Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Parcs de véhicules automobiles'
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Belli-Riz, Pierre. "L'Immobilier de l'automobile en France, 1890-2000 : du garage à la ville." Paris 8, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA081877.
Full textVillamil, Galvis Gloria Elizabeth. "Outils d'aide à la décision pour le renouvellement d'une flotte de véhicules." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/29951/29951.pdf.
Full textThis thesis deals with the issues related to the vehicles fleet renewal. It presents de context, motivations and factors to consider in the renewal process. Decisions-making tools to support the development of the renewal plan, the selection of new vehicles and fleet maintenance management are proposed. The thesis also refers to the cost to consider throughout the life cycle of each vehicle. The contents of this thesis should prove useful to both fleet managers and researches interested in costs analysis with regard to the life cycle of vehicles within a perspective of sustainable development.
Sassi, Ons. "Planification de la recharge et optimisation des tournées dans le cas de flottes captives." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0303.
Full textElectric Vehicles may decrease transportation-related emissions and provide for less dependence on foreign oil. However, electric vehicles are still facing many weaknesses related to the high purchase prices, limited battery range and scarce charging infrastructure. The deployment of electric vehicles must then involve the design and the deployment of charging infrastructures. Within this study, the overall objective is to provide enhanced optimization methods and decision tools for electric vehicles assignment, charging and routing that are relevant to different real-world constraints. Firstly, we propose to study the joint scheduling and optimal charging of electric vehicles problem. This problem consists in assigning a set of already constructed routes to the available electric and conventional vehicles and in, simultaneously, optimizing the electric vehicles charging costs while ensuring that all constraints are satisfied. The objective of this problem is to maximize the use of EVs and to minimize charging costs. Secondly, we propose different extensions to our baseline problem and we vary the objective functions and the considered constraints. Moreover, our problem can be seen as a fixed interval scheduling problem with complementary constraints of energy. We propose then to study the complexity and the approximability of many variants of this new problem. Finally, we consider a new variant of the electric vehicle routing problem with a heterogeneous fleet of vehicles and we propose different heuristics and metaheuristics to solve it. We test the different solving methods on benchmark instances and we evaluate the efficiency of each method
Vekeman, Francis. "Choix de véhicules et demande de kilométrage : une approche microéconométrique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2004/22137/22137.pdf.
Full textA discrete/continuous choice model is used to analyze the ownership of private motor vehicles and their use in Quebec. The estimation of the discrete choice model is based on the Mixed Logit specification and each of the 224 different vehicle models appears as specific element of the choice set. A generalization of Heckman’s correction term is incorporated in the vehicle use equation for each alternative. The data come from a special survey conducted by the Société de l’assurance automobile du Québec in 1996-1997. The empirical results show that car choice is highly related to driver’s age and fuel consumption. Prices of car do not affect the probability of owning most of vehicle classes, including SUV. Gender, household location, age, and fuel price are among the main determinants of car use.
Ben, Mechlia Malek. "Dimensionnement et typologie d’une flotte de véhicules tenant compte de l’impact environnemental et de la maintenance." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0344.
Full textNowadays, taking into account hard customer requirements, logistics represent one of the most important key of success for companies. It is clear that the expectations have led companies to explore new ways to improve their economic performance while respecting the imposed requirements. In this context, introducing the decision support tools taking into account operational and environmental constraints in the logistics field has become a major issue to turn up this challenge. Therein, we were interested in this research project in the economical sizing of a fleet of vehicles taking into account the environmental impact and maintenance, while considering two types of vehicles (fuel, electric). The operating mode, the energy consumption as well as the environmental impact caused by the means of transport are taken into account in presenting the various works studied. For the sizing and typology of a vehicle fleet based on maintenance and environmental impact we proposed three strategies, where each is illustrated through the development of an analytical model and a numerical resolution based on an example. The first relates to the strategy of acquisition and resale of all vehicles used at the end of missions, the second is about the strategy of leasing and the third concerns the strategy of acquisition, the subcontracting at the end of missions and resale at the end of the subcontracting contract. The optimization of each strategy is developed in order to determine the optimal number of vehicles of each type to be exploited, the duration of its use, and the preventive maintenance (PM) policy to be adopted for each types of vehicles. Numerical results show the differences between strategies and prove the robustness of the analytical models developed. We note that the impact of the period of health crisis (Covid-19) on the preventive maintenance strategy has been taken into consideration for the first strategy developed
Sassi, Ons. "Planification de la recharge et optimisation des tournées dans le cas de flottes captives." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0303.
