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Connolly, Louise, John Sharry, and Carol Fitzpatrick. "Evaluation of a Group Treatment Programme for Parents of Children with Behavioural Disorders." Child Psychology and Psychiatry Review 6, no. 4 (November 2001): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360641701002714.
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This study set out to evaluate the use of a video based parent training programme (The Webster–Stratton Programme) in the management of children referred to child mental health services for treatment of behaviour problems. Following diagnostic assessment children were assigned to one of two groups: parents of both groups completed the parenting programme and, in addition, in the second group the child received an intervention appropriate to his/her clinical presentation. The waiting list control group waited 3 months prior to allocation to either treatment group. Standardised rating scales were administered pre-treatment, post-treatment and at 6-month follow-up to both treatment groups, and at an interval of 3 months to the control group. Improvement was significantly greater in both the treatment groups than in the control group. Parenting training programmes are an effective intervention in the management of clinic-referred children with behaviour disorders.
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Fossum, Sturla, John Kjøbli, May Britt Drugli, Bjørn Helge Handegård, Willy-Tore Mørch, and Terje Ogden. "Comparing two evidence-based parent training interventions for aggressive children." Journal of Children's Services 9, no. 4 (December 9, 2014): 319–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcs-04-2014-0021.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore whether the changes in externalising behaviour for young aggressive children differ between two evidence-based parent training (PT) programmes after treatment. The treatment formats between these programmes differ, and the authors were particularly interested in whether this influenced the results for participants with co-occurring problems (child variables such as heightened levels of attention and internalising problems, and parental variables such as marital status and education) and the consequent additional risk of poorer treatment outcomes. Design/methodology/approach – A comparison of the individual treatment programme “Parent Management Training – Oregon model” (PMTO) and the group intervention programme “The Incredible Years” (IY) basic training sessions. Outcomes were explored in matched samples from two earlier Norwegian replication studies. The participants were matched on pre-treatment characteristics using a quasi-experimental mis-matching procedure. Findings – There were no significant differences between the two interventions in parent ratings of externalising behaviours and the lack of differing effects between the two treatments remained when the co-occurring risk factors were introduced into the analyses. Research limitations/implications – The participants were matched on pre-treatment characteristics using a quasi-experimental mis-matching procedure. Practical implications – A possible implication of these findings is that parents should be allowed to choose the treatment format of their preference. Further, individual PT may be more appropriate in rural settings with difficulties in forming group interventions. Social implications – Treatment effects did not differ between these two evidence-based interventions. Originality/value – To the best of the knowledge independent comparisons of two evidence-based PT interventions are not previously conducted.
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Farrington, David P., and Brandon C. Welsh. "Saving Children from a Life of Crime: the Benefits Greatly Outweigh the Costs!" International Annals of Criminology 52, no. 1-2 (2014): 67–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003445200000362.
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SummaryThis article reviews some of the most effective programmes for saving children from a life of crime, and also presents the results of cost-benefit analyses of some of these programmes. The best programmes include general parent education in home visiting programmes, parent management training, pre-school intellectual enrichment programmes, child skills training, Functional Family Therapy, Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care and Multisystemic Therapy. Communities That Care is a useful overarching programme. Most of these programmes have been shown to reduce crime and save money. The time is ripe to establish national agencies in all countries which will advance knowledge about early risk factors (from longitudinal studies) and about effective developmental interventions (from randomized experiments and cost-benefit analyses).
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Stretch, Benjamin, Agnieszka Jakubowska, Mihir Patel, Matthew Waite, and Allan Xu. "Medical training in acute specialties: the acute care common stem training pathway." British Journal of Hospital Medicine 82, no. 2 (February 2, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/hmed.2020.0634.
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In 2007, the acute care common stem pathway changed the delivery of acute specialty training. Acute care common stem is the core training programme for all emergency medicine trainees, 46% of anaesthetic trainees and a cohort of acute medicine trainees with more than 630 places nationally, the third highest of any core training programme. In their first 2 years of core training (CT1–2), trainees rotate through 6-month rotations in emergency medicine, acute medicine, anaesthetics and intensive care to gain core competencies in the assessment and management of acutely unwell patients, before completing 1 year (CT3) in their parent specialty. Acute care common stem trainees benefit from undertaking rotations in allied acute specialties, which is invaluable when treating complex and comorbid patients in an ageing population. Acute care common stem gives trainees core skills in management of acutely unwell patients, which can be built upon in higher specialty training.
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Tahmassian, K., and S. Khorramabadi. "The effectiveness of parent management training in parent- child relationship and parental self-efficacy of mothers with autistic children." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72068-5.
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IntroductionOne of the most significant stressors for families is extent of behaviour problems exhibited by children with developmental disabilities. These affects parental efficacy and parent-child relationship which are important variables for optimal parenting (Hastig and Brow, 2002).AimThe aim of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of parent management training to increase child-parent relationship and parental self-efficacy of mothers with autistic children.Methods30 mothers of children with autism (17 in experimental group and 13 in control group) were included. The experimental group participate in parent management training sessions includes behaviour modification techniques for 6 weeks. The scales of this research were Parenting Self-Agency Measure (Dumka, Storerzinge, Jackson and Koosa, 1996) and Parent _Child Relationship test (Pianta, 1994). t test were used to compare the meanings of pre-tests and post-tests.ResultsThe results indicate that there was significant differences between parenting self-efficacy (p < ./05) and parent-child relationship (p < ./001) scores. The experimental group's parental self-efficacy and positive parent-child relationship were significantly higher than control group and parent management trainings increase those important variables in mothers of children with autism.ConclusionParent management training programmes can enhance parental self-efficacy and parent-child relationship and prevent many problems in families with autistic children.
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Östberg, Monica, and Ann-Margret Rydell. "An efficacy study of a combined parent and teacher management training programme for children with ADHD." Nordic Journal of Psychiatry 66, no. 2 (December 12, 2011): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/08039488.2011.641587.
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Kelleher, Emily, Sheena M. McHugh, Janas M. Harrington, Ivan J. Perry, and Frances Shiely. "Understanding engagement in a family-focused, multicomponent, childhood weight management programme delivered in the community setting." Public Health Nutrition 22, no. 8 (February 6, 2019): 1471–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980018003828.
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AbstractObjectiveTo describe public health nurses’ (PHN) experiences of referring to, and families’ experiences of being referred to, a multicomponent, community-based, childhood weight management programme and to provide insight into families’ motivation to participate in and complete treatment.DesignQualitative study using semi-structured interviews and the draw-and-write technique.SettingTwo geographical regions in the south and west of Ireland.ParticipantsNine PHN involved in the referral process, as well as ten parents and nine children who were referred to and completed the programme, participated in the present study.ResultsPHN were afraid of misclassifying children as obese and of approaching the subject of excess weight with parents. Peer support from other PHN as well as training in how best to talk about weight with parents were potential strategies suggested to alleviate these fears. Parents recalled the anxiety provoked by the ‘medical terminology’ used during referral and their difficulty interpreting what it meant for the health of their child. Despite initial fears, concern for their children’s future health was a major driver behind their participation. Children’s enjoyment, the social support experienced by parents as well as staff enthusiasm were key to programme completion.ConclusionsThe present study identifies the difficulties of referring families to community weight management programmes and provides practical suggestions on how to support practitioners in making referrals. It also identifies key positive factors influencing parents’ decisions to enrol in community weight management programmes. These should be maximised by staff and policy makers when developing similar programmes.
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Burgess, Isabel C. "Service innovations: attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder – development of a multi-professional integrated care pathway." Psychiatric Bulletin 26, no. 4 (April 2002): 148–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.26.4.148.
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AIMS AND METHODThere is a need for multi-disciplinary input into the diagnosis and management of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We describe the development of a multi-professional integrated care pathway incorporating education, community paediatrics, child and adolescent mental health services and general practice.RESULTSUsing parent-held documentation this pathway forms the bass of a community-based ADHD clinic.CLINICAL IMPLICATIONSA training programme for schools and health professionals raises awareness of the features of ADHD and covers appropriate management within schools.
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Jackson, Guy. "Placement of Preformed Metal Crowns on Carious Primary Molars by Dental Hygiene/Therapy Vocational Trainees in Scotland: A Service Evaluation Assessing Patient and Parent Satisfaction." Primary Dental Journal 4, no. 4 (December 2015): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/205016815816682218.
