Journal articles: 'Parental contact'

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Lake, Roger. "Adolescents and Parental Contact." Adoption & Fostering 11, no. 2 (July 1987): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030857598701100205.

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Taylor, Nicola. "Relocation following parental separation." Children Australia 35, no. 4 (2010): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s103507720000122x.

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Each year many families relocate to live in new places, but disputes will not usually arise over this when the family is intact because the two parents, and perhaps the children, will reach the decision about shifting together. Nevertheless the move will mean these children are likely to experience the loss of familiar surroundings and close friendships, need to change (pre)schools and start afresh with many aspects of their lives. It is when the parents are already living apart that a proposed relocation by one of them might mean the Courts are called upon to examine the interests at stake and determine the outcome. Relocation in this context has particular poignancy for the children involved because, if their parent's application to relocate is approved by the Court, this might marginalise the role of their other parent in their life.It is not, of course, uncommon for separated parents to have to move in the aftermath of their relationship breakdown as they re-establish themselves in separate households and negotiate their children's care and contact arrangements. However, when the proposed relocation by the resident parent involves moving such a distance from the non-resident parent that contact visits become problematic, then the potential for a major dispute exists. This is particularly so when there has been a pattern of frequent contact and the non-resident parent refuses to acquiesce in the move. While these cases can be very difficult to resolve by agreement, some separated parents are able to negotiate the relocation without seeking recourse to the legal system.

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Delfabbro, Paul H., James G. Barber, and Lesley Cooper. "The Role of Parental Contact in Substitute Care." Journal of Social Service Research 28, no. 3 (October 17, 2002): 19–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j079v28n03_02.

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Giordano, Simona. "The Fifth Commandment." International Journal of Children’s Rights 23, no. 1 (March 28, 2015): 27–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718182-02301004.

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Having contact with each other is one of the most fundamental aspects of the parental-filial relationship. When it comes to this very fundamental aspect of the relationship, an incongruence is apparent: parents have aprima facieright to have contact with their children; children do not have a corresponding right to have contact with their parents. A parent, at least in England, can disconnect entirely from the life of his/her children. This paper argues that this may make certain forms of child neglectde factolawful. This paper also draws a parallel between parental denial of contact and parental child abduction, and argues that there are important similarities between the two, so far overlooked by the literature on child maltreatment. This paper concludes that if parents have a right to have contact with their children, then in principle children should also have a right to have contact with their parents.

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Bagci, Sabahat Cigdem, and Hazal Gungor. "Associations between perceived positive and negative parental contact and adolescents’ intergroup contact experiences." International Journal of Intercultural Relations 69 (March 2019): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2019.01.002.

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Poortman, Anne-Rigt, and Marieke Voorpostel. "Parental Divorce and Sibling Relationships." Journal of Family Issues 30, no. 1 (August 4, 2008): 74–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x08322782.

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This study examines long-term effects of parental divorce on sibling relationships in adulthood and the role of predivorce parental conflict. It used large-scale retrospective data from the Netherlands that contain reports from both siblings of the sibling dyad. Results show limited effects of parental divorce on sibling contact and relationship quality in adulthood but strong effects on sibling conflict. The greater conflict among siblings from divorced families is explained by the greater parental conflict in these families. Parental conflict is a far more important predictor than parental divorce per se. Siblings from high-conflict families have less contact, lower relationship quality, and more conflict than do siblings from low-conflict families. Finally, when it comes to sibling relationship quality, the effect of parental divorce depends on the amount of parental conflict. Parental divorce has little effect on the quality of the relationship in low-conflict families, but it improves the relationship in high-conflict families.

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Kathyné Mogyoróssy, Anita, and Erika Beáta Nagy. "FACTORS OF PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT IN RELATION TO CHILDREN’S BEHAVIORAL SYMPTOMS." Különleges Bánásmód - Interdiszciplináris folyóirat 3, no. 1 (March 30, 2017): 7–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18458/kb.2017.1.7.

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In our study, the features of contact between parents and teachers and the particular patterns they take were examined in connection with children’s behavioral symptoms. With cluster analysis, seven clearly analyzable patterns of contact were identified, the two most frequent of which (unifacial and formal) do not favor problem solving, nor provide parental satisfaction. Two patterns (flexible and adaptive) proved to be the most satisfying and the most effective. Children’s symptoms (social problems, anxiety, somatization, attention deficit, deviant behavior, aggressivity) are significantly related to the quality of parent-teacher contact. In the case of the less favorable and less effective contact forms, parents report more behavioral symptoms, while in the case of the flexible, adaptive, emotionally satisfying, and effective problem-solving contact forms, there are fewer symptoms. These results draw attention to important tasks on many levels: to work out operable patterns of parent-teacher contact, to better understand the role and tasks of teacher training, and the need to involve experts to assist in developing parent-teacher contact, which is also indispensable in terms of helping and developing children and their mental health.

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Ainsworth, Frank, and Patricia Hansen. "Understanding the Behaviour of Children in Care before and after Parental Contact." Children Australia 42, no. 1 (February 9, 2017): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2016.50.

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It is not uncommon to hear foster carers and child protection case workers comment about a child's behaviour both before and after parental contact. Frequently these comments are negative, the view being expressed that contact should be reduced because the children get upset at seeing their parents for a limited time, and then at having to separate from them. The child's resultant distress seems too difficult to manage for foster carers. Some foster parents even go so far as to suggest that parental contact should completely cease. This article sets out the rationale for parent–child contact after a Children's Court has ruled that there is “no realistic possibility of restoration” of a child to parental care. In doing so, the article revisits many of the old arguments put forward for reducing parent contact. However, alternative ways of approaching children's difficult behaviours both pre- and post-contact are also proposed to suggest different ways of managing these behaviours. The legislation and child protection practice in New South Wales provides the frame of reference for this article.

