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1
Udayakumara, A. R. P. C., and H. K. S. Niranjana. "A Criminological Study on Family Environmental Factors Affecting Child Sexual Abuse in Sri Lanka." Vidyodaya Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 07, no. 02 (July 1, 2022): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31357/fhss/vjhss.v07i02.08.
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Child sexual abuse is a serious crime prohibited by Sri Lankan criminal law, which is discussed under child abuse. There are various factors that contribute to the sexual abuse of children. This research has conducted a criminological study of the family environmental factors affecting child sexual abuse in Sri Lanka. The research was conducted in the Kalutara and Colombo districts of the Western Province and 228 sexually abused children were used as the main sample in 2015-2020. Two separate samples were also used for officers on duty with regard to parents and children from the victims. The data obtained from the research have been extensively analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. 87% of victims of sexual abuse are girls. The majority of 42% represent the 15-17 category. 47% of the majority are victims of corruption. The boyfriend (42%) is responsible for most of the abuse. 33% of victims have been sexually abused in their own home and 32% in the home of the abuser. Family vulnerabilities such as family economic difficulties, parental ignorance, extramarital affairs, single parent family, parental separation, family disputes, parental emigration, paternal and drug abuse, various physical and mental disorders of the parents, family moral decline, and breakdown of parent-child cooperation And various problems of children, problems in the social environment can be identified as factors contributing to sexual abuse. A child faces many problems when he or she is sexually abused. This physical, mental and social impact is detrimental not only to the child affected but also to his family, society and the country as a whole. It can be pointed out that an integrated approach is more effective in controlling and preventing child sexual abuse.
2
Carlson, K. P. "Child Abuse or Parent Abuse?" PEDIATRICS 113, no. 1 (December 31, 2003): 181–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.113.1.181.
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3
Serah, Abijo Temitayo, Huzili Hussein, and Hanif Suhairi. "Antecedents of Children of Alcohol Abused Parents: Grounded Theory Analysis." IRA International Journal of Education and Multidisciplinary Studies 11, no. 3 (July 6, 2018): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jems.v11.n3.p1.
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<p>This research endeavored to fill the knowledge gap in children of alcohol abuse parents by uncovering one of the five fundamental themes of children of alcohol abuse parent, that is, the antecedents that add to the working hypothesis or paradigm model of the phenomenon. In-depth interviews were conducted with 19 children and seven parents who were recruited through Alcohol Abuse and Family Support Agency. A Grounded Theory approach was adopted to analyze the transcribed interview data. Nvivo 10 software was used in analyzing the data by methodologically coding and categorizing the data in open, axial and selective coding. Five major themes emerged from the analysis, which is referred to as antecedents of parents’ alcohol abuse phenomenon, Description of alcohol abuse phenomenon, Contexts and prevailing conditions affecting alcohol abuse, coping strategies and consequences of alcohol abuse on children. Based on this, the study was set out to construct a grounded theory of the phenomena of children in the alcohol abused families in Nigeria rooted in the description of their own comprehensive experience. This study is planned to benefit all parties: parents, teachers, counselors and other stakeholders to minimize the effect of parent alcohol abuse on children.</p>
4
Moini, R. "Different types of abuse of children with ADHD by parents." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72914-5.
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ObjectivesIt is well studied that children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are physically abused by their parent. However, there are few studies on different forms of abuse.MethodThe parents of a clinical sample of 108 children and adolescents with ADHD and 102 mothers of a control group were included in this study. The ADHD diagnosis was made according to DSM-IV diagnostic criteria, using K-SAD. The Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scales (CTSPC) was used to assess the frequency of the three different forms of child abuse by their parents including “Nonviolence discipline”, “parental psychological aggression” and “parental physical aggression”.ResultsThe mean scores of “nonviolent discipline”, “parental psychological aggression” and “parental physical aggression” for the parents of children with ADHD were more than those of the control group. “Parental psychological aggression” and “Parental physical aggression” were significantly correlated with each other.ConclussionThe physical abuse of children with ADHD by their parents is very common. However, Child abuse in children with ADHD occurs in a cluster of different types of abuse irrespective of parental age or education. So, other types of abuse should be considered in the management of children with ADHD.
5
Simmons, Melanie L., Troy E. McEwan, and Rosemary Purcell. "“But All Kids Yell at Their Parents, Don’t They?”: Social Norms About Child-to-Parent Abuse in Australia." Journal of Family Issues 40, no. 11 (April 15, 2019): 1486–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x19842587.
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Child-to-parent abuse has been hampered by a lack of attention to what behaviors are commonly perceived as abusive and a poor understanding of when children’s behavior stops being difficult, but normative, and becomes abusive. This study investigated what Australian parents and young people perceived as abusive behavior by children toward parents. Convenience samples of (a) parents of young people aged 14 to 25 years ( n = 201) and (b) young people aged 14 to 25 years ( n = 586) were asked to define at what frequency they believed that 40 child-to-parent behaviors became abusive. Both parents and young people perceived that children could abuse their parents, but young people were more permissive when defining abuse than were parents for behaviors involving physical aggression without injury, financial abuse, humiliation, or intimidation. The findings have implications for child-to-parent abuse measurement, particularly in relation to how coercive and verbally aggressive behavior is (or is not) defined as abusive.
6
Carroll, Lara G., and Philip Birch. "Exploring the experiences of children whose parents are incarcerated." Abuse: An International Journal 3, no. 1 (April 4, 2022): 74–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.37576/abuse.2022.032.
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This article presents a component of analysis undertaken as part of a larger study that examined how incarcerated parents reconnect with their children upon release from prison. In this paper children’s experience of that process are presented. Using a Rapid Evidence Assessment framework, themes yielded from the analysis centred on: (1) the formal and informal support available to children who experience separation from one or both parents who are in prison, (2) the long-term effects absent parents have on children’s lives, and (3) exploring the experience children have once a parent is released from prison. The paper concludes by reflecting on throughcare and resettlement processes that children are faced with following parental incarceration.
7
Pillay, A. L., and M. B. W. van der Veen. "Prevalence of Parental Substance-Abuse among Child Psychiatric Inpatients." Perceptual and Motor Skills 84, no. 3 (June 1997): 947–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1997.84.3.947.
