Relevant bibliographies by topics / PARENTAL LABOR

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'PARENTAL LABOR'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "PARENTAL LABOR"

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AHMAD, MUHAMMAD HASNAYN, JIBRAN MOHSIN, HASSAN JAVED, Ghulam Mustafa, Asim Mumtaz Khan, and Shahid Mahmood. "CHILD LABOR." Professional Medical Journal 18, no. 04 (December 10, 2011): 635–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2011.18.04.2653.

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Background: Child Labor is any kind of work that harms or exploits the children in some way (physically, mentally, morally or blocking access to education). Child labor is quite common in Pakistan, and is still ignored; which depicts the society's attitudes towards child care. Child labor is an ethical dilemma and special attention must be given to this issue. Objective: To determine the factors responsible for child labor in Shadman Market Lahore. Study design: Descriptive, Cross sectional. Place and duration: Shadman Colony Lahore, July-August 2010. Methodology: Structured Pretested questionnaire was used to asses the factors responsible for child labor. Results: Large family size, low income per capita and parental illiteracy were shown to be responsible for child labor. Conclusion: Family size, income per capita and patrental education has a large scale effect on child labor.Key words:- Child labor, Family size, income per capita, parental education.
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WETHINGTON, ELAINE, and RONALD C. KESSLER. "Employment, Parental Responsibility, and Psychological Distress." Journal of Family Issues 10, no. 4 (December 1989): 527–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019251389010004006.

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This article uses panel data from 745 married women in the Detroit Metropolitan Area to examine the mental health effects of employment and parenting status changes. Contrary to popular belief, the transition to parenting is not directly related to increases in psychological distress. Changes in employment status, however, are. Women who significantly increase their labor force participation report lower levels of psychological distress over the study period, while women who significantly decrease their labor force participation report higher psychological distress. The effects of labor force changes on mental health are not all modified by parenting status or changes in parenting status. The transition to parenting and increased parenting responsibilities, however, are indirectly related to increased psychological distress insofar as they result in decreased labor force participation. The implications of these results are used to evaluate four competing perspectives on the relationship between roles, stress, and psychological functioning.
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Sajons, Christoph. "Birthright citizenship and parental labor market integration." Labour Economics 57 (April 2019): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2019.01.001.

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HAAS, LINDA. "Gender Equality and Social Policy." Journal of Family Issues 11, no. 4 (December 1990): 401–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019251390011004004.

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This article evaluates the effectiveness of parental leave as a social policy designed to eliminate the traditional, gender-based division of labor. It examines whether fathers' taking parental leave equalizes women's and men's involvement in the labor market and in child care once the leave is over. Results from a 1986 study of 319 sets of new parents in Gothenburg, Sweden were analyzed. Fathers who took parental leave were found to be more likely to be involved in child care and to reduce their involvement in the labor force. On the other hand, mothers retained primary responsibility for children and remained less involved and rewarded in the labor market, whether or not their partners participated in parental leave. Elimination of the gender-based division of labor may require social policies that simultaneously aim to improve women's labor market opportunities, raise girls' interests in occupational achievement, and increase men's participation in child care.
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Eckhoff Andresen, Martin, and Tarjei Havnes. "Child care, parental labor supply and tax revenue." Labour Economics 61 (December 2019): 101762. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2019.101762.

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Goodwin, Donna L., and Amanda Ebert. "Physical Activity for Disabled Youth: Hidden Parental Labor." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 35, no. 4 (October 1, 2018): 342–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.2017-0110.

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Locating suitable, inclusive community physical activity programs for disabled children can be challenging for parents. The aim of this study was to uncover everyday hidden labor experienced by parents, as they sought inclusive physical activity opportunities for their children. Focus group interviews with eight families of youth aged 13–19 years were completed using an interpretative phenomenological case study research approach. Four themes, interpreted through the framework of relational ethics, captured their experiences: (a) inclusion is immensely effortful; (b) judged by their impairments, not their possibilities; (c) ongoing education needed to open doors and sustain participation; and (d) the guilt of staying home. Reliance on hidden parental labor highlighted an exclusion agenda in community, accentuated by ableist belief systems.
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FOX, GREER LITTON, MARIE COLOMBO, WILLIAM F. CLEVENGER, and CELIA FERGUSON. "PARENTAL DIVISION OF LABOR IN ADOLESCENT SEXUAL SOCIALIZATION." Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 17, no. 3 (October 1988): 349–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089124188017003006.

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Witt, Judith LaBorde. "The Gendered Division of Labor in Parental Caretaking:." Journal of Women & Aging 6, no. 1-2 (May 10, 1994): 65–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j074v06n01_05.

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김정호. "Parental Leave and Female Labor Supply in Korea." KDI Journal of Economic Policy 34, no. 1 (March 2012): 169–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.23895/kdijep.2012.34.1.169.