Full textElectric Vehicles may decrease transportation-related emissions and provide for less dependence on foreign oil. However, electric vehicles are still facing many weaknesses related to the high purchase prices, limited battery range and scarce charging infrastructure. The deployment of electric vehicles must then involve the design and the deployment of charging infrastructures. Within this study, the overall objective is to provide enhanced optimization methods and decision tools for electric vehicles assignment, charging and routing that are relevant to different real-world constraints. Firstly, we propose to study the joint scheduling and optimal charging of electric vehicles problem. This problem consists in assigning a set of already constructed routes to the available electric and conventional vehicles and in, simultaneously, optimizing the electric vehicles charging costs while ensuring that all constraints are satisfied. The objective of this problem is to maximize the use of EVs and to minimize charging costs. Secondly, we propose different extensions to our baseline problem and we vary the objective functions and the considered constraints. Moreover, our problem can be seen as a fixed interval scheduling problem with complementary constraints of energy. We propose then to study the complexity and the approximability of many variants of this new problem. Finally, we consider a new variant of the electric vehicle routing problem with a heterogeneous fleet of vehicles and we propose different heuristics and metaheuristics to solve it. We test the different solving methods on benchmark instances and we evaluate the efficiency of each method
Perez, Morales David. "Multi-sensor-based control in Intelligent Parking applications." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ECDN0054.
Full textWith the aim of developing a more advanced parking system than what is currently available, different maneuvers typically performed in parking situations have been revisited using an original Multi- Sensor-Based Control (MSBC) approach. Furthermore, in order to overcome the well-known limitations of classical sensorbased techniques, the parking maneuvers have been formalized as well under a common Multi-Sensor-Based Predictive Control (MSBPC) framework. The developed strategies have been tested extensively using a robotized Renault ZOE with positive outcomes
Boutueil, Virginie. "Towards a sustainable mobility system : leveraging corporate car fleets to foster innovation." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1203/document.
Full textThe mobility system in France faces increasing sustainability challenges. In response, French public authorities have endeavoured to foster innovation in the mobility system, with a particular focus on the automotive subsystem, where the challenges are most acute. Corporations have a special position in the mobility system: their decisions influence mobility behaviours well beyond corporate mobility patterns alone. Every year in France, 4 out of 10 new light-duty vehicles (including passenger cars and light commercial vehicles) are sold to corporations. Yet, corporate mobility in general, and corporate car fleets in particular, are still blind spots in the collective understanding of the mobility system. The main contribution of our work is to demonstrate that, given their effects on the larger mobility system, and given their sensitivity to public policies, corporate car fleets are a relevant object for research and a relevant matter for public policy discussion. Our research is a multi-method investigation, collecting information from a wide range of sources, including professional journals and legal archives, and cross-checking quantitative results on the composition and use patterns of corporate car fleets from large mobility surveys in France against qualitative insights gained from an exploratory survey of fleet managers in the Paris region. We develop a set of definitions and analytical frameworks for investigating corporate car fleets, including a typology of vehicles based on the various levels of ‘rights' granted to the employee over the vehicle. We show that corporate car fleets could account for 15% of the total light-duty vehicle fleet in France, 25% of its total mileage and 25% to 30% of its CO2 emissions. We also reveal the instrumental role that corporate car fleets can play in setting new trends for France's global vehicle stock. We highlight that the daily patterns of use of corporate vehicles are highly diverse, and partly compatible with electric vehicles. Finally, we show that tax policies have significant effects on the dynamics of the spread of innovations in corporate car fleets. We discuss the implications of these results for policy-making and stress the need for further integration between industrial policies, transport policies, and tax policies. We further emphasise the need for greater coordination between the various levels of government, and for adequate phasing of public policies. At present, more transparency is needed about how long current ‘initiating' policies (e.g. purchase bonus) will last, and how strong the ‘supporting' policies (e.g. low-emission zones) will be in the medium- to long-term
Ramirez, Mendoza Ricardo Ambrocio. "Sur la modélisation et la commande des véhicules automobiles." Grenoble INPG, 1997. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00959734.
