Relevant bibliographies by topics / Parc public

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Parc public'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Parc public"

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de Maizière, Thomas. "Vorwort Schirmherr Public Sector Parc/CeBIT 2014." Innovative Verwaltung 36, no. 3 (February 28, 2014): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s35114-014-0193-3.

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Rochot, Justine. "« Un parc à soi » : les parcs, territoires de la vieillesse en Chine urbaine contemporaine." Lien social et Politiques, no. 79 (November 1, 2017): 193–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1041739ar.

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Depuis une vingtaine d’années, les parcs de Chine urbaine sont largement mobilisés par les personnes âgées comme espaces de loisirs. Partant d’une enquête ethnographique menée au parc Ditan, à Pékin, cet article revient sur la manière dont les personnes âgées investissent cet espace et lui attribuent aujourd’hui des significations spécifiques. Après une historicization des usages et publics des parcs de Chine urbaine depuis leurs créations au début du XXe siècle, l’article se penche sur les raisons expliquant leur remobilisation récente par un nouveau public de retraités et sur les significations que ces derniers leur attribuent, dans un contexte de transformations urbaines et de tensions intergénérationnelles.
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Klöker, Michael. "CeBIT 2016/Public Sector Parc: Digitale Transformation im öffentlichen Sektor." Innovative Verwaltung 38, no. 1-2 (January 2016): 40–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s35114-016-1250-x.

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Serpa, Angelo. "Le parc urbain : un espace public dans la ville contemporaine ?" Géographie et cultures, no. 52 (March 1, 2005): 91–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/gc.13082.

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Islam, Md Shariar. "New Public Management-based Reform in Bangladesh: A Review of Public Administration Reform Commission." Indian Journal of Public Administration 64, no. 1 (February 15, 2018): 15–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019556117735458.

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This article highlights that Bangladesh has not been able to achieve desired success in implementing Public Administration Reform Commission’s (PARC) new public management (NPM)-driven reform recommendations as there are major challenges such as lack of political commitment, bureaucratic unwillingness to bring about change, lack of advocacy for NPM reform among the people and inefficient public service management. To face the challenges of NPM reform implementation, it is needed to ensure political commitment, bureaucratic support, awareness among the people through government, non-government and social organisations.
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Gillot, Gaëlle. "Le parc Al-Azhar. La vieille ville du Caire requalifiée par un jardin public." Les Annales de la recherche urbaine 105, no. 1 (2008): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/aru.2008.2759.

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Auriault, Antoine, Pierre-Antoine Briaud, and Magali Cathalifaud. "Accompagnement pluridisciplinaire d’un parc animalier (prévention risque chute de hauteur)." Archives des Maladies Professionnelles et de l'Environnement 81, no. 5 (October 2020): 586–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.admp.2020.03.428.

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Meyer, Elizabeth K. "The Public Park as Avante-Garde (Landscape) Architecture: A Comparative Interpretation of Two Parisian Parks, Parc de la Villette (1983-1990) and Parc des Buttes-Chaumont (1864-1867)." Landscape Journal 10, no. 1 (1991): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/lj.10.1.16.

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Nakashima, H., Y. Nakane, F. Masukawa, N. Matsuda, T. Oguri, H. Nakano, N. Sasamoto, et al. "Radiation safety design for the J-PARC project." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 115, no. 1-4 (December 20, 2005): 564–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/nci237.

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Hunter, R., M. Tully, and F. Kee. "Development of an evaluation framework to measure the public health impact of a ‘natural experiment’: The PARC study." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 15 (December 2012): S309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.753.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Parc public"

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Ho, Thi Huong Giang. "Le parc public à Ho Chi Minh ville : pratiques et significations." Thesis, Pau, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PAUU1075.

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Le processus de mondialisation rapide des métropoles s’accompagne d’une forte demande de parcs publics. À Ho Chi Minh Ville, cette dernière se manifeste non seulement dans les politiques publiques mais également dans les pratiques des usagers. Ces pratiques reflètent une forte variété de significations individuelles face aux transformations de la société urbaine. En fait, les individus, par leurs usages des parcs publics, contribuent à la transition et à l’enrichissement de cette forme d’espace public vers la modernité dans leur vie quotidienne. Il y a une volonté très répandue de se préoccuper de soi qui se manifeste par la diversité des pratiques physiques et également par le changement de perception des individus. Cela résulte de trois types d’aménités perçues par des usagers : la santé, l’extension de l’espace de vie et la quête du bien-être grâce à la présence de la nature dans les parcs. Ensuite, en raison de critères liés aux individus vulnérables comme les personnes âgées, les migrants et les femmes isolées, de nouvelles formes de sociabilité urbaine émergent grâce auxquelles le parc aide les individus qui cherchent à reconstruire leur vie. Alors, ce dernier n’est plus seulement une forme physique sur le plan de l’aménagement mais également un « actant » qui contribue activement à la création de nouvelles formes de cohésion sociale et à l’hybridation culturelle dans le processus de modernisation urbaine
The process of rapid globalization of metropolises is accompanied by a high demand for public parks. In Ho Chi Minh City, the latter manifests itself not only in public policies but also in the practices of users. These practices developed a large variety of individual meanings in the face of transformations in urban society. In fact, individuals, through their use of public parks, have contributed to the transition and enrichment of this form of public space towards modernity in their daily lives. There is a widespread desire to concern oneself which manifests itself in the diversity of physical practices and also in the change of perception of individuals. This is the result of three types of amenities perceived by users: health, the extension of living space and the quest for well-being through the presence of nature in the parks. Then, due to criteria linked to vulnerable individuals such as the elderly, migrants and isolated women, new forms of urban sociability are emerging thanks to the park helping individuals seeking to rebuild their lives. So, the latter is no longer just a physical form in terms of planning but also an "actor" who contributes to the creation of new forms of social cohesion and to cultural hybridization in the process of urban modernization
Sự phát triển công viên là một trong những điểm trọng yếu được nhắc đến trong quá trình toàn cầu hoá của các siêu đô thị. Tại thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, công viên không chỉ là vấn đề được quan tâm bởi các chính sách công mà còn bởi chính những người dân sử dụng nó. Những họat động tại đây phản ánh những ý nghĩa mang tính cá nhân mà công viên mang lại trong bối cảnh đô thị hoá. Các hoạt động trong công viên thường ngày cũng đóng góp váo sự chuyển đổi sang hình thái đô thị hiện đại của thành phố. Chúng ta dễ dành nhận ra một nhu cầu phổ biến trong việc mong muốn chăm sóc bản thân bằng những hoạt động thể chất và cả sự thay đổi trong nhận thức của từng cá nhân. Diều này được thể hiện qua ba nhóm lợi ích được tiếp nhận bởi những người trực tiếp sử dụng công viên: sức khoẻ, mở rộng không gian sống và dưỡng sinh trong không gian thiên nhiên của côn viên. Bên cạnh đó, các hoạt động ở công viên còn phản ánh sự liên kết giữa các các nhân yếu thế trong xã hội như người lớn tuổi, người nhập cư và phụ nữ. Đây là yếu tố tạo nên những hình thái mới trong quan hệ xã hội đô thị trong đó các cá nhận tìm cách cải thiện cuộc sống của họ thông qua những hoạt động ở công viên. Như vậy, công viên không chỉ là một yếu ố thụ động nằm trong quy hoạch đô thị mà nó còn là một yếu tố tác động vào sự liên kết xã hội và chuyển giao vă hoá trong bối cảnh hiện dại hoá đô thị
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Mizuma, Yoko. "Le parc public au Japon : une forme paysagère hybride -Les apports de l’école française de paysage-." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IAVF0019.

