of Inula montana was evaluated in vitro. The extracts and compounds show important activity. Activity of tinctures from Inula montana are similar to the activity of tinctures from Arnica montana.The phytochemical and pharmacological studies show that Inula montana could be proposed as an alternative to Arnica montana
Manceron, Stéphane. "Intervenir en périphérie pour la conservation des aires protégées : réexamen d’un postulat. La situation du Parc du W et des éleveurs mobiles." Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100134/document.
Full textProtected area managers act on peripheral zones because they hope that it will improve conservation. This is a common behaviour of most development programs since 1990s. However, this relies on a postulate, which we try to examine thank to the case of the W Park (Bénin, Burkina Faso, Niger). This transborder park is a complex of protected area that faces with cattle herds, led by fulan herdsmen, that illegaly enters to find pasture. We identify spaces where the interactions between Parc and pastors take place. Beyond close periphery that was already took into into account by the Park, interaction spaces are even greater than the spaces where the pastors move because of indirect effects. They encompass an attraction area, and even further, all the surrounding main pastures area. We explore all factors that make the attractivity of spaces, including Park, compared to each other. Then, we describe pastors mobility types and how they affect their relationships to Park. A decision model helps us to show the factors influencing various mobility practices.Finally, we analyse Park strategies in the surrounding to evaluate its actual or potential influence on pastors. Its intervention lacks explicite goals and should be grounded on an analysis of relationships between Park and its surrounding. Deeper, we bring out that any conservation program is limited because it implements ecological engineering though a multiscale territorial engineering would be necessary
Komac, Benjamin. "Effets des modifications de l'utilisation des terres sur la conservation des pâturages subalpins du Parc National de Ordesa Mont-Perdu." Chambéry, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CHAMS008.
Full textMany mountain ecosystems are significantly influenced by the interactions between human activities and biogeophysical factors, which can lead to the development of areas that have high biodiversity. This study examined the vegetation dynamics in the subalpine grasslands of the Ordesa Monte Perdido-National Park (Spanish Pyrenees) vis-à-vis a reduction in grazing pressure by livestock. The effects of grazing on the vegetation of the subalpine grasslands of OMPNP differed depending on the scale of the analysis. At the scale of the community, grazing disturbed the spatial distributions of plants in the community while at the landscape scale, grazing increased heterogeneity in the distribution of plant species. In the last 46 years, the area in the park occupied by Echinospartum horridum doubled (from 268 ha to 530 ha) with an expansion rate of about 2 m. Years-1. The spatial distribution of E. Horridum was mainly a function of biogeophysical factors (elevation, slope, solar radiation) where simulation of the expansion demonstrated the necessity of prescribed burning and grazing to limit the colonization. The populations of E. Horridum exhibited the characteristics of invasive plants and had a highest capacity for colonization. The demographics of the colonization of subalpine grasslands by E. Horridum suggests that, to impede the expansion of woody species, livestock grazing pressure will have to be maintained. The effects of differs among plant communities and the pastoral unit; consequently land managers are face with a dilemma, but the maintenance of past agropastoral practices is necessary in the conservation of biodiversity in the grasslands of OMPNP
Vandenabeele, Valérie. "Les nouveaux horizons des Tibétains de Pudacuo : politique, conservation et globalisation dans le premier parc national de Chine (Shangri-La, Yunnan)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100185/document.
Full textIn Northwestern Yunnan, Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is the place of definition of a consensual and attractive Tibetan identity, by which political authorities give local people a concern for the natural environment. The representations they carry echo and mobilize Western representations of the Tibetan people, which include the Shangri-La imagery and the identification of Tibetan Buddhism with ecology. Since 2006, it is staged in Pudacuo National Park, which is the first national park in China. Although it was elaborated with the help of a United-States conservationist non-governmental organization, this place has in fact little to do with the protection of the natural environment and aims to grow mass tourism. The alternative development it offers to local farmers is welcome as it opens new horizons, including the possession of a contemporary culture, access to the consumer society and the opening to the outside world
Savage, Josée. "Changements temporels de végétation sur quatre décennies le long d'un gradient altitudinal: Effets du réchauffement climatique." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/124.
Full textBourdages, Marilou. "Le bilan floristique historique de l'île Bonaventure : 1967-2008." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26296/26296.pdf.
Full textSfaksi, Nafissa. "Dynamique spatio-temporelle des paysages végétaux dans un espace naturel protégé : cas du Parc National de Taza (PNT), Algérie." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU20061.
Full textUnder increasing human pressure, natural landscapes in Algeria currently undergoing changes in their composition and structure. This work aims to understand the transformation of landscape plants and highlight their spatio-temporal dynamics. Taza National Park (3807 ha) high biodiversity hotspot in Algeria and Biosphere Reserve served as an experimental site for the proposed modeling. The joint use of statistics and geomatics has provided powerful tools to analyze and model the changes in the structure and composition of natural habitats. Initially the floristic surveys were used to characterize their composition. Six vegetation associations were identified with a tendency to matorralisation forest formations. The use in a second time of Landsat images has achieved a track record Land use / Cover Changes between 2003 and 2011. It has been noticed that there has been an increase of 15.22% surfaces scrub against a decline of 188.57 ha of sclerophyllous forests and 348.15 ha of forest deciduous oak. The calibration of the simulation model proved difficult especially as the evaluation of the relationship between observed and explanatory factors highlighted the complexity of interdependencies in Mediterranean ecosystems. The model evaluation highlighted the studied phenomena complexity and the limitations of available data. Nevertheless, this has allowed us to confirm the trends observed landscape evolution.Overall, this work has enabled a recent mapping of the land, establishing a database on natural habitats and LUCC and developing a forward simulation model of landscape plants.Despite the limitations encountered, this study wanted to be a relevant approach by prospective landscape dynamics modeling in Algeria, which will be extremely useful in the management of sensitive natural areas
Moussavou, Chiberth Aulaire. "Les aires protégées et le développement durable au Gabon : entre sollicitations internationales et réalités locales. Le cas du parc national de Loango." Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT5014/document.
Full textSince nature conservation has become an issue of global concern, efforts have been made to encourage the creation of protected areas since the Rio Earth Summit in 1992, especially in forest basins countries. After Rio, sustainable development has become crucial. In order to make its contribution to this international cause and at the same time diversify its economy, Gabon, country of the Congo Basin forest, created thirteen national parks in 2002. Altogether, the 13 protected sites represent 11 % of the national territory classified for the conservation of Gabon's rich biodiversity. Our study is based on the analysis of this challenge, more precisely in the Loango National Park and in a country whose economic development is fully dependant on its natural resources. It deals with the application of the participative management between the different actors concerned who have different perceptions of natural resources. It examines the social, economic and cultural impact of something which is managed according to international standards and with very little consideration for local realities. We also underline the difficulty Gabon faces in choosing between its national economic development and conservation. This difficulty is often caused by international demands. The study also raises the question of social acceptability expressed by conflicts between actors
Ly, Djibril. "Etude de l'éco-sociosystème du Parc National du Banc d'Arguin : vers une régulation des dynamiques halieutiques imraguen." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MON30104.