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Background The utility and acceptability of preformed metal crowns (PMC) for management of carious primary molars has been established in the literature and published guidance. The role of dental hygienist and therapists (DHT) in the evolving team model in primary care has been recognised as requiring further investigation. The importance of patient and parental acceptance is acknowledged in recent healthcare research. Method This study focuses on patient and parent acceptance of preformed metal crowns placed by DHTs. Prescription format is investigated and the availability of bitewing radiographs considered. Reflective assignments at the end of training gave an indication of DHTs views on increased professional autonomy and the issue of direct access. Patient and parent satisfaction following placement of PMCs by DHT vocational trainees (DHTVT) were evaluated. Data was collected in two audit rounds from 2013 to 2014 using a ‘faces’ scale for children and a Likert scale for parents following placement of PMCs on carious primary molars. Results 133 PMCs were placed (110 children) by 10 DHTVTs over an eight-month period. Overall, radiographs were available for 10.5% of cases. The data showed high levels of patient and parent acceptance of the use of PMCs. Conclusions Low availability of radiographs may represent a missed diagnostic opportunity. PMC placement by DHTVTs resulted in high patient and parent satisfaction, comparable to other studies. Although caries has been declining over the last decade in Scotland,1 evidence shows that inequalities and a social gradient2,3 in experience of caries in children remain. There is a need for tools and strategies for the prevention, recognition, risk assessment, diagnosis, and management of caries in the primary dentition. These must be accessible, acceptable to children and their parents/carers, cost effective, affordable and applicable in the primary care general dental practice environment where most families are likely to be registered. The emerging theme of dentistry being provided in a team model with dental care professionals (DCPs) taking on an expanded role is under continuing review4 following the General Dental Council (GDC) announcements5,6 on ‘direct access’. The Scottish Dental Hygiene and Therapy Vocational Training (DHTVT) programme is a one-year, elective, post-qualification training programme for Dental Hygiene and Therapy graduates run by NHS Education for Scotland (NES). In 2013–2014, DHTVTs were employed across six Scottish health board areas in hospital, salaried and independent settings in urban and rural locations. The elements of the programme involve a blend of clinical mentoring, web-based learning, case presentations, critical reading, reflective assignments and face-to-face theoretical and practical teaching across a number of modules. The aim of this project was to collect data to indicate patient and parental response following the placement of PMCs, collect data on the use of radiographs in children having PMCs placed and to investigate the role of dental therapists in the dental team. The data, once collated, was presented to DHTVTs to inform reflection on the management of carious primary molars and to raise awareness of issues relating to cost effectiveness of providing treatment in a primary care environment and critically appraise perceived barriers to the use of PMCs in the treatment of carious primary molars. Collated data has been presented to trainers in future cohorts to inform discussion amongst the group of trainers at induction days around dental team working, effective detection, diagnosis, risk assessment and prescription to DHTs.
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Assadollahi, G. A., G. R. Ghassemi, and T. Mehrabi. "Training families to better manage schizophrenics’ behaviour." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 6, no. 1 (February 15, 2000): 118–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/2000.6.1.118.
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The influential role of family in the outcome of chronic schizophrenia is well documented. Because families have become the primary caretakers, this study was designed to train parents of chronic schizophrenics to better manage their offspring. The sample comprised 40 parents whose offspring were admitted to a psychiatric ward from April to June 1996. A self-developed index [Patient Management Skills] was used to measure changes in the parents’ expertise in handling their children before and after a 1-month training programme. After training, more parents had the necessary skills to manage the verbal and non-verbal behaviours of their children. Our results bear out the importance of the family’s supportive role in producing a better outcome for schizophrenic patients
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Mohammed, Feruz. "Effects of a Tailored Incredible Years Teacher Classroom Management Programme on On-Task Behaviour of School Children with ADHD in Addis Ababa." Journal of International Special Needs Education 21, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.9782/15-00055r2.
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AbstractAttention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a persistent pattern of behaviours characterized by inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. This study evaluates the effects of a tailored Incredible Years Teacher Classroom Management (IYTCM) programme aimed to improve participating children's on-task behaviour in a group of 6 to 10 year old children with ADHD in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The effectiveness of the IYTCM programme has been extensively examined for children with conduct disorder and/or behaviour and emotional issues, but not specifically with children with ADHD. In the present study, the effects of the IYTCM were examined on individual children with ADHD symptoms. Nine children identified with ADHD symptoms on the basis of teacher and parent reports of behaviour and nine normative comparison children were also selected from the same classrooms. Ten teachers received the tailored IYTCM-ADHD training for about 36 hours. A single-subject design was implemented to record the behaviour changes over time: at baseline, during teacher training with the IYTCM-ADHD programme, and at both immediate and long-term follow-ups. In addition to visual analysis, a non-parametric test was used to examine the magnitude of effect in each child. The result of the study indicated that the on-task behaviour of participating children with ADHD increased by the conclusion of the study ranging from 46% to 100%. Visual analysis also indicated that the children's behaviour was maintained during the follow-up phases. The pre- and post-intervention analyses of children with ADHD showed a significant effect of the intervention on each child. In light of the findings, limitations and implications for future research are discussed.
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Henderson, Kay, and Norma Sargent. "Developing the Incredible Years Webster-Stratton Parenting Skills Training Programme for Use with Adoptive Families." Adoption & Fostering 29, no. 4 (December 2005): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030857590502900406.
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Kay Henderson and Norma Sargent report on the development of an adoption-specific parenting skills programme which took as its starting point the widely used Incredible Years package by Carolyn Webster-Stratton. Four courses of the BASIC Incredible Years programme were run at Coram Family for adoptive parents. During these sessions notes were taken of adoption-related material which arose in discussion and during individual interviews with participants. Additional material for trainers and parents was developed by staff from Coram Adoption Service and the Anna Freud Centre. The courses were also evaluated and parents reported feeling significantly less stressed and more competent after the training, found their children more pleasurable and reported significant reduction in the children's levels of hyper-activity, conduct disorder and behavioural difficulties. The value of combining proven behavioural management strategies with consideration of the specific challenges facing adoptive parents is highlighted.
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Leung, Cynthia, and Barbara Fung. "Non-custodial grandparent caregiving in Chinese families: implications for family dynamics." Journal of Children's Services 9, no. 4 (December 9, 2014): 307–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcs-04-2014-0026.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand the needs and experiences of Chinese families where grandparents were involved in the non-custodial care of their grandchildren. Design/methodology/approach – In total five grandparent focus groups and three parent focus groups were conducted. The data were analysed using the constant comparative method. Findings – Though most grandparents enjoyed their grandparent roles, there were differences in the perception of the grandparent role between grandparents and parents. Both grandparents and parents reported intergenerational conflicts on the management of the grandchildren, which was distressing for both parties. Practical implications – It was suggested that grandparent training programmes might be a viable strategy to support families. Originality/value – The study provided insights into family dynamics in the context of grandparent caregiving, child development, as well as children's services.
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K, Keerthi, Gireeshan V.K, and Deepthi K. "Is Parent Education Tool Effective in Improving Awareness among Parents of a Wheezing Child? A Pre-Experimental Study." Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare 8, no. 06 (February 8, 2021): 298–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2021/58.
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BACKGROUND Asthma is a common chronic disease in childhood. Globally, more than 339 million people are estimated to have asthma. The prevalence of childhood asthma in India is about 6 %. Even though childhood asthma is highly prevalent, the knowledge level among parents / caregivers about the disease, its risk factors, prevention and management is poor. Currently, in India there are no national or state level bodies to provide relevant information about the disease. The rationale of this study is to create a parent education tool that will provide the necessary details about the disease and to check the effectiveness by assessing the improvement in knowledge about childhood asthma among parents of wheezers after implementation of this self-prepared educational tool through a structured teaching programme. METHODS A pre-test post-test pre-experimental study was conducted among parents of children admitted to paediatric ward and intensive care unit of a tertiary care centre in North Kerala. A self-prepared questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge of parents before intervention. Intervention was done using an educational tool prepared by the researcher with the aid of power point presentation and hands on training on technique of using metered dose inhaler. Effectiveness of the tool was assessed after 10 days of intervention using the same questionnaire. Statistical analysis of collected data was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. RESULTS 51 parents were included in the study. The scoring of questionnaire before and after educational intervention was done as poor (< 10 score), average (11 - 20 score) and good (21 - 31 score). The mean score before intervention was 9.98 (SD = 3.14) and after intervention the score became 17.73 (SD = 2.562), and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.00). Mean score of the knowledge regarding treatment and prevention of asthma improved to 10.18 (SD = 2.133) from 4.29 (SD = 2.212). CONCLUSIONS A well-developed parent education tool is a requirement for minor adjustments needed in the lifestyle of a child with asthma, which ensures proper prevention and treatment. KEYWORDS Childhood Asthma, Wheezing Child, Parent Education, Asthma Education Tool, Asthma Awareness
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van Uum, Rick T., Alies Sjoukes, Roderick P. Venekamp, Anne GM Schilder, Esther de Groot, Roger AMJ Damoiseaux, and Sibyl Anthierens. "Pain management in acute otitis media: a qualitative study exploring GPs’ views and expectations parallel to a trial of an educational intervention." BJGP Open 2, no. 4 (October 31, 2018): bjgpopen18X101620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgpopen18x101620.