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En 1868, l’ouverture du pays avec la révolution de Meiji fut un moment de grand bouleversement dans l’histoire de l’urbanisme et de l’art des jardins au Japon. Sous les influences occidentales, la composition urbaine et le modèle du jardin japonais se diversifièrent et cette évolution fut renforcée et accélérée par une composante urbaine nouvelle, introduite de l’extérieur, le « parc public ».Deux écoles du paysage jouèrent un rôle pionnier dans ce courant : l’école de Honda Seiroku établie à l’université impériale de Tokyo, et celle de Fukuba Hayato basée dans un jardin impérial, Shinjuku Gyoen. Les deux fondateurs n’avaient pas exactement la même philosophie sur le paysage : celle du premier était fondée sur la sylviculture et l’aménagement du territoire inspirée des théories développées en Allemagne et celle du second s’appuyait sur l’horticulture et l’art des jardins inspirés de la France ; le traité d’Edouard André, Traité général de la composition des parcs et jardins, publié en 1879, en particulier, joua un rôle important.Dans cette thèse, nous nous sommes attachée à démontrer méthodiquement cette hypothèse d’apparition d’un nouveau type d’espace, le jardin public, à partir des réalisations principales de ces deux écoles, de l’ouverture du pays en 1868, jusqu’aux années 1930. En nous appuyant sur la méthode du « comparatisme », nous avons retracé les traditions de l’art des jardins au Japon et en France. Nous avons étudié les projets de parcs et jardins publics réalisés en France sous le Second Empire où s’épanouit l’école française du paysage (Parc des Buttes-Chaumont, Parc Montsouris, Square des Batignolles), et analysé les caractéristiques des parcs et jardins réalisés par les deux paysagistes pionniers et leurs disciples (Shinjuku Gyoen, Parc Hibiya, Parc Hamachô, Parc Narita-san). Nous nous sommes également penchée sur la formation des paysagistes et les supports de diffusion du savoir dans le monde horticole.Le travail que nous avons effectué a une dimension à la fois historique et pratique. Nous avons mis en œuvre les méthodes de l’historien pour le travail en archives et la recherche documentaire, du paysagiste pour les techniques de relevé ou la lecture de projet. En analysant ces parcs français et japonais, à travers plusieurs thèmes (allée, plantation, pièce d’eau, démarche de projet et composition spatiale), nous avons montré le rôle joué par l’école française de paysage sur le développement du parc public au Japon. Nous avons accordé à l’iconographie et aux analyses graphiques, souvent inédites, une place importante. Enfin, cette thèse apporte des éléments nouveaux sur les effets de l’ouverture du Japon, dans un domaine jusqu’alors peu exploré, l’art des jardins dans sa relation au parc public
Subsequent to the 1868 Meiji revolution, the opening of the country was a time of great change in urban planning and in the art of the garden in Japan. Under influences from the West, the layout of towns and the model of the Japanese garden were both diversified and this development was reinforced and accelerated by a new element in the urban space, introduced from abroad, the « public park ».Two schools of landscaping were pioneers in this trend: the Seiroku Honda school, established at the Imperial University in Tokyo, and the Hayato Fukuba school based in the Shinjuku Gyoen Imperial Garden. The two founders did not share the same philosophy of landscaping: the former was founded on forestry and on town and country planning, inspired by theories developed in Germany, and the latter was based on examples of horticulture and garden design from France: the treatise by Edouard André, “General Treatise on the Composition of Parks and Gardens” (Traité général de la composition des parcs et jardins), published in 1879, in particular, exerted a clear influence.In the present thesis, I will defend the hypothesis that a new type of space appeared: the public park, evolving from the principle achievements of the two schools during the opening up of the country in 1868 and until the 1930s. Using the “comparatist” method, I retrace the traditions of garden design in Japan and in France informed by the study of projects for public parks and gardens in France during the Second Empire, where the French school of landscaping flourished (Parc des Buttes-Chaumont, Parc Montsouris, Square des Batignolles), and I analyse the characteristics of the parks and gardens laid out by the two pioneer landscape gardeners and their followers (Shinjuku Gyoen, Hibiya Park, Hamachô Park, Narita-san Park). I also research the training for landscape gardening and the formats used for transfer of knowledge among horticulturalists.My research covers both historical and practical aspects. I use the methods of the historian for the consultation of archives and for documentary research; the methods of a landscape gardener for the techniques of surveying and the interpretation of projects. Analysing both French and Japanese parks from various thematic standpoints (paths, planting, water features, project management and layout), I demonstrate the influence of the French school of landscaping on the development of the public park in Japan. I reserve an important place to iconography and to graphics analysis, often hitherto unpublished. Finally, my thesis presents new elements concerning the effects in Japan, in this largely unexplored domain, of the art of gardening in its relation to the public park
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Le, Heuzey Sylvie. "Le nouveau parc Georges Brassens : historique et aménagements réalisés." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P261.