Full textCreated in 1976, the Banc d'Arguin National Park (PNBA) is a marine protected area classified as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. The park is home to a fishing population called "Imraguen" formerly living from a traditional subsistence fishery. Over the last twenty years, fishing at the Banc d'Arguin has become a highly lucrative commercial activity leading to increased losses of a rich marine biodiversity.The thesis focuses on the understanding of the fish dynamics that have been implemented in the park since its creation. Based on the concept of the fishing system, the study proposes to describe and analyze the interactions between the ecosystem and the socio-system in its social, cultural, spatial, political, economic and regulatory dimensions. Therefore, the approach is intended to be systemic and focuses on understanding the fishery dynamics of the Banc d'Arguin as a whole.This thesis aims to rethink the management strategies of the park by trying to reduce pressure on the fishery resource. Ultimately, the results of this research will have to serve as a decision-making tool for the manager
Binot, Aurélie. "La conservation de la nature en Afrique centrale entre théories et pratiques : des espaces protégés à géométrie variable." Paris 1, 2010. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00508990.
Full textCrépin-Bournival, Mathilde. "La patrimonialisation des parcs nationaux : aux frontières de la nature et de la culture : le cas du Parc national de la Jacques-Cartier." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26562.
Full textFor several years, human activities, fuelled by more efficient and effective technologies, create strong pressures on ecosystems. In response to this dynamic, conservation is of primary aspect. It aims to ensure the protection of ecosystems while allowing an access to them, sensitize and educate the public and promote contacts between people and nature. Patrimonialization policies are a key aspect of the processes of conservation of natural environments. They refer to all actions organized in the public domain related to the conservation and enhancement of the natural heritage. To date, researchers did not discuss systematically patrimonialization policies of natural environments. This thesis aims to provide food for thought for conservation under the assumption that the natural heritage in its formation mechanisms, is at the interface of nature and culture. Thus, the nature patrimonialization policies would be guided by the dynamics of the formation of cultural heritage. Indeed, now well documented, the concept of cultural heritage is a construction being done by companies for economic, ideological and disciplinary reasons. Based on a discursive potential, cultural heritage modifies the uses of objects and places by removing their primary function and by mentoring them with policies nourished by the ideology of conservation. The dissertation examines the dynamics of the natural environments patrimonialization policies in Quebec in the context of national parks. It is based on a methodology that borrows to the analysis of discourse and uses the case of the Jacques-Cartier National Park, which, during the 1970s, was at the heart of a controversy from which the first laws were born in Quebec in the conservation of natural heritage field.
Ngaryam, Benoudjita. "La problématique de gestion durable de la biodiversité au Tchad : impacts des aires protégées sur les zones périphériques - cas des parcs nationaux de Manda et Sena Oura." Thesis, Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080118/document.
Full textThis work has enabled to show that the future of biological resources safeguarding is not only to be performed on the protected areas but also the integration of non protected areas in the rational management framework of the territory could be a guarantee of a sustainable safeguarding. Moreover, it has also shown to different actors that the presence of a protected area in a location is not without impact on surrounding areas. In this case, 65 national parks impacts on the surrounding areas have been identified meaning there are 28 positive impacts representing 43% against 37 negative impacts representing 57%. Socio-economic impacts are the most numerous followed by cultural impacts and ecological impacts.In order to get these results, two case studies have been performed on Manda and Sena Oura national parks in Chad, all located in the southern area. These are two national parks of the differents generations. In the study framework, 152 people have been surveyed among which there are 19 civil servants, 11 development representatives and 122 members of local communities adjacent to national parks. The satellite images have completed the analysis agenda.The critical and comparative analysis which is included in the perspective of the sustainable development paradigm has revealed that many ecological impacts will occur in long term. The negative socio economic and cultural impacts are best managed in a participative management approach as opposed to a too centralized and exclusive management. The intrinsic factors which have influenced the intensity of impacts are of socio political, demographic, climatic order, the local culture systems and ecological footprints of urban centers nearby. This influence witnesses the difficulty to separate impacts attributed to the creation of protected areas from those generated by other factors
Rabeil, Thomas. "Distribution potentielle des grands mammifères dans le parc du W du Niger." Phd thesis, Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA070081.
Full textThe countries of West Africa protect numerous areas with a diversified fauna. But, especially on large mammals, few studies about wildlife have been performed contrarily to Eastern and Southern Africa where several research programs have been led for thirty years. Niger, hosts one of the oldest African fauna reserve: the W National Park. In order to allow managers to set a management policy to maintain, and even raise, the biodiversity, we developed a distribution analysis and rating method of large mammals. This method, called SAGEDOC (Spatial Analysis GEoreferenced Data Of Counts), takes into account the usually limited financial and logistic potentialities at managers disposal. The SAGEDOC method, using GIS potentialities (as space management tool) associated to contributions of remote sensing and multivariate statistics, is based on spatialised information permitting to understand the distribution of large mammals in dry season. Wildlife was considered as the central element of a geosystem which ecological and anthropic factors have various influences according to space and time. By considering this spatio-temporal variability, we could have pointed out the distribution of a great number of mammal species, socio-ecological characteristics of which are often very different
Sigaud, Marie. "Le bison des prairies entre aire protégée et terres agricoles : causes, conséquences et perspectives de gestion." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34488.
Full textKomena, Kouadio Boniface. "Enjeux de la gestion durable des espaces autour des aires protégées : le cas de la conservation du Parc National de Taï en Côte d'Ivoire." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VERS015S.
Full textFailure of the management of commons natural resource by the market or the state, emerges a new mode of governance: participatory management involving local communities. For over two decades, this new paradigm is based on the argument that these communities, with a social capital, self-organize to effectively manage their resources. It is supported or imposed by international institutions in projects. The Ivorian natural resource management is not an exception to this situation. And the sustainable management of the Tai National Park and surrounding areas in the South West, an area of agricultural immigration fits into this framework. Awareness and participation of local stakeholders, promotion of income-generating activities are the main measures. After more than a decade of implementation thereof, the results are not tangible
Boupoya-Mapikou, Clay-Archange. "Flore et végétation des clairières intraforestières sur sol hydromorphe dans le Parc National de l'Ivindo, Nord-Est Gabon." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210067.
Full textLa flore globale des clairières est dominée par les Cyperaceae, les Rubiaceae et les Leguminosae-Caesalpinoideae. Cinq espèces (Fuirena stricta subsp. stricta, Pycreus subtrigonus, Pycreus mundtii, Rhynchospora perrieri et Leptochloa coerulecens) sont signalées pour la première fois au Gabon.
Huit groupements sont décrits: 5 pour les prairies et 3 au niveau des lisières. Quatre des groupements des prairies (le groupement pélophyte semi-aquatique à Costus afer et Centotheca lappacea ;le groupement hélophyte semi-aquatique à Pycreus mundtii et Pycreus subtrigonus ;le groupement pélophyte semi-aquatique à Virectaria multiflora et Kyllinga pumila ainsi que le groupement nitrophyte à Tristemma leiocalyx et Bacopa crenata) appartiennent à la classe des Phragmitetea tandis que le dernier (le groupement aquatique à Schoenoplectus mucronatus et Nymphaea heudelotii) se rattache à la classe des Potametea.