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BackgroundOptimal pain management is accepted as the cornerstone of acute otitis media (AOM) management, but analgesics are neither prescribed routinely nor explicitly recommended in day-to-day practice.AimTo explore GPs views on and expectations regarding pain management in children with AOM, and how a multifaceted educational intervention aimed at optimising pain management shapes these perceptions.Design & settingQualitative study conducted alongside a cluster randomised controlled trial (cRCT), the PIMPOM study, in the Netherlands.MethodTwelve GPs were purposefully sampled from primary care centres allocated to the intervention group and were interviewed, using semi-structured, audio-recorded interviews. The intervention comprised a blended GP educational programme (internet-based and face-to-face training) aimed at discussing pain management proactively with parents using a parent information leaflet, and prescribing paracetamol and ibuprofen according to current guidelines. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically by a multidisciplinary team.ResultsGPs considered AOM a very painful condition. Initially, GPs felt unable to offer adequate treatment for AOM-related ear pain. The intervention provided tools, such as knowledge, communication skills, and an information leaflet, which reduced their feelings of helplessness and empowered them to manage childhood AOM more adequately. GPs indicated that the intervention led to a shift in focus from treating the infection with antibiotics to treating symptoms with analgesics. There was a general lack of knowledge about the possibility of prescribing ibuprofen to children. GPs expressed mixed views on prescribing this drug to children.ConclusionA primary-care based multifaceted educational intervention aimed at optimising pain management in childhood AOM offered GPs tools to optimise management of this condition and changed GPs perceptions, namely from treating the infection with antibiotics to treating symptoms.
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Björnsdotter, Annika, Ata Ghaderi, and Pia Enebrink. "Cluster Analysis of Child Externalizing and Prosocial Behaviors in a Randomized Effectiveness Trial of the Family-Check Up and Internet-Delivered Parent Training (iComet)." Journal for Person-Oriented Research 6, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 88–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.17505/jpor.2020.22403.
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Objective: To explore whether children with various externalizing/prosocial behavior profiles benefit differently from face-to-face training than from an internet-based parent management training (PMT) programme. Methods: A total of 231 families with children (aged 10 to 13 years) with externalizing behavior problems (EBP) were randomized to receive either the Family Check-Up, delivered by therapists in the community, or the internet-based PMT program (iComet). Person-oriented analysis was used for subtyping the children according to combinations of prosocial behavior and EBP. Results: The person-oriented analysis resulted in five significantly different clusters. There were no significant differences between the five clusters in relation to the total difficulties score of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, family warmth or family conflict, but the within-group effect sizes for the main outcome (total difficulties score) from baseline to post-treatment varied from Cohen’s d of 0.52 to 2.56. There were no significant interaction effects between the clusters and type of intervention. However, for children high on symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and moderate to high on oppositional defiant disorder, and low to relatively high on prosocial behaviors (Cluster 3 respectively 5), substantial residual EBP-symptomatology remained at post-treatment, although both interventions resulted in significant effects. The other three clusters were within the non-clinical EBP-range at post-intervention, irrespective of treatment condition. There were no significant differences between the clusters regarding treatment completion rate (ranging from 47.2% to 67.4%). This study illustrates the value of distinguishing between different profiles of children in the context of PMT for parents of children with EBP.
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Kelleher, Emily, Janas M. Harrington, Frances Shiely, Ivan J. Perry, and Sheena M. McHugh. "Barriers and facilitators to the implementation of a community-based, multidisciplinary, family-focused childhood weight management programme in Ireland: a qualitative study." BMJ Open 7, no. 8 (August 2017): e016459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016459.
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ObjectiveTo explore the barriers and facilitators experienced by those implementing a government-funded, community-based childhood weight management programme.DesignQualitative using semistructured interviews.SettingTwo geographical regions in the south and west of Ireland.Participants29 national-level and local-level stakeholders responsible for implementing the programme, including professionals from dietetics, psychology, public health nursing, physiotherapy, health promotion and administration.MethodsFramework analysis was used to identify barriers and facilitators, which were mapped onto six levels of factors influencing implementation outlined by Grol and Wensing: the innovation, the individual professional, the patient, the social context, the organisational context and the external environment.ResultsMost barriers occurred at the level of the organisational context. For all stakeholders, barriers arose due to the multidisciplinary nature of the programme, including the lack of role clarity and added complexity of working in different locations. Health professionals’ low-perceived self-efficacy in approaching the subject of weight with parents and parental resistance to hearing about their child’s weight status were barriers to programme implementation at the individual professional and patient levels, respectively. The main facilitators of implementation, occurring at the level of the health professional, included stakeholders’ recognition of the need for a weight management programme and personal interest in the area of childhood obesity. Having a local lead and supportive colleagues were further implementation drivers.ConclusionsThis study highlights the complexities associated with implementing a multidisciplinary childhood weight management programme, particularly translating such a programme to a community setting. Our results suggest the assignment of clear roles and responsibilities, the provision of sufficient practical training and resources, and organisational support play pivotal roles in overcoming barriers to change. This evidence can be used to develop an implementation plan to support the translation of interventions into real-world settings.
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Sabherwal, Shalinder, Clare Gilbert, Allen Foster, and Praveen Kumar. "ROP screening and treatment in four district-level special newborn care units in India: a cross-sectional study of screening and treatment rates." BMJ Paediatrics Open 5, no. 1 (March 2021): e000930. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2020-000930.
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ObjectiveBlindness from retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in middle-income countries is generally due to absence of screening or inadequate screening. The objective of this study was to assess uptake of services in an ROP programme in four district-level special newborn care units in India.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingAll four neonatal units of a state in India where model programme for ROP had been introducedPatientsInfants eligible for screening and treatment of ROP between March and May 2017.InterventionData on sex, birth weight and gestational age of eligible infants were collected and medical records reviewed for follow-up.Main outcome measuresProportion of eligible infants screened and for those screened, age at first screening, completion of screening, diagnosis and treatment received if indicated. The characteristics of infants screened and not screened were compared.Results137 (18%) of the 751 infants eligible for screening were screened at least once, with no statistically significant difference by sex. The mean birth weight and gestational age of those screened were significantly lower than those not screened. Among those screened, 43% underwent first screening later than recommended and 44% had incomplete follow-up. Fourteen infants (11% of those screened) were diagnosed with ROP. Five were advised laser treatment and all complied.ConclusionUptake, completion and timing of first screening was suboptimal. Some planned interventions including training of nursing staff, use of integrated data-management software and providing material for parent counselling, which have been initiated, need to be fully implemented to improve uptake of ROP screening services.
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Gould, Nick, and Joanna Richardson. "Parent‐training/education programmes in the management of children with conduct disorders: developing an integrated evidence‐based perspective for health and social care." Journal of Children's Services 1, no. 4 (December 2006): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17466660200600031.
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Nawelwa, Joyce, Chanda Sichinsambwe, and Bupe Getrude Mwanza. "An analysis of total quality management (TQM) practices in Zambian secondary schools." TQM Journal 27, no. 6 (October 12, 2015): 716–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tqm-06-2015-0080.
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Purpose – Total quality management (TQM) is a management approach that was established to seek sources of continuous motion of improvement to provide quality products and services to customers or clients. TQM promotes organizational effectiveness through promoting stakeholder satisfaction, pursuing continuous improvement and fostering proactive leadership. The purpose of this paper is to explore TQM practices in secondary schools. The researchers set objectives which were to identify the TQM principles being practiced in secondary schools, the extent to which these principles are practiced and finally to determine the factors that affect the practice of these principles. The paper includes findings from an exploratory study of TQM practices in Zambian secondary schools. Design/methodology/approach – The research employed a purposive and simple random sampling in order to collect data from 120 secondary school teachers from a total of 1,740 secondary school teachers in Lusaka district drawn from ten secondary schools which were stratified into five zones, namely, Lusaka Central, Chilenje, Mumuni, Chibolya and Chunga zones. Questionnaires and structured scheduled interviews were used to collect data for the research. The research was also anchored on the theoretical and conceptual framework where hypotheses were formed and tested. Findings – The research formed hypotheses based on the seven principles of TQM and this was also verified through the analysis of questionnaires and structured interviews conducted. From the analysis and interpretation of the results, the following was found. Teamwork principle was found to be practiced although most respondents did not know the extent to which it was been practiced. Continuous improvement and training are also principles which were explored and found to be practiced. For continuous improvement, most of the respondents indicated this to have been achieved through carrying out monthly tests and end of term examinations to measure the excellence in-service delivery, as for the training principle; this has been interwoven with the policy of the ministry in programmes aimed at training in-service teachers and anticipated teachers. For the commitment principle, there was commitment from management with a view to working together for pupil satisfaction. For the quality principle, it was found that, at 95 per cent confidence level the mission statement, the motto and the vision of the school depicted quality-related activities. The research also established that at 95 per cent confidence level, teachers were empowered to take direct action whenever action is likely to affect quality. Practical implications – First, the value of this research was to inform management on the need to employ strategies aimed at sensitization programmes before, during and after the programme has come to an end. Second, to promote work attitudes that should promote quality management in education for continuous improvement in pupil performance. Third, for TQM to create a platform among head teachers, teachers, pupils, parents and other stakeholders to work to everyone’s ultimate advantage. Originality/value – This research is original work as it has never been done before in Lusaka district.