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Cleary, Gerard M., Susan S. Spinner, Eric Gibson, and Jay S. Greenspan. "Skin-to-skin parental contact with fragile preterm infants." Journal of the American Osteopathic Association 97, no. 8 (August 1, 1997): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.7556/jaoa.1997.97.8.457.

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Apfelbacher, Christian Joachim, Markus Ollert, Johannes Ring, Heidrun Behrendt, and Ursula Krämer. "Contact to cat or dog, allergies and parental education." Pediatric Allergy and Immunology 21, no. 2p1 (March 2010): 284–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.2009.00893.x.

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Symons, Katrien, Koen Ponnet, Kathleen Emmery, Michel Walrave, and Wannes Heirman. "Parental Knowledge of Adolescents’ Online Content and Contact Risks." Journal of Youth and Adolescence 46, no. 2 (November 5, 2016): 401–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10964-016-0599-7.

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Okutomi, Toshiki, Satoko Minakawa, Riku Hirota, Koko Katagiri, and Yuko Morikawa. "HIV Reactivation in Latently Infected Cells with Virological Synapse-Like Cell Contact." Viruses 12, no. 4 (April 8, 2020): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12040417.

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HIV reactivation from latency is induced by cytokines but also by cell contact with other cells. To better understand this, J1.1 cells, a latent HIV-1-infected Jurkat derivative, were cocultured with its parental Jurkat. J1.1 cells became p17MA-positive and produced a high level of HIV p24CA antigen, only when they were cocultured with stimulated Jurkat with cell-to-cell contact. In contrast, very little p24CA was produced when they were cocultured without cell contact. Similar results were obtained when latent ACH-2 and its parental A3.01 cells were cocultured. Confocal microscopy revealed that not only HIV-1 p17MA and gp120Env but also LFA-1, CD81, CD59, and TCR CD3 accumulated at the cell contact site, suggesting formation of the virological synapse-like structure. LFA-1–ICAM-1 interaction was involved in the cell-to-cell contact. When J1.1 was cocultured with TCR-deficient Jurkat, the p17MA-positive rate was significantly lower, although the cell-to-cell contact was not impaired. Quantitative proteomics identified 54 membrane molecules, one of which was MHC class I, that accumulated at the cell contact site. Reactivation from latency was also influenced by the presence of stromal cells. Our study indicated that latent HIV-1 in J1.1/ACH-2 cells was efficiently reactivated by cell-to-cell contact with stimulated parental cells, accompanying the virological synapse-like structure.

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Fergusson, D. M., L. J. Horwood, and M. T. Lynskey. "Ethnicity and Bias in Police Contact Statistics." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 26, no. 3 (December 1993): 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000486589302600302.

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The relationships between ethnicity, self/parentally reported offending and rates of police contact were examined in a birth cohort of Christchurch (New Zealand) born children studied to the age of 15 years. This analysis suggested that whilst children of Maori/Pacific Island descent offended at a significantly higher rate than European (Pakeha) children, there were clear differences in the magnitude of ethnic differentials in offending depending on the way in which offending was measured. On the basis of self/parentally reported offending, children of Maori/Pacific Island descent offended at about 1.7 times the rate of Pakeha children. However, on the basis of police contact statistics these children were 2.9 times more likely to come to police attention than Pakeha children. These differences between self/parentally reported offending rates and rates of police contact could not be explained by the fact that Maori/Pacific Island children offended more often or committed different types of offences than Pakeha children. Logistic modelling of the data suggested that children of Maori/Pacific Island descent were in the region of 2.4 times more likely to come to official police attention than Pakeha children with an identical self/parental reported history of offending. These results are generally consistent with the hypothesis that official police contact statistics contain a bias which exaggerates the differences in the rate of offending by children of Maori/Pacific Island descent and Pakeha children.

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Jadach, Katarzyna, and Magdalena Sadowska. "Psychologiczne i prawne aspekty kontaktów osadzonych ojców z dziećmi." Nowa Kodyfikacja Prawa Karnego 53 (February 1, 2020): 109–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-5065.53.7.

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Psychological and legal aspects of contacts between incarcerated fathers and their childrenThe institution of parent–child contact is a parental right, characterized by a variety of forms of its implementation. It is to be, in addition to constitutional provisions, a normative guarantee for the protection of family ties and family life, regardless of the nature of the relationship between the child’s parents, their parental attributes, and their place of residence. One of the circumstances that can affect the quality of contacts in a special way is the fact that a parent is detained in prison. Therefore, the question arises as to the shape of the provisions of the executive criminal law and the actual activities undertaken in the penitentiary, aimed at protecting such family relations.

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Zajączkowska, Joanna. "Legal aspects of parent – child contact problems in Poland." Prawo w Działaniu 32 (2017): 98–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.32041/pwd.3207.

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The article presents an analysis of provisions concerning contacts with children, which are relatively new regulation in Polish family law. The first part of article describes the most important legal aspects. The theoretical considerations are an attempt to determine the legal nature of contacts, showing that they are primarily of a family law nature, despite the right and obligation introduced by the legislator. This construction, despite the fact that it may seem as approaching the contractual nature, is essentially a family-legal relationship; the sanction and the claim related to the right of contact are also of this nature. Moreover, the parent-child contact has a natural legal character, resulting from the parental and personal relationship. In addition, the most important postulates indicate the introduction to the Polish family law the missing suspension of contacts, which have a neutral character. The third part of the article presents the most important problems related to exercising the right to contact and proposals to overcome them on the basis of existing provisions, which makes the considerations also practical for maintaining contact with the child.