Deux des groupements de lisières (le groupement pélophyte pré-forestier à Ludwigia africana et Nephrolepis bisserata; le groupement hygrophyte des forêts marécageuses à Anthocleista schweinfurthii et Uapaca guineensis) appartiennent à la classe des Mitragynetea et le dernier (le groupement nitrophyte pré-forestier marécageux à Leptochloa coerulescens et Echinochloa indica) à celle des Phragmitetea.
L’hydromorphie et la profondeur de la vase ainsi que la fréquentation animale constituent les variables environnementales qui influencent significativement le déterminisme de ces groupements au sein des prairies, alors que ces variables n’ont aucun effet sur les groupements de lisière.
La richesse spécifique varie de 62 à 164 pour les groupements de lisière tandis qu’au sein des prairies, elle varie de 35 à 63. Les indices de diversité moyens pour l’ensemble des groupements des clairières sont 4,4 ± 0,5 (Shannon), 0,07 ± 0,03 (Simpson) et l’équitabilité de Piélou est de 0,78 ± 0,05.
La flore étudié n’est inféodée aux clairières du Gabon, les espèces endémiques guinéo-congolaises sont dominantes au niveau des lisières alors que ce sont les espèces à large distribution qui prédominent dans les prairies. Les géophytes et des thérophytes dominent dans les prairies tandis que les phanérophytes sont dominants dans les lisières. La zoochorie et l’anémochorie constituent les modes de dissémination les plus rencontrés au sein de la flore étudiée.
Mots clés :clairière intraforestière, flore, groupements végétaux, phytosociologie, Gabon.
Abstract
The study of the flora and the vegetation of the swampy clearings on hydromorphic soils were realized in the National Park of Ivindo in north-eastern of Gabon. The phytosociological method of Braun-Blanquet was adopted for the realization of the relevés within the two principal vegetation type which form this biotope: the central meadow and the edge which girdles it. 133 relevés made it possible to count 229 species divided into 175 genera and 72 families. The matrices made starting from these relevés and of these species were analyzed by the method Ind Val; DCA made it possible to obtain groupings; CCA made it possible to evaluate the environmental link between parameter and the vegetation. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) follow-up of the tests post hoc of Bonferonni made it possible to see whether the values measured within the various groups are different.
The flora is dominated by Cyperaceae, Rubiaceae and Leguminosae-Caesalpinoideae. Five species, Fuirena stricta subsp stricta, Pycreus subtrigonus, Pycreus mundtii, Rhynchospora perrieri and Leptochloa coerulescens are announced for the first time to Gabon.
Eight associations are described: 5 for the meadows and 3 on the level of the edges. Four of the associations of the meadows (the pelophyte semi-aquatic association with Costus afer and Centotheca lappacea; the helophyte semi-aquatic association with Pycreus mundtii and Pycreus subtrigonus; the pelophyte semi-aquatic association with Virectaria multiflora and Kyllinga pumila; the nitrophyte association with Tristemma leiocalyx and Bacopa crenata) belong to the class of Phragmitetea while the last (the aquatic association with Schoenoplectus mucronatus and Nymphaea heudelotii) is belong to the class of Potametea .
Two of the associations of edges (the pelophyte pre-forester association with Ludwigia africana and Nephrolepis bisserata; the hygrophyte association of the marshy forests with Anthocleista schweinfurthii and Uapaca guineensis) belong to the class of Mitragynetea and the third (the nitrophyte marshy pre-forester association with Leptochloa coerulescens and Echinochloa indica) to Phragmitetea.
The hydro-morphology and the depth of the mud as well as the animal frequentation constitute the environmental variables which influence the occurrence of these associations within the meadows, whereas they do not have any effect on the association edge.
The species richness varies from 62 to 164 for the association edge while within the meadows it varies from 35 to 63. The average indices of diversity for the whole of the associations of the clearings are 4.4 ± 0.5 (Shannon), 0.07 ± 0.03 (Simpson) while Piélou’s evenness is 0.78 ± 0.05.
The flora is not uniquely linked with the clearings of Gabon, although, on the phytogeographical level, the guineo-congolian endemics are dominant on the level of the edges whereas in fact the species with broad distributions prevail in the meadows. The analysis of the biological types shows the preponderance of the geophytes and the therophytes for the meadows while the edges are largely dominated by phanérophytes. The zoochory and the anemochory constitute the modes of dissemination most met within the studied flora.
Key words: Swampy clearings on hydromorphic soils, flora, association, phytosociology, forest clearings, Gabon.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Lhoutellier, Louise. "Les ressorts et effets de la participation locale à la conservation de la nature (Madagascar) : éthnographie des pratiques de leadership dans les projets de développement associés." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100180.
Full textIn the surrounding area of the Ranomafana National Park (Madagascar), the projects implemented by NGOs that primarily deal with nature conservation and development increasingly value debates and the fact that the views of the different actors involved are confronted prior to political decisions. New places officially dedicated to local participation are created, in particular in the regional capital located at 50 km from the Park, making possible the encounter between NGO employees and representatives of the forestry administration and of local people. This study analyses the mediation carried out by leaders between different places of participation, with a particular focus on the cultural and linguistic interaction modes associated with local ways of exercising power. Because they change the access to resources, projects may question the established social statuses: villagers perceive them as a potential cause of conflict, and consequently contrary to the fihavanana rule, a value based on mutual aid among co-residents. In front of the difficulty to give rise to a large mobilisation for projects, the leaders try to gain the villagers’s confidence by translating the project into the language of the village. Leaders are urban people who came back to the village, and take advantage of the skills acquired in the cities for their task of mediation between the village and the projects. They use formal verbal interaction patterns, and redistribute aid to active members that they make responsible for being in charge of the projects and their functioning
Savage, Jos??e. "Changements temporels de v??g??tation sur quatre d??cennies le long d'un gradient altitudinal: Effets du r??chauffement climatique." Mémoire, Universit?? de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/124.
Full textDia, Mabaye. "Développement rural durable en milieu sahélien, problématique de la conservation des zones humides en Mauritanie, l'exemple du parc national du Diawling et sa zone périphérique." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0016/NQ48975.pdf.
Full textRwanyiziri, Gaspard. "Géopolitique de l'environnement au Rwanda : pour une gouvernance participative des espaces protégés." Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00449865.
Full textLauginie, Francis René. "Problemes lies a la conservation de la grande faune en afrique : l'exemple des grands mammiferes du parc national de la comoe (cote d'ivoire). approche populationnelle et genetique." Orléans, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ORLE2071.
Full textAngélibert, Sandrine. "Etude des mares du parc Naturel Régional des Causses du Quercy : fonctionnement, biodiversité et connectivité inter-mares. Propositions pour l'entretien et la sauvegarde." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00259814.
