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Books on the topic 'Parenchyme'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Sahay, Manisha. Diseases of renal parenchyma. Intech, 2012.

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2

Fervenza, Fernando C., Julie Lin, Sanjeev Sethi, and Ajay K. Singh, eds. Core Concepts in Parenchymal Kidney Disease. Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8166-9.

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3

Poletti, Venerino, ed. Transbronchial cryobiopsy in diffuse parenchymal lung disease. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14891-1.

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4

Jepson, Mark Andrew. Physiological and pathological implications of hepatic parenchymal heterogeneity. University of Birmingham, 1988.

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5

Bush, Andrew, and Jane C. Davies. Paediatric respiratory disease: Parenchymal diseases : an atlas of investigation and management. Clinical Pub., 2011.

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6

MD) Hales Lung Conference (1st 2009 Baltimore. Proceedings of 2009 Hales Lung Conference: Clinical and pathophysiolgic aspects of diffuse parenchymal disease, April 27, 2009, Baltimore, MD : clinical and pathophysiologic aspects of diffuse parenchymal lung disease. BoBitField, 2011.

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7

Brown, Laurence Andrew. A functional and morphological investigation of the mechanisms of cerebral blood flow-metabolism coupling in parenchymal microvessels. University of Birmingham, 2000.

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8

Archaeological Parenchyma. Archetype Publications Ltd, 2000.

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9

Hather, Jon G. Archaeological Parenchyma. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315434490.

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10

Sahay, Manisha, ed. Diseases of Renal Parenchyma. InTech, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/2484.

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11

Davey, Patrick, Sherif Gonem, and David Sprigings. Interstitial lung disease. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0139.

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The interstitial lung diseases, also known as the diffuse or diffuse parenchymal lung diseases, are a broad group of pulmonary disorders which mainly affect the lung parenchyma as opposed to the airways. By convention, infectious and malignant conditions are excluded from this definition. Thus, the interstitial lung diseases comprise a group of conditions characterized by variable degrees of inflammation and fibrosis, centred on the lung interstitium and alveolar airspaces.

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12

Diffuse parenchymal lung disease. Karger, 2007.

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13

Delcourt, Candice, and Craig Anderson. Management of parenchymal haemorrhage. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0237.

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Parenchymal intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) affects several million people in the world each year, most of whom reside in developing countries. ICH accounts for 10-40% of strokes and is the least treatable form of stroke with a 30-day mortality of 30-55%, with half of these deaths occurring within the first few days of onset. . High blood pressure is both a causal and prognostic factor for ICH, with early control of hypertension being the only medical treatment which may improve recovery and the level of residual functioning. The role of surgery remains controversial. Management is largely sup

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14

Costabel, U., R. M. du Bois, and J. J. Egan, eds. Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease. S. Karger AG, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/isbn.978-3-318-01377-1.

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15

Fervenza, Fernando C., Ajay K. Singh, Julie Lin, and Sanjeev Sethi. Core Concepts in Parenchymal Kidney Disease. Springer, 2013.

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16

Fervenza, Fernando C., Ajay K. Singh, Julie Lin, and Sanjeev Sethi. Core Concepts in Parenchymal Kidney Disease. Springer, 2015.

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17

Fervenza, Fernando C., Julie Lin, and Sanjeev Sethi. Core Concepts in Parenchymal Kidney Disease. Springer, 2013.

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18

Poletti, Venerino. Transbronchial cryobiopsy in diffuse parenchymal lung disease. Springer, 2019.

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19

Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease (Progress in Respiratory Research). S. Karger AG (Switzerland), 2007.

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20

THOMAS. Hepatic Non Parenchymal Cells And Their Role In Disease. Chapman & Hall, 1996.

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21

Charidimou, Andreas, Eric Jouvent, and Susanne J. Van Veluw, eds. Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases: From Vessel Alterations to Cortical Parenchymal Injury. Frontiers Media SA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88963-587-0.

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22

Choongkittaworn, Ngamchit. In vitro replication potential of serially passaged mammary parenchyma from mice with different reproductive histories. 1986.

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23

Török, M. Estée, Fiona J. Cooke, and Ed Moran. Neurological infections. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199671328.003.0019.

