Academic literature on the topic 'Parc national de Waza (Cameroon)'

Waza National Park, Cameroon, is representative of trends towards more participatory protected area management in Africa. It has no transition zone and interactions with the surrounding human population are complex. A recently adopted management plan allows experiments with limited consumptive use of natural resources, in exchange for people's collaboration. In order to determine which resources are desired and which resources are liabilities, people in the Park's vicinity were interviewed. Respondents' attitudes towards conservation were positive, motivated by both use and intrinsic values, and with reference to future generations. Attitudes were significantly related to locally perceived benefits. Respondents found most of the Park's resources useful but differences between user groups were significant. User groups also differed in their complaints about human-wildlife conflicts, but overall they considered the animals most important for tourism as the main nuisance. This case study shows that local aspirations cannot all be met, but indicates that limited outreach can improve existing public support for conservation measures.

Cette thèse traite des conflictuelles entre les Environnementalistes (Etat du Cameroun, Projet Waza-Logone, agents du parc, Ongs internationales) et les pasteurs semi-nomades mbororo au Parc National de Waza, en période d’urgence écologique. Ils ont lieu sur un même territoire où le triptyque conservation - protection - valorisation en termes d’activités pratiquées par les Environnementalistes croise le pastoralisme semi-nomade, la collecte des matériaux de construction et des produits alimentaires spécifiques aux Mbororo. Chaque activité induit des conflits de même nature. Comme objet d’étude, les conflits montrent l’ignorance réciproque des légitimités et intérêts qu’ont chaque groupe de protagoniste face à l’autre, à un premier niveau de l’étude. La progression du travail de recherche identifie les représentations de l’espace, comme les noyaux centraux de la pérennité des conflits. Elles font agir les personnes qui les produisent, sans qu’elles n’en soient conscientes. Ainsi chez les Environnementalistes, le territoire abritant le Parc National de Waza est une banque de la biodiversité génétique in situ, parce que toute la biodiversité y vit. Il est un produit commercial valorisé par le tourisme, car la délectation des paysages nécessite une contrepartie financière. C’est aussi un espace approprié par l’Etat du Cameroun, qui en est le propriétaire légal. Tandis que chez les Mbororo, on parle d’un espace exproprié à cause de l’expulsion orchestrée par les Environnementalistes, qui est un acte de dépossession du territoire ancestral. La plantation et le lieu de mémoire sont deux autres représentations, puisque le ravitaillement en produits floristiques, la connexion à leur être et à la nature se font encore sur ce territoire. Ayant pris la mesure des conflits et les limites constatées par rapport à leur résolution, les représentations de l’espace sont des éléments importants à cerner, pour arriver à une accalmie définitive. Celle-ci passe par la convergence des compétences née de l’association des Environnementalistes, des Mbororo et des chercheurs, dans l’élaboration des solutions pratiques adaptées aux contextes local et international, dans lesquels s’inscrivent ces conflits. Ce qui fait que par une anthropologie appliquée, nous préconisons la conjonction des intérêts écologiques et sociaux adaptés à ce cas précis
This thesis is focused on the conflictual relationships between the Environmentalists (State of Cameroon; Project Waza-Logone, parc agents, international NGOs) and the half-nomad pastors by the name of mbororo, to whom the same territory is an environnemental bank for the former and a social bank for the latter. This contribution goes from the protagonists, to question the conflicts, in order to encompass their producers that are the representations. Thus, out of ethnography and of the analysis, are created these main conflicts due to nomad pastoralism, to the collection of material of constructions, food products, and traditional therapists. This latter are brought about by a flagrant ignorance that faces the mbororo with the tryptic protection-conservation- valorization of the ecology holders. However, this situation makes that the level of coercition is confronted to the permanent violation of the norms to be upheld. By exploring the conflicts, the parc represents to the Environmentalists a bank of genetic biodiversity in situ; all the biodiversity stays there. It is a business product valuable by tourism, without omitting that there is also a space appropriated by the State of Cameroon, which is the legal owner of the space. On the mbororo side, it is about an expropriated space and the orchestrated expulsion by the Environmentalists is a vibrant proof. The plantation and the place of memory are two others representations, validated by the fact that they are refuelled in diverse products to meet their needs, then it is inside that space that the connection with their lives and nature is made. Having measured the conflicts and the visible limits as far as the solution is concerned, we argue about some hypothesis proper to engage the protagonists toward the new understanding of the respective stakes. At last, they are located at different registers, translated into practical propositions capable of allowing a truly co-management