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Of 100 consecutive admissions to an acute child psychiatric facility in South Africa 43 bad at least one substance-abusing parent, while 10 children were from families in which both parents abused substances. 23 children received a diagnosis of depression, but no significant association was found between their diagnoses and parental substance-abuse status.
8
Cottrell, Barbara, and Peter Monk. "Adolescent-to-Parent Abuse." Journal of Family Issues 25, no. 8 (November 2004): 1072–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x03261330.
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Kennair, Nicola, and David Mellor. "Parent Abuse: A Review." Child Psychiatry and Human Development 38, no. 3 (June 13, 2007): 203–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10578-007-0061-x.
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Svensson, Bengt, Torkel Richert, and Björn Johnson. "Parents’ experiences of abuse by their adult children with drug problems." Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 37, no. 1 (November 11, 2019): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1455072519883464.
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Aims: To examine parents’ experiences of abuse directed at them by their adult children with drug problems. Material and Method: The material consists of 32 qualitative interviews on child-to-parent abuse with 24 mothers and eight fathers. The interviewees had experienced verbal abuse (insults), emotional abuse (threats), financial abuse (damage to property and possessions) and physical abuse (physical violence). Findings: In the parents’ narratives, the parent-child interaction is dominated by the child’s destructive drug use, which the parents are trying to stop. This gives rise to conflicts and ambivalence. The parents’ accounts seem to function as explaining and justifying their children’s disruptive behavior in view of the drug use. The fact that an external factor - drugs - is blamed seems to make it easier to repair the parent-child bonds. The parents differentiate between the child who is sober and the child who is under the influence of drugs, that is, between the genuine child and the fake, unreal child. The sober child is a person that the parent likes and makes an effort for. The child who is on drugs is erratic, at times aggressive and self-destructive. Conclusions: The interviewed parents’ well-being is perceived as directly related to how their children’s lives turn out. The single most important factor in improving the parents’ situation is to find a way for their adult child to live their lives without drug problems.
11
Biehal, Nina. "Parent Abuse by Young People on the Edge of Care: A Child Welfare Perspective." Social Policy and Society 11, no. 2 (January 16, 2012): 251–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746411000595.
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This article reports on parent abuse by 112 young people within a sample of 209 families with adolescent children who were receiving family support services, presenting both young people and parents’ accounts of this abuse. Drawing on an analysis of quantitative data, it also reports on the characteristics, histories and circumstances of the young people and families and examines the predictors of parent abuse. Lone mothers were more likely to be victims of this abuse. Many of the young people had experienced maltreatment and those who had witnessed domestic violence were more likely to be violent to parents.
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Kauppi, Anne Leena Marika, Tuija Vanamo, Kari Karkola, and Juhani Merikanto. "Fatal child abuse: a study of 13 cases of continuous abuse." Mental Illness 4, no. 1 (January 30, 2012): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/mi.2012.e2.
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A parent who continuously physically abuses her/his child doesn't aim to kill the child but commits an accidental filicide in a more violent outburst of anger. Fatal abuse deaths are prevented by recognition of signs of battering in time. Out of 200 examined intra-familial filicides, 23 (12%) were caused by child battering and 13 (7%) by continuous battering. The medical and court records of the victim and the perpetrator were examined. The perpetrator was the biological mother and the victim was male in 69 per cent of the cases. The abused children were either younger than one year or from two-and-a-half to four years old. Risk factors of the victim (being unwanted, premature birth, separation from the parent caused by hospitalization or custodial care, being ill and crying a lot) and the perpetrator (personality disorder, low socioeconomic status, chaotic family conditions, domestic violence, isolation, alcohol abuse) were common. The injuries caused by previous battering were mostly soft tissue injuries in head and limbs and head traumas and the battering lasted for days or even an year. The final assault was more violent and occurred when the parent was more anxious, frustrated or left alone with the child. The perpetrating parent was diagnosed as having a personality disorder (borderline, narcissistic or dependent) and often substance dependence (31%). None of them were psychotic. Authorities and community members should pay attention to the change in child's behavior and inexplicable injuries or absence from daycare. Furthermore if the parent is immature, alcohol dependent, have a personality disorder and is unable to cope with the demands the small child entails in the parent's life, the child may be in danger.
13
Cameron, Paul. "Molestations by Homosexual Foster Parents: Newspaper Accounts vs Official Records." Psychological Reports 93, no. 3 (December 2003): 793–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2003.93.3.793.
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To assess whether a systematic tally of newspaper accounts reflect official foster-parent molestation a review of 6,444 news stories on Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe from 1989 through 2002 about child molestation yielded 33 stories involving foster parents. Of the 25 foster-parent perpetrators, at least 15 (60%) engaged in homosexuality In Illinois 1997–2002, 92 (34%) of 270 foster- or adoptive-parent perpetrators who engaged in “substantiated” sexual abuse homosexually abused their charges. These findings suggest that the proportion of homosexual perpetrators in a systematic tally of newspaper stories is similar to the proportion of homosexual perpetrators in datasets from large entities and put in question the current policy of utilizing homosexuals as foster and adoptive parents.
14
Choi, Namkee C., Jennifer L. Berger, and Noreen Flynn. "Effectiveness of a Parent-Aide Services Program." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 78, no. 5 (October 1997): 539–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.824.
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The authors compare a group of parent clients who received volunteer parent-aide services with a group of parent clients who were not afforded parent-aide services in order to analyze the effectiveness of a parent-aide services program. Results show that parent-aide services did not significantly affect program outcomes. The absence of participating parents' substance-abuse problem and the number of case-planner contacts were the only significant predictors of successful program outcome. The findings suggest the need for training parent aides to monitor signs of clients' substance abuse and the need for social workers to develop more effective therapeutic intervention models for substance-abusing clients of preventive services.
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Whatley, Mariamne H., and Bonnie Trudell. "The Role of the Family in Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Programs." Journal of Education 170, no. 1 (January 1988): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002205748817000108.
