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1
Callis, Abby. "Parental Understanding of Miranda Rights." TopSCHOLAR®, 2003. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/584.
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The current research focuses on parents' level of understanding of Miranda rights and parents' likelihood of encouraging their teenagers to waive their Miranda rights. The previous research suggests that parents alone may not adequately protect juveniles' rights during interrogation and waiver. Prior research also suggests that parents' and juveniles' past experience with the justice system may not help them during their current interrogation and waiver. A 17-item questionnaire was used to assess the two dependent variables and the two independent variables. The two dependent variables were parents' understanding of Miranda rights and parents' likelihood of encouraging arrested teens to waive their rights. The two independent variables were whether or not a parent has been arrested and whether or not the teenager has been arrested. There were four conditions: parents who had been arrested with teenagers who had been arrested, parents who had been arrested with teenagers who had not been arrested, parents who had not been arrested with teenagers who had been arrested, and parents who had not been arrested with teenagers who had not been arrested. Several ANOVAs (Analyses of Variance) and one ANCOVA (Analysis of Covariance) revealed patterns in the data supporting the hypothesis that parents may not provide adequate support for teenagers during the waiver process. Overall, past experience was shown not to have an effect on the likelihood for parents to encourage waiver or on their score on the Comprehension o/Miranda Rights - Recognition (CMRR) (used to measure level of understanding of the Miranda warnings) (Grisso, 1998). Furthermore, the implications for this study supported the notion that having legal counsel present during the waiver process is beneficial to the arrested teenager.
2
Rogers, Tommy Kevin. "Parental Rights: Curriculum Opt-outs in Public Schools." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc30507/.
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The purposes of this dissertation were to determine the constitutional rights of parents to shield their children from exposure to parts of the public school curriculum that the parents find objectionable on religious, moral, or other grounds and to determine the statutory rights of parents to remove, or opt-out, their children from objectionable parts or all of the public school curriculum as set forth in the statutes of the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Many pivotal federal court cases dealing with parent rights and curricular issues, including Mozert v. Hawkins County Board of Education (1987), Vandiver v. Hardin County Board of Education (1987), Brown v. Hot, Sexy, & Safer Productions, Inc. (1995), Leebaert v. Harrington (2003), and Parker v. Hurley (2008) were surveyed using legal research methods. Specific types of curriculum opt-outs (e.g., sex education, comprehensive health programs, HIV/AIDS instruction) granted by each state were ascertained. States' statutes and regulations were categorized as non-existent, restrictive, or permissive based on the scope and breadth of each state's curriculum opt-out statute or regulation. A long list of federal court rulings have provided public schools the right to teach what school boards and administrators determine is appropriate. Parents did not have any constitutional right to opt their children out of public school curriculum. Many states' legislatures have granted parents a statutory right to opt their children out of certain parts of school curricula. In this study, 7 states had non-existent statutes or regulations, 18 states had restrictive statutes or regulations, and 26 states had permissive statutes or regulations.
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Hitchen, Sarah Anne. "How to do things with rights-claims : an ordinary language approach to parental rights." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.658600.
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This work takes an ordinary language approach to the question of parental rights in order to try to disentangle some of the problems, theoretical and practical, which arise when we try to decide between the various rights claims which arise in relation to the family. Family relationships are always complex; however, the challenges presented by non-nuclear families and artificial reproductive technologies place new demands upon traditional ways of thinking about the legal and moral relationships between parents, children and society. At the same time the use of rights-language has proliferated and courts must therefore juggle complex claims and counter claims. This expansive use of rights-language can lead to misunderstandings about the nature of rights and rights-claims. If these misunderstandings are imported into the technical spheres of law and philosophy this may lead to a further clouding of rights theory. This in turn allows us to become entangled in seemingly irresolvable conflicts of right A significant portion of this work addresses two traditional approaches to parental rights in order to show why these models fail to give us an adequate account of parental rights, it is argued that this failure is in part due to linguistic confusions and in paJi to theoretical ones. At the close, I offer a model which allows us to judge whether or not a rights-claim is successful. This success is measured, not in the right being met, but in the claim made succeeding as a rights-claim. Whether or not a rights-claim is viewed as a right in fact will depend upon the context in which it is made. This model applies to rights in general and as such may help us to begin to disentangle the knot of claims and counter claims we find in relation to the family.