Full textL'évolution naturelle des mares conduit à leur atterrissement et une étude comparative de trois mares à différents stades de comblement a montré l'évolution des paramètres abiotiques (température, concentration en oxygène dissous...) en fonction du niveau de comblement. Parallèlement, les mares varient en terme de richesse spécifique de la faune et de la flore. Chaque stade de comblement abrite une faune particulière et participe à la biodiversité globale de ces milieux et même de l'écosystème caussenard dans son ensemble.
Pour analyser ces milieux à une échelle supérieure, des échantillons ont été récoltés sur trente mares afin d'étudier les facteurs affectant la distribution de la faune dans un réseau de mares. Nous avons identifié 230 espèces d'invertébrés et 6 espèces de vertébrés. Les résultats ainsi obtenus ne permettent pas de dresser une typologie des mares ni de dégager des peuplements caractéristiques ou de réaliser une classification ascendante de ces milieux. Les mares entourées d'une matrice terrestre sont assimilables à des îles pour la faune aquatique.
C'est pourquoi nous avons choisi d'étudier plus précisément la distribution de cinq groupes ayant des capacités de dispersion différentes : Odonates, Coléoptères, Amphibiens, Mollusques et Oligochètes. La surface des mares affecte la distribution des Odonates. Le pourcentage de forêt autour des mares influence la distribution des
Amphibiens. Pour les Mollusques et les Oligochètes, les animaux à dispersion passive, les résultats indiquent que la distribution des espèces est similaire à une distribution au hasard. Pour les Coléoptères, la distribution des espèces n'est pas due au hasard mais nous n'avons pas pu mettre en évidence les facteurs explicatifs de cette distribution.
Nous avons utilisé la méthode de capture-marquage-recapture pour estimer le degré de lien de trois populations en patch d'Odonates. Nous avons montré que trois facteurs influencent la dispersion des Odonates : des facteurs abiotiques (conditions météorologiques), des différences inter spécifique (sensibilité aux conditions météorologiques, taille et comportement des espèces), des différences intra spécifiques (âge et sexe).
Ces travaux mettent en évidence le rôle des mares au niveau de la biodiversité, le rôle du réseau de mares et de l'évolution temporelle des paramètres dans le maintien de cette biodiversité. Les différents résultats obtenus sont discutés en vue de proposer une méthode de gestion rationnelle et durable de ces milieux.
Jiagho, Evaliste Rémi. "Flore et végétation ligneuse à la périphérie du Parc National de Waza (Cameroun) : Dynamiques et implications pour une meilleure gestion." Thesis, Le Mans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LEMA3001/document.
Full textEnvironmental restoration development facilities require knowledge of biodiversity (especially of vegetation. In addition, conservation remains a major challenge, hence the need to find new solutions. The current study aims at analyzing the dynamics of flora and timber trees surrounding the Waza National Park and consolidating lessons to improve conservation and sustainable management of timber resources. The methodology used is a combination of botanical and geographical approaches. Three landscape units characterize the WNP and its peripheral zone: savanna grassland, shrub savanna and wooded savanna. Flora and vegetation characteristics are different in the three landscape units. Floristic inventory identified 52 woody species. The mean absolute density of the whole zone is 81 individuals / ha. This density decreases with a decreasing gradient, from outside the park to inside. This gradient depends on the human pressure gradient which also decreases from the external to the internal park area, except when the gradient is reversed by certain factors such as cattle intrusion. The vertical structure shows that the least represented stems are stems for future planting and regeneration stems, with a very large difference from other stems. Regarding temporal dynamics, there is a regression of woody/timber vegetation cover. Each year, 478 ha of this cover disappear and 319 ha of soil degrade. To cope with the observed changes that are of anthropic, natural, bioecological or politico-institutional origin, management options have been proposed among which: zoning, implementation of a REDD + project, restoration land degraded, participatory management and eco-development
Diouf, Abdoulaye. "Influence du régime des feux d'aménagement sur la structure ligneuse des savanes nord-soudaniennes dans le Parc du W, Sud Ouest Niger." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209610.
Full texténigmes de l'écologie des plantes. Les origines du difficile équilibre entre ces formes de vie
sur des dizaines de millions de kilomètres carrés à l'échelle mondiale sont en partie attribuées
aux perturbations fréquentes induites par les feux de végétation dont les effets varient dans
l'espace et dans le temps selon les conditions environnementales. Les résultats de recherche
dépendent de l’échelle et les conclusions tirées d’études locales sont rarement transposables à
d’autres échelles. La question du transfert d'échelle s’avère donc cruciale dans l'étude des
effets du feu, et nécessite une approche transdisciplinaire.
En raison de la variété des échelles couvertes, cette étude constitue une première dans la
confrontation de données sur l’historique des feux dérivé de l'imagerie satellitaire à des
données de terrain incluant des mesures détaillées sur la structure et la composition de
végétation, ainsi que des propriétés édaphiques et topographiques. Elle s’est focalisée sur la
composante ligneuse de par son caractère pérenne et son influence sur les processus
écologiques majeurs. Sur une zone de plus de 2000 km², le Parc National du W du Niger
(PNWN), où le feu est utilisé comme outil pour la gestion et la conservation des écosystèmes
semi-arides, une carte de l'historique des feux a été élaborée à partir d'images MODIS de 250
m de résolution spatiale et de résolution temporelle journalière couvrant une période de sept
années (2002-2009). Pour comprendre la variabilité, à la fois dans l'espace et le temps, de la
propagation du feu dans la végétation, nous avons étudié les caractéristiques de distribution
des feux en termes de régime du feu (i.e. période d'occurrence et fréquence) et de structure
spatiale (métriques paysagères). Les relations causales plausibles entre les régimes du feu, les
conditions édaphiques et topographiques à l'échelle régionale comme locale, et les
caractéristiques de la végétation ligneuse (composition et structure) ont été examinées à
travers des analyses multivariées et des modèles d'équations structurales. Nous avons aussi
examiné plus en détails les stratégies adaptatives mises en oeuvre par les ligneux, et les
interactions biologiques qui sous-tendent l'organisation spatiale des ligneux à travers une
approche des processus ponctuels.
Les résultats montrent que l'activité du feu dans le PNWN se caractérise par une hétérogénéité
spatio-temporelle induite principalement par les conditions édapho-topographiques via la
structure de la végétation ligneuse. Les feux précoces de gestion créent des pare-feux
efficaces, limitant une large extension des feux de saison tardifs. Cependant, ces feux tardifs
pourraient ne pas être aussi destructifs comme qu’on le suppose généralement. En effet,
l'adaptation des espèces aux différents régimes defeu correspond à des stratégies de croissance
contrastées. Dans le cas des feux tardifs, les surfaces terrières et hauteurs moyennes les plus
fortes sont rencontrées, permettant aux arbres de résister au feu. Quant aux zones non
affectées par les feux l'analyse "patron-processus" désigne clairement la facilitation entre
ligneux comme un processus fondamental de l'organisation spatiale périodique du couvert, une
structure émergente qui empêche le passage du feu. Bien qu’ils ne se substituent pas aux
études expérimentales, ces résultats basés sur une expérimentation naturelle à large échelle
apportent des informations nouvelles précieuses tant au niveau fondamental que pour la mise
en place d'une gestion raisonnée du PNWN.