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In response to the problem of child sexual abuse, there has been a proliferation of school-based prevention programs. In conjunction with the children's programs, there have also been efforts to develop a parent education component. After examining the potential roles for adult caretakers in school sexual abuse prevention programs, we raise issues that should be considered before such programs are implemented. These issues include: the necessity of developing a true “partnership” between school and community; the possible unintended consequence of deskilling parents; the recognition that adults sought as “partners” in these programs might actually be abusers; the use of such gender-neutral terms as “abusive parent” which serve to disguise who actually abuses and who is held responsible for protecting the child; the reaction to what is perceived as intervention in the family. These issues are crucial to consider, because a haphazard approach to parental involvement could cause damage to the program, as well as to the trust that is necessary between educators and parents.
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Cohen, Deborah A., and Kathryn L. P. Linton. "Parent Participation in an Adolescent Drug Abuse Prevention Program." Journal of Drug Education 25, no. 2 (June 1995): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/pcyv-ntfh-dy0v-euly.
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This study reports the level of participation of parents in a parent-targeted school-based drug prevention program, the differences between students whose parents participate and those who don't, and the implications for involving parents in future drug prevention programs. Among 1761 eligible seventh grade families, 1263 students (72%) and 1142 parents (65%) completed surveys assessing the quality of parent-child relationships as well as tobacco and alcohol use. Ten percent of eligible families attended at least one of the evening sessions. Compared to students whose parents completed the survey, students whose parents did not complete a survey were more likely to report they used tobacco, had more friends who used substances, were monitored less by their parents, had more risk-taking behaviors, had lower grade-point averages, and their parents had higher rates of tobacco and alcohol use. Parents who attended evening sessions had the lowest rates of tobacco use and reported spending the most time with their children. Parent-targeted drug preventions programs may stigmatize attending parents and may be unlikely to attract the highest risk families.
17
Patterson, George T. "An Exploratory Study Assessing Relations of Demographic Characteristics with Police Recruits' Attitudes toward Abuse of Children and Abusive Parents." Psychological Reports 101, no. 2 (October 2007): 451–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.101.2.451-456.
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The purpose of this exploratory study was to assess the relationships of demographic characteristics with attitudes toward abusive parents and abused children in a convenience sample of 183 police recruits. Police academy training staff invited recruits to complete a questionnaire which contained three vignettes and a 36-item questionnaire that depicted child neglect, sexual abuse, physical abuse, and demographic information. Analysis of responses showed that African Americans and Latinos reported more negative attitudes of anger, disgust, sadness, and discomfort toward an abusive parent than the Euro-American group. Women reported more negative attitudes toward an abused child and also more positive attitudes of sympathy and caring toward an abused child. Results partially support previous research suggesting demographic characteristics influence report of attitudes toward abusive parents and abused children. These findings about the influence of demographic characteristics on positive and negative emotional reactions toward abusive parents and abused children add to the literature.
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Mutaka, Maryn, and Mwiya I. Imasiku. "Risk Factors and Child Sexual Abuse among High School Pupils in Lusaka District, Zambia." Journal of Law and Social Sciences 1, no. 1 (March 31, 2012): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.53974/unza.jlss.1.1.361.
Full textAbstract:
Child sexual abuse is a universal problem that affects both boys and girls. In Zambia,
like many other African countries, there are certain conditions and circumstances
that put children at risk of sexual abuse. However, these risk factors remain explored
(Chiroro et al., 2006). This study, therefore, was aimed at investigating risk factors and
exploring child sexual abuse in Lusaka District. Specifically, it focused on identifying
the forms of sexual abuse; examine the factors that put children at risk for sexual
abuse; find out the grooming tactics used by sexual abusers; find out the disclosure
rate for child sexual abuse cases; examine the abuser-victim relationships; and make
recommendations for child sexual abuse prevention. Participants were 200 secondary
school pupils (86 males and 114 females), who were randomly selected. Their ages
ranged from sixteen to twenty-one years. Data was collected using a structured selfreport
questionnaire and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). Data analysis was done
using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).
The results show an overall prevalence rate of child sexual abuse to be 43.5 per cent
(n=87). Of the 87 victims, 41.1 per cent (n=36) were males and 58.6 per cent (n=51)
were females. Among the forms of sexual abuse, sexual touch/arousal had the highest
frequency (n=54, 62.1%). Most of the subjects (75.6%, n=19) did not disclose their
sexual experiences, whereas only 24.4 per cent (n=19) did. Most abusers were found
to be family members (n=39, 44%).
Six risk factors for sexual abuse were examined, and the most powerful one was
parental absence (n=63, 73.3%); having punitive parents (n=57, 68.7%); alcohol
intake by a parent or other guardian (n=30, 34.5%); poor parent-child relationship
(n=20, 23.7%); parental conflict (n=19, 22.4%); and presence of a stepparent (n=13,
13.1%).
Furthermore, the results obtained from the FGDs show that the most frequently used
trick for sexual abuse is the offer of money and/other gifts (n=21, 67.8%). Fifty-six
(69%) of the victims lacked knowledge to know that the grooming they experienced
would result into sexual abuse. The study tested two hypotheses:
(a) alcohol intake by the parent or guardian is not a significant risk factor for child
sexual abuse;
(b) in Lusaka District, children and adolescents that are sexually abused have
adequate knowledge of the grooming tactics used by abusers.
The results showed that:
(a) there is a significant relationship (p=0.004) between child sexual abuse and
parental or guardian intake of alcohol;
(b) there is a significant relationship (p=0.000) between child sexual abuse and
children’s lack of knowledge of the grooming tactics used by sexual abusers.
Recommendations made include:
(a) teacher training in the area of child sexual abuse;
(b) encouragement of research culture among Zambian scholars in the area of
child sexual abuse; and
(c) active involvement of children, parents, teachers and the government in the
prevention of child sexual abuse.
19
Cameron, Paul. "Are over a Third of Foster Parent Molestations Homosexual?" Psychological Reports 96, no. 2 (April 2005): 275–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.96.2.275-298.