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Rogers, Carol Ann, and Kenneth A. Swinnerton. "Does Child Labor Decrease When Parental Incomes Rise?" Journal of Political Economy 112, no. 4 (August 2004): 939–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/421175.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "PARENTAL LABOR"

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Chen, Chia-Le Joy. "Parental labor migration and children's educational progress in rural China." CONNECT TO ELECTRONIC THESIS, 2007. http://dspace.wrlc.org/handle/1961/4246.

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Gao, Qianyun. "Parental Bargaining and Gender Gap in Primary Education Expenditure." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1696.

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This paper examines the gender gap in human capital investment in India from the perspective of intra-household bargaining. I test whether the existing gender disparity in bargaining power, in the form of educational attainment of parents, contributes to the differences in educational expenditure between sons and daughters. As the proxy for bargaining power, fathers’ and mothers’ educational attainments both have a positive impact on the human capital investment for the children, but the gender gap widens with fathers’ education and narrows with mothers’. The results are robust controlling for additional variables such as age, number of siblings, household income, caste and location. These findings suggest that mothers may have a preference for daughters’ education. When their bargaining power rises, families tend to spend more equal amounts on the education of daughters and sons. Policies aiming at improving gender equality in education should take into account the decision-making process.
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Mostafavi, Dehzooei Mohammad Hadi. "Essays in Labor and Development Economics." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82718.

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This dissertation provides program evaluation and policy analysis evidence from USA and Iran. The first chapter studies the impact of paid leave legislation on women employment. We employ California’s first-in-the-nation Paid Family Leave program to draw inference using difference-in-differences and triple differences methods. The change in the employment outcomes for women before and after this program is compared to the change in similar outcomes for a set of control groups. We find that women’s employment increased in the intensive margin but not extensive margin. We also find that wages increased for married prime-age and decreased for highly educated young women. The second chapter provides evidence on the impact of a nation-wide unconditional cash transfer program in Iran on labor supply. As compensation for the removal of bread and energy subsidies in 2011, the government of Iran started monthly deposits of cash into individual family accounts amounting to 29% of the median household income. A popular outcry against the subsidy reform program has focused on the negative labor supply effects of the cash transfers on the poor. We use panel data to study the impact of these transfers on the labor supply of poor households and individuals during the first two years of the program, before inflation reduced their value. We use the exogenous variation in the value of the cash transfers relative to household income to estimate the impact of the transfers on labor supply of individuals using fixed effects method. We also use a difference-in-differences methodology using the variation in the time households first started receiving transfers. Although everyone was eligible to receive cash transfers starting January 2011, about 20 percent of the households who for one reason or another did not submit their application in time, started receiving it three months later. Neither set of results support the hypothesis that cash transfers reduced labor supply as measured by hours of work or probability of employment. The third chapter analyses what happens to the welfare of households and the budget of the government if it implements further price reforms in Iran. Five years into the reform, energy prices in Iran were still well below international levels. The impacts of a gradualist approach to price increase versus a one-off approach are simulated in this chapter. Under the gradualist approach government savings (reduction in foregone earnings) from selling subsidized items will increase by 20.2 trillion Rials or 0.18 percent of GDP in 2014. Half of these savings is needed as transfers to households to keep the poverty rate constant by paying each person 17,059 Rials per month. A one-off price increase would have a large effect on poverty and would require transfers equivalent to 203,775 Rials per person per month. Government savings after transfers would equal 96.4 trillion Rials or 0.87 percent of GDP.
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Olson, Toska. "The price of parenting : the effect of parental involvement on labor market mobility /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8881.

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Cusworth, Linda. "The impact of parental employment and unemployment on children and young people." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2007. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10317/.

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Over recent decades there have been dramatic changes in the employment patterns of men and women, with particularly significant increases in employment rates among mothers. Government policy has also increasingly given attention to encouraging parents, particularly lone mothers, into work, with a focus on paid work as a defence against poverty. These trends and policy changes affect the everyday lives of both parents and children, and give rise to questions about the potential impact that parental employment patterns have on children and young people. The main aim of this thesis was to investigate any relationships between patterns of parental employment and young people's educational and emotional well-being. Using data from the British Household Panel Survey and its associated Youth Panel, logistic regression techniques were used to assess the association between parental employment patterns and a number of outcomes. A forms of capital (Bourdieu, 1983) approach was adopted to contextualise and explain the relationships between parental employment patterns and outcomes for young people. The main conclusions are that parental employment and unemployment impact upon young people's outcomes in a number of ways, with different mechanisms observed for different outcomes. Young people living in a currently workless household were more likely to have poorer educational outcomes (truancy, leaving school at age 16), operating through the impact on family socio-economic circumstances (financial capital). Maternal part-time employment appeared to offer young people some protection against poor emotional well-being, operating through a mechanism of social capital. The influence of parental employment patterns on the formation of educational attitudes and expectations appeared to operate through a mechanism of cultural norms and expectations (cultural capital). Understanding the impact of parental employment patterns on outcomes for adolescents, using this recent data source, offers a key contribution to the literature and to policy debates.
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Ekblom, Jens. "Does parental origin reflect the labor market outcome? : Study of differences between native Swedes and second generation immigrants." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-132136.