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Culverwell, Teresa. "The parent's perspective." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 64, no. 3 (August 2005): 339–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns2005450.
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The present paper gives an insight from a parent's perspective into the roles of health professionals and service providers in the daily management of a child with complex needs that include enteral feeding. It focuses on the case of a 9-year-old boy and discusses some aspects of his diagnosis and treatment, and the support received. It highlights the need for a multi-agency approach based around the child, in which parents are consulted, the opinions of professionals from the different disciplines are valued by other professionals and professionals do not issue conflicting advice but share knowledge before giving advice. There should be national accessibility to support services and a standardised training programme for carers. Better communication between parents, carers, health professionals and service providers and working together can reduce the stress for the patient and carer, and put less strain on much-needed resources.
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BRADY, MICHELLE. "Targeting single mothers? Dynamics of contracting Australian employment services and activation policies at the street level." Journal of Social Policy 47, no. 4 (April 10, 2018): 827–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279418000223.
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AbstractActivation reforms targeted at single parents simultaneously construct them as a legitimate target for activation policy and subject them to new obligations to engage in paid work or education/training. The social policy literature has established that the work of ‘making-up’ target groups occurs at the street level as well as in government legislation. The street level has become even more significant in recent years as there has been a shift towards establishing quasi-markets for the delivery of welfare-to-work programmes and organising these around the principles of performance pay and process flexibility. However, what is largely missing from the existing literature is an analysis of how contract conditions, together with individuals' activation obligations, shape how they are targeted at the street level. Drawing on a study conducted over eight years with agencies in Australia's quasi-market for employment services, this paper argues that the changes to the contracts for governing this market changed how Australian single mothers were targeted by employment services. Over time there was a shift away from making-up single-parent clients as a distinct, vulnerable target group and a shift towards viewing them in terms of risk categories described within the agencies’ contracts.
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Fourie, Elsa. "The impact of school principals on implementing effective teaching and learning practices." International Journal of Educational Management 32, no. 6 (August 13, 2018): 1056–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijem-08-2017-0197.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify limitations in managing the implementation of effective teaching and learning in township ECD centres.Design/methodology/approachThis research was grounded in a community-based participatory research approach. A qualitative research design was utilised because phenomena could be studied in terms of the meanings of people. Elements of grounded theory, situational analysis and community-based participatory research were blended. The qualitative research design involved semi-structured face-to-face interviews with teachers in township ECD centres.FindingsThe findings from this research made it evident that principals of ECD centres were often absent; had not been trained to manage an ECD centre; had limited skills to manage finances; did not communicate with parents or teachers; and did not motivate teachers to achieve goals or to improve their qualifications.Practical implicationsChallenges that could impede the effective implementation of an intervention programme should be identified and addressed. Principals of ECD centres should be empowered to manage their centres effectively. A training programme aimed at empowering principals of ECD centres has been developed and will be implemented after consultation with the gatekeeper and principals of the ECD centres.Originality/valueThe findings of this research could be used by principals and researchers to reflect on management practices in ECD centres. A challenge for principals is to acknowledge the principles of effective management and to close the gap between current practices and effective management practices. Interventions from academics are essential to enhance the quality of teaching and learning in ECD centres.
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Stones, S., V. Swallow, and L. Milnes. "POS0057-PARE SUMMARY OF PATIENT/PARENT ORGANISATION SERVICES PROMOTING SELF- AND SHARED-MANAGEMENT OF JIA IN THE UK AND IRELAND." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 235.1–235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.1153.
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Background:Various patient/parent organisations provide information, education, and support services to children and young people with JIA and their families. Some organisations are JIA/uveitis focused, while others are umbrella rheumatic and musculoskeletal disease (RMD) organisations or have a broader remit to long-term conditions (LTCs). However, there are no summaries of such collective services offered in the UK and Ireland, which can add to confusion for children, young people, and families, while contributing to inconsistent signposting to services from healthcare professionals.Objectives:To summarise current and recent services promoting self- and shared-management of JIA by patient/parent organisations in the UK and Ireland.Methods:An electronic search of known patient/parent organisation platforms (website and/or social networking sites) was performed between August 2020 and January 2021. Materials provided at conference exhibitions since October 2016 were also reviewed. Services were identified, including their aims and further details, if available. These were then mapped by format (e.g., educational, telemedicine, art therapy) and element (e.g., informational videos, monitoring through self-report diaries, discussing art and related feelings), according to their mode of delivery (individual or group), adapted from Sattoe et al. (2015) [1].Results:Twelve patient/parent organisations in the UK and Ireland were identified (11 of which had some form of charity/company registration): seven were JIA-specific, one was uveitis-specific, two were RMD-focused, and two were LTC-focused. In total, 48 services were identified across the twelve organisations. Generally, group mode of delivery was more popular than individual mode of delivery. Of group-based services, educational and/or support sessions and residential/excursion programmes were the most frequently observed. Of individual-based services, educational sessions including written and visual information were predominant. No one organisation provided services across all formats and elements identified. There appeared to be a limited focus on goal setting, individual level skills training, and explicitly improving self-and/or shared-management capacity. Gamification techniques were notably absent, as was the use of psychotherapeutic approaches, such as cognitive behavioural therapy and motivational interviewing.Conclusion:Various services are offered by multiple patient/parent organisations with an interest in JIA across the UK and Ireland to promote self- and shared-management. However, no single organisation provides a comprehensive package of services to address the entire information, education, and support needs of children and young people with JIA, or their families. Furthermore, clarity of services offered across the sector is poor. Enhanced collaboration between organisations, together with a clearer focus on enhancing self- and shared-management of JIA across the lifecourse, may help to improve the offering to children, young people, and their families, so that they can more competently manage JIA.References:[1]Sattoe et al. Self-management interventions for young people with chronic conditions: A systematic overview. Patient Education and Counseling 2015; 98(6): 704-715.Acknowledgements:This work formed part of a PhD study funded by the University of Leeds.Disclosure of Interests:Simon Stones Speakers bureau: Janssen., Consultant of: Envision Pharma Group., Veronica Swallow: None declared, Linda Milnes: None declared.
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Bruce, Iain, Nicola Harman, Paula Williamson, Stephanie Tierney, Peter Callery, Syed Mohiuddin, Katherine Payne, Elisabeth Fenwick, Jamie Kirkham, and Kevin O’Brien. "The management of Otitis Media with Effusion in children with cleft palate (mOMEnt): a feasibility study and economic evaluation." Health Technology Assessment 19, no. 68 (August 2015): 1–374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hta19680.