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50% of foster parent abuse in a general population survey and 34% of abuse as determined by the Illinois DCFS was homosexual. In news stories in the 50 largest newspapers and wire services 1980–2003, 175 foster parents sexually abused 351+ charges. For the 169 whose sex of victim could be determined: 149 (88%) were men; 76 (53%) victimized homosexually; and 85 (50%) were unmarried. Men assaulted 319 (91%) victims, homosexual practitioners 222 (63%), and the unmarried 164 (47%). From 1980–1994 57% of the victims were girls; after 1994 56% were boys. In 21 group homes, the molestation was homosexual in 15 (71%) and 31 of the 32+ perpetrators were male and at least 334 of 349+ victims were boys.
20
Nixon, Judy. "Practitioners' Constructions of Parent Abuse." Social Policy and Society 11, no. 2 (January 23, 2012): 229–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746411000649.
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Drawing on data collected as part of a qualitative study on parent abuse, this article explores how child to parent violence is constructed by professionals working within the three related domains of youth justice, domestic violence and child protection. The article, a discussion piece, charts the continuities and contradictions contained within practitioners’ understandings of this form of family violence, focusing on how the problem emerges, the causal explanations employed and their impact on practice responses.
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Martin, Maria Pilar, Chinedu U. Obioha, Karina Villalba, Maria-José Del Pino Espejo, Denice Curtis, and Alicia Padrón-Monedero. "Association between Sociodemographic Factors and Abuse by a Parent or Intimate Partner Violence among Haitian Women: A Population-Based Study." Women 2, no. 1 (March 15, 2022): 76–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/women2010009.
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One in three Haitian women, and two in three Haitian children, experience physical abuse. This study aims to assess characteristics of abused Haitian women and identify effective sources of support. This cross-sectional study used multiple logistic regression models to analyze sociodemographic characteristics of Haitian women, associations with abuse-exposure from a parent/intimate partner (IPV)/any perpetrator, and impacts of seeking help for abuse, from police/doctors/family. About 9.1% experienced abuse by a parent, 8.6% from IPV. Women abused by a parent were less likely to be employed (OR = 0.74, [95% CI = 0.59–0.93]) and more likely to have an often-drunk partner (2.10, [1.54–2.87]). IPV-exposed women were more likely to have primary education (1.56, [1.12–2.16]), an often-drunk partner (3.07, [2.24–4.22]) and less likely to live rurally (0.65, [0.47–0.89]). Seeking help from own family for IPV exposure was strongly associated with having a job (2.00, [1.04–3.89]) (P for interaction = 0.039) and seeking help from partner’s family for IPV was strongly associated with having an often-drunk husband (8.80, [3.07–25.23]) (p for interaction <0.001). We recommend family-based interventions targeting men’s perceptions about abuse and their alcohol consumption, introducing programs/policies integrating women into the workforce, and havens for abuse victims to confidentially receive individualized support.
22
Rodriguez, Christina M. "Parent–Child Aggression: Association With Child Abuse Potential and Parenting Styles." Violence and Victims 25, no. 6 (December 2010): 728–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.25.6.728.
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The present investigation predicted that greater use of corporal punishment as well as physical maltreatment would be associated with child abuse potential and selected parenting styles. Three independent studies were examined, two with community samples and a third with a clinical at-risk sample of parents. Parents across all studies anonymously completed the Child Abuse Potential Inventory, the Parent–Child Conflict Tactics Scale to assess physical discipline and maltreatment, as well as the Parenting Scale to measure dysfunctional parenting styles. Findings support that overall parent–child aggression, as well as physical maltreatment behaviors specifically, were associated with child abuse potential. Parent–child aggression was also related to dysfunctional parenting styles, particularly an overreactive, authoritarian parenting style. Permissive parenting was also identified as potentially associated with physical maltreatment, although the findings regarding such lax parenting styles are less clear. Intriguing findings emerged regarding the connection of psychological aggression to both child abuse potential and dysfunctional parenting style. Child abuse potential was also associated with dysfunctional parenting style, particularly harsh, overreactive approaches. Recommendations for future study with at-risk samples and additional research on permissive parenting and psychological aggression are discussed.
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KELEŞ, Şeyma, Fevziye TOROS, Gülen GÜLER AKSU, and İpek İNCEL. "Evaluation of attachment style, parent's attitude, depression and anxiety in adolescents who are sexually abused." Cukurova Medical Journal 47, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 1024–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17826/cumj.1096244.
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Purpose: The aim of this article was to describe the sociodemographic attributes of the adolescents who were sexual abused child and the characteristics of the sexual abuse encountered by adolescents; it was also aimed to compare their attachment styles to their parents, attitudes of their parents, their scale scores of depression and anxiety between healthy control group who haven't had sexual abuse.
Materials and Methods: The research sample was formed by 34 adolescents in age range of 13-18 who had sexual abuse and 34 healthy adolescents in age range of 13-18 who haven't had sexual abuse. Sociodemographic data of all adolescents who joined the study were collected. Relationship Scales Questionnaire, Parental Attitude Scale, Children's Depression Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were used to compare severity of depression and anxiety, parrental attitudes, the attachment styles to the parents of adolescents who had sexual abuse and adolescents who haven't had sexual abuse.
Results: The average age of cases were calculated as 15.29±1.31. The fearful attachment subscale score average of sexual abuse group is significantly higher than the control group. The authoritarian attitude subscale score average of sexual abuse group is significantly higher than the control group. In addition, the depression and state-trait anxiety score average of sexual abuse group is significantly higher than the control group.
Conclusion: It is extremely important to define the sociodemographic characteristics, characteristics of abuse and risk factors of children and adolescents who have been sexually abused, to increase mother-child interaction, to have parent trainings for the realization of secure attachment, to adopt a democratic parental attitude in terms of protecting the mental health of children and adolescents.
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Hanna Qaddura, Zafirah. "Kekerasan Verbal pada Anak: Psikoedukasi pada Kader Posyandu Balita Puskesmas D Surabaya." Jurnal Intervensi Psikologi (JIP) 13, no. 1 (May 25, 2021): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20885/intervensipsikologi.vol13.iss1.art3.