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Sweden is a country with an increasing foreign born population, where more and more people growing up with two parents born outside of Sweden. In this paper I examine the different labor market outcome for native Swedes and the six largest groups of second generation immigrants in the ages 30-39 years. The analysis is divided in two part where the first examining the level of gainful employment and the second the distribution in line of work. By using data from population register there was possible to perform detailed analysis. The gainfully employment rate are lower for the different groups of second generation immigrants. Unlike earlier studies regarding employment differences depending on parental origin, there are however not as distinct pattern of ethnic penalties. The result regarding line of work from the second part of the analysis show that some groups of second generation have a higher risk of being in less-qualified jobs after controlling for education, personal- and parental variables.
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Genlott, Emma. "The effects of school closures due to Covid-19 on parental labor supply : evidence from the United States." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447163.

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The spread of Covid-19 led to social restrictions of various kinds, of which closing schools was one. This paper studies the effect of school closures on parental labor supply. To this end, I use repeated cross-sectional data on households at the monthly level from the US Current Population Survey (CPS), and employ a difference-in-differences methodology where I compare the labor market outcomes for parents to school-aged children that require supervision with parents to slightly older children, before and after March 2020. The results show that there is a significant reduction in the labor supply of parents to younger children as a result of school closures, and that the effects are larger for mothers than for fathers.
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Almeida, Suzana Stefanini Campos de. "Aleitamento Materno e Trabalho: entre as funções maternas e a responsabilidade profissional." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22133/tde-17082017-150907/.

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Introdução: O trabalho materno tem sido apontado como um dos fatores que influenciam o início, a duração e a intensidade do aleitamento e vários são os fatores relacionados ao trabalho que podem influenciar a prática do aleitamento materno. Entretanto, percebemos que a grande dificuldade para alcançar melhores padrões desta prática, entre as trabalhadoras, não se encontra na falta de conhecimento materno sobre a importância de amamentar, tampouco na inexistência de programas e leis que promovam, protejam e incentivem o aleitamento. A dificuldade está também, na falta de adesão por parte das empresas/gestores em implementar as ações vigentes de forma apropriada para as funcionárias que retornam da licença maternidade, ou ainda daquelas que retornam precocemente ao trabalho por não terem um vínculo trabalhista formal. Objetivo: Compreender a experiência de mulheres trabalhadoras e gestores/empresários em relação ao aleitamento materno e o retorno ao trabalho. Método: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, que teve como cenário uma empresa do ramo de agronegócio da região de Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil que adota políticas de promoção, proteção e incentivo ao aleitamento materno, tais como: licença maternidade, licença paternidade, sala de amamentação, horários flexíveis, creches, entre outros. Os participantes deste estudo foram mulheres que passaram pelo processo da amamentação nos anos de 2014, 2015 e 2016, e funcionários/gestores que trabalham no mesmo setor. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de entrevista semiestruturada gravada após a assinatura do TCLE. Para analise dos dados foi utilizado o Método de Interpretação de Sentidos à luz do Materialismo Histórico Dialético, dos conceitos de gênero e das políticas de apoio à maternidade. Resultados: 16 sujeitos participaram de nosso estudo, sendo eles 10 mulheres, cinco funcionários e um gestor. Três categorias temáticas foram identificadas: A maternidade e os programas de apoio no trabalho, Fragmentação de pensamentos: entre as necessidades maternas, sobrecargas diárias e posturas profissionais e O aleitamento materno sob o prisma empresarial. Conclusão: Identifica-se que muitos são os dilemas sofridos pelo desejo de manter a prática do aleitamento materno e sentir-se segura em suas profissões e longe de olhares preconceituosos e incriminadores. Para que a mulher concilie de forma harmoniosa suas funções maternas e a sua responsabilidade profissional, além de uma rede de apoio que agregue familiares, profissionais de saúde capacitados, a mulher necessita desejar e se resignar. Destacamos no que diz respeito à empresa que a simples existência de programas de apoio dentro das empresas não representa o legítimo apoio dos funcionários/gestores demonstrando que não somente são necessários tais programas, mas também a compreensão e sensibilização destes em relação aos vários papeis sociais que a mulher representa hoje na sociedade contemporânea
Introduction: A mother\"s job has been appointed as one of the factors that influence the beginning, the duration and the intensity of breastfeeding and many aspects related to her work can affect this practice. However, we realized that a great difficulty to achieve better standards of breastfeeding among working mothers is not found in the lack of knowledge about the importance of breastfeeding, let alone in the inexistence of programs and laws that promote, protect and encourage it. It is therefore found in the lack of adhesion of the companies that implement appropriate current actions for its employees who return from maternity leave, or even those who go back to work earlier than expected due to not having a formal labor relationship. Objective: To understand the relationship of working mothers and companies regarding breastfeeding and the return to their jobs. Method: A qualitative study which takes place in an agribusiness company in the region of Ribeirao Preto, in Sao Paulo, Brazil, which adopts promotion policies, protection and encouragement to breastfeeding, such as: maternity leave, paternity leave, breastfeeding room, flexible hours and daycare, among others. The participants of this study were women who went through the process of breastfeeding in the years of 2014, 2015 and 2016, and other employers who worked in the same sectors. The data was collected through semi structured interviews recorded after signing the WICF. The method used to analyze this data was the Interpretation of Senses in light of Dialectic Historical Materialism, of the concept of gender and the policies supporting motherhood. Results: 16 subjects took part in our study being 10 women, 5 employers and 1 manager. Three themed categories were identified: Maternity and Supportive Programs in the Workplace, Fragmentation of Thought: the maternal needs, daily overloads and professional postures and Breastfeeding under the Business Prism. Conclusion: Many are the identified dilemmas which mothers suffer when they have the desire of maintaining the practice of breastfeeding and feeling safe in their professions and far from prejudicial and incriminating looks. In order for the woman to deal with her maternal functions and her professional responsibilities in a consonant way, aside from a supporting network of family members and capable health professional, the woman needs to desire and relinquish herself. We highlight that regarding the company, the simple existence of supportive programs in the workplace doesn\"t represent the legitimate support of employers. It also demonstrates that these programs are not only necessary, but that the understanding and awareness of the employers towards the many social roles of the woman in modern society are also needed
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Cardell, Micaela. "Mannens ansvar för arbetet i hemmet : förändring över generationer." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-29241.