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Bastaits, Kim, Dimitri Mortelmans, and Inge Pasteels. "Sporen van ouderverstoting in het SiV‐onderzoek." Relaties en Nieuwe Gezinnen 6, no. 3 (September 30, 2016): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/reng.v6i3.18261.

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Inzicht in ouders en kinderen die geen contact meer hebben na scheiding blijft onderbelicht in het huidige familieonderzoek. Een erg specifieke vorm van een gebrek aan contact is ouderverstoting. Hoewel enkele studies dit thema al belicht hebben, blijft dit onderzoek schaars en kent het methodologisch beperkingen. Met deze studie willen we dan ook bijdragen aan onderzoek naar ouderverstoting en vertrekken we vanuit de grootschalige multi‐actorstudie ‘Scheiding in Vlaanderen – SiV’. Twee onderzoeksvragen worden beantwoord: (1) “Wat is de prevalentie van het vermoeden van ouderverstoting na scheiding in Vlaanderen?” en (2) “Hangt het vermoeden van ouderverstoting samen met een specifiek scheidingsproces?”.Daartoe analyseren we gegevens van zowel ouders (n = 1172) als kinderen (n = 499). Als eerste worden bivariate analyses uitgevoerd om de prevalentie van een vermoeden van ouderverstoting na te gaan bij zowel ouders als kinderen. Daarna wordt een multiple correspondentie‐analyse gebruikt om inzicht te verwerven in de eventuele samenhang van een vermoeden van ouderverstoting met het scheidingsproces. Hoewel een vermoeden van ouderverstoting niet vaak voorkomt, rapporteren zowel ouders als kinderen dat dit vaker voorkomt bij vaders dan bij moeders. Kinderen rapporteren wel hogere percentages dan ouders. Daarnaast blijkt ook dat een vermoeden van ouderverstoting vaker voorkomt bij een problematisch scheidingsproces. Abstract : Previous research on parent‐child relationships after divorce mainly concentrated on parents and children who still have contact. Nevertheless, few studies have focused on the non‐contact between parents (mostly fathers) and children after divorce. A very specific form of non‐contact is parental alienation, on which research is very scarce and limited to small samples. So, with this study, we will investigate parental alienation after divorce for a large, multi‐actor sample from the “Divorce in Flanders”‐project. Two research questions will be answered: (1) “What is the prevalence of parental alienation towards mothers as well as towards fathers after divorce?” & (2) “How are characteristics of the divorce process related to parental alienation?”. We integrate two perspectives in this paper by analyzing a parent‐dataset (n = 1172) as well as a child‐dataset (n= 499). First, we establish the prevalence of parental alienation with bivariate analyses. Second, multiple correspondence analyses are used to gain insight in the association between the divorce process and parental alienation. Results indicate that parental alienation affects a small group of families and father alienation is more common than mother alienation. Moreover child reports are higher than parent reports. Regarding the association between parental alienation and the divorce process, it is found that parental alienation is more common amongst problematic divorce processes.

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Kuo, Hsin-Hung, Yashbir Singh, Min Chun Lee, and Wei-Chih Hu. "Development and Evaluation of Neonate Physiological Index at Parental Contact." American Journal of Biomedical Research 5, no. 3 (November 17, 2017): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.12691/ajbr-5-3-5.

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Kiraly, Meredith, and Cathy Humphreys. "A tangled web: parental contact with children in kinship care." Child & Family Social Work 20, no. 1 (January 11, 2013): 106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cfs.12060.

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Jappens, Maaike, and Jan Van Bavel. "Parental Divorce, Residence Arrangements, and Contact Between Grandchildren and Grandparents." Journal of Marriage and Family 78, no. 2 (December 29, 2015): 451–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12275.

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Boat, Barbara W., and Sarah B. Forman. "Consider the Source: A Commentary on Incest and Parental Contact." Journal of Child Sexual Abuse 17, no. 1 (April 4, 2008): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10538710701884292.

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Lang, Alan R., William R. Meadows, and William E. Pelham. "Parental intoxication and use of physical contact with problem children." Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 36, no. 2 (June 1990): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(90)90519-n.

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Mack, Kristin Y. "The Effects of Early Parental Death on Sibling Relationships in Later Life." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 49, no. 2 (October 2004): 131–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/btuq-011v-anew-v7rt.

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The present study draws on elements of kinship and life course perspectives to examine the influence of parental death during childhood on adult sibling contact and closeness. Using data from the National Survey of Families and Households ( N = 3,684), comparisons are made between adults who experienced early parental death and those with no history of childhood family disruptions, and between adults who experienced early maternal death and those who experienced paternal death during childhood. Results from Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression analyses indicate that adults who experienced parental death during childhood do not have more sibling contact, but are closer to their siblings in adulthood than adults who grew up in intact families. In addition, adults who experienced maternal death during childhood have less sibling contact than adults who experienced paternal death, but there are not differences between these two groups in terms of closeness. These findings indicate that it is important to assess the long-term impact of early parental death on adult outcomes and that gender of the deceased parent may have more significant implications for some dimensions of adult sibling relationships than others.

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Kwok, Kin On, Ben Cowling, Vivian Wei, Steven Riley, and Jonathan M. Read. "Temporal variation of human encounters and the number of locations in which they occur: a longitudinal study of Hong Kong residents." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 15, no. 138 (January 2018): 20170838. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2017.0838.