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BackgroundCleft lip and palate are among the most common congenital malformations, with an incidence of around 1 in 700. Cleft palate (CP) results in impaired Eustachian tube function, and 90% of children with CP have otitis media with effusion (OME) histories. There are several approaches to management, including watchful waiting, the provision of hearing aids (HAs) and the insertion of ventilation tubes (VTs). However, the evidence underpinning these strategies is unclear and there is a need to determine which treatment is the most appropriate.ObjectivesTo identify the optimum study design, increase understanding of the impact of OME, determine the value of future research and develop a core outcome set (COS) for use in future studies.DesignThe management of Otitis Media with Effusion in children with cleft palate (mOMEnt) study had four key components: (i) a survey evaluation of current clinical practice in each cleft centre; (ii) economic modelling and value of information (VOI) analysis to determine if the extent of existing decision uncertainty justifies the cost of further research; (iii) qualitative research to capture patient and parent opinion regarding willingness to participate in a trial and important outcomes; and (iv) the development of a COS for use in future effectiveness trials of OME in children with CP.SettingThe survey was carried out by e-mail with cleft centres. The qualitative research interviews took place in patients’ homes. The COS was developed with health professionals and parents using a web-based Delphi exercise and a consensus meeting.ParticipantsClinicians working in the UK cleft centres, and parents and patients affected by CP and identified through two cleft clinics in the UK, or through the Cleft Lip and Palate Association.ResultsThe clinician survey revealed that care was predominantly delivered via a ‘hub-and-spoke’ model; there was some uncertainty about treatment strategies; it is not current practice to insert VTs at the time of palate repair; centres were in a position to take part in a future study; and the response rate to the survey was not good, representing a potential concern about future co-operation. A COS reflecting the opinions of clinicians and parents was developed, which included nine core outcomes important to both health-care professionals and parents. The qualitative research suggested that a trial would have a 25% recruitment rate, and although hearing was a key outcome, this was likely to be due to its psychosocial consequences. The VOI analysis suggested that the current uncertainty justified the costs of future research.ConclusionsThere exists significant uncertainty regarding the best management strategy for persistent OME in children with clefts, reflecting a lack of high-quality evidence regarding the effectiveness of individual treatments. It is feasible, cost-effective and of significance to clinicians and parents to undertake a trial examining the effectiveness of VTs and HAs for children with CP. However, in view of concerns about recruitment rate and engagement with the clinicians, we recommend that a trial with an internal pilot is considered.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme. This study was part-funded by the Healing Foundation supported by the Vocational Training Charitable Trust who funded trial staff including the study co-ordinator, information systems developer, study statistician, administrator and supervisory staff.
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Tavil, Yusuf Ziya. "A sample parent training programme: group training." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 9 (2010): 1048–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.12.284.
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Ford, Tamsin, Rachel Hayes, Sarah Byford, Vanessa Edwards, Malcolm Fletcher, Stuart Logan, Brahm Norwich, et al. "Training teachers in classroom management to improve mental health in primary school children: the STARS cluster RCT." Public Health Research 7, no. 6 (March 2019): 1–150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/phr07060.
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BackgroundPoor mental health in childhood is common, persistent and associated with a range of adverse outcomes that include persistent psychopathology, as well as risk-taking behaviour, criminality and educational failure, all of which may also compromise health. There is a growing policy focus on children’s mental health and the role of schools in particular in addressing this.ObjectivesTo evaluate whether or not the Incredible Years®(IY) Teacher Classroom Management (TCM) training improved children’s mental health, behaviour, educational attainment and enjoyment of school, improved teachers’ mental health and relationship with work, and was cost-effective in relation to potential improvements.DesignA two-arm, pragmatic, parallel-group, superiority, cluster randomised controlled trial.SettingA total of 80 UK schools (clusters) were recruited in three distinct cohorts between 2012 and 2014 and randomised to TCM (intervention) or teaching as usual [(TAU) control] with follow-ups at 9, 18 and 30 months. Schools and teachers were not masked to allocation.ParticipantsEighty schools (n = 2075 children) were randomised: 40 (n = 1037 children) to TCM and 40 (n = 1038 children) to TAU.InterventionsTCM was delivered to teachers in six whole-day sessions, spread over 6 months. The explicit goals of TCM are to enhance classroom management skills and improve teacher–student relationships.Main outcome measuresThe primary planned outcome was the teacher-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire Total Difficulties (SDQ-TD) score. Random-effects linear regression and marginal logistic regression models using generalized estimating equations were used to analyse outcomes.ResultsThe intervention reduced the SDQ-TD score at 9 months [adjusted mean difference (AMD) –1.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) –1.9 to –0.1;p = 0.03] but there was little evidence of effects at 18 months (AMD –0.1, 95% CI –1.5 to 1.2;p = 0.85) and 30 months (AMD –0.7, 95% CI –1.9 to 0.4;p = 0.23). Planned subgroup analyses suggested that TCM is more effective than TAU for children with poor mental health. Cost-effectiveness analysis using the SDQ-TD suggested that the probability of TCM being cost-effective compared with TAU was associated with some uncertainty (range of 40% to 80% depending on the willingness to pay for a unit improvement in SDQ-TD score). In terms of quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), there was evidence to suggest that TCM was cost-effective compared with TAU at the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence thresholds of £20,000–30,000 per QALY at 9- and 18-month follow-up, but not at 30-month follow-up. There was evidence of reduced disruptive behaviour (p = 0.04) and reductions in inattention and overactivity (p = 0.02) at the 30-month follow-up. Despite no main effect on educational attainment, subgroup analysis indicated that the intervention’s effect differed between those who did and those who did not have poor mental health for both literacy (interactionp = 0.04) and numeracy (interactionp = 0.03). Independent blind observations and qualitative feedback from teachers suggested that teachers’ behaviour in the classroom changed as a result of attending TCM training.LimitationsTeachers were not masked to allocation and attrition was marked for parent-reported data.ConclusionsOur findings provide tentative evidence that TCM may be an effective universal child mental health intervention in the short term, particularly for primary school children who are identified as struggling, and it may be a cost-effective intervention in the short term.Future workFurther research should explore TCM as a whole-school approach by training all school staff and should evaluate the impact of TCM on academic progress in a more thorough and systematic manner.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN84130388.FundingThis project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme and will be published in full inPublic Health Research; Vol. 7, No. 6. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information. Funding was also provided by the NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care South West Peninsula (NIHR CLAHRC South West Peninsula).
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Khan, Khola, Aoife Harrington, Rupinder Pannu, Sian Bentley, Sukeshi Makhecha, Nimla Pentayya, and Clare Pheasant. "SELF-ADMINISTRATION OF IN-PATIENT MEDICATIONS: A PILOT STUDY IN CHILDREN WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS." Archives of Disease in Childhood 101, no. 9 (August 17, 2016): e2.68-e2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2016-311535.70.
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IntroductionChildren with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) have complex medication regimens, where responsibility for administration usually lies with the parent/carer until the child is older and able to take over this role.1 On admission to hospital this role is usually undertaken by nurses, leaving patients/parents/carers feeling disempowered, and unprepared for discharge.AimsAll CF admissions to be offered the Self-Administration Of Medicines Scheme (SAM).▸ Empower patients/parents/carers with responsibility of administering their own medications▸ Reduce nursing time▸ Educate patients/parents/carers about their medications▸ Cost-saving by utilising Patients Own Medicines (PODs).MethodA policy and training programme was developed and approved by the Trust's Medicines Management Board. This provided a framework for staff to use so that they may:▸ Obtain consent▸ Evaluate and re-use PODs▸ Safely store and obtain supplies▸ Continuously negotiate accountability for administration with patient/parent/carer.The study was conducted over a 10 month period, where all families with CF admitted, were assessed for participation in SAM. The nursing teams acted as the primary assessors for SAM and any concerns were referred to the paediatric CF multidisciplinary team. To evaluate the pilot, families were given questionnaires to establish their views about the scheme. Nurses were asked to feedback if SAM decreased time for medication administration. To evaluate the associated cost-saving, data on PODs suitable for re-use was collected.Results159 children with CF were admitted to the ward, 95 (60%) were assessed to participate in the scheme and 64 (40%) of these did not join. Reasons for not joining included 32 (50%) short admissions, 13 (20%) refused, 5 (8%) patients were seriously ill and 14 (22%) had ‘other’ reasons. Those who joined the scheme received questionnaires and 31 (33%) of these were completed. All welcomed the scheme and stated that they would take part again with the main benefits cited as not needing to wait for nurses to administer medications, greater independence and the ability to maintain the same routine as home. When asked what participants would change, 16 (52%) stated nothing, 10 (32%) wanted the assessment process to allow for faster progression through the levels of SAM, 4 (13%) asked for larger medication lockers and 1 (3%) wanted better communication about new medications. 30 nursing questionnaires were completed and highlighted that nursing staff spent less time on administering medicines. Nurses also stated that medication administration was less pressurised as double-checking of doses could be performed with the participant, rather than another nurse. Their main concern was the extra documentation required for SAM. Where PODs were used for patients, the average cost saving per patient over a 3 month period was £1023.ConclusionThe pilot scheme has been well received by staff and patients/parents/carers, allowing greater engagement in the administration of medicines and cost-savings. As a result of this, the SAM scheme will be extended to the remaining patients on the ward.
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Oepkes, Dick, and Monique Haak. "Extracardiac malformations: associations and importance: consequences for perinatal management of foetal cardiac patients." Cardiology in the Young 24, S2 (August 27, 2014): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951114001425.