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Tanneau, Coralie. "Pouvoir et influence des parcs naturels régionaux en matière d'habitat : l'exemple du Parc d'Armorique." Thesis, Brest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BRES0018/document.

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À travers le cas du Parc naturel régional d’Armorique, cette thèse propose une analyse critique du lien qui unit les PNR à l’habitat, en mettant en avant les accélérateurs et les freins politiques et territoriaux sur l’implication des syndicats mixtes de Parcs dans ce domaine. Après une mise au point conceptuelle de la notion d’habitat et la présentation des territoires et des modes d’habiter sur le Parc d’Armorique, l’étude interroge les ambitions politiques en la matière et les raisons qui conduisent à leurs concrétisations. Confrontés à un environnement culturel marqué par la ruralité et des difficultés structurelles influant leurs orientations, les Parcs sont aussi contraints par le contexte institutionnel français et l’organisation des territoires sur lesquels ils opèrent. Un parcours historique de l’implication de ces structures sur l’habitat, avec comme étude de cas le Parc d’Armorique, nous montre qu’ils sont dépendants d’orientations nationales changeantes, mais s’acharnent à tenir un rôle majeur dans l’organisation des territoires ruraux. En outre, ils se dévoilent comme d’excellents modèles d’acculturation, porteurs de valeurs et de projets allant dans le sens d’un processus de qualité, de préservation et de vivre-ensemble dans des campagnes souvent négligées par les institutions
Through the case of Armorique regional natural park, this thesis offers a critical analysis of the link between the RNPs and the habitat, by highlighting the territorial and political boosters and restraints on the joint parks associations involvement in this field. After a conceptual clarification on the notion of habitat and the presentation of the territories and the settlement patterns in Armorique Park, the study questions the political ambitions regarding it and the reasons which lead to their fulfilments. Confronted with a cultural environment marked by the rurality and structural difficulties influencing their orientations, parks are also obliged by the French institutional context and the territories organization on the one they operate. An historic journey about the involvement of these structures on the habitat, with Armorique Park as a case study, shows us that they are dependent on changing national orientations, but they persist in keeping a leading role in the organization of the rural territories. Furthermore, they reveal themselves as excellent models of acculturation, carrying values and projects moving towards the idea of quality process, preservation and a living together concept in a countyside often overlooked by the institutions.
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Skoumal, Jan. "Rozvoj území ostrova Štvanice v Praze." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216010.

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This work, its task coming from an architectural and urban design competition requested by the city of Prague, gives a proposal of a new definition of the island of Štvanice in Prague. It deals with the problems of incorporating into the urban structure, connection to the main transport routes, functional usage of the island by choosing suiting schedules with urban functions. The proposals of objects, new spatial layout of the public spaces of the island, using the Vltava river's potential, its embankment and cultivation are the main themes of this work.
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André, Virginie. "Construction collaborative du discours au sein de réunions de travail en entreprise : de l'analyse micro-linguistique à l'analyse socio-interactionnelle : le cas d'un Parc départemental de l'Equipement." Nancy 2, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/NANCY2/doc216/2006NAN21005_1.pdf.

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Cette thèse cherche à explorer le fonctionnement discursif et interactif de réunions de travail. Différents champs disciplinaires sont convoqués pour les analyser étant donné que les pratiques et les activités discursives actualisées dans ce genre de discours sont imbriquées dans des situations de travail et de communication particulières insérées dans des enjeux sociaux, culturels, identitaires et relationnels complexes. Cette étude s'intéresse plus particulièrement aux corrélations entre les pratiques langagières des interactants et les facteurs extralinguistiques des réunions de travail. L'analyse d'un corpus de quarante heurres d'enregistrements et de 331 000 mots transcrits permet d'identifier les pratiques langagières contribuant à la collaboration du discours entre les participants. Quatre phénomènes discursifs et interactionnels sont étudiés : l'énonciation conjointe, la reprise, les apparitions du marqueur hein et du couple oui non
The aim of this thesis is to investigate the discursive and interactive functioning of business meetings. Recourse is had to a number of different disciplines, since the practices and discursive activities instantiated in this genre are interwoven into a variety of specific communicative situations and working contexts. This study focuses in particular on the correlations between the participants' communicative practices and the extralinguistic factors impinging on business meetings. In particular, calling on a corpus consisting of transcriptions of forty hours of sound recordings containing 331,000 words, it sets out to identify those communicative practices which contribute to the collaborative construction of discourse by participants. Detailed analyses of four discursive and interactional phenomena are presented, including the joint construction of discourse, repetition, and occurrences of the discourse markers hein and oui non
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Rees, catalan Andrés. "Privatiser la nature : espaces protégés, partenariats public-privé et contrôle territorial au Chili. Le cas du Parc national Alerce Costero et de la Réserve Côtière Valdivienne." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE3006/document.