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This chapter covers both acute bacterial and viral, and chronic, meningitis, as well as tuberculous, cryptococcal, coccidioidal, and Histoplasma meningitis, describing meningeal symptoms (headache, neck stiffness, vomiting, photophobia) and cerebral dysfunction (confusion, coma). The chapter also covers neurocysticercosis (including parenchymal and extra-parenchymal cysts), encephalitis (an inflammatory process in the brain characterized by cerebral dysfunction), as well as brain abscess, cerebritis, subdural empyema, epidural abscess, and cerebrospinal fluid shunt infections.

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24

Levesque, Paul H., and Laura Sheiman. One-View Asymmetry. Edited by Christoph I. Lee, Constance D. Lehman, and Lawrence W. Bassett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190270261.003.0013.

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This chapter, appearing in the section “Asymmetry, Mass, and Distortion,” will discuss the presence of tissue asymmetry visualized only on one view. The distribution of fibroglandular tissue is extremely variable and unique from one patient to another; however, in most patients the parenchyma is usually distributed within the breasts symmetrically in a “mirror-image” fashion. Areas of tissue density (asymmetry) may be seen that are only visualized on the craniocaudal (CC) or mediolateral oblique (MLO) view. In the majority of patients, this finding represents superimposed normal tissue, or isl

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25

Beattie, R. Mark, Anil Dhawan, and John W.L. Puntis. Complications of chronic liver disease. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569862.003.0061.

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Definition 446Growth failure and malnutrition 446Hepatic encephalopathy 448Coagulopathy 449Portal hypertension and variceal bleeding 450Ascites 450Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis 451Hepatorenal syndrome 451Pulmonary complications 452Pruritus 454Hepatic osteodystrophy 454Endocrine dysfunction 455Hepatocellular carcinoma 455The complications of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis are a consequence of the impaired metabolic and synthetic function and structural alteration of the parenchyma leading to elevated portal pressure (...

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26

Dallas, Shannon. Functional expression of multidrug resistance proteins in brain parenchyma: relevance to the pharmacology of HIV-infection in the brain. 2004.

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27

Dallas, Shannon. Functional expression of multidrug resistance proteins in brain parenchyma: Relevance to the pharmacology of HIV-infection in the brain. 2004.

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28

Katritsis, Demosthenes G., Bernard J. Gersh, and A. John Camm. Secondary hypertension. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199685288.003.0502_update_002.

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The causes of secondary hypertension and their therapy are discussed. Considered conditions are secondary hypertension, renovascular hypertension, renal parenchymal disease, primary aldosteronism, phaeochromocytoma, adrenal incidentaloma, and other causes of secondary hypertension.

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29

Beattie, R. Mark, Anil Dhawan, and John W.L. Puntis. Bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections of the liver. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569862.003.0059.

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Bacterial sepsis 428Spirochaetal infections 431Rickettsial infections 432Fungal infections 432Parasitic infections 434Granulomatous hepatitis 437Infectious agents can affect the liver either via direct invasion or by release of toxins. The liver's dual blood supply renders it uniquely susceptible to infection, receiving blood from the intestinal tract via the hepatic portal system, and from the systemic circulation via the hepatic artery. Because of this unique perfusion, the liver is frequently exposed to systemic or intestinal infections or the mediators of toxaemia. The biliary tree provide

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30

Schiff, David, Jonathan Sherman, and Paul D. Brown. Metastatic tumours: spinal cord, plexus, and peripheral nerve. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199651870.003.0020.

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Systemic cancers produce substantial neurological morbidity when they spread to the spinal epidural space, producing epidural spinal cord compression—a neurological emergency. Less often, metastases spread directly to spinal cord parenchyma to manifest as intramedullary spinal cord metastasis or result in peripheral nerve dysfunction via compression of the brachial, lumbosacral, or, rarely, the cervical plexus. This chapter reviews the clinical manifestations and risk factors for development of these entities, the diagnostic approach, management options including the role of surgery, radiation

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31

Kortgen, Andreas, and Michael Bauer. Hepatic function in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0175.