Full textThe study presented in this thesis deals with the application of automatic control techniques to automotive field. The modelling and control aspects have been particularly studied. Two main parts may be distinguished. In the first one, independent sub models are developed based on the essential dynamics related to the longitudinal, vertical and lateral behaviors. In this context, the typical main quantifiers to evaluate vehicle dynamic behavior are mentioned, more particularly, the performance, the ride quality and the handling quality. In the second part, some control problems are emphasized that allow to improve the vehicle dynamic behavior. An advanced control methodology developed in the Laboratoire d'Automatique de Grenoble and based on the optimal robust control approach is presented. A control approach to deal with the automatic steering problem is proposed where the feedback is only on the lateral displacement. For simulation evaluation purpose, a vehicle full-scale nonlinear model is used
El, Messoussi Wissam. "Contribution à la commande robuste de la dynamique du véhicule." Amiens, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AMIE0112.
Full textThe automotive domain is in permanent evolution and different challenges and objectives appear, whether these are of technological, safety or environmental nature. The use of automobiles is increasing worldwide and motivates research work in four main areas: drive assistance, safety, comfort, fuel economy and vehicle emissions. In this thesis, we focus on the first and second areas; drive assistance and safety. Whilst a variety of factors contribute to accidents, human errors account for a major part of them. For this reason, a variety of drive assistance systems are being developed by automotive manufacturers to automate mundane driving operations, reduce driver burden and prevent vehicles from spinning, drifting out and rolling over (ESP, ABS, AFU, ACC, REF,…), thus reducing accidents. The research work in this domain remains a challenge. Indeed, such systems are still under development to improve their efficiency in critical drive situations. This thesis focuses on this problem and deals with robust vehicle control. An 11-DOF mathematical model has been developed to describe vehicle dynamics. The nonlinear vehicle model was then approximated by a Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model with structured parametric uncertainties to take into account plant dynamics and controller uncertainties as well as vehicle longitudinal velocity variation, in the control synthesis. In order to validate the developed vehicle model, we compared simulated data with recorded measured data using the software "veDYNA" of vehicle dynamics simulation and also an experimental vehicle equipped with ESP/ABS calculator. After some experiments and suitable driving manoeuvres were carried out, the measured data was then compared to the simulations data, showing a validation of the developed model
Glaser, Sébastien. "Modélisation et analyse d'un véhicule en trajectoires limites. Application au développement de systèmes d'aide à la conduite." Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EVRY0010.
Full textWe propose a new approach for the run-off-road of car-like vehicle problem, based on an expression of a risk function. After the study of the yaw and roll angle trajectory stability using a vehicle/road model, the run-off-road problem has been analysed through three variables: time to line crossing, load transfer on a car axle, and mobilised stiffness. This last one has been used to develop a driving assistance, that warns the driver of excessive speed or inadequate deceleration: by limiting this variable, given the road characteristics, we generate a speed profile. We then give precision requirements on road characteristics based on the analysis of these profiles. We supposed, for the development of this assistance, that the road characteristics are stored on an onboard database. This work can be taken as a base for future development of predictive assistances
Rebut, Julien. "Analyse des conditions de visibilité : applications pour l'assistance à la conduite automobile." Rouen, INSA, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ISAM0017.
Full textZhang, Jingrui. "Contribution à la commande de la dynamique des véhicules." Amiens, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AMIE0201.
Full textMingers, Thierry. "Contribution à l'amélioration des suspensions des véhicules terrestres." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ECAP0417.
Full textRabhi, Abdelhamid. "Estimation de la dynamique du véhicule en interaction avec son environnement." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005VERS0033.
Full textThe general framework of the research is the application of the nonlinear control tools (sliding mode observers, robust control. . . ) and methods for diagnostics in order to improve the security of the vehicle. Motivation of our work is due to the fact that the infrastructure is involved the majority of accidents. The was born, which uses as more as possible the environmental information's in order to study the comportment of the vehicle in its trajectory. The difficulties and the high costs of the sensors, to measure contact forces belween wheel and the ground were an important motivation for design of non linear and robust observers. Then, a new technique for the estimation with cascaded observers was developed to dedu the angular velocities and accelerations of wheels by use of the ABS encoders. This method al/ows us to estimate the longitudinal stiffness of each tire and its effective radius. The adherence also can be reconstructed. Robust observers with unknown inputs are proposed to estimate the road features (profile, slope and inclination angle), which are used to assist the driving. Final/y, we present a method for detecting faults in the dynamics of the vehicle. We have considered only Iwo types of faults: Faults in the suspension system Variation of pressure in tire
Sammier, Damien. "Sur la modélisation et la commande de suspension de véhicules automobiles." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00198474.