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Patterns of social contact between individuals are important for the transmission of many pathogens and shaping patterns of immunity at the population scale. To refine our understanding of how human social behaviour may change over time, we conducted a longitudinal study of Hong Kong residents. We recorded the social contact patterns for 1450 individuals, up to four times each between May 2012 and September 2013. We found individuals made contact with an average of 12.5 people within 2.9 geographical locations, and spent an average estimated total duration of 9.1 h in contact with others during a day. Distributions of the number of contacts and locations in which contacts were made were not significantly different between study waves. Encounters were assortative by age, and the age mixing pattern was broadly consistent across study waves. Fitting regression models, we examined the association of contact rates (number of contacts, total duration of contact, number of locations) with covariates and calculated the inter- and intra-participant variation in contact rates. Participant age was significantly associated with the number of contacts made, the total duration of contact and the number of locations in which contact occurred, with children and parental-age adults having the highest rates of contact. The number of contacts and contact duration increased with the number of contact locations. Intra-individual variation in contact rate was consistently greater than inter-individual variation. Despite substantial individual-level variation, remarkable consistency was observed in contact mixing at the population scale. This suggests that aggregate measures of mixing behaviour derived from cross-sectional information may be appropriate for population-scale modelling purposes, and that if more detailed models of social interactions are required for improved public health modelling, further studies are needed to understand the social processes driving intra-individual variation.

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Chai, Hye Won, Steven H. Zarit, and Karen L. Fingerman. "Revisiting Intergenerational Contact and Relationship Quality in Later Life: Parental Characteristics Matter." Research on Aging 42, no. 5-6 (January 21, 2020): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0164027519899576.

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Contact and relationship quality between adult children and aging parents are two widely used indicators of intergenerational solidarity and are often assumed to be positively correlated. However, the association between the two may depend on characteristics of the parent involved. Using Family Exchanges Study Wave 1, this study assessed whether parental difficulties—measured as functional limitations and life problems—and gender moderated the associations between middle-aged adults’ contact and relationship quality with their parents. We found that more frequent email or phone contact was associated with worse relationship quality for fathers who had functional limitations. For life problems, however, more contact was not related to relationship quality for fathers with life problems. The associations did not differ by mother’s difficulties. These results suggest that frequent contact between middle-aged adult children and aging parents does not uniformly reflect better relationship quality but rather depends on parents’ characteristics.

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Young, Natalie A. E. "Getting the Teacher’s Attention: Parent-Teacher Contact and Teachers’ Behavior in the Classroom." Social Forces 99, no. 2 (January 21, 2020): 560–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sf/soz177.

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Abstract Studies suggest that both parental involvement and support from teachers matter for students’ academic success. Although cross-national research has revealed numerous ways in which parents shape the schooling process, less clear is whether parental involvement at school can influence teachers’ daily behavior toward students in class. In this study, I draw on data from the China Education Panel Survey (CEPS)—a nationally representative survey of Chinese middle-school students with unusually detailed information on parental involvement and teachers’ daily behaviors—to test a conceptual model that proposes a link between parent-teacher contact in China and attention students receive from teachers during daily lessons. In support of the conceptual model, I find that students whose parents cultivate relationships with teachers through frequent contact are more likely to be cold-called on and praised by teachers in class, even after controlling for family background, student academic performance, and student behavior. Moreover, I observe social class differences in parent-teacher contact, as well as some evidence that parent-teacher contact is linked to improved student performance through its impact on teachers’ attention. Overall, the findings point to a potential new pathway through which social class influences schooling by way of school-based parental involvement and in a broader set of contexts than previously imagined. I conclude with a discussion of implications for social reproduction theory, as well as challenges this situation presents for combatting educational inequality.

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Rotimi, Oloruntobi, Gu-Yun Paul Jung, Juling Ong, N. U. Owase Jeelani, David J. Dunaway, and Greg James. "Sporting activity after craniosynostosis surgery in children: a source of parental anxiety." Child's Nervous System 37, no. 1 (June 11, 2020): 287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00381-020-04723-2.

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Abstract Purpose Craniosynostosis correction involves major skull surgery in infancy—a potential source of worry for parents when their treated children begin involvement in sports. Methods Electronic multiple choice survey of parents of children who had undergone craniosynostosis surgery in infancy using 5-point Likert scales. Results Fifty-nine completed surveys were obtained from parents of children who had undergone previous craniosynostosis surgery. Mean age of children was 7.8 years (range 3 months to 22 years), with 36 non-syndromic and 23 syndromic cases. The most common surgery was fronto-orbital remodelling (18). Fifty-two of 59 were involved in athletic activity. The most intense sport type was non-contact in 23, light contact in 20, heavy contact in 4 and combat in 5. Participation level was school mandatory in 12, school club in 17, non-school sport club in 21 and regional representative in 2. One child had been advised to avoid sport by an external physician. Mean anxiety (1–5 Likert) increased with sport intensity: non-contact 1.7, light contact 2.2, heavy contact 3.5 and combat 3.6. Twenty-nine of 59 parents had been given specific advice by the Craniofacial Team regarding athletic activity, 28 of which found useful. Three sport-related head injuries were reported, none of which required hospitalisation. Conclusion Little information exists regarding sports for children after craniosynostosis surgery. This study suggests that parental anxiety remains high, particularly for high impact/combat sports, and that parents would like more information from clinicians about the safety of post-operative sporting activities.

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Swiss, Liam, and Céline Le Bourdais. "Father—Child Contact After Separation." Journal of Family Issues 30, no. 5 (February 5, 2009): 623–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x08331023.