The tree-grass equilibrium in tropical savanna is recognized as one of plant ecology's main
conundrums. The origins of the difficult balance between these life forms over tens of millions
of square kilometers worldwide are in part attributed to the frequent disturbances caused by
vegetation fires effects of which vary in space and time depending on local environmental
factors. Research results are scale-dependent and findings from local studies are rarely
transposable to higher levels of ecosystem organization. The question of scaling (scale
transfer) is therefore crucial in the study of fire effects, and requires a multidisciplinary
approach.
Because of the variety of scales covered, this study is a premiere in the confrontation of
satellite-imagery derived fire history data with detailed field data including measurements of
vegetation parameters (structure and composition), as well as soil and topographic properties.
The study focuses on the woody component, because of its perennial character and its
influence on major ecological processes. On an area of more than 2000 km², the W National
Park of Niger (WNPN) where fire is used as a tool for the management and conservation of
semi-arid ecosystems, a fire history map was elaborated from MODIS images with a 250 m
spatial resolution and a daily temporal resolution over a period of seven years (2002-2009). To
understand the variability, both in space and time, of fire propagation in vegetation, we studied
the fire distribution characteristics in terms of fire regime (i.e. timing and frequency) and
spatial structure (landscape metrics). Plausible causal relationships at regional and local scales
between fire regimes, edaphic and topographic conditions, and the woody vegetation
(composition and structure) characteristics were examined through multivariate analyses and
structural equations models. We also examined in detail the woody species adaptive strategies
as well biological interactions, which underlie their spatial organization, using point statistics.
Results show that the WNPN fire's activity is characterized by spatial and temporal
heterogeneity induced mainly by edaphic and topographic conditions via the structure of the
ligneous component. Prescribed early season fires create effective firewalls, limiting wide late
season fires. However, these late fires might not be as destructive as is commonly assumed.
Indeed, species adaptation to different fire regimes corresponds to contrasting growth
strategies. In the case of late fires, increased basal areas and mean tree heights were
encountered, enabling trees to resist fire and escape flames. As for the unburned areas, the
"pattern-process" analysis clearly indicates that facilitation between shrubs is a fundamental
process determining the woody cover periodic spatial organization, an emergent structure that
prevents fire spread.
Although they do not replace experimental studies, these results based on a large-scale natural
experiment provide valuable new information both on a fundamental level and for setting up
the rational management of the WNPN.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Hanon, Laurence. "Potentialités de gestion concertée des espaces de végétation naturelle en périphérie du parc national de Zakouma (Tchad)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210383.
Full textI. Actuellement, en Afrique sub-saharienne, les acteurs de la conservation considèrent que la
survie à long terme de la faune sauvage ne peut être assurée que par le maintien de son habitat
en dehors des aires de conservation intégrale. Dans cette optique, les projets de conservation
tentent de préserver des étendues de végétation naturelle au sein de « zones tampons » ou de
« corridors de migration » dans la périphérie des aires protégées. Cette thèse s’est intéressée aux possibilités de conserver de tels espaces en concertation avec les populations riveraines du parc national de Zakouma, une aire protégée du Sud-est du Tchad. Notre objectif a été de rechercher des solutions aux problèmes que rencontrent généralement les aménagistes dans cette action. Notre hypothèse est que l’aménagement des périphéries d’aires protégées doit s’appuyer sur une meilleure identification des déterminants locaux de l’exploitation des espaces de végétation naturelle, et que leur analyse doit s’appuyer sur une approche spatiale.
II. Plusieurs étapes de recherches ont permis d’alimenter notre réflexion :
Une première phase de terrain a été tout d’abord été menée à Am Choka, un village représentatif de la zone la plus densément peuplée de la périphérie est du PNZ. Les objectifs visés étaient i.) d’une part, de déterminer les activités humaines affectant le plus le paysage
végétal naturel de la périphérie du parc, et donc susceptibles d’annihiler son rôle de « zone
tampon », et ii) d’autre part, d’identifier les savoir-faire et les facteurs socioéconomiques et
politiques qui régissent l’exploitation des espaces de végétation naturelle. Outre l’observation participante au village, des cartographies fines du terroir et des zones d’exploitation, ainsi que des entretiens semi-structurés ont été réalisés sur le terrain.
La seconde phase de recherche a été consacrée à la réalisation d’un outil cartographique dans
le but (i) d’évaluer l’état de la zone périphérique en terme de répartition et d’occupation relative des diverses formations végétales naturelles par rapport à l’emprise agricole, et ii.) d’en déduire les zones de la périphérie les plus susceptibles de faire l’objet d’un processus de gestion des espaces de végétation naturelle. A cet effet, quatre images satellites récentes ont été acquises. Les opérations de terrain ont donné lieu à 234 relevés sur ligneux et 2440 relevés qualitatifs d’autres types d’occupation du sol. Ces relevés ont été utilisés pour l’interprétation des scènes satellites en unités cartographiques.
La troisième phase de recherche a porté sur une analyse du dispositif d’aménagement récemment proposé pour la zone périphérique du PNZ par le projet gestionnaire du parc. Notre objectif était de mettre en évidence, les modalités réelles de prise en compte de l’organisation locale de l’exploitation ou de la gestion des espaces de végétation naturelle, et de les confronter avec les connaissances acquises lors de la première phase de recherche.
III. La recherche aboutit aux résultats suivants :
Les populations rurales ont une bonne connaissance du milieu physique et utilisent une
typologie qui leur permet de localiser les différentes composantes de leur terroir et de leur
finage, et d’en évaluer le potentiel.
La défriche des espaces de végétation naturelle à des fins agricoles est régie par des instances
coutumières villageoises et cantonale qui exercent un fort pouvoir en matière de gestion du
foncier et de planifications agricoles.
La culture du sorgho repiqué (berbéré - Sorghum bicolor) constitue la principale source de
réduction des espaces de végétation naturelle. Elle modifie le paysage sur de grandes portions
de territoire car sa mise en place nécessite un essartage intégral des savanes à Acacia seyal.
L’accès et l’usage des espaces de végétation naturelle pour la collecte de produits forestiers
ligneux et non-ligneux sont libres et non liés à la propriété foncière. L’exploitation de ces
produits n’entraîne pas de coupe à blanc mais les contraintes d’exploitation conditionne l’étendue spatiale du finage autour d’un village donné. Certaines zones du finage sont cependant l’objet de bornages fonciers en vue de projets agricoles à plus ou moins long terme. Les travaux cartographiques ont abouti à l’appréciation de l’étendue et de répartition des formations végétales naturelles. Le sorgho de décrue occupe un peu moins de 5% de la totalité de la superficie de zone périphérique. Les zones de cultures sont concentrées pour l’essentiel à
l’est et au nord de l’aire protégée. Un dixième de la superficie d’origine des savanes à Acacia
seyal a déjà été exploité à des fins agricoles. Cette carte peut être exploitée pour localiser les
zones d’enjeux entre conservation et développement économique. Cet exercice permet de
reconsidérer la délimitation en zones de protection de la périphérie.