Full textColin, Guillaume. "Optimisation du contrôle de la chaîne de traction des véhicules automobiles." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université d'Orléans, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00917564.
Full textRipert, Pierre-Jean. "Modélisation et identification paramétrique de l'effort de contact pneumatique/sol pour la dynamique véhicule." Nantes, 2006. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=7dfc229e-6ee9-466d-bbe3-ca82178b642c.
Full textThis work deals with improvement of tire correlation between real tests and simulations. Two ways are used: in one hand parametric identification methodology and in another hand tire model. Parametric identification methodology is said “guaranteed” because it is designed in a criticism way. Thus with all kind of excitations (from test bench or passenger car), structure model and parameters can be obtained robustly. Tire model is based on the robotic formalism and on empirical specification model of tire/ground interaction forces. The obtained model can be used to specify or to predict tyre static force behaviours and first order dynamics. The developed parametric identification methodology and the tire model are combined to characterise few tires with the PSA Peugeot Citroën test bench. Pertinent and observable behaviours are so deduced. The methodology is applied to cornering force and self aligning torque models dedicated to steering handling. At the end the method is applied to real running car measurements to identify cornering force. It proves the validity of the method both for test bench data and for running car data
Cogoluenhes, Daniel. "Méthode objective d'étude du comportement routier des véhicules industriels." Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0052.
Full textThe dynamic behavior of road vehicles is a most important part of active vehicle safety. The interaction between the driver, the vehicle and the environment are complex. The objective study of vehicle properties shall be leaded at identical test conditions, without the driver's control. A fully comprehensive analytical formulation of lateral motion equations (e. G. Yaw rate and slip angle) coupled with a detailed description of roll multidegrees-of-freedom models is provided for heavy trucks and multi-articulated, multi-axled heavy vehicles. A simulation's software, based on these equations, was written to aid both the definition of conception's criterions and also the vehicles final development. In parallel, the experimental aspects are described. They include mechanical properties measurements (e. G. Center of gravity height, suspension parameters, tyre behavior) on test rigs, required for the fitting of simulation data. Moreover, they include measurements of handling characteristics and dynamic behavior on test tracks. Finally, correlations are made between test and calculated results
Ketfi-Cherif, Ahmed. "Modélisation mathématique d'organes de véhicules automobiles à basse consommation : applications en simulation, estimation et commande." Paris 9, 1999. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1999PA090037.
Full textChaïbet, Ahmed. "Contrôle latéral et longitudinal pour le suivi de véhicule." Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EVRY0007.
Full textThis work deals with the vehicle low speed automation problem. In order to control problems such as traffic jams, accidents and driver stress, a possible solution is to act on the infrastructure by creating additional lanes, but the cost is very high and the available place is limited. Thus, another possible solution to increase passengers safety, to reduce the driver’s stress and to improve traffic conditions is to adopt an automated driving. Among the various tasks that the vehicle has to perform are coupled lateral and longitudinal controls. The first one consists on the positioning of the vehicle on the road and acts on the steering angle, while the second consists in maintaining a safety distance with respect to the preceding vehicle by generating acceleration or braking. So, it is necessary to have reliable, robust and powerful techniques. This work is organized as follows: A first part is devoted to the non-linear modelling of the vehicle (it includes the coupling of the lateral and longitudinal dynamics) and to the positioning between the vehicle follower and leader both in the lateral and longitudinal directions. The second part is dedicated to the reconstruction of nonmeasurable variables. As a matter of fact, the control of the dynamic systems often requires the knowledge of variables that are not directly accessible. Algorithms to reconstruct these unknown variables starting from measurable ones are then needed. In order to carry out this task, we have chosen to use a sliding mode observer. The adopted choice is justified by its robustness and simplicity. The third part is devoted to the design of control laws. Two robust and non-linear approaches were proposed to treat the problem: the first and second order sliding mode techniques as well
Crauser, Jean-Pierre. "Méthodologie statistique pour l'étude des cinématiques et des consommations de véhicules légers." Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20162.
Full textIzri-Lahleb, Sonia. "Architecture de fusion de données pour le suivi dynamique de véhicules." Amiens, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AMIE0603.
Full textBom, Jonathan. "Etude et mise en oeuvre d'un convoi de véhicules urbains avec accrochage immatériel." Phd thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2006. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00694007/document.
Full textBom, Jonathan. "Etude et mise en oeuvre d'un convoi de véhicules urbains avec accrochage immatériel." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00694007.