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Verbal abuse is a type of abuse done by parents without realizing the impact caused by the abuse. The people who live around Puskesmas D Surabaya didn’t show signs of awareness about the importance of preventing verbal abuse in children. Verbal abuse continues because parents don’t understand what verbal abuse is, its impact on child’s development, and what kind of parent-child interaction to develop to avoid verbal abuse. Psychoeducation to posyandu’s kader can be an alternative that can be done to provide education to all parents around Puskesmas D Surabaya about verbal abuse. This study aims to determine the difference in knowledge of posyandu’s kader after being given psychoeducation about verbal abuse, its effects, as well as parent-child interaction that must be developed to avoid verbal abuse in children. The research method used was an experimental one group pretest-posttest design. Research respondents were 40 posyandu’s kader. The instrument used was a questionnaire compiled by researcher based on the psychoeducation materials. The result showed a difference in the pretest and posttest score with a significance of 0.000 (<0.05) which means that there is an increase in kader’s knowledge after being given psychoeducation. The result is expected to be a recommendation for Puskesmas D Surabaya to implement the psychoeducation to reduce verbal abuse in children in their working area.
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Paradise, Jan E., Anthony L. Rostain, and Madelaine Nathanson. "Substantiation of Sexual Abuse Charges When Parents Dispute Custody or Visitation." Pediatrics 81, no. 6 (June 1, 1988): 835–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.81.6.835.
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Recent news reports have implied that charges of sexual child abuse during parental separation or divorce are often deliberately falsified. Such a conclusion could be harmful if it biased practitioners faced with such allegations in clinical practice. To investigate this concern, sexual abuse cases in a hospital-based consecutive series and in one author's clinical practice were reviewed. Abuse allegations with and without a concomitant custody or visitation dispute were compared. A custody or visitation dispute occurred in 12 (39%) of 31 sexual abuse complaints lodged against a parent. Allegedly abused children whose parents contested custody or visitation were significantly younger than those for whom custody or visitation was not an issue (5.4 v 7.8 years, P = .02). Sexual abuse allegations were substantiated less frequently when there was concomitant parental conflict (67% v 95%, nonsignificant) but were nevertheless substantiated more than half of the time.
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Mian, Marcellina, Peter Marton, Deborah Lebaron, and David Birtwistle. "Familial Risk Factors Associated with Intrafamilial and Extrafamilial Sexual abuse of three to Five Year Old Girls." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 39, no. 6 (August 1994): 348–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379403900606.
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This study intended to identify familial risk factors which differentiate sexually abused young girls from nonabused girls and, further, young victims of intrafamilial from those of extrafamilial sexual abuse. The subjects were 112 girls aged three to five years and their families. Forty-two were the victims of intrafamilial sexual abuse and 28 were victims of extrafamilial sexual abuse while 42 girls were not the victims of abuse. The three groups of girls were matched for age. Comparisons indicated that the families of abused girls had less harmony and stability in the marital unit and were headed by less competent parents. Mothers in both abuse groups were significantly more likely to have experienced sexual abuse as children. For all comparisons, the intrafamilial group showed greater disadvantage and dysfunction than the extrafamilial group. The intrafamilial group was differentiated from the extrafamilial group by worse spousal relationships, inadequate boundaries in parent-child behaviour, father's history of physical abuse as a child and violent behaviour as an adult and maternal disapproval of the child victim. These findings suggest that child sexual abuse is related to a longstanding collection of interconnected adult personal and relational deficiencies which result in inadequate parenting for the young victim.
27
Lawson, Karen A., and J. Ray Hays. "Self-Esteem and Stress as Factors in Abuse of Children." Psychological Reports 65, no. 3_suppl2 (December 1989): 1259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1989.65.3f.1259.
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A comparison of stress and self-esteem as made between a group of 23 couples in treatment who had abused their children and 23 control couples who were matched for age, race, sex, education, and occupation. Stress was measured by the Recent Life Changes Questionnaire. Self-esteem was measured by a synthesis of 38 items selected by mental health professionals from the Clarke Parent/Child Relations Questionnaire and the Self-description and Mate Description Form. Analysis of variance showed that couples who had abused their children had significantly greater stress than control couples. However, there was no significant difference between the groups on the measure of self-esteem. There was also no interaction effect of stress with self-esteem on abuse. While it seems well established that stress is a major contributor in child abuse, the interaction of stress with personality factors of parents who abuse their children remains uncertain.
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Osborne, Cynthia, and Lawrence M. Berger. "Parental Substance Abuse and Child Well-Being." Journal of Family Issues 30, no. 3 (July 1, 2008): 341–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x08326225.
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Parental substance abuse is associated with adverse health and developmental outcomes for children. Existing research, however, has not fully explored the relative magnitude of the associations between maternal, paternal, and both parents' substance abuse and child outcomes, nor has it examined these associations in regard to substance abuse among nonresident fathers. We use data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study ( N = 3,027) to explore these issues among a cohort of 3-year-old children. We find that children living with a substance-abusing parent are at considerable risk for poor health and behavior outcomes, that such risk is not moderated by parent gender, and that it is substantially larger when both parents have substance abuse problems. Moreover, children with substance-abusing fathers are at a potentially higher risk of health and behavior problems when their fathers live with them, although this risk is still substantial when they do not.
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Ćwikowski, Robert. "THE PHENOMENON OF VIOLENCE AGAINST PARENTS BY THEIR MINOR CHILDREN." Probacja 1 (June 15, 2021): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.8938.
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Abuse of parents by their minor children is a more and more distinctive family and social problem. Parents and guardians are reluctant to report violence inflicted upon them by their own children. There is a number of reasons: shame of being criticised and assessed; a feeling of helplessness; no clear, specific definition of child-to-parent violence. This article describes the phenomenon based on the available literature. It provides a set of definitions connected with child-to-parent violence, and a description of forms of the abuse concerned. Also, the article contains an overview of selected research on the phenomenon. And conclusions drawn from the research concerned rendered it possible to determine child-to-parent violence risk factors, and to take an attempt to determine prevention actions.
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Kobulsky, Julia M., Nancy Jo Kepple, Megan R. Holmes, and David L. Hussey. "Concordance of Parent- and Child-Reported Physical Abuse Following Child Protective Services Investigation." Child Maltreatment 22, no. 1 (October 14, 2016): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077559516673156.