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La protection privée de la nature est un phénomène qui rencontre un succès majeur ces dernières décennies dans le contexte d’ouverture croissante des politiques environnementales à l’économie mondialisée. Le Chili compte précisément parmi les premiers pays à avoir appliqué les principes néolibéraux au niveau de l’État ; il a privatisé de nombreux domaines de l’économie, dont l’accès aux ressources naturelles. Ces dernières ont été, de ce fait, largement exploitées par des capitaux privés qui ont disposé de grandes libertés garanties par l’État. Et même si la protection de la nature est longtemps restée du seul ressort de l’État chilien, on constate à partir de l’année 1990 et la prise de pouvoir du premier gouvernement démocratique post-Pinochet l’émergence croissante des acteurs privés de protection de la nature, dont des ONG environnementalistes nationales et internationales. Ces ONG ont fortement promu et utilisé des outils du libre marché (acquisitions foncières, expertise scientifique, partenariats public-privé, marchés carbone) dans un but affiché de conservation des ressources naturelles. Elles interviennent même, plus récemment, dans les politiques de développement local. Cette recherche entend démontrer, à travers l’exemple du travail conjoint mené par les administrateurs de deux espaces protégés – l’un public, l’autre privé – la manière dont une ONG internationale de conservation exerce son action dans un pays comme le Chili. Il ne s’agit pas uniquement d’enjeux de protection de la nature, de conservation des ressources naturelles et de développement local, mais aussi des méthodes d’intervention auprès des acteurs ruraux et des dispositifs de pouvoir déployés dans un objectif de contrôle territorial
Private nature conservation is a growing phenomenon against the background of the opening up of environmental policies to globalized economy. Chile is one of the first countries to have implemented neoliberal principles at State level; it has privatized many areas of its economy, including access to natural resources. As a result, those resources have been largely exploited by private capital, with the greatest freedoms guaranteed by the State. Even within nature conservation – which has long remained under the sole responsibility of the Chilean state – we can see from 1990 onwards, and the takeover of the first post-Pinochet democratic government, the increasing emergence of private actors of nature protection, including national and international environmental NGOs. These NGOs have strongly promoted and used free-market tools (land acquisitions, scientific expertise, public-private partnerships, carbon markets) with the aim of natural resources conservation. More recently, they also started to take part in local development policies.This research aims at demonstrating, through the example of the joint work carried out by the administrators of two protected areas - a public one and a private one - the way an international conservation NGO exerts its action in a country like Chile. Therefore, the main issues of this research are not only nature conservation, natural resources preservation and local development, but the interference with rural stakeholders and the power apparatuses that are deployed to gain territorial control at local level
La protección privada de la naturaleza es un fenómeno que ha tenido gran éxito durante las últimas décadas en el contexto de la apertura creciente de las políticas medioambientales a la economía globalizada. Chile forma parte de los primeros países en haber aplicado los principios neoliberales a nivel de Estado; privatizó muchas áreas de la economía, dentro de las cuales el acceso a los recursos naturales. Por este motivo, los recursos naturales fueron intensamente explotados por capitales privados que beneficiaron, además, de grandes libertades garantizadas por el Estado. A pesar de que la protección de la naturaleza estuvo durante mucho tiempo bajo la sola responsabilidad del Estado chileno, a partir del año 1990 y la llegada al poder del primer gobierno democrático post-Pinochet, se observa un aumento creciente de los actores privados de la protección de la naturaleza, dentro de los cuales ONG medioambientalistas nacionales e internacionales. Estas ONG han promocionado y utilizado las herramientas de libre mercado (adquisición de tierras, conocimiento científico, cooperación público-privada, mercados de carbono) con el objetivo de conservar los recursos naturales. De manera más reciente, intervienen incluso en las políticas de desarrollo local.Esta investigación busca demostrar, mediante el ejemplo del trabajo conjunto llevado a cabo por los administradores de dos áreas protegidas – un pública, la otra privada – la manera como una ONG internacional de conservación ejerce su acción en un país como Chile. No se trata únicamente de desafíos de protección de la naturaleza, de conservación de los recursos naturales y de desarrollo local, sino que también de los métodos de intervención con los actores rurales y de los dispositivos de poder utilizados con un objetivo de control territorial
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Houel, Nicolas. "Pédagogie de la sobriété lumineuse : étude des enjeux et méthodes de la requalification du parc d'éclairage public de la métropole nantaise au travers de la récolte d'indicateurs qualitatifs et quantitatifs des ambiances nocturnes en ville." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ECDN0032.

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Dans le cadre d’un financement CIFRE accompagnant la définition du Schéma de Cohérence d’Aménagement Lumière (SCAL) de la Métropole de Nantes, la thèse de Nicolas Houel contribue à identifier les enjeux de la sobriété énergétique et lumineuse dans la gestion du parc d’éclairage public. La recherche porte sur la méthodologie d’élaboration du SCAL et se focalise sur l’identification des controverses actuelles dans la pratique de l’éclairage artificiel, en vue d’une sensibilisation et d’une implication de l’usager de l’espace public dans l’évaluation et la production des ambiances urbaines nocturnes. Le travail comprend une série d’enquêtes de terrain dédiées à l’évaluation et à l’itération d’une méthode de récolte d’indicateurs sensibles. En plus de sa partie analytique, la recherche propose un outil cartographique numérique inédit pour l’aide au suivi des installations et permettant en temps réel la collecte d’indicateurs physiques et sensibles directement identifiés par l’usager. La posture de recherche aborde la notion d’expertise d’usage, potentiellement complémentaire des expertises politiques, artistiques et techniques qui gouvernent actuellement l’éclairage public. Ils soulignent la place prépondérante de l’éclairage artificiel dans la culture collective et la très faible représentativité de la notion d’obscurité. La pédagogie de la sobriété lumineuse, en réponse à l’enjeu de sobriété énergétique et lumineuse initialement poursuivi au travers de la démarche de sensibilisation des usagers à l’éclairage public, s’oriente finalement vers celui d’une forme de pédagogie à l’obscurité, dans laquelle la sobriété lumineuse pourra durablement s’installer
As part of a CIFRE contract associated with the definition of the Lighting Development Coherence Scheme (SCAL) of the city of Nantes, Nicolas Houel’s thesis contributes to identifying the stakes of better energy and light sobriety in the management of its public lighting park. The research deals with the development methodology of the SCAL and focuses on the identification of current controversies in the artificial lighting practice, to raise awareness and involve the users of public spaces in the evaluation and production of nocturnal urban ambiances. It includes a series of field surveys dedicated to the evaluation and iteration of a method for the collection of sensitive indicators. Beyond its analytical part, the thesis proposes an unprecedented digital mapping tool to monitor the installations and to in real time the collection of physical and sensitive indicators identified by the users. The research addresses the concept of expertise of use, potentially complementary of political, artistic and technical ones that currently govern public lighting. They highlight the prominent place of artificial lighting in collective culture and the very low representativity of the concept of darkness. The pedagogy of light sobriety, regarding the challenge of energy and light sobriety originally pursued through an approach of awareness to public lighting for users, is ultimately oriented towards a form of pedagogy of darkness, in which light sobriety could settle lastingly
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Chambelland, Benjamin. "Une gestion jardinière des paysages : le "parc des Coteaux" en recherche et en projet : expérimentations, retours réflexifs et propositions d'actions sur la rive droite de Bordeaux." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BOR30033.