Full textHéry, Elwan. "Localisation coopérative de véhicules autonomes communicants." Thesis, Compiègne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019COMP2516.
Full textTo be able to navigate autonomously, a vehicle must be accurately localized relatively to all obstacles, such as roadside for lane keeping and vehicles and pedestrians to avoid causing accidents. This PhD thesis deals with the interest of cooperation to improve the localization of cooperative vehicles that exchange information. Autonomous navigation on the road is often based on coordinates provided in a Cartesian frame. In order to better represent the pose of a vehicle with respect to the lane in which it travels, we study curvilinear coordinates with respect to a path stored in a map. These coordinates generalize the curvilinear abscissa by adding a signed lateral deviation from the center of the lane and an orientation relative to the center of the lane taking into account the direction of travel. These coordinates are studied with different track models and using different projections to make the map-matching. A first cooperative localization approach is based on these coordinates. The lateral deviation and the orientation relative to the lane can be known precisely from a perception of the lane borders, but for autonomous driving with other vehicles, it is important to maintain a good longitudinal accuracy. A one-dimensional data fusion method makes it possible to show the interest of the cooperative localization in this simplified case where the lateral deviation, the curvilinear orientation and the relative positioning between two vehicles are accurately known. This case study shows that, in some cases, lateral accuracy can be propagated to other vehicles to improve their longitudinal accuracy. The correlation issues of the errors are taken into account with a covariance intersection filter. An ICP (Iterative Closest Point) minimization algorithm is then used to determine the relative pose between the vehicles from LiDAR points and a 2D polygonal model representing the shape of the vehicle. Several correspondences of the LiDAR points with the model and different minimization approaches are compared. The propagation of absolute vehicle pose using relative poses with their uncertainties is done through non-linear equations that can have a strong impact on consistency. The different dynamic elements surrounding the ego-vehicle are estimated in a Local Dynamic Map (LDM) to enhance the static high definition map describing the center of the lane and its border. In our case, the agents are only communicating vehicles. The LDM is composed of the state of each vehicle. The states are merged using an asynchronous algorithm, fusing available data at variable times. The algorithm is decentralized, each vehicle computing its own LDM and sharing it. As the position errors of the GNSS receivers are biased, a marking detection is introduced to obtain the lateral deviation from the center of the lane in order to estimate these biases. LiDAR observations with the ICP method allow to enrich the fusion with the constraints between the vehicles. Experimental results of this fusion show that the vehicles are more accurately localized with respect to each other while maintaining consistent poses
Zhu, Ye. "Modélisation simplifiée et méthodologie d'intégration des faisceaux électriques dans les simulations numériques pour des applications de pré-dimensionnement CEM en avance de phase." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF21789.
Full textKarim, Ouattara. "Etude des stratégies de refroidissement pour convertisseurs électroniques dans des véhicules automobiles hybrides." Grenoble INPG, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPG0100.
Full textAckermann, Claire-Lise. "Cognition implicite et comportement du consommateur : application à deux marques de véhicules automobiles." Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NANT4031.
Full textAttitude is an object-evaluation association, which is automatically activated by mere presentation of the attitude object. Implicit Cognition theory proposes a conceptual distinction between evaluations that are the products of introspection, called explicit attitudes. And automatic evaluations that may exist outside of conscious awareness, called implicit attitudes. This focusing on non conscious and automatic processes, has widely been neglected by consumer research. The new implicit measures assess automatic associative evaluations without introspection: among those new measuring tools. The Implicit Association Test (IAT) shows the best psychometric properties and is the most commonly used in consumer research. Our research revealed that the implicit attitude concept and the IAT are a viable concept and a reliable measure for research on innovation. Our research has also revealed that personal involvement and innovativeness affect the strength of the relationship between implicit attitude and explicit attitude. But that this moderating effect is not significant. These results suggest that the IAT may be instrumental in the market research methods used by marketers during the whole innovation process. They also reveal additional subjects of research such as: building an integrative framework to determine when the use of the IAT is relevant in innovation research; understanding better the impact of Brand Equity on consumer behaviour through an implicit cognitive approach ; integrating the implicit attitude concept in the hierarchy-of-effects models linking representations and both explicit and implicit attitudes
Lizieux, Jocelyne. "Pollution par les véhicules automobiles : avantages et inconvénients de l'utilisation des pots d'échappement catalytiques." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2P005.