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Following divorce or separation, father—child contact is deemed an important influence on child development. Previous research has explored the impact of sociodemographic and attitudinal factors on the amount of contact between fathers and their children following a union dissolution. This article revisits this important question using fathers' reports on a sample of 859 children from newly available survey data. Multilevel random intercept models are used to reassess the influence of child- and father-level factors on the amount of reported contact. Results show that the amount of father—child contact following separation is the product of several factors such as the father's income, conjugal/parental trajectory, and level of satisfaction with existing arrangements.

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Vittner, D., S. Butler, K. Smith, N. Makris, H. Samra, and J. McGrath. "Skin-to-Skin Contact Activates Oxytocin Release and Correlates to Parent Engagement." Developmental Observer 12, no. 1 (September 20, 2019): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14434/do.v12i1.27842.

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Over 15 million premature infants are born annually around the world. It has been optimistically yet incorrectly proposed, that healthy preterm infants without major complications eventually catch-up developmentally to term infants. Research shows these preterm infants remain increasingly disadvantaged on many neurodevelopmental outcomes. Parental touch, especially during skin-to-skin contact (SSC) has the potential to reduce the adverse consequences of prematurity. SSC is an evidenced based strategy that increases parental proximity and provides an interactive environment known to enhance infant physiologic stability and aﬀective closeness between parent and infant. Evidence suggests SSC activates oxytocin release in mothers, fathers and infants.

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Beckmeyer, Jonathon J., Melinda Stafford Markham, and Jessica Troilo. "Postdivorce Coparenting Relationships and Parent–Youth Relationships: Are Repartnership and Parent–Youth Contact Moderators?" Journal of Family Issues 40, no. 5 (December 26, 2018): 613–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x18821395.

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Using data from 392 divorced mothers and fathers, living in the United States, with a child between 10 and 18 years old, we first identified three types of postdivorce coparenting relationships ( cooperative, moderately engaged, and conflictual and disengaged) based on coparenting communication, cooperation, and conflict. We then tested if three aspects of parent–youth relationships differed between those groups. Parental warmth and support, parental knowledge, and inconsistent discipline did not differ based on the type of postdivorce coparenting relationship participants had with their ex-spouses. Finally, we tested if repartnership (i.e., being remarried or cohabiting with a new partner) or parent–youth contact moderated the associations between postdivorce coparenting and parent–youth relationships. There was one significant moderation effect. When parent–youth contact was monthly or less, parental knowledge appears lower in the conflictual and disengaged cluster compared with the other two clusters.

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Fingerman, Karen L., Yen-Pi Cheng, Kyungmin Kim, Helene H. Fung, Gyounghae Han, Frieder R. Lang, Wonkyung Lee, and Jenny Wagner. "Parental Involvement With College Students in Germany, Hong Kong, Korea, and the United States." Journal of Family Issues 37, no. 10 (July 3, 2014): 1384–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x14541444.

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Rates of college attendance have increased throughout the world. This study asked whether students across nations experience high involvement with parents (frequent contact and support) and how satisfied they are with parental involvement. College students from four major Western and Asian economies participated—Germany ( n = 458), Hong Kong ( n = 276), Korea ( n = 257), and the United States ( n = 310). Consistent with solidarity theory, students across nations reported frequent contact with parents and receiving several forms of social support (e.g., practical, emotional, and advice) every month. Multilevel models revealed that Asian students received more frequent parental support than German or U.S. students but were less satisfied with that support. Students in Hong Kong resided with parents more often and gave more support to parents than students in other cultures. Discussion focuses on cultural (i.e., filial obligation) and structural (i.e., coresidence) factors explaining parental involvement.

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Warner, Cody, and Brianna Remster. "Criminal Justice Contact, Residential Independence, and Returns to the Parental Home." Journal of Marriage and Family 83, no. 2 (January 20, 2021): 322–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12753.

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Anonymous. "Incest and Parental Contact: A Psychologist's Personal Case and Literature Review." Journal of Child Sexual Abuse 17, no. 1 (April 4, 2008): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10538710701884276.

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Kamarudin @ Abdul Shukor, Akbar. "Child Custody after Divorce Laws in Malaysia: Muslim Parents and Children Perspective." Journal of Contemporary Islamic Studies 8, no. 2 (November 1, 2022): 11–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jcis.v8i2.2.

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Child custody after divorce laws in Malaysia advocates sole custody as the main practice. Sole custody means the child will live with a parent and have contact with the other parent through access. The parent living with the child will also have parental responsibility. Social studies have suggested that sole custody generates problems that affect the best interests of the child. Some problems are lack of contact and the child being deprived of maintenance. Other countries have undergone legal reforms to better the situation through joint custody. Joint custody advocates sharing the child's residence and parental responsibility. Therefore, this article examines the experiences the selected Muslim parents and children faced regarding child custody. The experiences concern the legal process of divorce, child custody, the residence of the child and access, parental responsibility, and parental relationships. An important finding is the general recognition of joint custody by the Shari'ah courts, the parents, and the children. However, the recognition must be in line with the best interests of the child.

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Yousif, Tayseer, Ayman Saleh, and Ata Maaz. "LINC-43. FACTORS LEADING TO DIAGNOSTIC DELAY FOR CHILDREN WITH PRIMARY TUMORS OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) IN QATAR." Neuro-Oncology 22, Supplement_3 (December 1, 2020): iii386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaa222.476.