Dans sa formulation, le « plan de gestion » témoigne largement d’une volonté d’associer les
populations riveraines à l’aménagement de la périphérie du parc. Cette collaboration sera
certainement entravée par l’absence de compensation en contrepartie de la limitation du
développement agricole au profit de l’habitat de la faune sauvage. Par contre, elle pourrait
être favorisée si le zonage proposé correspondait aux limites des terroirs et des finages. Un
préliminaire à tout processus de gestion concertée des espaces de végétation naturelle est aussi l’identification des décideurs qui ont autorité sur ces espaces. L’étude débouche sur suggestions permettant aux aménagistes leurs permettant d’atteindre leurs objectifs de conservation de la faune et de son habitat en concertation avec les populations riveraines. Ces recommandations peuvent certainement être adaptées à d’autres contextes d’aménagement des périphéries d’aires protégées.
ABSTRACT
I. Nowadays, in Sub-Saharan Africa, conservation actors believe that the long-term survival
of wild animals can be ensured only through the maintenance of their habitat outside areas of
total conservation. Accordingly, conservation projects seek to preserve areas of natural
vegetation in “buffer zones” or “migration corridors” on the periphery of protected areas.
The present doctoral thesis studies the possibilities of conservating such areas in concertation
with the populations living around Zakouma National Park (ZNP), a protected area in southeast
Chad. Our aim has been to find solutions to the problems generally encountered by forest
managers working towards this goal. Our hypothesis is that the management of surroundings
of protected areas must be grounded on a better identification of the local factors determining
the exploitation of natural vegetation areas, and that any analysis must be based on a spatial
approach.
II. Several steps in the research provided grounds for reflection:
As a first phase, a survey was conducted in Am Choka, a village representative of the most
densely populated zone of the eastern periphery of ZNP. The objectives were (i) to determine
which human activities most affect the natural vegetal landscape of the periphery of the park
and hence are likely to annul its role of “buffer zone”, and (ii) to identify which know-how
and socio-economic or political factors govern the exploitation of natural vegetation areas. In
addition to participatory observation in the village, detailed maps were made of the ‘terroir’
and the ‘finage’ (the total area exploited by a village), and semi-structured interviews were
conducted on the spot.
The second phase of research was dedicated to the creation of a cartographic tool with the
intention of (i) assessing the state of the peripheral zone in terms of where and to what extent
the natural vegetal formations are situated in comparison with the land under cultivation, and
(ii) pinpointing the peripheral zones best suited to a process of management of natural
vegetation areas. To that end, four recent satellite pictures were acquired. Operations on the
ground yielded 234 plottings over wood stands and 2 440 qualitative plottings of other types
of land occupation. These plottings were used to convert the satellite images into cartographic
units.
The third phase of research was concerned with an analysis of the management mechanism
recently proposed for the peripheral zone of ZNP by the park management project. Our aim
was to bring to the fore the actual methods by which the local organisation of exploitation or
management of the natural vegetation areas is taken into account and to compare them with
the knowledge acquired under the first phase of research.
III. The research produced the following results:
The rural populations have a good knowledge of the physical environment and use a typology
which enables them to localise the different components of the terroir and of the finage, and
to assess their potential.
The clearing of areas of natural vegetation for agricultural purposes is governed by traditional
village or canton authorities, which exert a powerful influence over land management and
agricultural planning.
The cultivation of transplanted sorghum (berbéré - Sorghum bicolor) is the main source of
reduction of areas with natural vegetation. It modifies the landscape over large swathes of
territory inasmuch as this cultivation method leads to a total clearing of the Acacia seyal
savannas. Access to and use of areas of natural vegetation for collecting wood and non-wood forest
products are free and not linked to land ownership. Exploiting these products does not lead to clear-cutting of the forest, but the constraints of exploitation influence the spatial extent of the finage around a given village. Some zones of finage are nevertheless subjected to land
boundary markings when agricultural projects are planned in the shorter or longer term.
The cartographic findings led to an assessment of the area covered by, and the distribution of,
natural vegetal formations. Flood-irrigated sorghum occupies just under 5% of the total area
of the periphery. The cultivation zones are mostly concentrated east and north of the protected area. One tenth of the original area of Acacia seyal savannas has already been exploited for agriculture. The map can also be used to identify areas caught between conservation and
economic development. This exercise makes its possible to reconsider the delimitation of the
periphery into protection zones. In its formulation, the “management plan” largely reveals the will to involve local populations
in the management of the periphery of the park. This collaboration will certainly be hampered
by the absence of compensation to offset any limitation of agricultural development to the
benefit of the wild animal habitat. It could, however, be promoted if the proposed zoning were
to correspond to the limits of the terroirs and finages. A preliminary to any process of
concerted management of the areas of natural vegetation would also be to identify the
decision-makers who have authority over these expanses. The present study throws up suggestions as to how forest managers might attain their
objectives for the conservation of fauna and their habitat in concertation with the local
populations. These recommendations can certainly also be extrapolated to other contexts of
management of the peripheries of protected areas.
Doctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Bitome, Essono Paul Yannick. "Identification, écologie et utilisation des diptères hématophages (glossine, stomoxe et tabanide) comme moyen d'échantillonnage non-invasif de la faune sauvage dans quatre parcs du Gabon." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOS048/document.
Full textThe contact between human and wild fauna has considerably increased during these last decades due to the increase of human population size but also to conservation policies. As a consequence, the number of zoonotic diseases soared with a mean of six new infectious diseases per year, 75% of whom being vectorially transmitted. The way to avoid the human contamination by these emergent diseases is based on the efficient vector control resulting from a deep knowledge of the ecology and the feeding behavior of the different vector species. During our work, we have identified and characterized the ecology of 6 tsetse species (Glossina palpalis palpalis, G. fuscipes fuscipes, G. fusca congolense, G. pallicera newsteadi, G. caliginea and G. tabaniformis) that live in forests and 6 stomoxe species (Stomoxys calcitrans, S. inornatus, S. niger niger, S. niger bilineatus, S. omega omega and S. transvittatus) that live in and around (anthropized places) conservation areas. We have also identified 6 tabanid species (Ancala sp., Atylotus sp., Chrysops sp., Haematopota sp., Tabanus par and T. taeniola). The feeding ecology of the tsetse species have been studied through the determination of host extracted from blood meals in the insect caught with molecular techniques. These hematophagous insects had a diversified diet that was constituted of diverse mammal species but also reptiles and birds. The food intake results mostly from wild fauna (86%) and more rarely from humans (14%). However, in anthropised habitats (villages and research’s camps within the parks), the blood intakes from human origin were important, in particular in the villages (100%), suggesting that without wild fauna the flies shift on human host. In the last part of our work, we tried to identify pathogens in the blood samples extracted from the tsetse species in order to test whether these species could be used as living sampling syringe of the wild fauna. This new proposed non-invasive sampling techniques allowed to detect the DNA of various infectious agents (plasmodiums and trypanosomes), but failed to detect the RNA of viruses (arbovirus) suggesting that this approach could be useful but need to be improved
Le, Ster Amélie. "Les Réserves de Biosphère (RB) et leurs contributions à la conservation de la nature et au développement territorial durable. Regards croisés à partir de la RB Yungas en Argentine, de la RB de la Mata Atlântica au Brésil et de la RB Luberon-Lure en France." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10232.