Full textDreifuss, Muriel. "Le stationnement des véhicules automobiles dans les centres urbains : la genèse d'un service public." Lyon 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO22001.
Full textThe police of parking on the streets can't solve correctly the parking issue in city centers anymore. Progressively, local authorities made payment compulsary to increase the vehicule turnover. Parking payment has become the rule in large or mid - size towns. On the judicial plane, only the qualification of public service can justify the fames collected on users. The resources coming from surface parking allow authorities to finance public service as a whole, and particularly public car parks, which have become indispensable. As many public services, the management of parking service is often liberally delegated to manging organisations. As a matter of fact, to attract private investors and ensure service continuity, local authorities grant them rather substantial financial aids
Perrin, Olivier. "Modélisation et diagnostic de pannes dans des organes de véhicules automobiles à basse consommation." Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN10158.
Full textAbdellahi, Elmoustapha. "Commande robuste avec modèle de référence : application à la suspension active des véhicules automobiles." Poitiers, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001POIT2340.
Full textEl, Orche Mohamed. "Développement de systèmes paramétriques physiques pour l'analyse d'impact de véhicules multi-corps flexibles lors d'un accident et algorithme d'indentification." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30362/30362.pdf.
Full textIn this study, two types of physical parametric models built using a combination of springs, masses and links are introduced for a vehicle frontal crash study. In addition, two 5DOF linear parametric models (LMS) are proposed and checked, based on the previous investigation made by Mr Javad Marzbanrad and Mostafa Pahlavani. The values of spring and dampers have been determined using an optimisation of deceleration, considering the numerical results from finite element and experimental results. These determined values have been calculated on the basis of minimisation of the root mean square of the difference between simulated and experimental results as occurred for occupants in the frontal crash.
Turlier, Stéphane. "Accès et personnalisation de contenu multimédia à la demande dans un véhicule." Paris, Télécom ParisTech, 2011. https://pastel.hal.science/pastel-00683823.
Full textThe recent advent of connected vehicle platforms permits the distribution of infotainment assets to drivers and passengers with pulled and pushed workflows in a comparable manner to current mobile handsets. However, vehicles differ technically from mobile phones in terms of capability and in terms of usage. This thesis tackles the subject of personalised media delivery to motorists. We first study the technical characteristics of vehicle infotainment platforms, media assets and metadata in order to identify the requirements of a media delivery architecture for a vehicle. Based on those constraints, we have specified a media on-demand framework, which has been developed in a prototype. Afterwards, we tackle the topic of personalisation in light of two complementary point of views : on the one hand, the driver can process active personalisation when using a proper human machine interface. We present a music browser for online libraries that allows the creation of multicriteria playlists while driving. On the other hand, we analyse passive personalisation, which makes use of the driving context. We discuss the repartition of the functional components and build up a distributed architecture, which takes into account individual context preferences and their integration in the multimedia architecture that we have formerly presented. Eventually, the different solutions are evaluated according to experimental and expert methods
Marachlian, Jacques. "Modélisation et gestion de la thermique globale d’un véhicule en vue de réduire les émissions de CO2." Nancy 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN10110.
Full textMeissonnier, Julien. "Identification des paramètres géométriques et élastocinématiques de mécanismes de liaison au sol automobile." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2006. https://theses.hal.science/docs/00/70/22/70/PDF/2006CLF21677.pdf.
Full textDoncque, Pierre. "Contribution à la liaison au sol des véhicules à 2 roues." Le Mans, 2003. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2003/2003LEMA1022.pdf.
Full textThe goal of this work is the design of new suspension systems for two-wheeled vehicles. This study based on a complete knowledge of mechanical actions between the ground and the wheels has eonducted to the design of the chassis and the front and rear wheel suspension whether they are guided for the rear wheel or pilot for the front wheel. The gyroscopic nature of the wheels has conducted this work also and their roll guidance revealed to be essential. The transition from a frame to a chassis and from a torsional rear arm to a very rigid structure between the rear wheel and the chassis characterises the modern evolution of motorcycles. The first chapter deals with the mechanical model including 4 solids: chassis, steering column and torus shaped wheels. It contains the drawing of ground contact points location which helps to understand the direct (with the hands) and indirect (without the hands) piloting strategy, the gravity and dynamic restoring actions (similar to gravity restoring action in constant radius bends). The 2nd chapter deals with wheel suspension mechanisms. For the rear wheel, it is a rod rocker single damper mechanism. Various technological solutions were proposed and lead to two patents. For the front wheel. A quasi exhaustive figure presents the various wheel guidance mechanisms according to the number of solids. This review study leads to anew guidance mechanism decoupling suspension and filtering. Lastly, the 3rd chapter deals with structural links between the wheels and the engine. This led to 2 chassis models of reticulated isostatic type (IRS) and a truncated pyramidal rear arm. In the motorcycle racing domain, the author developed the rear suspension rocker ; the lateral chassis and the pyramidal rear arm. This synthesis was found efficient immediately. G. Godier won the endurance championship in 1975 with a victory at Le Mans “Bol d’Or”
Khammari, Ayoub. "Système embarqué de détection multi-sensorielle de véhicules : application à la gestion intelligente des interdistances." Paris, ENMP, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENMP1319.