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AbstractFoetal echocardiography has become an established subspecialty in paediatric cardiology. The skills to perform detailed assessment of foetal cardiac anomalies in a tiny, moving foetus surrounded by sometimes challenging layers of maternal tissue are not easy to obtain, and require prolonged periods of specific training and supervised scanning in expert centres. The goal of this overview is to discuss the importance of the awareness of the fact that expert examination of the foetal heart and in-depth knowledge of newborn surgical interventions are only a part of the picture; many cardiac abnormal foetuses do not just have an isolated cardiac defect. The extracardiac malformations, when present, play a major role in determining the treatment and prognosis. The challenge of providing optimal prenatal care to the pregnant woman, who remains the primary patient at least until the umbilical cord is cut, carrying a foetus with a cardiac malformation is to organise rapid, effective, and complete evaluation of all possible foetal anomalies in a multidisciplinary team approach, followed by clear and honest non-directive counselling on all possible options. Only then, with the maximum involvement of the parents, decisions on perinatal management can be taken by the team. Controversies do exist in view of various obstetric, paediatric, and other specialists on how to best organise this multidisciplinary care programme. In this paper, we provide a practical, logical, and efficient path of care for the pregnant woman suspected to carry a foetus with a heart defect.
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Craig, Gillian M., Eva Brown Hajdukova, Celia Harding, Chris Flood, Christine McCourt, Diane Sellers, Joy Townsend, et al. "Psychosocial support for families of children with neurodisability who have or are considering a gastrostomy: the G-PATH mixed-methods study." Health Services and Delivery Research 8, no. 38 (October 2020): 1–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hsdr08380.
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Background Evidence reviews recommend consistent and structured support for children with neurodisability and their caregivers in care pathways in which professionals recommend a gastrostomy feeding tube. To date, and to our knowledge, no research has shown how these recommendations have been implemented. Objectives The objectives were to describe different exemplar models of psychosocial support and provide an estimate of their resources and costs. Design This was a mixed-methods study involving (1) a web-based survey, (2) a qualitative, collective case study of psychosocial support provision in four services and (3) an estimate of costs and preference through a willingness-to-pay study. Setting Four service configurations in different locations in England and Scotland. Participants Participants were staff who responded to a survey (n = 67) and interviewees (staff, n = 58; parents/children, n = 29). Findings Psychosocial support was rarely formalised or documented; it was delivered by different members of the multidisciplinary team, rather than by designated staff, and it was often integrated into appointments dominated by clinical care. Parents expressed different needs for support but reported little opportunity to discuss emotional aspects. Psychologists were not routinely involved and, in general, families were underserved by psychosocial services. Professionals constructed families’ need for psychosocial support in terms of their own roles and the management of risk. Mechanisms for integrating and delivering support were identified, including models of care that linked community and tertiary health services and integrated health and education through pooled budgets. Although generally valued by both staff and parents, peer-to-peer parent support was not consistently offered. Barriers included concerns about confidentiality and appropriately matching parents. Parents participated as members of a feeding committee at one site. Three analytical constructs described the provision of psychosocial support: ‘hidden work’, expressing emotional vulnerability and negotiations around risks and values. The cost-of-support study found that there was a mean of 2.25 appointments (n = 8 parents or carers) over the previous 12 months. The cost of health-care professionals’ time spent on providing psychosocial support ranged from £0.00 to £317.37 per child per year, with an average cost of £76.42, at 2017 prices. In the willingness-to-pay study the median rank of enhanced support, involving the opportunity to see a psychologist and parental peers, was significantly higher than that of usual care (n = 96 respondents, both carers and professionals, who completed rating of the service; p < 0.001). Limitations It proved difficult to disseminate a national survey, which resulted in a small number of returns, and to cost the provision of psychosocial support, which we designated as ‘hidden work’, owing to the lack of recording in clinical systems. Moreover, estimates were based on small numbers. Conclusions Parent interviews and the willingness-to-pay study demonstrated a preference for enhanced psychosocial support. The study suggests that there is a need for services to formally assess families’ needs for psychosocial support to ensure that provision is planned, costed and made explicit in care pathways. Personalised interventions may assist with the targeting of resources and ensuring that there is an appropriate balance in focus on both clinical care and psychosocial support needs in relation to and following treatment. Future work More work is needed to develop tools to assess families’ needs for psychosocial support and the effectiveness of training packages to strengthen team competency in providing support. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Services and Delivery Research programme and will be published in full in Health Services and Delivery Research; Vol. 8, No. 38. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Mabe, P. Alex, M. Kevin Turner, and Allan M. Josephson. "Parent Management Training." Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America 10, no. 3 (July 2001): 451–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1056-4993(18)30040-3.
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Spender, Quentin. "Parent-Training Programmes for the Management of Young Children with Conduct Disorders: Findings from Research. Joanna Richardson and Carol Joughin, London: Gaskell, 2002, 105pp. £15 pb, ISBN: 1-901242-80-3." Psychiatric Bulletin 28, no. 2 (February 2004): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.28.2.70-a.
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Kotecha, Pankaj P., and Margaret A. Liessi. "PARENT-INFANT TRAINING PROGRAMME FOR YOUNG CEREBRAL PALSIED CHILDREN." Australian Occupational Therapy Journal 26, no. 1 (August 27, 2010): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1630.1979.tb00681.x.
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Ghanney, Robert Andrews. "Exploring the Capacity of Formal School Governing Bodies in Rural Ghana: The Case of Effutu Municipality." Journal of Education and Culture Studies 1, no. 2 (July 3, 2017): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jecs.v1n2p153.
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<p><em>As part of wider social and democratic governance reforms, the Government of Ghana embarked on a process of education decentralization in 1987 (GOG, 1996). The central focus of this policy was the prescription of community participation in the affairs of school in each locality (Essuman & Akyeampong, 2011). Free Compulsory Universal Basic Education (FCUBE) policy recommends the formation of School Management Committees (SMCs), governing bodies and Parent-Teacher Associations (PTAs) by individual schools to work hand-in-hand with the head teacher and guide him/her in school policy formulation (GES, 2001). Capacity has become a topical issue in decentralisation discourse and critics of the latter have argued against the lack of technical and human resource availability at the local level (De Grauwe et al., 2005; Robinson, 2007), but unfortunately, research on capacity of formal governance bodies appears to have been less undertaken in poorer rural areas in Ghana. In recognition of this, the study sought to understand the nature and quality of capacity and how that impact on participation in school from the perspectives of SMCs in two rural school communities in Effutu Municipality. The study adopted qualitative methods of focus groups, supported by some initial documentary analysis to gain understanding of school governance from key stakeholder perspectives. The findings revealed that although formal school governing bodies existed in the rural study communities, many of the SMC members lacked human and material resource to engage fully in school management. The study recommends capacity building and training programmes to enable the SMC members upgrade their knowledge and skills in school governance.</em></p>
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Brenner, Maria, Amanda Doyle, Thelma Begley, Carmel Doyle, Katie Hill, and Maryanne Murphy. "Enhancing care of children with complex healthcare needs: an improvement project in a community health organisation in Ireland." BMJ Open Quality 10, no. 1 (February 2021): e001025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2020-001025.
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BackgroundIntegration of care for children with complex care needs is developing slowly internationally. There remains wide variation in the governance of, and access to, care for these children and their families.Local problemThere was a need to develop a service that would have a specific remit for organising the overall management and governance of the care of these children in the community.MethodA bespoke model was established specifically to support the needs of children with complex healthcare needs (CHNs). The sole focus of the team is to provide the highest standard of care to these children and their families, and to enable families to remain central to decision-making.InterventionThe service for children with CHNs was established in August 2017 with the appointment of a service manager and case managers. A comprehensive training and education programme was put in place to support care to the children and their families.ResultsThe service is viewed as delivering high-quality care. Parents and stakeholders highlighted the value placed within the service on individualised care, specialist knowledge and the importance of advocacy.ConclusionsThe model recognises the exceptional lives these children and families live, given the complexities and challenges they have to overcome on a daily basis. The team have built a specialist knowledge and skill set in supporting families and others involved in the care of the child, as they are solely employed and dedicated to the provision of care to children with CHNs. The corporate governance structures seem strong and stand up to scrutiny very well in terms of parents’ and stakeholders’ perspectives and in the context of published international best practice.
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Macleod, Liz. "Pain Management Programme Training Manual." Physiotherapy 85, no. 12 (December 1999): 690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9406(05)61238-2.
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Parry, Sarah L., Jane Simpson, and Ste Weatherhead. "Changing Relationships through Interactions: Preliminary Accounts of Parent–Child Interactions after Undertaking Individual Parent Training." Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal 35, no. 6 (May 7, 2018): 639–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10560-018-0547-3.