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This essay is aiming to examine distribution of the unpaid domestic work from a male perspective. Qualitative interviews with three men from three different generations has been implemented to get a subjective image of what these men belives are the factors behind the division of domestic work in there homes. The study shows that changes have taken place, men take a bigger responsibility in domestic work and children care today compared to 50 years ago. A reason for this is for instance womens increasing degree of gainful employment. Despite the changes- or because of them, the discussion of division of domestic work is most current, though differences still remains.
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Yum, Minchul. "Essays in Quantitative Macroeconomics." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429444230.

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Books on the topic "PARENTAL LABOR"

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Taking time: Parental leave policy and corporate culture. Philadelphia, Pa: Temple University Press, 1998.

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Branch, Canada Statistics Canada Analytical Studies. Death and divorce: The long-term consequences of parental loss on adolescents. Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 1999.

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Labor, New York (State) Legislature Senate Standing Committee on. Senate Labor Committee: Roundtable discussion on family leave legislation. [New York: s.n., 2007.

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Merz, Monika. Women's hours of market work in Germany: The role of parental leave. Bonn, Germany: IZA, 2004.

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Marshall, Nancy L. Child care, division of labor, and parental emotional well-being among two-earner couples. Wellesley, MA: Wellesley College, Center for Research on Women, 1992.

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Qureshi, Madeeha Gohar. Child work and schooling in Pakistan: To what exent poverty and other demographic and parental background matter? Islamabad: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, 2014.

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Vairaaroa, Bertrand. Avis sur le projet de "loi du pays" relatif aux indemnités journalières de grossesse versées aux femmes salariées: Saisine du gouvernement. Papeete, Tahiti: Conseil Économique Social et Culturel de Polynésie française (C.E.S.C.), 2005.

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Vairaaroa, Bertrand. Avis sur le projet de "loi du pays" relatif aux indemnités journalières de grossesse versées aux femmes salariées: Saisine du gouvernement. Papeete, Tahiti: Conseil Économique Social et Culturel de Polynésie française (C.E.S.C.), 2005.

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Vairaaroa, Bertrand. Avis sur le projet de "loi du pays" relatif aux indemnités journalières de grossesse versées aux femmes salariées: Saisine du gouvernement. Papeete, Tahiti: Conseil Économique Social et Culturel de Polynésie française (C.E.S.C.), 2005.

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Altonji, Joseph G. Family background and labor market outcomes. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "PARENTAL LABOR"

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Bueno, Xiana, and Eunsil Oh. "How Do Men Talk about Taking Parental Leave? Evidence from South Korea, Spain, and the U.S." In Engaged Fatherhood for Men, Families and Gender Equality, 165–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75645-1_9.