Full textThis ph. D. Thesis tackles the problem of improving the robustness of vehicle detection for acc applications. In fact, one corporal accident out of four is due to a rear collision. For this sake, we combine two sensors : a frontal camera and a laser scanner. The improvement of the robustness stems from two aspects. First, we addressed the visionb based detection by developing an original approach based on fine gradient analysis, enhanced with the algorithm adaboost/ga for vehicle recognition. Then, we use the theory of evidence as a fusion framework to combine confidences delivered by the sensors and algorithms in order to improve the classification "vehicle vs. Non vehicle". The final architecture of the system is not only modular but also generic and flexible, that it could be used for other detection applications. The system was successfully implemented on lara, the prototype vehicle of the robotics center. It was evaluated at the final session of the project arcos and has demonstrated its fiability over various test scenarios elaborated specifically for acc applications
Mafrica, Stefano. "Capteurs visuels bio-inspirés pour des applications robotiques et automobiles." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4029/document.
Full textThanks to the advances in the fields of robotics and intelligent transportation systems (ITS), the autonomous vehicles of the future are gradually becoming a reality. As autonomous vehicles will have to behave safely in presence of other vehicles, pedestrians and other fixed and moving objects, one of the most important things they need to do is to effectively perceive both their motion and the environment around them. In this thesis, we first investigated how bio-inspired visual sensors, giving 1-D optic flow using a few pixels based on the findings on the fly’s visual system, could be used to improve automatic parking maneuvers. We subsequently tested a novel bio-inspired silicon retina, showing that the novel pixel, called M2APix, can auto-adapt in a 7-decade range and respond appropriately to step changes up to ±3 decades, while keeping sensitivity to contrasts as low as 2%. We lastly developed and tested a novel optic flow sensor based on this auto-adaptive retina and a new robust method for computing the optic flow, which is robust to the light levels, textures and vibrations that can be found while operating on the road. We also constructed a car-like robot, called BioCarBot, which estimates its velocity and steering angle by means of an extended Kalman filter (EKF) using only the optic flow measurements delivered by two downward-facing sensors of this kind
Shonda, Osoko Fredy. "Contribution au développement d’outils numériques d’analyse exergétique pour l’optimisation des groupes motopropulseurs de véhicules automobiles." Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ISAL0121.
Full textThe ambitious commitment of automotive manufacturers to reduce CO2 emissions leads us to the study of energy recovery systems or new hybridisation concepts. It implies the integration of more and more complex physical components as well as adequate energy management strategies. Since we deal with the use, the conversion and the storage of many types of energy (e. G. Mechanical, pneumatic…), the transient exergy analysis of powertrains becomes essential for the determination of the eventual fuel saving corresponding to a diversity of vehicle architectures i. E. Thermal, pneumatic hybrid, electric hybrid. Therefore, we developed a numerical library that complies with the bond-graph modelling principle and is made up of exergy flow sensors and models of physical components that are modified in a way to include the terms of exergy storage and destruction. We use this library to determine the exergy of exhaust gases over all the operating points of the thermal engine (with respect to the engine load and rotary speed). Thus, we obtain the theoretical limits of the energy conversion at different measurement points of the exhaust line. Beside, we also used the “exergy” library in order to quantify the wastes and destructions of exergy within a pneumatic hybrid vehicle over different driving cycles. The model includes the thermal aspects of the air tank that affect the fuel consumption. Thus, we benefit from an additional criterion for the comparison of energy recovery systems to each other
Weber, Philippe. "Modélisation et identification d'un système de freinage pour véhicules automobiles et conception de la commande." Mulhouse, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MULH0209.