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AbstractParent and child interaction training has been increasingly investigated over recent years. However, the mechanisms of change within individual training programmes are not well understood. To explore the factors that can facilitate or inhibit meaningful changes in interactions and ultimately relationships, the current study employed semi-structured interviews to obtain first person accounts from parents who had undertaken an individualised parent-training programme. Three participants provided accounts of the training programme and their perceived impact upon interactions with their children were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. The analysis resulted in three themes, which illustrate how participants adjusted their interactional style with their child to varying degrees through enhanced personal awareness, increased understanding of their child’s emotional and interactional needs, and accepting the reciprocity of interactional accountability. Changes in interactional style enabled participants to alter their perceptions of their own behaviours, their child’s behaviours, and how they influenced one another through interactions. Recommendations for future research and therapeutic practice are discussed in the context of the findings and the existing evidence base.
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Millichap, J. Gordon. "Parent Training Management of Preschool ADHD." Pediatric Neurology Briefs 15, no. 4 (April 1, 2001): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15844/pedneurbriefs-15-4-4.
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Curran, Joseph. "Parent stress management training for ADHD." Mental Health Practice 9, no. 2 (October 2005): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/mhp.9.2.32.s28.
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Millichap, J. G. "Parent Training Management for Preschool ADHD." AAP Grand Rounds 5, no. 6 (June 1, 2001): 60–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/gr.5-6-60.
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Sofronoff, Kate, Anthony Leslie, and Wendy Brown. "Parent Management Training and Asperger Syndrome." Autism 8, no. 3 (September 2004): 301–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361304045215.
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Oliver, Ally. "Permit to work: the Integrated Safe System of Work." APPEA Journal 50, no. 1 (2010): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj09043.
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A permit to work (PTW) system is a formal system used to control certain types of work that are identified as potentially hazardous. It is also a means of communication between facility management, plant supervisors and operators, and those who carry out the hazardous work. The essential features of a PTW system are: • Clear identification for who may authorise particular jobs, and who is responsible for specifying the necessary precautions; • Training and instruction in the issue and use of permits; and, • Monitoring and auditing to ensure that the system works as intended. PTW systems are the key to ensuring safe execution of activities at site, yet there are many approaches to how permit systems can, and should, work. Each approach has its own merits and weaknesses. Woodside recognised that, as part of its ongoing program to improve the safety of its workers, there existed significant scope for a new and better work management system. After many years of incremental evolution of the PTW and the fragmentation of the parent system as each facility developed its own variation, it was evident that a completely new system embracing modern technology would provide the best result, while simultaneously standardising Woodside with one common and centralised system. The divergence of the systems over time caused increasing difficulty in managing changes to the PTW system across all sites and in benchmarking to determine best practice. A centralised system would remove accountability from facilities for the development of the business rules, and instead ensure they focussed on compliance with the rules. The new system would adopt key learnings from the industry’s history and address root causes of past incidents. It would also enable the ability to adopt future learnings and become a conduit for rapid integration into the working practices on all sites. The Integrated Safe System of Work (iSSoW) developed by Woodside adopts best practices from permit systems worldwide and combines them with new innovative management features. The system is administered through a simple-to-use computer interface, with incorporation of many of the business rules into the software package. The iSSoW is now in place on all Woodside facilities (platforms, not-normally manned installations, FPSO’s and onshore plants). With nearly 4,000 users, the implementation has required careful coordination, and been supported by a comprehensive training programme. The system has been demonstrated to be both effective and efficient. Effectiveness—the improvement of safety performance—was the primary objective. The system has raised work party hazards awareness, and has resulted in significant improvements in working practices company-wide. Efficiency was a secondary goal, and is made possible through streamlining in the user-interface. The introduction of the new system complements Woodside’s work to develop an improved safety culture, and brings consistency across all sites and all shifts—essential features as our industry struggles to deal with the growing scarcity of skills and experience. The system is now being reviewed by organisations across many industry and service sectors in Australia, and has been implemented in the power industry. This paper discusses the attributes of the system, the many challenges associated with development and large-scale implementation of such a core system, and the additional opportunities the system presents. Using a case study of implementation of iSSoW onto the Woodside operational facilities, it highlights the critical success factors of introducing iSSoW on a company-wide basis.
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Ciplea, Agnes M., Karl Kleine, Björn B. Burckhardt, Stephanie Läer, Jörg Breitkreutz, Lucie Špatenková, and Ingrid Klingmann. "DEVELOPMENT AND ESTABLISHMENT OF A QUALITY-FRAMEWORK FOR THE LENA PROJECT." Archives of Disease in Childhood 101, no. 1 (December 14, 2015): e1.70-e1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2015-310148.72.
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BackgroundThe LENA (Labeling of Enalapril from Neonates up to Adolescents) project has been initiated to improve the healthcare of children with heart failure by an enalapril orodispersible mini-tablet. The LENA consortium combines academic clinical research centers, SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises) and a patient/parent advocacy organization. The objective of the project requires to comply with respective GxP regulations like Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP), Good Clinical (Laboratory) Practice (GCP/“GCLP”1) and Good Vigilance Practice (GVP). The project team is comprised of sub-teams experienced in paediatric clinical practice, medicines development, clinical research and project management, but not all team members work in an appropriate quality framework. Aim: To establish a well-documented, efficient quality system applying a new approach for ensuring quality in all trial aspects by combining existing organization-related quality system elements of the project partners with newly developed SOPs and overarching, integrating trial-specific elements to ensure a reliable quality environment for the LENA Phase I clinical trial.MethodsBased on the network-structure of the project organization, a strategy based on a team approach with joint responsibilities for the quality conduct of the project was pursuit, forming a QM Team consisting of the project leader, the leaders for pharmaceutical and clinical development and an external quality expert. The team compiled a quality manual and an organizational chart displaying the sub-teams and their responsibilities. Another responsibility of the team is the integration of existing SOPs and Work Instructions as well as the creation of procedures at the project level and furthermore the verification of appropriate qualification of all staff involved in the project through CVs, job descriptions and training records.ResultsFor the Phase I study, a thorough analysis of all existing relevant SOPs and Work Instructions, forms and other quality elements was performed, uncovered trial-related processes were identified and a work plan was established to fill the gaps with the smallest possible number of newly developed organization-related SOPs/Work Instructions and by preparing trial-specific process manuals. Demonstration of the trial team members was ensured by completing documentation concerning CVs, job description and training records. Among the sub-teams, the GCLP environment of the bioanalytical laboratory was started from scratch and could adequately support the LENA Phase I study by “GCLP” quality work and sample logistics.ConclusionThe consortiums approach enabled the preparation of a comprehensive, reliable GxP compliant quality system within a short timeframe and with the limited resources of a publicly funded project.1 “GCLP” is used as acronym for a quality system established in compliance with “Reflection paper for laboratories that perform the analysis or evaluation of clinical trial samples” (EMA/INS/GCP/532137/2010; 28 February 2012)The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) under grant agreement n°602295 (LENA).
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Peters, Mark J., Imran Khan, Kerry Woolfall, Elizabeth Deja, Paul R. Mouncey, Jerome Wulff, Alexina Mason, et al. "Different temperature thresholds for antipyretic intervention in critically ill children with fever due to infection: the FEVER feasibility RCT." Health Technology Assessment 23, no. 5 (February 2019): 1–148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hta23050.