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AbstractThis study explores how men in South Korea, Spain, and the U.S. use parental leave and shows how distinct labor-market structures, divisions of unpaid and paid labor, and parental leave policies shape individuals’ intentions and decisions to utilize leave policies. Using in-depth interviews of 80 men, we show two important findings: One, in Spain and the U. S., the systematized monetary support strongly encourages fathers to use parental leave whereas in South Korea, a generous policy becomes of little use because work culture heavily discourages men from taking leave. Two, gender norms shape the desirability of using parental leave regardless of the availability of the policy. An emerging group of men in Spain and the U.S. actively reconstruct what an engaged father should do whereas Korean men took it for granted that fathers should not take leave, instead should work even harder to be a responsible father. In the end, this study shows how the monetary structure and schema of what an engaged father should do shape how men approach and use parental leave in three different contexts.
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Gunnarsson, Victoria, Peter F. Orazem, and Guilherme Sedlacek. "Changing Patterns of Child Labor around the World since 1950: The Roles of Income Growth, Parental Literacy, and Agriculture." In Child Labor and Education in Latin America, 21–31. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230620100_2.

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Neri, Marcelo Côrtes, Emily Gustafsson-Wright, Guilherme Sedlacek, and Peter F. Orazem. "The Responses of Child Labor, School Enrollment, and Grade Repetition to the Loss of Parental Earnings in Brazil, 1982–1999." In Child Labor and Education in Latin America, 55–68. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230620100_4.

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Hook, Jennifer L., and Meiying Li. "Gendered Tradeoffs." In The Palgrave Handbook of Family Policy, 249–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54618-2_11.

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AbstractIn this chapter we review the research linking national-level family policies on childcare services and parental leave to women’s labor market outcomes. We review the state of the literature in answering two primary questions: (1) Do generous family policies perpetuate gender inequality in the labor market? That is, do family policies have unintended consequences or promote women’s inclusion into the labor force at the expense of gender equality within it? (2) Do generous family policies promote gender equality for certain groups of women at the expense of other groups of women? In answering this second question we focus on how policies differentially affect women by social class. We conclude with directions for future research.
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Birch, Elisa Rose, Anh T. Le, and Paul W. Miller. "Lone Parents." In Household Divisions of Labour, 180–221. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230245716_7.

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Escobedo, Anna. "Conciliating Parents’ Labor and Family Life." In Handbook of Child Well-Being, 2153–72. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9063-8_85.

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Gregg, Paul, and Susan Harkness. "Welfare Reform and the Employment of Lone Parents." In The Labour Market Under New Labour, 98–115. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230598454_8.

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Claessens, Elke, and Dimitri Mortelmans. "Who Cares? An Event History Analysis of Co-parenthood Dynamics in Belgium." In European Studies of Population, 131–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68479-2_7.

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AbstractUntil the end of the twentieth century, child custody arrangements after separation typically continued the gendered pre-separation parenting division, with mothers taking up childcare and fathers paying child support. Recently, there has been a significant rise in co-parenting after separation, reflecting the trend towards more socio-economic, work- and childcare-related gender equality during the relationship. However, it remains unclear to what extent the organization of the pre-separation household dominates over important changes in the lives and labor force participation of parents after separation in choosing to co-parent.This study uses longitudinal Belgian register data to consider the effect of post-separation dynamics in parents’ life course and labor force participation in deciding to co-parent. While certain pre-separation characteristics remain predictive of co-parenting, our results suggest a societal trend towards co-parenting as the parenting norm. Increased time in paid work positively affects co-parenting probabilities, but we find no effect of a post-separation income increase, even though this would imply greater bargaining power to obtain sole custody. As such, the investigated post-separation changes seem to be an indication of parents moving towards supporting and attempting to gain gender equal parenting after separation.
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Fronstin, Paul, David H. Greenberg, and Philip K. Robins. "Parental disruption and the labour market performance of children when they reach adulthood." In Population Economics, 309–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55573-2_16.

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Suwada, Katarzyna. "Paid Work and Parenting." In Parenting and Work in Poland, 55–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66303-2_4.

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AbstractThis chapter is devoted to the issue of paid work. Despite analyses dominating today that perceive paid work as an obstacle to parenting, I argue that paid work is an important obligation arising from parenthood. My analysis indicates that becoming a parent has consequences on how individuals perceive paid work. It becomes more important and there is a bigger focus on the level of earnings. Polish parents feel an enormous economic pressures in connection to having children. Yet the attitudes of men and women to paid work are different. In case of men there is a greater pressure to keep paid work and have a decent salary. Whereas women more often perceive paid work as a source of satisfaction. On the one hand, they also feel pressure to be active in the labour market and to bring money home, but on the other hand they confine more attention to the fact that paid work should be satisfactory. What is more, the chapter discusses these gender differences in the context of economic inequalities, as well as differences between the situation of single and coupled parents.
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Conference papers on the topic "PARENTAL LABOR"

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Voroshilova, Anzhelika. "Demographic determinants of parental labor motivation types." In International Days of Statistics and Economics 2019. Libuše Macáková, MELANDRIUM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/pr.2019.los.186.165.