Abstract Lion populations in West and Central Africa are small and fragmented. In areas where park management is weak, threats will likely facilitate the extinction of the lion. Wildlife management requires knowledge of the population estimate. The population of lions in Waza National Park (Waza NP) was assessed by individual identification of members in the population. The population was assessed to comprise of 14–21 adult individual lions. The age structure was skewed towards adults; cubs comprised 22% of all lions identified while the sex ratio was 1 : 3. Two out of four collared lions were lost to illegal, retaliatory killings within 1 year; and probably two more males and one more female were also killed during this period. The lion population appears to have declined during the last 5 years with six lions dying per year, which is at a much higher rate than observed in the previous decades. Human-livestock pressure has increased tremendously in this period, resulting to frequent human-lion conflicts. To ensure the survival of the lion in Waza NP and in the entire region, management needs to intensify efforts to mitigate the pressure from humans and their livestock.

La connaissance de la biodiversité surtout végétale est nécessaire à la base des aménagements nécessaires à la restauration de l'environnement. La présente étude a pour objectif d’analyser la dynamique de la flore et de la végétation ligneuse à la périphérie du Parc National de Waza et en tirer des enseignements pour améliorer la conservation et la gestion durable des ressources ligneuses de ce parc.La méthodologie est une combinaison des approches botaniques et géographiques. Trois unités paysagères caractérisent le PNW et sa zone périphérique : la savane herbeuse, la savane arbustive et la savane arborée. Les caractéristiques de la flore et de la végétation sont différentes dans les trois unités paysagères. L’inventaire floristique a permis de recenser un total de 52 espèces ligneuses. La densité absolue moyenne de toute la zone est de 81 individus / ha. Cette densité diminue suivant un gradient décroissant, de l’extérieur vers l’intérieur du parc, sauf dans le cas où certains facteurs comme l’intrusion du bétail dans le parc inverse ce gradient. La structure verticale montre que les tiges les moins représentées sont les tiges d’avenir et les tiges de régénération. Au niveau de la dynamique temporelle, on assiste à une régression du couvert végétal ligneux. Chaque année 478 ha de ce couvert disparaissent et 319 ha de sols se dégradent. Pour faire face aux changements observés qui sont d’origine anthropiques, naturels, bioécologiques ou politico-institutionnels, des options d’aménagement ont été proposées parmi lesquelles : le zonage, la mise en œuvre d’un projet REDD+, la restauration des terres, la gestion participative et l'écodéveloppement
Environmental restoration development facilities require knowledge of biodiversity (especially of vegetation. In addition, conservation remains a major challenge, hence the need to find new solutions. The current study aims at analyzing the dynamics of flora and timber trees surrounding the Waza National Park and consolidating lessons to improve conservation and sustainable management of timber resources. The methodology used is a combination of botanical and geographical approaches. Three landscape units characterize the WNP and its peripheral zone: savanna grassland, shrub savanna and wooded savanna. Flora and vegetation characteristics are different in the three landscape units. Floristic inventory identified 52 woody species. The mean absolute density of the whole zone is 81 individuals / ha. This density decreases with a decreasing gradient, from outside the park to inside. This gradient depends on the human pressure gradient which also decreases from the external to the internal park area, except when the gradient is reversed by certain factors such as cattle intrusion. The vertical structure shows that the least represented stems are stems for future planting and regeneration stems, with a very large difference from other stems. Regarding temporal dynamics, there is a regression of woody/timber vegetation cover. Each year, 478 ha of this cover disappear and 319 ha of soil degrade. To cope with the observed changes that are of anthropic, natural, bioecological or politico-institutional origin, management options have been proposed among which: zoning, implementation of a REDD + project, restoration land degraded, participatory management and eco-development