4
Sammon, Anne Mary. "Examining the adequacy of workplace parental rights in Great Britain." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2017. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/examining-the-adequacy-of-workplace-parental-rights-in-great-britain(9b94a4f1-18f9-44fe-bc5d-78e02458f550).html.
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This thesis examines the adequacy of the current regime of parental rights in the workplace in Great Britain. This is done by first considering the rationale for protecting the status of parents and why it is important to enable parents to combine both family and work responsibilities and considers feminist theory in relation to this subject. Having done so, the thesis moves on to consider the existing legislative framework that is supposed to achieve work-life balance focussing on the following legislative provisions: • Maternity and paternity leave • Parental leave • Emergency Dependant’s leave • Right to request flexible working • Part-time Workers (Prevention of Less Favourable Treatment) Regulations • Working Time Regulations • Sex discrimination The thesis then considers the way in which “family-friendly” rights are enforced through the Employment Tribunal system, including some of the hurdles faced by potential claimants, such as tribunal fees. Finally, the thesis looks to the future, considering whether the Shared Parental Leave provisions, which apply for children expected on or after 5 April 2015 will address the problems identified earlier in the thesis with the current legislative regime and suggests a new, more holistic approach to the need to combine work and family, based on the duty to make reasonable adjustments, which currently exists only in respect of disability.
5
McLaughlin, Terence Henry. "Parental rights in religious upbringing and religious education within a liberal perspective." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1991. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10018556/.
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This thesis engages in a critical examination of parents' rights in religious upbringing and religious education within a liberal perspective. One of the central features of a 'liberal perspective' is taken here to be a commitment to the importance of valuing and developing the autonomy of the child. This commitment has important implications for the defensibility of both religious upbringing and religious education, and for the scope of parental rights that can be exercised in relation to them. In the first three chapters it is argued that, given this perspective, parents have a right to give their children a certain kind of religious upbringing; one where their children are brought up to have an initial determinate religious commitment, but one which is both open to, and compatible with, the child's eventual achievement of autonomy. This view is defended against a range of objections and the character of such an upbringing is explored in some detail. In the next four chapters it is argued that, following on from this claim about religious upbringing, a broadly similar claim can be made about religious education and schooling. Parents are seen as having the right to give their children a distinctive kind of liberal education, including a form of religious schooling, which seeks the development of their child's autonomy from a particular starting point. The argument proceeds from an analysis of parents' rights in general concerning education, through a critical exploration of the notion of liberal education, to an outline of the concept of the `liberal religious school' and an analysis of the difficulties to which it gives rise. The thesis concludes with an exploration of further considerations which support the view that a plurality of forms of liberal education, including education in religion, should be acknowledged, in relation to which parental rights can legitimately be claimed and exercised.
6
Rammule, Lorato Felicity. "International parental child abductions - remedial mechanisms within the African Human Rights System." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/5842.
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The purpose of this research is to look for a legal basis which a parent whose child has been abducted can retrieve his child. The Hague Convention deals with the question of parents who abduct their own children and take them to foreign countries. Discusses to what extent the African Human Rights System can complement the mechanism provided by the Hague Convention. The significance of this study is that it captures a seemingly harmless act for what it truly is.Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2007.
Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Associate Professor John-Jean Barya of the Faculty of Law, University of Makerere, Uganda.
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
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Knapp, Mary A. "Just say no! 'Parental Rights,' the Christian Right, and paternal power in abstinence-only sex education." Connect to resource, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1140034600.
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Song, Minkyoung. "Termination of parental rights and adoption in foster care a foster care decision on child maltreatment." Saarbrücken VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2007. http://d-nb.info/985771186/04.
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Bryan, Derrel James. "A Legal and Historical Study of Parental Choice: Implications for Public Education." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000481.