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Abstract INTRODUCTION Median time to diagnosis for primary CNS tumors for children in Qatar has been reported to be 28 days. However, a wide variation in diagnostic times is seen. This study was undertaken to analyze the factors leading to delay in diagnosis. METHODS Data were retrospectively analyzed for children who had diagnostic delay (more than 28 days) from September 2006 to February 2020. Presenting symptoms, number and type of healthcare contacts and presenting symptom interval (PSI) were reviewed. Parental delay (PSI-1) was defined as the date of onset of first symptom to the date of first healthcare contact. Healthcare delay (PSI-2) was defined as date of first healthcare contact to the date of diagnostic scan. RESULTS Twenty-four patients were identified with diagnostic delay. Median age at diagnosis was 48.2 (range 5.4–171.6) months with an equal sex distribution. Fifteen (62.5%) patients were older than 3 years, 13(54%) patients had low grade glioma, 16 (66.7%) had supratentorial tumors and 12 (50%) presented with raised intracranial pressure. Diagnosis was made after a median 3 (range 1–8) healthcare contacts. Nineteen (79%) patients presented to primary care. Median PSI was 132 (31–783) days. Parental delay (PSI-1) was 35 (0–496) days, while healthcare delay (PSI-2) was 41 (0–562) days. Endocrine (241 days) and oculo-visual (184 days) symptoms were associated with the longest PSI. CONCLUSIONS There was no significant difference between parental and healthcare delay. Endocrine and oculo-visual symptoms were associated with longest PSI. Increased awareness is required for early recognition of signs suggestive of CNS tumors.

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Bagci, Sabahat C., Lindsey Cameron, Rhiannon N. Turner, Catarina Morais, Afiya Carby, Mirina Ndhlovu, and Anaise Leney. "Cross-ethnic friendship self-efficacy: A new predictor of cross-ethnic friendships among children." Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 23, no. 7 (October 23, 2019): 1049–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430219879219.

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Across two studies ( NStudy 1 = 101; NStudy 2 = 262) conducted among children in the UK, we incorporate Bandura’s (1986) self-efficacy theory to intergroup contact literature and introduce the new construct of cross-ethnic friendship self-efficacy (CEFSE), the belief that one can successfully form and maintain high-quality cross-ethnic friendships. Study 1 examined whether sources of CEFSE beliefs (prior contact, indirect contact, social norms, and intergroup anxiety) predicted higher quality cross-ethnic friendships through CEFSE. Study 2 replicated Study 1 and extended it by including perceived parental cross-ethnic friendship quality as a further predictor. In both studies, sources of self-efficacy beliefs (except social norms) were related to CEFSE, which predicted higher quality cross-ethnic friendships. Study 2 demonstrated that parental cross-ethnic friendships had direct and indirect associations with children’s cross-ethnic friendships through sources of CEFSE and CEFSE beliefs. Findings are discussed in the light of self-efficacy and intergroup contact theories.

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Rodríguez-Ordóñez, Itxaso. "Stylistic Variation and the Role of Dialect Contact in the leísmo of Basque-Spanish." Studies in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics 14, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 81–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/shll-2021-2041.

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Abstract There is considerable debate with respect to the status of Basque-Spanish leísmo as a contact phenomenon. To address this conundrum, the present study adds another variable, dialect contact and examines the synchronic variation of Basque-Spanish leísmo among educated young speakers, paying special attention to possible stylistic effects. The speech of 41 Basque-Spanish speakers was gathered by means of sociolinguistic interviews and an elicited production task. Participants were stratified by region: 22 speakers were recruited from Gernika where contact with Basque has been intense and compared to 19 speakers from the Greater Bilbao Area where the contact with Basque is less strong. Dialect contact was operationalized through parental input (Basque Country vs. Monolingual Spain). Results indicate that leísmo is quite extended in the Spanish of the Basque Country and mainly driven by animacy. Basque-Spanish leísmo is also subject to stylistic effects, whereby animacy and grammatical gender effects were found, suggesting that Basque-Spanish speakers alternate between two systems depending on speech formality. Finally, results indicate that parental origin had an effect in Bilbao, but not in Gernika. I situate these results within a discussion of previous work on dialect contact.

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Clapton, Gary, Jennifer Simpson, and Catriona Grant. "Contact between children absent in state care and their families: The parents’ perspective." Adoption & Fostering 46, no. 4 (December 2022): 365–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03085759221138107.

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This paper reports on survey work and group discussion by a Scottish parent-led support group (Parents Advocacy and Rights – PAR) that supports parents with children in the care system. A previous paper has been published discussing an overview of the survey results ( www.pfan.uk/uncovering-the-pain/ ). The present paper delves further into parents’ particular experiences of contact. The responses are preceded by a critical retrospective of the concept of contact. Our retrospective covers the language of contact, contact’s origins, continuing confusions of meaning and the lack of appreciation of the parental experience and points to the artificiality of contact, the impracticalities of contact arrangements and the toll taken by these. We conclude by pointing out that we are in the fourth decade of recommendations about contact between parents and children in state care. We make the observations that there is a continuing failure to empathise with parents’ experience of deprivation and loss, a lack of comprehension of the depth of detriment to parental identity caused by the process and practices of contact and avoidance of discussion of the damage to the parent–child relationship which, irrespective of the ultimate destination of a child in state care, cannot be obliterated.

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Hall, Clinton, Johnni Hansen, Jørn Olsen, Di He, Ondine S. von Ehrenstein, Beate Ritz, and Julia E. Heck. "Parental occupation and childhood germ cell tumors: a case–control study in Denmark, 1968–2016." Cancer Causes & Control 32, no. 8 (April 28, 2021): 827–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10552-021-01434-0.