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The liver with its parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells plays a key role in the organism with manifold functions of metabolism, synthesis, detoxification, excretion, and host response. This requires a portfolio of different tests to obtain an overview of hepatic function. In the critically ill hepatic dysfunction is common and potentially leading to extrahepatic organ dysfunctions culminating in multi-organ failure. Conventional laboratory measures are used to evaluate hepatocellular damage, cholestasis, or synthesis. They provide valuable (differential) diagnostic data and can yield prognost

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32

Lambert, Heather. Primary vesicoureteric reflux and reflux nephropathy. Edited by Adrian Woolf. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0355_update_001.

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Vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) describes the flow of urine from the bladder into the upper urinary tract when the ureterovesical junction fails to perform as a one-way valve. Most commonly, VUR is primary, though it can be secondary to bladder outflow obstruction and can occur in several multiorgan congenital disorders. There is good evidence of a genetic basis with a greatly increased risk of VUR in children with a family history of VUR. VUR is a congenital disorder, which largely shows improvement or complete resolution with age. Fetal VUR may be associated with parenchymal developmental defect

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33

Millar, Professor Ann B., Dr Richard Leach, Dr Rebecca Preston, et al. Respiratory diseases and respiratory failure. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199565979.003.0005.

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Chapter 5 covers respiratory diseases and respiratory failure, including clinical presentations of respiratory disease, assessment of diffuse lung disease, hypoxaemia, respiratory failure, and oxygen therapy, pneumonia, mycobacterial infection, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, mediastinal lesions, pneumothorax, pleural disease, asbestos-related lung disease, diffuse parenchymal (interstitial) lung disease, sarcoidosis, pulmonary hypertension, acute respiratory distress syndrome, bronchiectasis and cystic fibrosis, bronchiolitis, eosinophilic lung disease, airw

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34

Alderson, Helen, Constantina Chrysochou, James Ritchie, and Philip A. Kalra. Ischaemic nephropathy. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0212.

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Ischaemic nephropathy describes loss of renal function or renal parenchyma due to stenosis or occlusion of the renal artery or its branches. In the Western world, this is usually the result of atherosclerotic renovascular disease, but other aetiologies include arteritis, embolic disease, dissection, and fibromuscular disease.Chronic kidney disease is the most common manifestation of ischaemic nephropathy, but hypertension, flash pulmonary oedema, sensitivity to angiotensin blockade, and sensitivity of glomerular filtration rate to blood pressure reduction are all possible manifestations of occ

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35

Durand, Melissa A. Architectural Distortion (Cancer). Edited by Christoph I. Lee, Constance D. Lehman, and Lawrence W. Bassett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190270261.003.0029.

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An architectural distortion (AD) is an alteration of the breast parenchyma, which results in radiating lines or spicules emanating from a point without a distinct mass. It can occur as the primary finding, or it may be an associated feature of a mass, asymmetry, or calcifications. AD is a mammographic finding with a high positive predictive value for malignancy and is a major cause of false-negative screening exams. This chapter, appearing in the section on asymmetry, mass, and distortion, reviews the key imaging and clinical features, imaging protocols, differential diagnoses, management reco

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36

Elwell, Christine, and Kufre Sampson. Neurological tumours. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0237.

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Neurological tumours are categorized by the WHO as follows: neuroepithelial tumours (gliomas, oligodendrogliomas, ependymomas, pineal parenchymal tumours, medulloblastoma, neuronal and neuroglial tumours); cranial and paraspinal nerve tumours (schwannoma, neurofibromas); meningeal tumours (meningiomas); lymphomas; germ cell tumours (germinoma, teratoma); sellar region tumours (cranipharyngioma); and metastases. The tumours are classified according to grade. The WHO histological grading scheme used for astrocytomas is based on mitoses, nuclear pleomorphism, necrosis, and endothelial proliferati

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37

Kayes, Oliver, and Akwasi Amoako. Infertility. Edited by David John Ralph. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0098.

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Surgical sperm retrieval combined with the advent of in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection has enabled many men with obstructive and non-obstructive azoospermia to father their own biological children. Several sperm retrieval techniques have been described to obtain sperm from the vas deferens, epididymis, and testicular parenchyma for use in assisted reproduction technologies. The current techniques have variable success rates but have not been subjected to randomized control trials hence the paucity of good evidence to inform the choice of one technique over the others.