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Background Fever accelerates host immune system control of pathogens but at a high metabolic cost. The optimal approach to fever management and the optimal temperature thresholds used for treatment in critically ill children are unknown. Objectives To determine the feasibility of conducting a definitive randomised controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of different temperature thresholds for antipyretic management. Design A mixed-methods feasibility study comprising three linked studies – (1) a qualitative study exploring parent and clinician views, (2) an observational study of the epidemiology of fever in children with infection in paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) and (3) a pilot RCT with an integrated-perspectives study. Setting Participants were recruited from (1) four hospitals in England via social media (for the FEVER qualitative study), (2) 22 PICUs in the UK (for the FEVER observational study) and (3) four PICUs in England (for the FEVER pilot RCT). Participants (1) Parents of children with relevant experience were recruited to the FEVER qualitative study, (2) patients who were unplanned admissions to PICUs were recruited to the FEVER observational study and (3) children admitted with infection requiring mechanical ventilation were recruited to the FEVER pilot RCT. Parents of children and clinicians involved in the pilot RCT. Interventions The FEVER qualitative study and the FEVER observational study had no interventions. In the FEVER pilot RCT, children were randomly allocated (1 : 1) using research without prior consent (RWPC) to permissive (39.5 °C) or restrictive (37.5 °C) temperature thresholds for antipyretics during their PICU stay while mechanically ventilated. Main outcome measures (1) The acceptability of FEVER, RWPC and potential outcomes (in the FEVER qualitative study), (2) the size of the potentially eligible population and the temperature thresholds used (in the FEVER observational study) and (3) recruitment and retention rates, protocol adherence and separation between groups and distribution of potential outcomes (in the FEVER pilot RCT). Results In the FEVER qualitative study, 25 parents were interviewed and 56 clinicians took part in focus groups. Both the parents and the clinicians found the study acceptable. Clinicians raised concerns regarding temperature thresholds and not using paracetamol for pain/discomfort. In the FEVER observational study, 1853 children with unplanned admissions and infection were admitted to 22 PICUs between March and August 2017. The recruitment rate was 10.9 per site per month. The majority of critically ill children with a maximum temperature of > 37.5 °C received antipyretics. In the FEVER pilot RCT, 100 eligible patients were randomised between September and December 2017 at a recruitment rate of 11.1 per site per month. Consent was provided for 49 out of 51 participants in the restrictive temperature group, but only for 38 out of 49 participants in the permissive temperature group. A separation of 0.5 °C (95% confidence interval 0.2 °C to 0.8 °C) between groups was achieved. A high completeness of outcome measures was achieved. Sixty parents of 57 children took part in interviews and/or completed questionnaires and 98 clinicians took part in focus groups or completed a survey. Parents and clinicians found the pilot RCT and RWPC acceptable. Concerns about children being in pain/discomfort were cited as reasons for withdrawal and non-consent by parents and non-adherence to the protocol by clinicians. Limitations Different recruitment periods for observational and pilot studies may not fully reflect the population that is eligible for a definitive RCT. Conclusions The results identified barriers to delivering the definitive FEVER RCT, including acceptability of the permissive temperature threshold. The findings also provided insight into how these barriers may be overcome, such as by limiting the patient inclusion criteria to invasive ventilation only and by improved site training. A definitive FEVER RCT using a modified protocol should be conducted, but further work is required to agree important outcome measures for clinical trials among critically ill children. Trial registration The FEVER observational study is registered as NCT03028818 and the FEVER pilot RCT is registered as Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN16022198. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 23, No. 5. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Brown, J. F., Kate Spencer, and Stella Swift. "A parent training programme for chronic food refusal: a case study." British Journal of Learning Disabilities 30, no. 3 (September 2002): 118–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-3156.2002.00128.x.
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Hanisch, Charlotte, Inez Freund-Braier, Christopher Hautmann, Nicola Jänen, Julia Plück, Gabriele Brix, Ilka Eichelberger, and Manfred Döpfner. "Detecting Effects of the Indicated Prevention Programme for Externalizing Problem Behaviour (PEP) on Child Symptoms, Parenting, and Parental Quality of Life in a Randomized Controlled Trial." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 38, no. 1 (December 8, 2009): 95–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465809990440.
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Background: Behavioural parent training is effective in improving child disruptive behavioural problems in preschool children by increasing parenting competence. The indicated Prevention Programme for Externalizing Problem behaviour (PEP) is a group training programme for parents and kindergarten teachers of children aged 3–6 years with externalizing behavioural problems. Aims: To evaluate the effects of PEP on child problem behaviour, parenting practices, parent-child interactions, and parental quality of life. Method: Parents and kindergarten teachers of 155 children were randomly assigned to an intervention group (n = 91) and a nontreated control group (n = 64). They rated children's problem behaviour before and after PEP training; parents also reported on their parenting practices and quality of life. Standardized play situations were video-taped and rated for parent-child interactions, e.g. parental warmth. Results: In the intention to treat analysis, mothers of the intervention group described less disruptive child behaviour and better parenting strategies, and showed more parental warmth during a standardized parent-child interaction. Dosage analyses confirmed these results for parents who attended at least five training sessions. Children were also rated to show less behaviour problems by their kindergarten teachers. Conclusions: Training effects were especially positive for parents who attended at least half of the training sessions. Abbreviations: CBCL: Child Behaviour Checklist; CII: Coder Impressions Inventory; DASS: Depression anxiety Stress Scale; HSQ: Home-situation Questionnaire; LSS: Life Satisfaction Scale; OBDT: observed behaviour during the test; PCL: Problem Checklist; PEP: prevention programme for externalizing problem behaviour; PPC: Parent Problem Checklist; PPS: Parent Practices Scale; PS: Parenting Scale; PSBC: Problem Setting and Behaviour checklist; QJPS: Questionnaire on Judging Parental Strains; SEFS: Self-Efficacy Scale; SSC: Social Support Scale; TRF: Caregiver-Teacher Report Form
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KAZDIN, ALAN E. "Parent Management Training: Evidence, Outcomes, and Issues." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 36, no. 10 (October 1997): 1349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199710000-00016.
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Dempsey, Jack, Samuel McQuillin, Ashley M. Butler, and Marni E. Axelrad. "Maternal Depression and Parent Management Training Outcomes." Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings 23, no. 3 (July 22, 2016): 240–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10880-016-9461-z.
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White, James, Jemma Hawkins, Kim Madden, Aimee Grant, Vanessa Er, Lianna Angel, Timothy Pickles, et al. "Adapting the ASSIST model of informal peer-led intervention delivery to the Talk to FRANK drug prevention programme in UK secondary schools (ASSIST + FRANK): intervention development, refinement and a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial." Public Health Research 5, no. 7 (October 2017): 1–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/phr05070.
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BackgroundIllicit drug use increases the risk of poor physical and mental health. There are few effective drug prevention interventions.ObjectiveTo assess the acceptability of implementing and trialling two school-based peer-led drug prevention interventions.DesignStage 1 – adapt ASSIST, an effective peer-led smoking prevention intervention to deliver information from the UK national drug education website [see www.talktofrank.com (accessed 29 August 2017)]. Stage 2 – deliver the two interventions, ASSIST + FRANK (+FRANK) and FRANK friends, examine implementation and refine content. Stage 3 – four-arm pilot cluster randomised control trial (cRCT) of +FRANK, FRANK friends, ASSIST and usual practice, including a process evaluation and an economic assessment.SettingFourteen secondary schools (two in stage 2) in South Wales, UK.ParticipantsUK Year 8 students aged 12–13 years at baseline.Interventions+FRANK is a UK informal peer-led smoking prevention intervention provided in Year 8 followed by a drug prevention adjunct provided in Year 9. FRANK friends is a standalone informal peer-led drug prevention intervention provided in Year 9. These interventions are designed to prevent illicit drug use through training influential students to disseminate information on the risks associated with drugs and minimising harms using content from www.talktofrank.com. Training is provided off site and follow-up visits are made in school.OutcomesStage 1 – +FRANK and FRANK friends intervention manuals and resources. Stage 2 – information on the acceptability and fidelity of delivery of the interventions for refining manuals and resources. Stage 3 – (a) acceptability of the interventions according to prespecified criteria; (b) qualitative data from students, staff, parents and intervention teams on implementation and receipt of the interventions; (c) comparison of the interventions; and (d) recruitment and retention rates, completeness of primary, secondary and intermediate outcome measures and estimation of costs.Results+FRANK and FRANK friends were developed with stakeholders [young people, teachers (school management team and other roles), parents, ASSIST trainers, drug agency staff and a public health commissioner] over an 18-month period. In the stage 2 delivery of +FRANK, 12 out of the 14 peer supporters attended the in-person follow-ups but only one completed the electronic follow-ups. In the pilot cRCT, 12 schools were recruited, randomised and retained. The student response rate at the 18-month follow-up was 93% (1460/1567 students). Over 80% of peer supporters invited were trained and reported conversations on drug use and contact with trainers. +FRANK was perceived less positively than FRANK friends. The prevalence of lifetime illicit drug use was 4.1% at baseline and 11.6% at follow-up, with low numbers of missing data for all outcomes. The estimated cost per school was £1942 for +FRANK and £3041 for FRANK friends. All progression criteria were met.ConclusionsBoth interventions were acceptable to students, teachers and parents, but FRANK friends was preferred to +FRANK. A limitation of the study was that qualitative data were collected on a self-selecting sample. Future work recommendations include progression to a Phase III effectiveness trial of FRANK friends.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN14415936.FundingThis project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme and will be published in full inPublic Health Research; Vol. 5, No. 7. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information. The work was undertaken with the support of the Centre for the Development and Evaluation of Complex Interventions for Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer). Joint funding (MR/KO232331/1) from the British Heart Foundation, Cancer Research UK, the Economic and Social Research Council, the Medical Research Council, the Welsh Government and the Wellcome Trust, under the auspices of the UK CRC, is gratefully acknowledged.
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Strebler, Marie. "Developing a competence‐based management training programme." Management Development Review 8, no. 3 (June 1995): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09622519510092586.
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