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Oprea, Daniela. "School Effects of Attachment Break in Context of Economic Migration of Parents." In ATEE 2020 - Winter Conference. Teacher Education for Promoting Well-Being in School. LUMEN Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/atee2020/23.

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Romania is going through a period of economic transition, subject to the pressures of globalization that affect the evolution of the family, at the micro social level, structurally, from the behaviour and relational point of view. The continuous process of changes in the labour market, the inefficiency of the association between vocational training and job satisfaction, the financial difficulties felt by most families but also the challenge of modernity have emphasized the phenomenon of migration in the last decade. The departure of parents who have to work abroad has become a worrying phenomenon with a higher incidence in the eastern half of the country. It has got complex effects on the evolution of the family, especially on the children left at home with one of their parents or their tutors. Nowadays, the studies show more and more situations of neglect in which children become victims and suffer emotionally and physically. They also suffer various abuses, they are exploited through work or sex. In schools, there is a new profile of special educational requirements (not deficiencies), the profile of children left at home without parental support. It is worrying the migration phenomenon seen as a value model by the young generation and its negative effects at school level: decrease of motivation for learning or school abandonment. The present study discusses a review of the current scientific literature objectively, which examines the impact of breaking attachment relationships between children and parents on socio-emotional development and school outcomes. The Romanian society knows an important socio-economic phenomenon, which has grown since 1990: migration. In 2017, a study carried out at the request of the Romanian Government recorded more than 85,000 children left home alone with one of the parents or without parental supervision. We aim to analyse what effects at school and socio-emotional level have the loss of attachment ties having as moderators the gender of the migrant parent, the duration of the separation, the age at which the separation occurs. When these relationships are interrupted, the child’s emotional development is affected, his emotional balance having repercussions in his social life. The purpose of this study is to identify, monitor the dimensions of the phenomenon in intensely affected areas (Braila and Galati counties), the psycho-pedagogical aspects of children with migrant parents exposed to situations of vulnerability, marginalization and to propose a program of educational strategies in order to optimize school motivation. The main objective of the research is to identify, evaluate and involve them into adaptive actions that have as their objective the rebalancing of the socio-affective relations
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Konstantinov, V. V., E. A. Klimova, and R. V. Osin. "Socio-psychological adaptation of children of labor migrants in the conditions of preschool educational institutions." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL ONLINE CONFERENCE. Знание-М, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.38006/907345-50-8.2020.143.155.

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In the modern world, labour migrants come to developed countries with their children, including children of preschool age, in search of better jobs. It is children who are most vulnerable in the framework of the migration process as they need to adapt to life in a new multicultural environment. Today, in fact, there is absence of fundamental developments aimed at solving difficulties of an adaptation process for children of labour migrants who have insufficient experience in constructive sociopsychological interaction and are involved in building image representation systems of significant others and of their own selves. The paper presents results of an empirical study implemented on the basis of preschool educational institutions of the Penza region in which 120 children of labour migrants participated between the ages of 6–7 years. Authors conclude that children of labour migrants are the most vulnerable social group in need of psychological support. Most pronounced destructive impact on a pre-schooler’s personality is expressed in a child-parent relationship. As main effects of a maladaptive behaviour of children from migrant families we can highlight: expressed anxiety, decreased self-esteem, neurotic reactions in social interaction, identification inconsistency, reduced social activity, intolerance of otherness and constant stress due to expectations of failure. Most children from migrant families express decreased or low self-esteem. The nature of a parent-child relationship is expressed in a collective image of a parent, in particular the image of the mother, and acts as an indicator of well-being / dysfunction of a child’s personal development, his attitude to the world and his own self.
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Fellmeth, G., K. Rose-Clarke, C. Zhao, LK Busert, Y. Zheng, A. Massazza, H. Sonmez, et al. "G271(P) Parental migration for labour and health in children and adolescents left-behind children: a systematic review and meta-analysis." In Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Abstracts of the RCPCH Conference and exhibition, 13–15 May 2019, ICC, Birmingham, Paediatrics: pathways to a brighter future. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2019-rcpch.263.

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Jaure, Ricanos, and Alfred Makura. "SOCIAL MILIEU AS A MODERATOR OF RESILIENCE AMONG LEFT-BEHIND LEARNERS FOLLOWING PARENTAL LABOUR MIGRATION: EVIDENCE FROM ZIMBABWE AND SOUTH AFRICA." In 13th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. IATED, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2021.0401.