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38

Theeler, Brett J., and Mark R. Gilbert. Primary Central Nervous System Tumors. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0129.

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Ependymomas are rare primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors that are thought to arise from ependymal cells lining the ventricular system located throughout the CNS. Ependymomas occur in all age groups but are more common in the pediatric population. Ependymomas typically present as mass lesions within the ventricular system, brain or spinal cord parenchyma. As with most central nervous system tumors, pathologic evaluation is required for definitive diagnosis. Ependymomas are typically treated with a combination of surgery and radiotherapy although this varies depending on tumor location,

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39

Ferral, Hector. Optimal Imaging Techniques of the Portal Vasculature During TIPS Creation: Use of the CO2 Portogram. Edited by S. Lowell Kahn, Bulent Arslan, and Abdulrahman Masrani. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199986071.003.0074.

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Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt creation is one of the most complex interventional procedures. It requires skills in imaging, vessel catheterization, guidewire techniques, balloon angioplasty, endovascular stent deployment, and embolization techniques. The key step during this procedure is obtaining access into the portal vein. This chapter discusses how to perform a CO2 portogram to obtain access to the portal vein during the creation of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). The CO2 portogram may be performed with an angiographic catheter wedged in the hepatic

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40

Horvath, Laura J. Reduction Mammoplasty. Edited by Christoph I. Lee, Constance D. Lehman, and Lawrence W. Bassett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190270261.003.0061.

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Reduction mammoplasty is a surgical procedure performed to decrease breast size. Breast parenchyma and skin are resected, and the nipple is repositioned to a more superior location on the smaller breast mound. The goals of the procedure are to alleviate a variety of physical and psychological complaints. Because women with a history of reduction surgery are commonly seen for screening mammography and other breast imaging studies, it is important to be aware of the normal post-operative appearance. This chapter, appearing in the section on intervention and surgical change, reviews the key imagi

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41

Aksamit, Timothy R. Diffuse Lung Disease. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199755691.003.0617.

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Diffuse lung disease includes a wide range of parenchymal lung diseases that have infectious, inflammatory, malignant, drug, occupational or environmental, and other causes. Although many identifiable causes are recognized, the cause of most cases of diffuse lung disease in many published series is idiopathic. The clinical course may be acute or prolonged and may progress rapidly to life-threatening respiratory failure with death, or it may be indolent over many years. In most instances, a differential diagnosis can readily be formulated by obtaining the medical history, with emphasis on the n

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42

Circh, Ryan. Community-Acquired Pneumonia. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199976805.003.0022.

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Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is defined as an acute infection of the pulmonary parenchyma in someone who has not recently had close contact with the health care system. Common presentations include abrupt fever and chills, productive cough, purulent sputum, dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, and the absence of rhinorrhea and sore throat. Prompt antibiotics and admission to the correct level of care are essential in emergency management. Chest radiographs and dry computed tomography (CT) scans can be extremely useful in confirming the diagnosis of CAP in immunocompetent patients. Assessment o

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43

Freer, Phoebe E. Skin Lesions. Edited by Christoph I. Lee, Constance D. Lehman, and Lawrence W. Bassett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190270261.003.0050.

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Skin lesions are commonly seen on breast imaging. Often, a raised skin lesion is encountered incidentally during screening mammography and can be mistaken for a mass within the breast parenchyma. In most cases, lesions confined within the dermis are benign. Occasionally, focal skin involvement may be the presenting sign of a breast cancer that is either locally extensive to the skin or has an inflammatory component. This chapter reviews the key imaging and clinical features of skin lesions that may be encountered either incidentally on breast imaging or on diagnostic imaging as an area of pati

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44

Haghighi, Afshin Borhani, and Bernadette Kalman. Other Proven and Putative Autoimmune Disorders of the CNS. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0094.