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Knowledge about the concordance of parent- and child-reported child physical abuse is scarce, leaving researchers and practitioners with little guidance on the implications of selecting either informant. Drawing from a 2008–2009 sample of 11- to 17-year-olds ( N = 636) from Wave 1 of the second National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being, this study first examined parent–child concordance in physical abuse reporting (Parent–Child Conflict Tactic Scale). Second, it applied multivariate regression analysis to relate parent–child agreement in physical abuse to parent-reported (Child Behavior Checklist) and child-reported (Youth Self Report) child behavioral problems. Results indicate low parent–child concordance of physical abuse (κ = .145). Coreporting of physical abuse was related to clinical-level parent-reported externalizing problems ([Formula: see text] = 64.57), whereas child-only reports of physical abuse were the only agreement category related to child-reported internalizing problems ( B = 4.17, p < .001). Attribution bias theory may further understanding of reporting concordance and its implications.
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Cameron, Paul, and Kirk Cameron. "Homosexual Parents: A Comparative Forensic Study of Character and Harms to Children." Psychological Reports 82, no. 3_suppl (June 1998): 1155–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1998.82.3c.1155.
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40 appeals cases of custody disputes drawn systematically from all cases involving a homosexual parent in the United States were compared to 38 appeals cases involving heterosexual custody disputes drawn randomly from listings under parental “character” and 18 appeals cases drawn randomly from “general” cases in Dicennial Digest from 1966 to 1991. Each case involving homosexual vs heterosexual claimants was examined for recorded information about (1) the character of the homosexual parent, the associates of the homosexual parent, the heterosexual parent, and the associates of the heterosexual parent, (2) the effects, particularly harms, upon the child(ren), and (3) psychiatric opinion. 82% of the homosexual vs 18% of the heterosexual parents and 54% of the homosexual's associates vs 19% of the heterosexuals' associates were recorded as having poor character in cases involving a homosexual claimant. Of the 66 recorded harms, e.g., molestation, physical abuse, to the 73 children, homosexual persons accounted for 64 (97%). Of the 32 lesbians, 6 were recorded as having engaged in criminal activity and 3 of bringing false charges of child sexual abuse against the father. Psychiatric opinion, however, ran 25 to 12 in favor of custody for the homosexual parent. In the 56 heterosexual vs heterosexual comparison cases, 38% of the heterosexual parents and 28% of their associates were recorded as having poor character. Six harms to their 105 children and 3 instances of criminality but no false charges of sexual abuse were recorded. In the appeals court literature, homosexual parents were disproportionately of poor character and disproportionately associated with various harms to their children.
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John, Michelle. "Child to parent abuse: Handling disclosures." British Journal of Child Health 3, no. 5 (October 2, 2022): 243–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/chhe.2022.3.5.243.
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Child to parent abuse is more widespread than you might assume and if a parent discloses a problem, it is highly likely they will do so to their child's school. Michelle John explains how such disclosures can be handled by schools
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Hiebert-Murphy, Diane, Rayleen V. De Luca, and Marsha Runtz. "Group Treatment for Sexually Abused Girls: Evaluating Outcome." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 73, no. 4 (April 1992): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104438949207300402.
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Although many articles advocate treatment for child victims of sexual abuse, few studies have examined the effects of such treatment. The authors evaluated the effectiveness of group treatment for seven- to nine-year-old girls who had been sexually abused. The usefulness of parent-report and self-report measures in assessing therapeutic change was also examined. Findings support the hypothesis that group treatment decreases problem behaviors as reported by parents. The findings of the self-report data, however, were inconsistent. Implications for the measurement of therapeutic change in young sexually abused children are discussed.
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Jung, Hyunzee, Todd I. Herrenkohl, Jungeun Olivia Lee, J. Bart Klika, and Martie L. Skinner. "Effects of Physical and Emotional Child Abuse and Its Chronicity on Crime Into Adulthood." Violence and Victims 30, no. 6 (2015): 1004–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-14-00071.
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Analyses tested hypotheses that pertain to direct and indirect effects of parent-reported physical and emotional abuse on later self-reported criminal behavior in a sample of 356 adults of a longitudinal study of more than 30 years. Childhood antisocial behavior was included in analyses as a potential mediator. Physical abuse only predicted adult crime indirectly through childhood antisocial behavior, whereas emotional abuse predicted adult outcome both directly and indirectly. Chronicity of physical abuse was indirectly related to later crime in a subsample test for those who had been physically abused (n = 318), whereas chronicity of emotional abuse was neither directly nor indirectly related to adult crime in a test of those who had been emotionally abused (n = 225). Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
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Wilcox, Paula. "Is Parent Abuse a Form of Domestic Violence?" Social Policy and Society 11, no. 2 (January 5, 2012): 277–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746411000613.
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There is a lack of research on parent abuse in the UK and a lack of research on the overlap between domestic violence and parent abuse internationally. This article explores why this is the case. Findings suggest that conceptual conflicts in defining both concepts, in framing children's safety as subsumed under mothers’ safety and the desire to challenge deterministic ‘cycle of violence’ models may unwittingly have contributed to the failure to address parent abuse in the domestic violence field. The author argues that only by integrating parent abuse into the domestic violence framework will this issue be appropriately addressed.
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Rosso, Anna Maria. "Psychoanalytic Interventions with Abusive Parents: An Opportunity for Children’s Mental Health." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 20 (October 11, 2022): 13015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013015.
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Research has extensively shown that most people who experience maltreatment in their childhood develop mental disorders, psychosocial adjustment problems, and, in many cases, become maltreating adults themselves. Preventing child maltreatment and treating abused children and abusive parents are, therefore, pressing public health issues. As established by the UK Children Act in 1989, child development is enhanced by remaining in the family whenever the child’s safety is assured. Thus, developing prevention and intervention programs for the purpose of repairing, whenever possible, the child–parent relationship should be a social priority. This narrative review focuses on the psychoanalytic studies related to intrapsychic dynamics and therapeutic intervention for physically abusive parents. The role of the transgenerational transmission of abuse and parents’ narcissistic fragility is crucial. Psychoanalytic interventions focus on helping the parent work through their past painful experiences and narcissistic vulnerability. Parent–child psychotherapy and mentalization-based treatment have been found to be prevalent, while there is scarce literature regarding intensive individual psychoanalytic treatment. Within the framework of attachment theory, brief interventions were developed; however, they did not prove effective for those parents who suffered experiences of maltreatment or severe neglect in childhood and for whom long-term parent–child psychotherapy resulted, which proved to be the most effective.