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Ankut, Priscilla Yachat. "Balancing parental responsibility and state obligation in fulfilling the socio-economic rights of children under the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/983.
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"The prevailing realities of 'severely depressed' African economies make it difficult for children to enjoy the socio-economic rights guaranteed under the Children's Charter. This study takes the view that the responsibility of parents and the obligations of the state towards children's socio-economic rights must be mutually supportive. It therefore proposes the need for balancing parental responsibility and state obligations in the struggle to ensure that the socio-economic rights of children across the continent are met, albeit, under difficult economic circumstances. ... The study is divided into five chapters. Chapter 1 has highlighted the structure of the entire discourse. Chapter 2 deals with the general perspectives of the socio-economic rights of children within the broad context of international human rights law. An overview of the normative and procedural framework of the Convention on the Rights of the Child is given. The chapter also examines the normative and procedural framework available for the protection of the child at the African regional level, the starting point of which is the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights and eventually narrowed down to the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child. Chapter 3 addresses the concept of parental responsibility. In particular, Africa's notion of parental responsibility is critically analyzed as a factor that makes a crucial difference to the interpretations of the underlying assumptions in the Children's Charter that the socio-economic rights of children could be met through the African communal and extended family network. Chapter 4 deals with states obligations in respect of the socio-economic rights of children. The South African jurisprudence on the rights of the child is also discussed in this chapter. The chapter also highlights the interplay between parental responsibility and state obligations in fulfilling the socio-economic rights of children. Chapter 5 consists of conclusions of the essay." -- Chapter 1.Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa))--University of Pretoria, 2003.
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
11
Alias, Amelia. "Children's understanding of online data privacy : a study on Scottish Primary 6 and Primary 7 pupils." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29627.
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There is growing concern over online privacy in today’s digital worlds, in part due to the nature of social media, which encourages the disclosure of personal information. Such concerns have resulted in a significant amount of research, so far focused on adults’ and teenagers’ perceptions of privacy and privacy management. This study aims to explore how children perceive online privacy. It addresses three research questions: RQ 1: What are children’s views of online privacy? RQ 2: What are parents’ views of online privacy? Do their views on privacy influence how they deal with their children’s privacy? RQ 3: What are the benefits and disadvantages of different Internet parental mediation strategies for children’s online privacy? Twenty-six semi-structured one-to-one interviews and ten focus group sessions were conducted with fifty-seven pupils aged 9 to 11 years old (Primary 6 and Primary 7), from one school in Scotland. Additionally, 8 parents were interviewed to understand how their perceptions of privacy influenced their Internet parenting strategies. This study has three overarching findings. The first overarching finding is related to children’s and parents’ views about the Internet as an unsafe place, occasionally leading parents to deploy restrictive and monitoring Internet parental mediation strategies. Second, children view privacy as more difficult to achieve online than offline for two main reasons: (1) the Internet is a ‘bigger space’ populated by a massive number of ‘people’, most of whom they do not know nor have they ever seen (‘strangers’), and (2) there are certain difficulties in managing the privacy settings of social networking sites. The third finding is that trust, autonomy and privacy are interrelated. Trust reduce privacy concerns, encouraged for two-way information sharing between children and parents, with an expectation that parents will be able to help identify potential and also unexpected online issues, and necessary advice and safety precautions can be taught to children. As a result, children will potentially be able to manage their online activities in an increasingly autonomous way. Trust is important not only in interpersonal relationships, but also for building confidence for contexts in which we do not have any prior knowledge, such as with strangers or with the providers of online platforms.
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Smith, Samantha. "Stolen sperm : should the law absolve an involuntary father from the duty to furnish child maintenance?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15196.
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The terrain of family law is increasingly complex and diverse and is constantly adapting to the changing social, cultural, political and economic landscape in which it is located. It is thus open to much development, particularly in the area of parenthood. In its simplest form, parenthood results when two consenting adults, knowingly and willingly, engage in sexual intercourse to conceive a child. The allocation of parental rights and responsibilities is therefore simplified on the basis that both parties consented to becoming parents. However, the assignment of legal parenthood is not always as clear-cut. Over the past three decades, the courts in the United States, in particular, have been tasked with adjudicating cases in which a biological father has refused to furnish child maintenance on the grounds that he was sexually forced into parenthood. These claims have highlighted the tension between biological fatherhood and legal parenthood, and have thus created a legal, ethical and practical quagmire in family law. Therefore this dissertation will explore the instances in which paternity is deceitfully imposed, the plethora of legal problems that arise and the possible legal routes open to involuntary fathers to avoid paying child support.