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Behcet’s Disease (BD) is a multiorgan disorder characterized by oral and genital ulceration, uveitis, and dermatological symptoms. BD is most prevalent in the Mediterranean countries and East Asia, but also occurs in Europe and North America. The etiology remains unknown. Evidence suggests that BD is an autoimmune disorder with complex traits. Neuro-Behcet’s Syndome (NBS) develops in about 5% to 30% of patients with BD and presents with parenchymal or nonparenchymal pathology. The course of NBS is highly variable. Treatment strategies include modulations of the immune response and tissue degen

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45

McCabe, Sam, Christopher Harnain, and Grigory Rozenblit. Use of an Elongated Radiopaque Gelatin Sponge Plug for Tract Occlusion After Hepatic Interventions. Edited by S. Lowell Kahn, Bulent Arslan, and Abdulrahman Masrani. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199986071.003.0088.

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This chapter describes the use of an elongated radiopaque gelatin sponge plug for tract occlusion after percutaneous biliary, portal venous, or hepatic venous access or intervention. Often, embolization coils or a gelatin sponge “slurry” is sufficient for hemostasis following liver intervention. This technique offers an inexpensive, temporary, and readily available option for achieving hemostasis following liver interventions. A contrast-soaked Gelfoam plug is loaded into a delivery cylinder that is advanced into the access sheath and positioned and deployed under fluoroscopic guidance. This t

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46

Thomas, David F. M. Vesicoureteric reflux. Edited by David F. M. Thomas. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0115.

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The term vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) describes the retrograde flow of urine from the bladder into the upper urinary tract. VUR is not a disease entity in its own right. Nevertheless, it has the potential to cause significant morbidity by preventing effective emptying of the urinary tract and by facilitating the transport of bacteria into the upper tract and renal parenchyma. Mechanisms of renal damage associated with VUR include pyelonephritic scarring and congenital dysplasia or hypoplasia. The long-term complications of pyelonephritic scarring may include hypertension, renal failure, and an

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47

Newton, Pippa. Pneumonia. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0129.

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Pneumonia is defined as acute infection of the pulmonary parenchyma, presenting with consistent symptoms and signs and associated with new radiographic shadowing. It may be acute or chronic in onset and involve either one area of a lung (e.g. lobar pneumonia) or be multifocal in nature. It may be community acquired or hospital acquired. Community- acquired pneumonia is defined as pneumonia occurring in an individual with no recent contact with a healthcare setting, or in a patient admitted to hospital with development of symptoms and/or signs of pneumonia within 48 hours of admission. Hospital

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48

Solomon, Tom, and Benedict Michael. Neurological infection. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0229.

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Neurological infections can be broadly subdivided into chronic/subacute and acute. Chronic/subacute infection usually presents with global cognitive decline, with the prototypical disease being progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy due to infection with the JC virus in immunocompromised patients. Acute neurological infections can be defined microbiologically, by the nature of the pathogen; clinically, by the presenting signs and symptoms and initial CSF findings; or anatomically. The anatomical definitions are those occurring intracranially (‘meningitis’, where infection involves the meni

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49

Siebert, Stefan, Sengupta Raj, and Alexander Tsoukas. Complications of axial spondyloarthritis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755296.003.0009.

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In addition to the well-recognized extra-articular manifestations (EAMs) of ankylosing spondylitis (AS), this condition can also be associated with a number of clinically important complications. While EAMs are considered part of the spondyloarthritis (SpA), the complications are generally a consequence of having the disease. Patients with AS are at increased risk of osteoporosis and spinal fractures. The latter may occur after seemingly minor trauma and may lead to significant neurological compromise. Other potential neurological complications include atlantoaxial subluxation and compressive

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50

Lam, Diana L., and Habib Rahbar. Non-Mass Enhancement on MRI. Edited by Christoph I. Lee, Constance D. Lehman, and Lawrence W. Bassett. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190270261.003.0031.

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Breast cancer presents on MRI as an enhancing finding on post-contrast T1-weighted images that is distinct from normal background parenchymal enhancement (BPE), and these enhancing lesions can be further described as a focus, mass, or non-mass enhancement (NME). Each enhancing lesion, with the exception of a focus, can be described further with specific morphological features that are defined by the ACR BI-RADS Atlas. This chapter reviews the key imaging and clinical features, imaging protocols and pitfalls, differential diagnoses, and management recommendations of a focus of enhancement and n

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