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Rodriguez, Christina M., and Meagan C. Tucker. "Behind the Cycle of Violence, Beyond Abuse History: A Brief Report on the Association of Parental Attachment to Physical Child Abuse Potential." Violence and Victims 26, no. 2 (2011): 246–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.26.2.246.
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Although the concept of a cycle of violence presumes that the transmission of violence is expressed directly across generations, the role of the overall quality of the parent–child relationship may ultimately be more influential in later parenting behavior. This study investigated whether mothers’ poorer attachment to their parents was associated with their current increased child abuse potential and dysfunctional disciplinary style independent of a personal history of child abuse. A sample of 73 at-risk mothers raising children with behavior problems reported on their parental attachment, abuse potential, dysfunctional parenting style, and personal abuse history. An at-risk sample, rather than a sample of identified abuse victims or perpetrators, was studied to better examine the potential continuity or discontinuity from history of abuse to current abuse risk, allowing consideration of those who may break the cycle versus those who potentially initiate abuse in the absence of a personal history. Findings indicate that poor attachment significantly predicted both dysfunctional parenting practices and elevated child abuse potential, controlling for personal child abuse history. Such results highlight the importance of the overall quality of the relationship between the parent and child in potentially shaping future abuse risk. Findings are discussed in terms of continuity or discontinuity in the cycle of violence and future directions for research on attachment in relation to the development of later child abuse risk.
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Wongcharoenwatana, Jidapa, Jariya Tarugsa, Kamolporn Kaewpornsawan, Perajit Eamsobhana, Chatupon Chotigavanichaya, and Thanase Ariyawatkul. "Identifying children at high risk for recurrence child abuse." Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery 29, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 230949902199641. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2309499021996411.
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Purpose: To evaluate the characteristics of abused children, families and abusive event and to identify risk factors associated with recurrence of child abuse. Methods: Retrospective data from 133 children aged between 2 months to 15 years old who were diagnosed as abuse between year 2002 and 2017. Thirteen items related to characteristics of the child, families, abusive event were selected. These factors were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression model for association with repeated child abuse. Results: Total of 133 subjects with average age of 5.25 ± 4.65 years old. There were 54 cases (40.60%) reported of repeated abuse. Majority of repeated abuse type in this study was physical abuse (73.68%). Most perpetrators were child’s own parents (45.10%). Factors associated with increased risk of repeated abuse were child age 1–5 years old (AOR = 4.95/95%CI = 1.06–23.05), 6–10 years old (AOR = 6.80/95%CI = 1.22–37.91) and perpetrator was child’s own parent (AOR = 21.34/95%CI = 3.51–129.72). Three cases of mortality were found with single-visit children and one case in recurrence. Most of death cases were children less than 1-year-old with average age of 7 months. Causes of death were subdural hematoma with skull and ribs fracture. Conclusions: Identifying risk factors for repeated child abuse help in recognizing child at risk to provide prompt intervention. This study found two factors associated with higher risk of abuse recurrence: child age 1–10 years old and abusive parents. Children who presented with these risk factors should be recognized and intensively monitored.
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Hodge, Margaret. "Social worlds in collision: When policy meets policy on parental substance abuse." Children Australia 21, no. 4 (1996): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200007264.
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The risk of child abuse and neglect is higher in families where the parent(s) abuse substances, with the highest incidence in families where both parents abuse alcohol. The interplay between parental substance misuse and child maltreatment has become a crucial issue in statutory child protection work and consequently for those who work intensively with clients in their homes. Not all children of substance-abusing parents are ‘at risk’ of harm, however, and abstention from drug usage is not always a helpful treatment goal, nor indeed does it necessarily reduce the harm to a child under protective scrutiny.
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Contreras, Lourdes, and Carmen Cano. "Adolescents Who Assault Their Parents: A Different Family Profile of Young Offenders?" Violence and Victims 29, no. 3 (2014): 393–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-12-00132.
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Some authors have proposed that the mechanisms underlying adolescent-to-parent abuse seem to be different from other forms of juvenile delinquency. Given that this aggression is exerted within the family setting, our study was aimed to explore if there was a differential family profile for those adolescents who commit a parent abuse offense compared to those who commit other types of offenses. Judicial files of 1,046 young offenders from the Juvenile Justice Service of Jaén (Spain) were examined. The final sample (654 young offenders) was divided into 2 groups: those who had committed offenses against a parent (parent abuse group) and those who had committed other types of offenses (other offenses group). Results showed that families with parent abuse have differential characteristics, especially regarding the family size, type of household, parenting styles, and the patterns of interactions between the family members.
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Hall, Sioux. ""It's Going to Stop in This Generation": Women with a History of Child Abuse Resolving to Raise Their Children Without Abuse." Harvard Educational Review 81, no. 1 (March 21, 2011): 24–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17763/haer.81.1.m8202r3804uvmv68.
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In this article, Sioux Hall promotes using a strengths-based approach to examine the interruption of the intergenerational cycle of child abuse and explores the strategies that women who were abused by a parent as children used to raise their children without abuse. She documents the mothers' uses of strategies such as vowing to protect and support their children, reconciling their abuse histories, and developing flexible, eclectic parenting methods. She discusses therapeutic and programmatic implications suggested by this research in the hope that this approach will create a shift in thinking among child protection professionals and educators toward a strengths-based perspective. Hall challenges readers to listen to the voices and consider the experiences of the ex-abused in order to reexamine the research, theory, and practice of prevention and treatment of child abuse.
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Hunter, Caroline, and Judy Nixon. "Some Useful Sources." Social Policy and Society 11, no. 2 (March 9, 2012): 299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746411000571.
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The following list provides a brief overview of relevant publications on parent abuse, together with links to some useful websites. Given the nature of parent abuse the publications come from a varied disciplinary background ranging from the therapeutic to social policy and criminological. Some look at the nature and incidence of parent abuse, some examine the experience and causes of it, while others suggest therapeutic interventions. See further the discussion by Holt, this volume.