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Abstract Purpose To examine associations between parental occupation and childhood germ cell tumors (GCTs) in offspring while distinguishing by common histologic subtype (i.e., yolk sac tumor and teratoma). Methods This population-based case–control study included childhood GCT cases in Denmark diagnosed 1968–2015 (< 16 years old at diagnosis) and sex and birth year-matched controls. Demographic information and parental employment histories were obtained from Danish registries. Parental occupation was assessed by industry; job-exposure matrices were used to examine specific occupational exposures (i.e., potentially carcinogenic organic solvents and social contact). Conditional multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Overall, 178 childhood GCT cases (50 yolk sac tumors; 65 teratomas) and 4,355 controls were included for analysis. Maternal employment in education during pregnancy was associated with offspring GCTs (OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.23–4.90), especially yolk sac tumors (OR 5.27, 95% CI 1.94–14.28). High levels of both maternal and paternal occupational social contact were also associated with offspring yolk sac tumors across all exposure periods (ORs 2.30–4.63). No signals were observed for paternal occupational solvent exposure, while imprecise associations were estimated for maternal exposure (e.g., dichloromethane exposure during pregnancy, OR 1.51, 95% CI 0.77–2.95). Conclusion Our findings suggest that parental occupation is associated with offspring GCTs, with most consistent evidence supporting an association between maternal employment in education or other high social contact jobs and offspring yolk sac tumors.

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Zhao, Yufeng, Dianxi Wang, and Feilun Du. "The Moderating Effect of Contact with Children on the Relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Depression in Adulthood among a Chinese Adult Population." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15 (July 22, 2022): 8901. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19158901.

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The effect of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on depression in adulthood has been identified in many studies; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To understand the moderating effect of ACEs on depression, a moderation analysis using the interaction effect model was performed based on data obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. This study found that people with ACEs had significantly lower depression scores than those without ACEs, particularly in categories such as physical abuse, emotional neglect, sibling death, parental illness/disability, parental depression, hunger, violence, and bullying. In addition, the results indicated that contact with children moderated the relationship between ACEs and depression in adulthood. Increased levels of contact with children reduced the adverse effects of parental drug abuse and the experience of starvation, but not physical abuse. This study highlights the role of family support in eliminating health disparities, which can reduce the effects of ACEs on depression in adulthood.

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Lutkevich-Rucinska, A. "LEGAL RELATIONS BETWEEN PARENTS AND CHILDREN IN POLISH FAMILY LAW (SELECTED ISSUES)." Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)), no. 1 (April 7, 2021): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2021.77.1.101-111.

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The paper deals with selected issues of Polish family law, concerning legal relations between parents and children. The Author presents basic provisions which refer to parental authority over the child, indicating in particular components of parental authority, the statutory directives determining the manner of it’s exercise and the legal grounds for limitation, deprivation or suspension of parental authority by a court judgment. In the paper the Author also presents the most important issues relating to legal regulations of contact of parents with the child and mutual maintenance obligations between parents and children.

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Delfabbro, Paul H., James G. Barber, and Lesley Cooper. "Placement disruption and dislocation in South Australian substitute care." Children Australia 25, no. 2 (2000): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200009676.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the degree of disruption experienced by 235 children aged 4–17 years placed into substitute care in South Australia during 1998–1999. Key measures of disruption included: the frequency of placement changes, the number of children forced to change school, the geographical distance from birth families, and the amount of planned contact between children and families during the placement. Parental contact was reduced when children were victims of abuse, but more likely when children were placed because of parental incapacity. Changes in school were more likely when children were older or were placed a long way from their families. Geographical dislocation was, as expected, more likely to be a feature of rural placements, although there were no rural-metropolitan differences in the nature and frequency of family contact. The implications of these findings for future research are discussed.

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Martin, Jamie S., and Shannon Womer Phaneuf. "Family Visitation and Its Relationship to Parental Stress Among Jailed Fathers." Prison Journal 98, no. 6 (November 15, 2018): 738–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032885518812107.

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This study explores the relationship between jail visitation with children and levels of parental stress among a sample of jailed fathers. Quantitative analyses of the self-report data reveal that jailed fathers experienced stress related to parenthood regardless of whether they had visits from their family. However, the type of stress varied, with fathers who had family visits reporting stress directly related to the visitation, while fathers who did not have visits noted more generalized parental stress. The findings provide insight into the type and quality of incarcerated fathers’ contact with their children and factors that influence the number of visits they receive. The negative impact of the lack of contact visits is also discussed.

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Ainsworth, Frank, and Patricia Hansen. "Understanding Difficult Parental Behaviours During a Child Protection Investigation." Children Australia 40, no. 1 (March 2015): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2014.45.

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When child protection caseworkers make first contact with the parents of a child (or children) who is suspected of being at ‘significant risk of harm’ they may encounter a range of hostile, angry and aggressive verbal responses from parents. If this contact results in a child being removed from parental care, it is not unknown for these responses to escalate into attempts at verbal intimidation and loud threats of personal violence. These behaviours then get recorded in case files and in materials submitted to the Children's Court to support the case for permanent removal of a child from parental care; these behaviours being presented as evidence of the parents’ unsuitability and unwillingness to comply with demands for changes in their child rearing practices. But how should child protection caseworkers view these less-than-helpful parental responses, and how should they, in turn, respond? This article explores this issue and offers a number of ways of understanding these behaviours, and canvasses new ways for caseworkers to respond when these behaviours occur.

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Prudom, Shelley L., Carrie Ann Broz, Nancy Schultz-Darken, Craig T. Ferris, Charles Snowdon, and Toni Elaine Ziegler. "Exposure to infant scent lowers serum testosterone in father common marmosets ( Callithrix jacchus )." Biology Letters 4, no. 6 (August 26, 2008): 603–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2008.0358.