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La notion de « gestion jardinière des paysages » est au cœur de cette thèse. Il s’agit ici de proposer un principe d’action visant à renouveler le projet de paysage et ses pratiques. Ce principe d’action s’inscrit à un moment-charnière où les pratiques paysagistes sont confrontées à la nécessité de mettre en œuvre dans un cadre démocratique une gestion environnementale des territoires. Il a pour objectif de prendre en compte toute la complexité des interrelations sociales, écologiques, politiques et économiques propre à la conduite des projets de paysage, ainsi que leurs imbrications. Il s’agit notamment de conscientiser les dynamiques à l’œuvre et de mesurer les effets du temps sur le processus de projet en lien avec l’incertitude des « inter-retro-actions » qui en émanent. À travers cela, il s’agit également d’être en capacité de clarifier les valeurs et les stratégies éthiques à mobiliser au quotidien et dans la durée, dans la conduite d’un projet de paysage. Aux sources de travail, il y a une convention industrielle de formation par la recherche (CIFRE). Pendant trois ans, j’ai travaillé au sein d’un groupement d’intérêt public composé de quatre communes (Bassens, Lormont, Cenon et Floirac) situées sur la « rive droite » de la métropole de Bordeaux : le Grand Projet des Villes Rive Droite (GPV). Mon rôle a consisté à mener un projet de paysage orienté vers l’accompagnement de l’évolution des pratiques de jardinage concernant un ensemble de parcs publics/privés, nommé le « parc des Coteaux » (240 ha). L’entrée paysagère est donc à la base de la démarche mise en œuvre. Elle a consisté à proposer un processus de coopération impliquant les jardiniers des villes, mais également, des élus, des responsables de services, des chargés de projets des villes et du GPV, des paysagistes, des urbanistes, des écologues, des habitants et des « usagers ». Ce processus de coopération a pris pour nom le Laboratoire du parc des Coteaux ; le parcLAB. Le retour réflexif sur les conditions même de cette expérience conduite pendant trois ans (2015-2018) – elle-même issue de ma participation à l’émergence de cette dynamique collective trois ans auparavant (2013-2015) en tant que paysagiste indépendant – m’a conduit à formuler l’hypothèse d’une gestion jardinière des paysages, dont je présente et mets en débat, ici, les principes et les orientations
The idea of “garden-based landscape management” is at the heart of this thesis. It offers principles for updating landscape projects and practices. These principles arrive at a key moment when landscape gardening is confronted with the need to implement environmental land management in a democratic context. They aim to take into account all the complexity and interweaving of the social, ecological, political and economic interrelationships involved in running landscape projects. The thesis is particularly concerned with increasing awareness of the dynamics at work and with measuring the effects of time on the project process in relation to the uncertainties of “inter-retro-actions” that emanate from it. This should also provide clarification of the values and ethical strategies to be applied to running a landscape project, both on a day-to-day basis and in the long term. The basis for the work is an Industrial Convention for Training by Research (CIFRE). For three years I worked in a Groupement d’Intérêt Public made up of four communes (Bassens, Lormont, Cenon et Floirac) situated on the “right bank” of Bordeaux Métropole: the Grand Projet des Villes Rive Droite (GPV). My role was to lead a landscape project orientated towards accompanying developments in gardening practices in a group of public/private parks known as the “Parc des Coteaux” (240 ha). Landscape is thus the starting point for the approach that has been used. The approach consisted of proposing a cooperative process involving gardeners from the towns, but also elected members, departmental managers, project officers for the towns and the GPV, landscape architects, planners, ecologists, inhabitants and “users”. This process adopted the name Laboratoire du parc des Coteaux or parcLAB. The feedback on the very conditions of this experiment, conducted for three years (2015-2018) – itself resulting from my participation in the emergence of the collective dynamic over the preceding three years (2013-2015) as an independent landscape gardener – led me to formulate the hypothesis of garden-based landscape management, whose principles and orientations I present and offer for debate here
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Bernal, Kaitlin. "Making public parks public: Increasing inclusivity in Denver's Civic Center Park." Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35502.

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Master of Landscape Architecture
Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning
Anne E. Beamish
One of the most important aspects of a public space is its accessibility and inclusivity for all people. In urban parks, this often means that a wide variety of users must be considered during the design process. Denver Civic Center Park is a historic urban park in the heart of Denver’s downtown. The park caters to a variety of people ranging from tourist, who briefly visit the park, to people who are experiencing homelessness, and call the park home. Ensuring that the needs of people varying in age, culture, and economic background is key to any urban park’s success. Semi-structured interviews, site observations, site inventory and analysis, and critical mapping helped assess Denver’s Civic Center Park’s inclusivity and accessibility. Through a combination of improved infrastructure and additional amenities, a thoughtful redesign of the historic park addressed today’s challenges with homelessness and created a more inclusive environment. Because of the historic nature of the park only specific modifications to the southern ares were made. There are two reasons to create inclusive public spaces. The first is the social mixing that comes from people of different backgrounds and cultures sharing a safe environment. Social mixing connects groups of people through passive and active interactions that are built on seeing someone or overhearing their conversations. Social interactions, that take place in a safe environment, can trigger empathy within the community and start to build relationships between people of different socioeconomic groups. The second reason focuses on the ethics of designing public space. The infrastructure and policy of a public space should not be exclusive to a “desirable” demographic, but should include all existing users and the surrounding community. Because a large portion of users in Denver’s Civic Center Park are people experiencing homelessness, the design and programmatic amenities should consider their needs and desires. Landscape architects can influence the public’s views and the way people interact with each other by designing safe and active urban public spaces. In this project I asked, what design policies and strategies could be implemented to make Denver’s Civic Center Park more inclusive and secure for all park users, including those experiencing homelessness?
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Books on the topic "Parc public"

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Jardins extraordinaires: Atelier Patrice Alexandre, Beaux-Arts de Paris : exposition du 31 mai au 2 juin 2013, Parc du Génitoy, Bussy Saint-Georges, Parc culturel de Rentilly. Paris: École nationale supérieure des beaux-arts, 2013.

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Bonnes, Clara. Dis/location 2: Projet d'articulation urbaine : le parc sans nom. Montréal: Dare-Dare, Centre de diffusion d'art multidisciplinaire de Montréal, 2011.