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Galina, Gorbunov. "OC-67 Impact of labour migration of parents on children`s health in the republic of moldova." In 8th Europaediatrics Congress jointly held with, The 13th National Congress of Romanian Pediatrics Society, 7–10 June 2017, Palace of Parliament, Romania, Paediatrics building bridges across Europe. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2017-313273.67.

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Koev, Krasimir, and Ana Popova. "Social aspects of the intra-EU mobility." In 7th International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences. Center for Open Access in Science, Belgrade, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.e-conf.07.16169k.

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The paper presents a topical picture of the intra-EU mobility on the basis of officially published quantitative data. Several social aspects of this type of internal migration are discussed and analyzed, such as: risks for the health, education and socialization of the migrant children; risks for the stability of the migrant families; demographic and social consequences for the EU countries which are reported as the biggest sources of intra-EU mobility. The official statistical data are compared with the results of the authors’ study on socialization deficits for the children from so called “transnational families”, where one or both parent are labor migrants and have left their children to the care of relatives in the country of origin. The comparative results serve as a basis of conclusions about the negative social impact of the intra-EU mobility on the migrant families and especially on their children.
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Pavicic, Jurica. "School Principals as Jugglers." In 2nd International Conference on Advanced Research in Education. Acavent, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/2nd.educationconf.2019.11.799.

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At daily basis school principals need to balance between needs and wishes of different stakeholders. As the most important stakeholder stands out pupils from which is expected to perform at high level all the time. Another very important stakeholders are teachers which (often) are not motivated enough (financially, emotionally, socially) to give the best in the classrooms. Also, there are parents which expect that their children are exposed to best knowledge; government who expect that school system in general is at internationally competitive level; and also, companies who wishes to have people / labor force who know what to do when faced with problems. To be able to satisfied all parties involved, school principals need to juggle between them and at the same time ensure that school, as an organization, is function immaculately. Our paper focus on school principals and how marketing and management knowledge can help in juggling between the stakeholders. Context of our paper is Croatia – country that had good primary and secondary school systems but by entering EU and exposing to different kind of practice and demands, needed to adopt them. In that new environment business, and especially marketing and management knowledge, become crucial for school principals.
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Tudor, Sofia-Loredana. "Study on the Training Needs of Teaching Staff to Provide Quality Early Childhood Education Services." In ATEE 2020 - Winter Conference. Teacher Education for Promoting Well-Being in School. LUMEN Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/atee2020/36.

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Early child development is related to early education, health, nutrition, and psychosocial development; therefore, the holistic concept of early approach combines elements from the area of stimulation of the child, health, nutrition, speech therapy, psychological counselling, physical development support, etc. The need for the development of integrated early education services and their extension to the area of 0-3 years are priorities of the European strategies assumed through a complex of educational policy measures, having as a priority the development of quality early education services for the benefit of all prerequisites for lowering the schooling rate (Strategy for early childhood education, Strategy for parental education, Strategy for reducing early school leaving in Romania, Study on the evaluation of public policies in the field of early childhood education - Saber Early Childhood). In this context of the development of early childhood education, numerous inequalities are identified in the implementation of European and national strategies and programs in the development of early childhood education services, supported by economic, political, social factors, etc. In order to make them compatible at European level, we consider it necessary to support training and development programs for staff providing educational services in early childhood education institutions. The purpose of this study is to acknowledge the opinion of the bodies with attributions in the pre-kindergarten and preschool education in Romania, as well as of the civil society and public opinion, as a prerequisite for identifying school policy measures and developing programs for training the teaching staff so as to be able to provide educational services in early childhood education (representatives responsible for early childhood education in school inspectorates and Houses of the Teaching Staff, teaching staff in preschool educational institutions, representatives of the Ministry of Labour and Social Protection, representatives of the Social Assistance Directorate, managers of nursery schools, representatives of NGOs and other categories of organizations with experience in the field, parents and interested representatives of the civil society and public opinion). The present study is a qualitative research based on the focus-group method, but also a quantitative research by using the questionnaire-based survey, being carried out on a representative sample of 100 persons (2 focus-group of 25 persons, respectively 50 persons involved in the survey-based questionnaire). The conclusions of this study highlight the need to restructure the system of early childhood education in Romania through interventions at the legislative level and ensure a unitary system of policy and intervention in early childhood education. Also, we believe it is imperative to reorganize the training system of the human resource, by developing complementary competences of the teaching staff, adapted to the training needs of the early childhood population, ensuring a valuable inclusive and integrated intervention.
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Hübelová, Dana, Nikola Mezihoráková, Beatrice Chromková, and Alice Kozumplíková. "Sociální a ekonomická dimenze kvality života rodin chronicky nemocných dětských pacientů." In XXIV. mezinárodního kolokvia o regionálních vědách. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9896-2021-65.