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Common marmoset ( Callithrix jacchus ) males are bi-parental non-human primates that show extensive paternal behaviour. Fathers are in direct sensory contact with their infants during the natal period. We found that fathers exposed to isolated scents of their infant displayed a significant drop in serum testosterone levels within 20 min after exposure, whereas parentally naive males did not. These data suggest that infant's scent may have a causal role in regulating paternal testosterone in their fathers. This is the first study to demonstrate that olfactory cues have an acute effect on paternal care.

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Jappens, Maaike, and Jan Van Bavel. "Contact tussen kleinkinderen en grootouders na echtscheiding." Relaties en Nieuwe Gezinnen 2, no. 6 (June 3, 2012): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/reng.v2i6.18132.

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Grootouders spelen vaak een belangrijke rol in het leven van hun kleinkinderen. Na echtscheiding komen echter heel wat familierelaties mogelijk onder druk te staan. Dit artikel onderzoekt het verband tussen echtscheiding van ouders en contacten tussen kleinkinderen en grootouders. We baseren ons hiervoor op de antwoorden van meer dan 1000 kinderen tussen 10 en 25 jaar en hun moeder of vader in de survey ‘Scheiding in Vlaanderen’. Resultaten tonen dat, in vergelijking met kinderen waarvan de ouders nog gehuwd zijn, kinderen met gescheiden ouders hun grootouders, vooral die van vaderskant, minder frequent zien. Sommigen verliezen zelfs alle contact. De verblijfsregeling van kinderen blijkt een belangrijke rol te spelen: naarmate kinderen een groter of kleiner gedeelte van de tijd bij vader respectievelijk moeder wonen, zien zij ook de grootouders langs die kant meer of minder. Abstract : Grandparents play an important role in the lives of children, also when the parents of the grandchildren divorce. Rising divorce rates however raise concerns about the impact on family ties. Based on data from more than 1000 children between 10 and 25 years old and their parents participating in the survey “Divorce in Flanders”, this article investigates the association between a parental divorce and contacts between children and their grandparents. Results show that, compared to children whose parents are still married, children of divorced parents have less frequent contact with their grandparents, and especially paternal grandparents. In some cases all contact gets lost. The living arrangement of grandchildren seems to be decisive in this matter.

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Russell, Meredith Jones. "Coping alone." Nursery World 2022, no. 7 (July 2, 2022): 32–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/nuwa.2022.7.32.

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Sorokoumova, E., E. Mamonova, O. Suvorova, and S. Sorokoumova. "Peculiarities of parental attitudes of young mothers with various parental experience." Pedagogy and Psychology of Education, no. 3, 2019 (2019): 152–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31862/2500-297x-2019-3-152-166.

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The concepts of motherhood and parenthood are considered from the point of view of parental functions. A study was conducted of the parental attitudes of young mothers aged 20 to 35 y.o., who have the only child or a second child not older than 3. Among the 60 participants surveyed: 30 young mothers with one child and 30 mothers with parenting experience. The results of the study showed that the experience of parenting affects the attitude to family roles and to the child. The analysis of the results of the study of parental attitudes made it possible to record a significant number of significant differences (“attitude to family roles” – t = 2.46; р = 0.003; “restriction to the role of a housewife” – t = 4.07; р = 0.04; “sacrifice of parents” – t = 3.81; р = 0.05; “emotional distance with the child” – t = 3.66; р = 0.03; “excessive concentration on the child” – t = 4.58; р = 0.05; “contact” – t = 2.62; р = 0.005; “cognitive needs” – t = 3.97; р = 0.001; “creativity” – t = 3.51; р = 0.0001). Young mothers with one child limit their interests to the family, which creates a sense of sacrifice and provokes family conflicts; with a child, such a mother is emotionally close and encourages their activity. Experienced mothers do not limit their interests to family boundaries, while being satisfied with family relationships, the attitude towards the child is more authoritarian, such mothers are not emotionally close to the child and are strict. That is, the experience of parenting has a mixed effect on parental attitudes. In the group of young mothers with one child, it is necessary to get rid of the feeling of self-sacrifice in the family, increase self-esteem, and also reduce excessive care for the child. In a group of young mothers with parenting experience, it is necessary to reduce the authoritarian influence on the child, irritability and severity.

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Ata, Abe W., and Klaus Baumann. "Social Distance and Intergroup Contact." Interreligious Studies and Intercultural Theology 6, no. 1 (July 15, 2022): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/isit.20520.

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The effects of intergroup contact in reducing prejudices have been well documented, but few studies have investigated the importance of the broader context within which contact occurs. This article examines the predictors of social distance from Muslims in a large sample of (non-Muslim) German university students (N = 404). Intergroup contact was an important predictor of reduced social distance even after demographics and perceptions of parents, tertiary institutions, media and broader intergroup dynamics were taken into account. The contact-social distance relationship was, however, mediated in part by perceived parental support for intergroup relations and perceived fairness of media representation. Students’ perceptions of broader group dynamics relating to assigning positive and negative attributes largely impeded the relationship – more so for male students than female. The findings attest to the importance of the broader context within which contact occurs. Having contact with outgroup members leads to reduced social distance from the outgroup, but perceived norms and outgroup perceptions play a pivotal role in explaining this relationship.

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Isaza, Natalia, Mariam Said, Mauricio Cabrera, and K. Rais-Bahrami. "Parental Stress before and after Skin-to-Skin Contact in the NICU." Pediatrics 137, Supplement 3 (February 2016): 246A. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.137.supplement_3.246a.

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Huefner, Jonathan C., Robert M. Pick, Gail L. Smith, Amy L. Stevens, and W. Alex Mason. "Parental Involvement in Residential Care: Distance, Frequency of Contact, and Youth Outcomes." Journal of Child and Family Studies 24, no. 5 (March 25, 2014): 1481–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10826-014-9953-0.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Parental contact'

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