Full textKamp, Jean-François. "Interaction homme-machine a bord des véhicules automobiles : étude des modalités et des dispositifs d'interaction." Paris, ENST, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ENST0002.
Full textRibière-Tharaud, Nicolas. "Amélioration des méthodes de qualification des véhicules automobiles en CEM : applications aux faisceaux de câbles." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112213.
Full textMahmoudi, Madjid. "Corrélation entre essais de CEM sur table et essais sur véhicules d' équipements pour automobiles." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066438.
Full textBoutevin, Corinne. "Problèmes d'ordonnancement et d'affectation avec contraintes de ressources de type RCPSP et line balancing." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF21464.
Full textChaaban, Khaled. "Architecture Informatique Temps-Réel Pour Véhicules Avancés." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00126989.
Full textDang, Thanh Thuy Van. "Méthodes pour l'analyse de cycle de vie des batteries lithium-ion des véhicules électriques." Paris, ENMP, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENMP0051.
Full textA framework enabling an application of Life Cycle Assessment approach to various technologies of Lithium-ion Electric Vehicles batteries is created. It encompasses all the life cycle of the product (Manufacturing – Use – End of Life). More precisely, a specific LCA database for Li-ion batteries is constructed and batteries life cycle is successfully modeled. Others difficulties are discussed and solved during this works, such as the choice of batteries functional unit, system modularity, uncertainties of the Use phase and of batteries' lifetime, allocation rules for batteries End of Life… A sensibility analysis is carried out and shows that LCA results strongly depend on chosen data and scenarios. Main conclusions obtained from the base case of our studies are: - Climate change potential of a battery is about 10 - 15 kg CO2 éq/kg of batteries. This amount takes into account the manufacturing and the end of life. Others environmental impacts are also quantified (regional impacts such as acidification, eutrophisation; human toxicity and ecotoxicity…). - Batteries LCA results are sensitive regarding to the choice of its materials, of the manufacturing processes and of the geographic parameters. - Materials recovery during the End of Life phase leads to environmental benefit for the global impacts of the batteries. However, it depends on the recycling process (pyrometallurgical and/or hydrometallurgical), as well as on the nature of recovered materials. - Batteries leasing scenario can help minimizing environmental impacts of Electric Vehicles park. In order to facilitate eco-conception of Li-ion batteries, a simplified LCA model is created, which reduces times and costs of future LCA studies while ensuring the same accuracy
Chamaillard, Yann. "Modélisation et identification de systèmes complexes : application à des véhicules routiers en vue de l'étude d'un nouveau système de freinage." Mulhouse, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MULH0437.
Full textChateauroux, Élodie. "Analyse du mouvement d'accessibilité au poste de conduite d'une automobile en vue de la simulation : cas particulier des personnes âgées." Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2009ISAL0037/these.pdf.
Full textThis study takes place in the context of Digital Human models used to test the ergonomics of environments such as automotives in the earliest stages of the design process. Yet, these tools do not take into account the aging of the population. The car ingress and egress motions are particularly problematic for seniors. This thesis aims at analysing car accessibly movements of elderly people in order to 1/ better understand their difficulties and 2/ simulate these motions using a digital human model. Eighteen elderly and 7 young subjects participated in the experiment. Ingress and egress motions were captured for four types of vehicle and discomfort ratings were collected by a questionnaire. As age effects differ from one person to another, the functional capacities were measured using clinical tests to draw a portrait of the abilities of each elderly subject. Results of these tests are used to define 3 groups of people: those who have a functional problem, those with “mediocre” capacities and those who have good capacities. Ingress and egress motions are analysed through the interaction between the subject and the environment in order to define the constraints linked to vehicle design. Two major strategies have been observed for the ingress and egress movements. The strategies “Sit First” and “Two Legs Out” are used by people with functional problems. The strategies “Right Leg First” and “Left Leg First” are the most observed ingress and egress strategies, regardless of functional capacities. These movements are decomposed into phases for which sub-strategies are defined. The interactions between the hands and the environmental seem to play an important role. Compensation mechanisms are observed in the movements of persons with functional problems. The discomfort questionnaires show that elderly subjects face more problems when exiting than when entering a car. Discomfort ratings are influenced by the functional abilities of subjects but the results are very heterogeneous. An explanation would be that these ratings also reflect the preferences of subjects in terms of car accessibility. An external examiner would then better assess the difficulties of elderly people. The captured movements are structured in databases in order to simulate the accessibility movements of elderly using the RPx software