Full textBiosphere Reserves (BRs) are specifically protected areas. Those areas are defined by the UNESCO. BRs aim at reconciling environmental concern with human activities, while promoting a sustainable territorial development. They associate protected and non-protected places. The BR model also spread in more than 120 countries. The BRs are focused on a couple of principles, including participation, dialogue, collaboration and social apprenticeship of varied public and private players. But BRs are not uniform models. Studying three BRs from Argentina (Yungas), Brazil (Mata Atlântica) and France (Luberon-Lure) revealed field differences and also varied ways of organization and action at a local scale. Our study is based on in-depth field experience, interviews with local authorities, corporate people as well as local people, and analyze of technical and official documentation. The three examples of BRs show how diverse actions can be implemented to preserve nature. But the involvement of local population proved to be quite irregular. BRs don’t really prove to be clearly defined executive authorities leading tangible actions. Instead BRs mostly reveal as often ill-formalized places of dialogue. But the coordination of varied players, including some being external to the BR, makes it possible to drive collective actions. Those actions help to develop the territory. Our study highlights contributions, good practice, but also limits about the implementation of BR. Beyond their mission of nature protection, the contribution of the BRs to a sustainable territorial development policy would deserve to be expanded and reinforced
Witkowski, Jennifer. "Finding Yosemite : a reflection on conservation /." Online version of thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/5715.
Full textObua, Joseph. "Conservation and ecotourism in Kibale National Park, Uganda." Thesis, Bangor University, 1996. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/conservation-and-ecotourism-in-kibale-national-park-uganda(ce67e440-b48d-455e-a20b-0d7ccb8cb084).html.
Full textAverbeck, Christiane. "Population ecology of impala (Aepyceros melampus) and community based wildlife conservation in Uganda." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=964072017.
Full textLo, Yuk-fan Miranda. "Nature reserve park Hong Kong." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25951178.
Full textBaker, Julia Elizabeth. "Evaluating conservation policy : integrated conservation and development in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda." Thesis, University of Kent, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418583.
Full textByaruhanga, Michael B. "CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT: BWINDI IMPENETRABLE NATIONAL PARK." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Geography, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-2270.
Full text‘In the past they have been seen as islands of protection in an ocean of destruction. We need to learn to look at them as the building blocks of biodiversity in an ocean of sustainable human development , with their benefits extending far beyond their physical boundaries’ Achim Steiner, IUCN director 2003 in (Adams 2004) referring to the management of national parks. Community conservation as an approach to conservation of wildlife was adopted by many African countries as a means of involving local communities participate in decision making and management of protected areas. This was thought be beneficial for both the development of local communities and general development of rural areas while protecting wildlife after the failure of the exclusionist policy. This thesis explores the concept of community conservation focusing on participation and involvement in conservation and tourism by the local communities in and around Bwindi impenetrable national park in south western Uganda. It assesses whether the principles that guide the application of community conservation to wildlife management have been followed and the forms of participation that the communities are involved in. It further explores the different ways through which communities living in and around the national park have benefited from participating in both tourism and conservation. Lastly the study examines whether there exists conflicts, the causes of those conflicts and how these conflicts affect the relationship between the local communities and the national park authorities.
The theory that informs this study follows alternative development theory and the concept of community conservation. Alternative development focuses on empowering people to take charge of their own development both in decision making and implementation focusing on the role non governmental organizations play. Community conservation emphasises the involvement of communities living around protected areas to participate in both decision making and management of protected areas. Participation in decision making is aimed at empowering people take charge in the management of resources where benefits (economic) are shared amongst the different stakeholders in both conservation and tourism.
A qualitative mode of inquiry is used to collect data that informs this research. Data was collected using formal interviews, informal interviews, observation, questionnaire, life stories and document review. Findings reveal that, communities living in the villages around the national park have been involved in different projects and programmes aimed at conservation and development. It further reveals that there have been benefits accruing from participation delivered through the work of conservation organizations. Despite the benefits, people still feel they deserve more than they are at present getting from the national park. Conflicts between the national park authorities and the local communities exist but these are not at a scale big enough to affect their relationship. Generally this research found out that when community conservation is well implemented with the involvement of local communities, it provides benefits to those communities through tourism, minimises conflict and ends up making the people own the projects targeting wildlife conservation.
Alvira, Reyes Diana Carolina. "Conservation implications of livelihood and park interactions." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0024384.
Full textAstaras, Christos. "Ecology and status of the drill (Mandrillus leucophaeus) in Korup National Park, Southwest Cameroon implications for conservation." Göttingen Optimus Mostafa, 2009. http://d-nb.info/995536481/04.
Full textLodhi, Asad. "Conservation of leopards in Ayubia National Park, Pakistan." Connect to this title online, 2007. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-05172007-111437/.
Full textTitle from PDF title page (viewed on Aug. 12, 2007). Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-70).
Paudel, Naya Sharma. "Conservation and livelihoods : exploration of local responses to conservation interventions in Royal Chitwan National Park, Nepal." Thesis, University of Reading, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424987.
Full textPrice, Kerry. "Contested space : the construction of wilderness and the rights of indigenous Australians /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envp945.pdf.
Full textMap 5 is folded and in pocket inside back cover. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 95-105).
Whande, Webster. "Framing Biodiversity Conservation Discourses in South Africa: Emerging Realities and Conflicting Agendas within the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Conservation Area." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2711_1280955745.
Full textThis dissertation explores local people's framing of externally driven biodiversity conservation approaches in the context of transfrontier conservation initiatives. It uses data from the Madimbo corridor, a specific locality within the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Conservation Area, situated to the northeast of South Africa along the South Africa-Zimbabwe boundary. It shows that livelihoods, historical experiences with external interventions and exclusion from policy-making processes and programme implementation influence local strategies for engaging with external interventions. Thus, an analysis of framing of external interventions at a local level should establish the following: the role of natural resources in sustaining local livelihoods
local historical experiences with an external intervention
iii) the nature of multi-level actor interactions from local resource dependent people, to national, regional and global actors involved in or affected by an intervention. The study uses a detailed case study of Bennde Mutale village to trace local people&rsquo
s ideas, ways of speaking and actions in response to the implementation of a large-scale transfrontier conservation initiative. The study finds that local livelihoods play a central role in local responses to the changes that transfrontier conservation bring upon people's lives. Many see further exclusion, while some also see and hope for a restoration of the socio-cultural border region. The globally significant biodiversity - to be conserved for &lsquo
future generations&rsquo
&ndash
at the same time constitutes the natural resources that sustain local people&rsquo
s livelihoods. Further, local livelihoods are more diverse than is commonly acknowledged in literature advocating for transfrontier conservation. This lack of acknowledgement of local diversification contributes to the main observation made in this study: that current processes of transfrontier conservation end up replicating and re-inventing the multiple forms of exclusion that have characterised state conservation practices for over a century. While transfrontier conservation enables the freer movement of wildlife, it in fact further constrains the movements of people whose mobility within less closely controlled border regions remains centrally important to survival. At the same time, state actors come into the area with contradicting and conflicting demands ranging from the beneficial advocacy role for land rights to the enforcement of conservation through fences and game rangers, experienced as a direct infringement on livelihood possibilities. The study concludes that there is a need to rethink transfrontier conservation interventions. The diversity of local livelihood approaches needs to be considered more centrally and clearer understanding needs to be developed of how the promises of opportunities, betterment of lives and increased human mobility actually unfold in practice. In order to succeed and deliver on site - not only to high-class tourists seeking to view unique biodiversity but to local people - transfrontier conservation efforts need to engage multiple actors directly from the ground up and throughout the process of policy-making, programme conceptualisation and implementation.