13
Taylor, Maggie S. "Too Close to the Knives| Children's Rights, Parental Authority, and Best Interests in the Context of Elective Pediatric Surgeries." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1588855.
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This thesis paper defends a novel conception of the child's best interest in regard to elective pediatric surgeries (EPS). First, children's capacity for decision-making is examined, and the best decision-making model for EPS is identified as the Best Interest Standard. What follows is a discussion of the interests of children in EPS, the correlation of fundamental interests to rights, and guidelines for weighing children's competing interests. Next, the role of families is considered, especially the rights and duties of parents. Finally, a reinterpretation of the Best Interest Standard is proposed, identifying as paramount a child's ability to make elective medical decisions for herself when she reaches maturity.
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Moyo, Admark. "Balancing child participation rights, parental responsibility and state intervention in medical and reproductive decision-making under South African law." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12914.
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Includes bibliographical references.Throughout history, the boundaries between children’s rights, parental responsibility and state intervention have been regularly redrawn. At the heart of this process is the need to recognise the separate personhood of the child and the important role played by parental guidance in the proper upbringing of children. While participation rights spring from the child’s autonomy-related claims, parental guidance and state intervention arise from the child’s need for protection, at least until the child either reaches the age of consent or attains majority status. Thus, children are now seen as holders of autonomy rights who should nonetheless be protected, by parents and the state, from personal decisions that threaten other important interests. At the international level, the separate personhood of the child has been legally reinforced by the adoption of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. This instrument entrenches non-discrimination, child participation rights, the best interests of the child and the right to life, survival and development as general principles of children’s rights. These principles have been largely domesticated in South African law and play an important role in determining how much autonomy and protection should be given to children. This study relies upon primary and secondary legal materials to explain whether international and domestic law strike an appropriate balance between children’s autonomy, parental responsibility and state intervention in decision-making.
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Adams, Delecia Leigh. "The challenges that unmarried fathers face in respect of the right to contact and care of their children: can amendments to the current law make enforcement of these rights more practical?" University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5348.
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Weidenbach, Jason L. "Educational Involvement of Nonresident Parents in the Decision-Making Process for Students with Disabilities Receiving Special Education and Related Services." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1538751/.
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Although the population of children attending schools that came from single parent or remarried households is significant, school leaders have failed to institute policies regarding the involvement of nonresident parents. School districts should have procedures to educate personnel on the legal rights of nonresident parents. To avoid confusion concerning legal terms, the term "nonresident" had been utilized to describe a biological parent with whom the child did not reside. This differs from the term "noncustodial." The purpose of this study was to investigate whether school districts in the North Texas area had specific written policies or administrative requirements that addressed the involvement of nonresident parents in the educational decision-making process for their child at IEP meetings. The conceptual framework for this study was founded on the premise that aside from instruction, three factors contributed to the achievement of students who received special education and related services: parental involvement, special education law, and school policy. School districts were polled via paper surveys distributed in person to special education leaders during director meetings and where they were reported to exist, a review of documents was performed. A summary of findings is presented with implications for practice and recommendations for school leaders, including a suggested sample for inclusion in a parental participation section of a district's special education operating guidelines.
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Venter, Marcia A. "Disputed parental relocation : determining the best interests of the child." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53397.