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Récits, Association, ed. Au 143 rue Félix Pyat: Parc Bellevue : Histoire d'une copropriété à Marseille, 1957-2011. Aix-en-Provence: Ref.2C, 2012.

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Morency, Pierre. Le regard infini: Parcs, places et jardins publics de Québec. Sainte-Foy, Québec: Editions MultiMondes, 1999.

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Québec (Province). Bureau d'audiences publiques sur l'environnement. Les répercussions d'un échange de terrains sur la biodiversité et l'intégrité écologique du Parc national du Mont-Orford: Rapport d'enquête et d'audience publique. Québec: Bureau d'audiences publiques sur l'environnement, 2005.

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Eagles, Paul F. J. Tourism in national parks and protected areas: Planning and management. Wallingford: CABI Pub, 2002.

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F, McCool Stephen, ed. Tourism in national parks and protected areas: Planning and management. New York: CABI Pub., 2002.

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Public trust. Denver, Colo: Prairie Plum Press, 2012.

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Great Britain. Department of Trade and Industry. Part-time work public consultation. London: Department of Trade and Industry, 2000.

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Otondo, Teresa Montero. Televisão pública: Para quem e para quê? São Paulo, SP, Brasil: Annablume, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Parc public"

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Langegger, Sig. "Park Space." In Rights to Public Space, 165–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41177-4_8.

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Hierro, Lara. "Resilience Assessment Part One." In Library of Public Policy and Public Administration, 201–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41302-6_7.

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Hierro, Lara. "Resilience Assessment Part Two." In Library of Public Policy and Public Administration, 255–313. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41302-6_8.

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Flannery, John A., and Karen M. Smith. "Oak Park Public Library." In Eco-Library Design, 68–75. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4078-5_8.

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Ford, Caroline. "The heritage of public space." In The Amusement Park, 77–97. New York : Routledge, 2017. | Series: Heritage, Culture and Identity: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315612409-4.

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Kassel, David S. "Project Planning, Part 1:." In Managing Public Sector Projects, 41–68. Second edition. | New York : Routledge, 2016. | Series: ASPA series in public administration & public policy: Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315505893-3.

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Kassel, David S. "Project Planning, Part 2:." In Managing Public Sector Projects, 69–94. Second edition. | New York : Routledge, 2016. | Series: ASPA series in public administration & public policy: Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315505893-4.

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Kassel, David S. "Project Planning, Part 3:." In Managing Public Sector Projects, 95–120. Second edition. | New York : Routledge, 2016. | Series: ASPA series in public administration & public policy: Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315505893-5.

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Schonewald-Cox, Christine, and Marybeth Buechner. "Park Protection and Public Roads." In Conservation Biology, 373–95. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6426-9_15.

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Steif, Ken. "Intro to Geospatial Machine Learning, Part 2." In Public Policy Analytics, 71–86. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003054658-4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Parc public"

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Bolca, Pelin, Rosa Tamborrino, and Fulvio Rinaudo. "Henri Prost in Istanbul: Urban transformation process of Taksim-Maçka Valley (Le parc n°2)." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5670.

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With the foundation of the Republic of Turkey in October 1923, modernization studies have been started throughout the country. The Republican authorities which adopted a new form of government independent of the Ottoman Empire had expectations for the city planning of Turkey according to the modernization rules of urbanism. After the proclamation of the Republic, the capital of the country was relocated from Istanbul to Ankara and the funds of the Republic were canalized to the construction of the new capital city. Following the creation of Ankara, in 1935, French architect and urban planner Henri Prost was invited directly to conduct the planning of Istanbul. He worked between 1936 and 1951 with a conservative and modernist attitude. Prost’s plans for Istanbul was based on three principal issues: the transportation (la circulation), hygiene (l’hygiène) and aesthetics (l’aesthetics). He gave importance on urban and public spaces (espaces libres) and proposed two public parks. One of these parks was considered as an archaeological park at the hearth of the Historical Peninsula (parc n1), the other one was considered as a park with cultural, arts and sports functions into the hearth of the Pera district which was the area extending from today’s Taksim Square to Maçka Valley (parc n2) and wherein these days the modern and new city was built. Only Park No2 (parc n2) was partially constructed in the 1940s following these park plans. However, the park has been transformed by the planning decisions taken over time depending on the political, cultural and ideological changes and this transformation process has been intensively discussed by the academic and professional field on the Istanbul’s and Turkey’s urban agenda. The focus of this study is to understand and define the process of transformation, and investigate the changing of significances of the Taksim-Maçka Valley from foundation of the Republic of Turkey to the present time. Accordingly, the first part of the paper presents the formation process of the area through the 1:2000 plan of Park No2 (parc n2) and the 1:500 plan of The Republic Square and the İnönü Esplanade in Taksim (la place de la République et l'esplanade İnönü à Taksim) which were prepared by Henri Prost. In the second part, the transformation process that occurs after Prost was discharged from his position is analyzed. The paper concludes with a discussion on the pros and cons of the transformation. In the study, the “digital urban history method” (telling the history of the city in the age of the ICT revolution) was used through the power of various direct and indirect sources with ArcGIS and 3D modeling techniques.
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MARZZONI, DAVID NOGUEIRA SILVA, RODRIGO USZACKI CARVALHO DE FREITAS, and BRENO AUGUSTO DINIZ PEREIRA. "NEW PUBLIC MANAGEMENT: UMA REFLEXÃO ACERCA DAS TRANSFORMAÇÕES OCORRIDAS NA ADMINISTRAÇÃO PÚBLICA." In Brazilian Congress. brazco, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51162/brc.dev2020-0005.