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Al-Eissa, Majid A., Hassan N. Saleheen, and Maha Almuneef. "Examining the Relationship Between Witnessing Intimate Partner Violence and Victimization Among Children in Saudi Arabia." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 5-6 (March 10, 2017): 1334–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517696865.
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Childhood exposure to violence can lead to physical, mental, and emotional harm, whether a child is a direct victim or a witness to violent events. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between witnessing intimate partner violence (IPV) and victimization among children. A cross-sectional, national study was conducted in secondary high schools in the five main provinces of Saudi Arabia (SA) using International Society for Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect (ISPCAN) ISPCAN Child Abuse and Neglect Screening Tool–Child: Home version. Boys and girls, public and private schools were selected to participate. Students ( N = 16,939) aged 15 to 18 years completed the survey instrument which included demographics, different types of abuse (physical, psychological, and sexual), neglect, and witnessing IPV. Mean age of the participants was 16.8 ± 0.9 years, and 51% were boys. Eighty-one percent lived with both parents, 6% with single parent, and 2% with step-parent. Fifty-two percent of the participants witnessed IPV. Those who witnessed IPV were more likely to be abused compared with those who did not ( p < .01). Among those who witnessed physical IPV, girls had a significantly greater likelihood of experiencing psychological abuse (odds ratio [OR] = 3.7, confidence interval [CI] = [1.9, 6.8]), physical abuse (OR = 1.3, CI = [1.0, 1.6]), and neglect (OR = 1.6, CI = [1.4, 1.9]) but less likelihood of experiencing sexual abuse (OR = 0.6, CI = [0.5, 0.7]) than boys. Among those who witnessed psychological IPV, girls had a significantly greater likelihood of experiencing neglect (OR = 1.3, CI = [1.2, 1.5]) but less likelihood of experiencing sexual abuse (OR = 0.5, CI = [0.5, 0.6]) than boys. Boys who witnessed physical IPV and psychological IPV had a significantly greater likelihood of experiencing sexual abuse compared with girls. Witnessing IPV increases the chances of child and adolescent victimization. Multidisciplinary approaches involving social workers, law enforcement personnel, and domestic violence and child protection workers could effectively respond to this problem.
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Hunter, Caroline, and Judy Nixon. "Introduction: Exploring Parent Abuse – Building Knowledge across Disciplines." Social Policy and Society 11, no. 2 (March 9, 2012): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147474641100056x.
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There is an extensive body of literature on the ways in which the family home is often a site of conflict and discord rather than security and safety. Much of this work has focussed on the problem of domestic violence perpetrated by adults and how the state should respond to it (Home Office, 2009). Another form of family violence however, that of the abuse of parents (or those occupying a parental role) by their adolescent children, has not received such public (or academic) recognition (Hunteret al., 2010). In the UK, the issue of parent abuse remains one of the most unacknowledged and under-researched form of family violence.
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Thornbery, Hugh. "Tackling child-on-parent violence." Children and Young People Now 2015, no. 8 (April 14, 2015): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/cypn.2015.8.34.
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Mondy, Linda, and Stephen Mondy. "Situating NEWPIN in the context of parent education and support models." Children Australia 29, no. 1 (2004): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200005861.
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The nature and extent of parent education and support programs targeting parents with children under five is reviewed. Several evaluated Australian and overseas programs are described, and their role and effectiveness in the prevention of child abuse and neglect are examined. The principles and values that underpin such programs are discussed, and their common components outlined. The New Parent Infant Network (NEWPIN) is then situated in the broader framework of effective parent education and support programs operating in Australia.
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Rokach, Ami. "Medical Child Abuse: When Parents Harm Their Children." Psychology and Mental Health Care 4, no. 5 (August 8, 2020): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2637-8892/102.
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This brief review of medical child abuse and treatment approaches is meant to highlight a problem which gains in frequency lately. That of a parent, usually, who is expected to love and care for the child actually harming that child in ways that may result in many medical examinations, painful invasive procedures, and even unnecessary surgeries.
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Rokach, Ami. "Medical Child Abuse: When Parents Harm Their Children." Psychology and Mental Health Care 4, no. 5 (November 5, 2020): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2637-8892/102.
Full textAbstract:
This brief review of medical child abuse and treatment approaches is meant to highlight a problem which gains in frequency lately. That of a parent, usually, who is expected to love and care for the child actually harming that child in ways that may result in many medical examinations, painful invasive procedures, and even unnecessary surgeries.
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Farhan, Zahra. "verbal abuse, Anak,Orang Tua FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MELATARBELAKANGI ORANG TUA MELAKUKAN VERBAL ABUSE PADA ANAK USIA SEKOLAH 6-12 TAHUN DI KABUPATEN GARUT." Jurnal Keperawatan Malang 3, no. 2 (February 12, 2019): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.36916/jkm.v3i2.70.
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ABSTRACT
Verbal abuse is any form of negative statement from parents toward children such as threatening, fightening, or saying hurtful words. There are five factors that cause parents abuse their children verbally. First, knowledge factor, parents are poorly equipped with the knowledge about how verbal abuse can be more harmful than physical abuse. Second, experience factor, parents who experienced verbal abuse in their past tend to treat their children the same way. Third, family support, children with special need and unwated children are also considered as one of the factors. Fourth, economic factors such as poverty or unemployment. Fifth, environmen factor, the parents now to better for their children. The research sample 50 parent (mother or father) have children age 6-12 years. Sampling technic using purposive sampling. Analysis using regresion logistic. Experience factor was the most dominant factor for the parents doing verbal abuse to children 6-12 years at cintakarya-samarang-garut. Parents whose childhood treatment is mistaken is a trigger situation for child abuse. The experience of parents who were raised in violence tended to continue the education to their children. Children who get cruel treatment from their parents will be very aggressive and after becoming parents they will be cruel to their children.
Keywords: Verbal Abuse, Parents, Children School Age
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Mendelson, Tamar, and Elizabeth J. Letourneau. "Parent-Focused Prevention of Child Sexual Abuse." Prevention Science 16, no. 6 (March 12, 2015): 844–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11121-015-0553-z.
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