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Chronic diseases affect the quality of life of families of sick people on the level of their physical, economic, mental, and subjective well-being. The aim of the paper is two-folded: a) to determine the economic and social consequences of the child's illness for families and b) to identify the factors that may influence the origin and development of asthma in the child population. The data come from a survey we carried out on a sample of parents with children who are treated in the Children's Speleotherapy Sanatorium in Ostrov near Macocha (a total sample of 201 respondents). We checked for any association by use of correlation analysis, Kruskal-⁠Wallis and Chi-square test. More than half of the families reported that the child's illness negatively influences the involvement in the labour market, families show an increase in financial costs associated with rehab and a financial loss during the care of a sick child. One third of the children’s patients has problems with missing classes at school, the average absence is 8 weeks in the school year, and every tenth child has difficulty in establishing social contacts. Analyses of external factors in relation to asthma show the effect of education on smoking in the family, but did not confirm the effect of age and mother's education on the birth weight of the child or the type of birth. From the results, it is clear that asthma adversely affects the quality of life of the asthmatic child and his family. The disease is thus associated with social and psychological consequences, which limits the performance at school for children and work activities for parents and other activities. All in one, it has not only health, but also socio-economic consequences.
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Reports on the topic "PARENTAL LABOR"

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Schmidpeter, Bernhard. The Long-Term Labor Market Effects of Parental Unemployment. W.E. Upjohn Institute, August 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17848/wp20-322.

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Berlinski, Samuel, María Marta Ferreyra, Luca Flabbi, and Juan David Martin. Child Care Markets, Parental Labor Supply, and Child Development. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002872.

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We develop and estimate a model of child care markets that endogenizes both demand and supply. On the demand side, families with a child make consumption, labor supply, and child-care decisions within a static, unitary household model. On the supply side, child care providers make entry, price, and quality decisions under monopolistic competition. Child development is a function of the time spent with each parent and at the child care center; these inputs vary in their impact. We estimate the structural parameters of the model using the 2003 Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, which contains information on parental employment and wages, child care choices, child development, and center quality. We use our estimates to evaluate the impact of several policies, including vouchers, cash transfers, quality regulations, and public provision. Among these, a combination of quality regulation and vouchers for working families leads to the greatest gains in average child development and to a large expansion in child care use and female labor supply, all at a relatively low fiscal cost.
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Karimi, Arizo, Jenny Jans, and Rita Ginja. Parental leave benefits, household labor supply, and children's long-run outcomes. The IFS, October 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/wp.ifs.2018.2618.

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Angrist, Joshua, and William Evans. Children and Their Parents' Labor Supply: Evidence from Exogenous Variation in Family Size. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5778.

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Hoynes, Hilary. Welfare Transfers in Two-Parent Families: Labor Supply and Welfare Participation Under AFDC-UP. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4407.

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Stampini, Marco, María Laura Oliveri, Pablo Ibarrarán, Diana Londoño, Ho June (Sean) Rhee, and Gillinda M. James. Working Less to Take Care of Parents?: Labor Market Effects of Family Long-Term Care in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002738.

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Mateo Díaz, Mercedes, Laura Becerra Luna, Juan Manuel Hernández-Agramonte, Florencia López, Marcelo Pérez Alfaro, and Alejandro Vasquez Echeverria. Nudging Parents to Improve Preschool Attendance in Uruguay. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002901.

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Uruguay has increased it preschool enrollment, reaching almost universal coverage among four- and five-year-olds. However, more than a third of children enrolled in preschool programs have insufficient attendance, with absenteeism higher in schools in lower socioeconomic areas and among younger preschool children. This paper presents the results of a behavioral intervention to increase preschool attendance nationwide. Most previous experiments using behavioral sciences have looked at the impact of nudging parents on attendance and learning for school-age children; this is the first experiment looking at both attendance and child development for preschool children. It is also the first behavioral intervention to use a government mobile app to send messages to parents of preschool children. The intervention had no average treatment effect on attendance, but results ranged widely across groups. Attendance by children in the 25th 75th percentiles of absenteeism rose by 0.320.68 days over the course of the 13-week intervention, and attendance among children in remote areas increased by 1.48 days. Among all children in the study, the intervention also increased language development by 0.10 standard deviations, an impact similar to that of very labor-intensive programs, such as home visits. The intervention had stronger effects on children in the remote provinces of Uruguay, increasing various domains of child development by about 0.33 to 0.37 standard deviations. Behavioral interventions seeking to reduce absenteeism and raise test scores usually nudge parents on both the importance of attendance and ways to improve child development. In this experiment, the nudges focused only on absenteeism but had an effect on both.
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Brewer, Mike, Andrew Shephard, and Richard Blundell. The impact of tax and benefit changes between April 2000 and April 2003 on parents' labour supply. Institute for Fiscal Studies, November 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/bn.ifs.2004.0052.

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