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O presente estudo teve como objetivo, por meio de uma revisao bibliografica, realizar um debate acerca da New Public Management (NPM) e os seus impactos e transformacoes ocorridas na implementacao do modelo. Como principais resultados, foi possivel o mapeamento das caracteristicas da NPM, bem como os principais aspectos criticos que ensejam uma nova fase de mudancas na administracao publica no mundo. Essas transformacoes decorrem, principalmente, por conta da NPM possuir um foco direcionado para a eficiencia e em virtude de possuir um olha excessivo para o ambiente interno da administracao publica, desse modo, acaba por desconsiderar os diversos atores que afetam e que sao afetados no ambito da administracao publica. Desse modo, a governanca e a transparencia, ainda que estivessem no escopo inicial da NPM, acabaram nao sendo dirimidos por completo e, abriu-se espaco para um periodo pos-NPM. Nesse contexto, a sociedade compreendeu que os principais aspectos da NPM, foco na eficiencia e na austeridade fiscal, nao sao suficientes para que a administracao publica cumpra com os seus objetivos. Portanto, houve, na esteira da NPM, o surgimento da governanca visando suprir essa demanda social, trazendo novas caracteristicas e objetivos para a administracao publica, principalmente no que diz respeito a participacao da sociedade no processo decisorio e a transparencia das informacoes dos orgaos publicos.,
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Marinov, Marin. "MEDIATION AS PART OF JUDICIAL REFORM." In THE MEDIATION IN THE DIFFERENT PUBLIC SPHERES 2021. University publishing house "Science and Economics", University of Economics - Varna, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36997/mdps2021.55.

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The report examines mediation as part of the judicial reform in Bulgaria. The focus of the material is on the established judicial centers and the need to create similar ones in all other regional centers or district courts.
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Marinov, Marin. "MEDIATION AS PART OF JUDICIAL REFORM." In THE MEDIATION IN THE DIFFERENT PUBLIC SPHERES 2021. University publishing house "Science and Economics", University of Economics - Varna, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36997/mdps2021.4.

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The report examines mediation as part of the judicial reform in Bulgaria. The focus of the material is on the established judicial centers and the need to create similar ones in all other regional centers or district courts.
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Yuniningsih, Tri. "Management Policies of Mangkang Wildlife Park in Semarang, Central Java." In 2016 International Conference on Public Management. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icpm-16.2016.28.

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Pisey, Vong, Wongsa Laohasiriwong, Teerasak Phajan, and Somsak Pitaksanurat. "FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH CHEMICAL PESTICIDE USE AMONG FARMERS IN EASTERN PART OF CAMBODIA." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PUBLIC HEALTH. Graduate Studies in Public Health, Graduate Program, Sebelas Maret University Jl. Ir Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126. Telp/Fax: (0271) 632 450 ext.208 First website:http//:s2ikm.pasca.uns.ac.id Second website: www.theicph.com. Email: theicph2016@gmail.com, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/theicph.2016.020.

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González, J. D., and C. Cristóbal-Pinto. "Park and Ride Operation in Madrid Region." In Second International Conference on Urban Public Transportation Systems. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40717(148)16.

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Boussarsar, Nizar, Youssef Kamoun, Mouna Ketatni, Anis Benhajji, and Seifallah Jemal. "Smart Eco-Urban Cities Ubiquitous Public Park." In 2015 IEEE 29th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications Workshops (WAINA). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/waina.2015.13.

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Mujtahid, Mujtahid, Indang Trihandini, and Niky Wahyuning Gusti. "Strengthening the Health Information System to Improve the Quality of Health Services at the Health Facilities in Pare-Pare, South Sulawesi." In The 6th International Conference on Public Health 2019. Masters Program in Public Health, Graduate School, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the6thicph.04.90.

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Kusumawati, Prima Dewi. "DIFFERENCE IN PERSONAL HYGIENE BETWEEN ELDERLY LIVING WITH FAMILY AND THOSE LIVING IN NURSING HOME, PARE, EAST JAVA." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PUBLIC HEALTH. Graduate Studies in Public Health, Graduate Program, Sebelas Maret University Jl. Ir Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126. Telp/Fax: (0271) 632 450 ext.208 First website:http//:s2ikm.pasca.uns.ac.id Second website: www.theicph.com. Email: theicph2016@gmail.com, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/theicph.2016.083.

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Reports on the topic "Parc public"

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Tweet, Justin S., Vincent L. Santucci, Kenneth Convery, Jonathan Hoffman, and Laura Kirn. Channel Islands National Park: Paleontological resource inventory (public version). National Park Service, September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2278664.

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Channel Island National Park (CHIS), incorporating five islands off the coast of southern California (Anacapa Island, San Miguel Island, Santa Barbara Island, Santa Cruz Island, and Santa Rosa Island), has an outstanding paleontological record. The park has significant fossils dating from the Late Cretaceous to the Holocene, representing organisms of the sea, the land, and the air. Highlights include: the famous pygmy mammoths that inhabited the conjoined northern islands during the late Pleistocene; the best fossil avifauna of any National Park Service (NPS) unit; intertwined paleontological and cultural records extending into the latest Pleistocene, including Arlington Man, the oldest well-dated human known from North America; calichified “fossil forests”; records of Miocene desmostylians and sirenians, unusual sea mammals; abundant Pleistocene mollusks illustrating changes in sea level and ocean temperature; one of the most thoroughly studied records of microfossils in the NPS; and type specimens for 23 fossil taxa. Paleontological research on the islands of CHIS began in the second half of the 19th century. The first discovery of a mammoth specimen was reported in 1873. Research can be divided into four periods: 1) the few early reports from the 19th century; 2) a sustained burst of activity in the 1920s and 1930s; 3) a second burst from the 1950s into the 1970s; and 4) the modern period of activity, symbolically opened with the 1994 discovery of a nearly complete pygmy mammoth skeleton on Santa Rosa Island. The work associated with this paleontological resource inventory may be considered the beginning of a fifth period. Fossils were specifically mentioned in the 1938 proclamation establishing what was then Channel Islands National Monument, making CHIS one of 18 NPS areas for which paleontological resources are referenced in the enabling legislation. Each of the five islands of CHIS has distinct paleontological and geological records, each has some kind of fossil resources, and almost all of the sedimentary formations on the islands are fossiliferous within CHIS. Anacapa Island and Santa Barbara Island, the two smallest islands, are primarily composed of Miocene volcanic rocks interfingered with small quantities of sedimentary rock and covered with a veneer of Quaternary sediments. Santa Barbara stands apart from Anacapa because it was never part of Santarosae, the landmass that existed at times in the Pleistocene when sea level was low enough that the four northern islands were connected. San Miguel Island, Santa Cruz Island, and Santa Rosa Island have more complex geologic histories. Of these three islands, San Miguel Island has relatively simple geologic structure and few formations. Santa Cruz Island has the most varied geology of the islands, as well as the longest rock record exposed at the surface, beginning with Jurassic metamorphic and intrusive igneous rocks. The Channel Islands have been uplifted and faulted in a complex 20-million-year-long geologic episode tied to the collision of the North American and Pacific Places, the initiation of the San Andreas fault system, and the 90° clockwise rotation of the Transverse Ranges, of which the northern Channel Islands are the westernmost part. Widespread volcanic activity from about 19 to 14 million years ago is evidenced by the igneous rocks found on each island.
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Brown, Douglas M., and Jordan W. Cassell. Better Housing Now: Public-Private Venture Housing at Big Bend National Park, Texas. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada222644.