Curtayne, Carmen. "Conservation discourses related to natural resource use : local communities and Kruger National Park conservation officers Mpumalanga Province, South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6534.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: There is a shift by conservation authorities in post-apartheid South Africa away from management strategies based on law enforcement towards strategies aimed at facilitating local community participation in the management of natural resources. South African National Parks has established community forums in order to facilitate better communication with the communities neighbouring it parks, especially around issues of natural resource consumption. However, at its largest Park, the Kruger National Park, a pervasive miscommunication between the Park and the communities appears to exist despite the ongoing activities of its forums. This study attempted to identify what miscommunication, if any, was occurring between three groups of participants in the Conservation Discourse related to the Kruger National Park environment. The participants were (i) South African National Parks (SANParks) conservation managers, (ii) Kruger Park community outreach officials, and, (iii) members of local communities settled on the borders of the Kruger Park. Specifically, the study was interested in how different perceptions of various participants, who also represent different cultural communities, were foregrounded in relation to different communicative goals. It is suggested that an understanding of where the different Discourses diverge can help identify where possible misunderstandings are occurring which may be resulting in communicative problems. My primary research questions were: (1) how do different communities of practice take part in and construct Conservation Discourse related to the Kruger Parks conservation goals, in particular, those related to the use of natural resources; and, (2) how do members of at least three interest groups construct their own identities in relation to conservation matters in the course of various discursive events where SANParks conservation programmes, particularly those related to the use of natural resources, are topicalised. My assumption was that the Parks conservation officers would have a common Conservation Discourse, and that the local communities would have a common discourse but one which deviates entirely from that of the Parks. From 23 September 2008, I conducted three semi-structured interviews with the Parks conservation officers, I was an observer of a Park departmental meeting as well as a Park Forum, and I conducted a focus group with eight members from one of the local communities. This approach enabled me to collect data from a number of different types of communicative events in order to collate a multidimensional picture of the complete Discourse on Conservation. A number of different Conservation Discourses were identified, some of which present significant discrepancies, and which, as in the case of the two of the departments, may be contributing towards what appears to be a serious breakdown in communication. The communities show that while they are supportive of the populist concept of nature conservation, they are completely unaware of the Parks conservation policies. This lack of awareness indicates a failure of the existing communication between the Park and its neighbouring communities despite the Park Forums having been set-up. Finally, the different discourses also appear to be resulting in misunderstandings and feelings of animosity between the different participants.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In post-apartheid Suid-Afrika beweeg bewaringsliggame weg van bestuurstrategieë wat op wetstoepassing gebaseer is, na strategieë wat daarop gemik is om die plaaslike gemeenskap se deelname in die bestuur van natuurlike hulpbronne, te fasiliteer. Suid-Afrikaanse Nasionale Parke het gemeenskapsforums in die lewe geroep om beter kommunikasie met die gemeenskappe wat aan sy parke grens, te bewerkstellig, veral rakende kwessies rondom die verbruik van natuurlike hulpbronne. By die grootse Park, te wete die Kruger Nasionale Wildtuin, kom dit egter voor asof miskommunikasie endemies is tussen die Park en sy aangrensende inheemse gemeenskappe, ten spyte van die forums se aktiwiteite. Hierdie studie het nagegaan watter miskommunikasie, indien enige, tussen drie groepe deelnemers aan die Bewaringsdiskoerse rondom die Krugerpark, plaasgevind het. Die deelnemers was (i) Suid- Afrikaanse Nasionale Parke (SANParke)-bewaringsbestuurders, (ii) Krugerpark Gemeenskapsuitreikbeamptes, en (iii) lede van plaaslike gemeenskappe wat op die grense van Krugerpark gevestig is. Die studie het spesifiek gekyk na hoe verskillende persepsies van die onderskeie deelnemers, wat ook verskillende kulturele gemeenskappe verteenwoordig, in die diskoerse op die voorgrond geplaas is afhangende van verskillende kommunikatiewe doelwitte. Daar word voorgestel dat begrip van waar die verskillende diskoerse uiteenloop, kan help om te identifiseer waar moontlike misverstande wat tot kommunikasie-probleme lei, ontstaan. My primêre navorsingsvrae was: (1) hoe neem verskillende gemeenskappe wat rondom gedeelde praktyke gevestig is deel aan Bewaringsdiskoerse wat die Krugerpark se bewaringsoogmerke (en veral daardie oogmerke wat met die gebruik van natuurlik hulpbronne te make het) en hoe konstrueer hulle daardie Diskoerse; en (2) hoe konstrueer lede van ten minste drie belangegroepe hul eie identiteite vis à vis bewaringskwessies in die loop van verskeie diskursiewe gebeurtenisse waar SANParke se bewaringsprogramme, veral daardie wat met die gebruik van natuurlike hulpbronne te doen het, bespreek word. My aanname was dat die Park se bewaringsbeamptes 'n gemeenskaplike Bewaringsdiskoers sou hê, en dat die plaaslike gemeenskappe 'n gemeenskaplike Diskoers sou hê wat heeltemal van die Park s'n verskil. Ek het van 23 September 2008 drie semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude met die Park se bewaringsbeamptes gevoer, ek was 'n nie-deelnemende waarnemer by een van die Park se departementele vergaderings asook by 'n Park Forum, en ek het 'n fokusgroep met agt lede van een van die plaaslike gemeenskappe gelei. Hierdie benadering het my daartoe in staat gestel om data van verskeie tipes kommunikatiewe gebeurtenisse in te samel, om sodoende 'n multi-dimensionele beeld van die volledige Bewaringsdiskoers saam te stel. 'n Aantal verskillende Bewaringsdiskoerse is geïdentifiseer, waarvan party noemenswaardige diskrepansies toon en wat, soos in die geval van die twee departemente, moontlik bydra tot wat lyk na 'n ernstige breuk in kommunikasie. Die gemeenskappe toon dat, hoewel hulle die algemene konsep van natuurbewaring ondersteun, hulle heeltemal onbewus is van die Park se formele bewaringsbeleid. Hierdie gebrek aan 'n bepaalde soort bewussyn dui op mislukking van die bestaande kommunikasiestrukture tussen die Park en aangrensende gemeenskappe, ten spyte van die instelling van die Park Forums. Uiteindelik blyk dit dat die verskillende Diskoerse ook lei tot misverstande en gevoelens van vyandiggesindheid tussen die verskillende deelnemers.