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Salguero, Fernando, and Mariel Loayza. Operations research to improve postabortion (PAC) services in three public hospitals, Bolivia. Population Council, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh4.1125.

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Zambrana, Ivis, and Christie Oostema. Active and Public Transportation Connectivity between North Temple TOD and Jordan Park River Trail. Transportation Research and Education Center, October 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/trec.186.

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Niles, John S., and J. M. Pogodzinski. Steps to Supplement Park-and-Ride Public Transit Access with Ride-and-Ride Shuttles. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1950.

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Public transit ridership in California declined in the five years before the pandemic of 2020–21 and dropped significantly further after the pandemic began. A sharp downward step in the level of transit boarding occurred after February 2020, and continues to the date of this report as a result of the public-health guidance on social distancing, expanded work-at-home, and a travel mode shift from public transit to private cars. A critical issue has come to the foreground of public transportation policy, namely, how to increase the quality and geographic reach of transit service to better serve the essential trips of mobility disadvantaged citizens who do not have access to private vehicle travel. The research focus of this report is an examination of the circumstances where fixed route bus route service could cost-effectively be replaced by on-demand microtransit, with equivalent overall zone-level efficiency and a higher quality of complete trip service. Research methods were reviews of documented agency experience, execution of simple simulations, and sketch-level analysis of 2019 performance reported in the National Transit Database. Available evidence is encouraging and suggestive, but not conclusive. The research found that substitutions of flexible microtransit for fixed route buses are already being piloted across the U.S., with promising performance results. The findings imply that action steps could be taken in California to expand and refine an emphasis on general purpose microtransit in corridors and zones with a relatively high fraction of potential travelers who are mobility disadvantaged, and where traditional bus routes are capturing fewer than 15 boardings per vehicle hour. To be sufficiently productive as fixed route replacements, microtransit service technologies in the same or larger zones need to be capable of achieving vehicle boardings of five per hour, a challenge worth addressing with technology applications. Delivery of microtransit service can be undertaken through contracts with a growing set of private sector firms, which are developing processes to merge general purpose customers with those now assigned to ADA-required paratransit and Medi-Cal-supported non-emergency medical transport.
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6

Bravo, Vanessa. Applying the Situational Theory of Publics to the first external voting process for Costa Ricans abroad: Lessons for international public relations and public diplomacy / Aplicación de la Teoría Situacional de los Públicos al primer proceso de voto en el exterior para Costa Rica: Lecciones para las relaciones públicas internacionales y la diplomacia pública. Revista Internacional de Relaciones Públicas, December 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5783/rirp-10-2015-08-125-140.

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7

Almansa-Martínez, Ana, and Isabel Ruiz-Mora. Presentación: Relaciones Públicas. Múltiples opciones para las organizaciones / Presentation: Public Relations. Multiple options for organizations. Revista Internacional de Relaciones Públicas, June 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5783/rirp-13-2017-01-01-04.

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8

Bouillon, César P., Maria Fernanda Rodrigo, Michelle Infanzón, Henry Dyer, and Sumiko Andrade Sakaguchi. Approach Paper: IDB Support to Strengthen Public Sector Transparency and Integrity in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003248.

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As part of its 2020-2021 work program, the Office of Evaluation and Oversight (OVE) will conduct an evaluation of the Inter-American Development Bank efforts to strengthen public sector transparency and integrity (T&I) in Latin America and the Caribbean since 2010. The evaluation aims at takings stock of IDB activities in the area of Transparency and Integrity between 2010 and 2019 and at extracting insights from the implementation of these activities. The evaluation will also provide insights for country dialogue and the prioritization and design of future IDB activities and operations to support public sector transparency and integrity in the region.
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Niles, John, and J. M. Pogodzinski. TOD and Park-and-Ride: Which is Appropriate Where? Mineta Transportation Institute, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1820.

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Despite the sharp drop in transit ridership throughout the USA that began in March 2020, two different uses of land near transit stations continue to be implemented in the United States to promote ridership. Since 2010, transit agencies have given priority to multi-family residential construction referred to as transit oriented development (TOD), with an emphasis on housing affordability. In second place for urban planners but popular with suburban commuters is free or inexpensive parking near rail or bus transit centers, known as park-and-ride (PnR). Sometimes, TOD and PnR are combined in the same development. Public policy seeks to gain high community value from both of these land uses, and there is public interest in understanding the circumstances and locations where one of these two uses should be emphasized over the other. Multiple justifications for each are offered in the professional literature and reviewed in this report. Fundamental to the strategic decision making necessary to allocate public resources toward one use or the other is a determination of the degree to which each approach generates transit ridership. In the research reported here, econometric analysis of GIS data for transit stops, PnR locations, and residential density was employed to measure their influence on transit boardings for samples of transit stops at the main transit agencies in Seattle, Los Angeles, and San José. Results from all three cities indicate that adding 100 parking spaces close to a transit stop has a larger marginal impact than adding 100 housing units. Previous academic research estimating the higher ridership generation per floor area of PnR compared to multi-family TOD housing makes this show of strength for parking an expected finding. At the same time, this report reviews several common public policy justifications for TOD as a preferred land development emphasis near transit stations, such as revenue generation for the transit agency and providing a location for below-market affordable housing where occupants do not need to have a car. If increasing ridership is important for a transit agency, then parking for customers who want to drive to a station is an important option. There may also be additional benefits for park-and-ride in responding to the ongoing pandemic.
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Deal, Madison, and Anna K. Johnson. AnS 490-H: Part II; How to Educate the Public While Providing a Portable Environmentally Enriched Wagon to a North American Porcupine. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-381.

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