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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In recent years the issue of relocation has been much discussed and litigated. The complexity of the issues inherent in relocation disputes and the relative lack of research in the area points to the need for a more comprehensive, coherent and empirically sound approach than exists at present. The major considerations involved in relocation disputes, using the best interests of the child standard as a reference point throughout, in terms of the available research and issues that require empirical attention, are presented. These include the relationship of the best interests of the child standard in considering the common motivations for relocation, significant psychological factors, cultural, gender and personal biases, the recent collaboration between the psychological and legal professions and the process of psychological assessment. A number of South African court decisions are reviewed to provide an overview of how the law tends to approach these issues. A number of important research areas are described and several factors are identified that is essential for the evaluator to consider when evaluating a relocation dispute.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Oor die afgelope aantal jare het die kwessie van verhuising gereeld onder die soeklig gekom en is dit in howe oor en weer beredeneer. Die kompleksiteit van die kwessies inherent aan verhuisingdispute en die relatiewe gebrek aan navorsing oor die saak, vereis In meer omvattende, koherente en empiries verantwoordbare benadering as wat daar vandag bestaan. Belangrike oorwegings wat ter sake is in verhuisingskwessies en deur gebruik te maak van die beste belange van die kind standaard as In deurlopende verwysingspunt in terme van die beskikbare navorsing en kwessies wat empiriese ondersoek vereis, word bespreek. Dit sluit in die verhouding van die beste belange van die kind standaard in die oorweging van die algemene motiverings vir verhuising, betekenisvolle sielkundige faktore, kultuur, geslag en persoonlike vooroordele; die onlangse samewerking tussen die sielkunde en die reg, asook die proses van sielkundige assessering. In Aantal Suid-Afrikaanse hofuitsprake word bespreek om In oorsig te gee van hoe die reg geneig is om hierdie saak te benader. In Aantal belangrike navorsingsareas word beskryf en verskeie faktore word geïdentifiseer wat van wesenlike belang is om te oorweeg by die evaluering van In verhuisingsdispuut.
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Shankar, Manasi. "She is a Formidable Woman, a Powerhouse of Sorts: A Transcendental Phenomenology Examining the Experience of Growing up with Parental Disability." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/105175.
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Limited knowledge is available about the experiences and outcomes of family members, specifically those of children who were raised by parent(s) with disability. This gap in research is highly consequential, influencing the development of policies that are based on prejudiced assumptions about disabled parenting, rather than on empirical evidence. This study examined the experience of 13 adult children who were raised by at least one parent with disability in order to obtain a first-hand account of their perspectives. A transcendental phenomenology facilitated objectivity while capturing the essence of their experience. Research questions presented were the following: (a) What has been the experience of adult children who grew up with parent(s) with disability? (b) What familial, interpersonal, and/or personal contexts (if any) have produced a strengths-based retrospection of the experience? The study utilized Walsh's family resilience framework as a theoretical guide to counter deficit-focused research that has dominated disability research. Findings suggest the highly systemic and contextual quality of the experience, with children reporting overall strengths-based retrospections. Participants described family processes that were critical to the development of individual resilience, including belief systems, organizational processes, and open communication. Findings also demonstrated the development of favorable child outcomes such as empathy among adult children who were raised by parent(s) with disability. The findings have research, policy, and clinical implications, emphasizing the need to amplify disability discourses within the field of family science.Doctor of Philosophy
Discrimination against parents with disability is a long-standing issue in US history, impacting policies that lead to the involuntary separation of families. Assumptions about disabled parenting that focus on individual impairment may have contributed to this issue. The purpose of this study was to examine the experience of adult children who grew up with a parent(s) with disability, to obtain a first-hand account of their perspectives. The research questions presented were (a) What has been the experience of adult children who grew up with parent(s) with disability? (b) What familial, interpersonal and/or personal contexts (if any) have produced a strengths-based retrospection of the experience? Based on an analysis of 13 single interviews, Walsh's family resilience framework was utilized to present the findings. Findings revealed three broad themes that characterize the experience. Overall, children report strengths-based perspectives, describing the family processes that were critical to effective navigation. The experience was also highly contextual and relational, challenging traditional perspectives that have historically prevailed. The study offers research, policy, and clinical implications, directing attention to the need to amplify disability discourses within the field of Family Science.
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Di, Nella Dino. "Familias monoparentales y responsabilidad parental. Análisis sociojurídico." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/665325.
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El objetivo general de esta tesis es efectuar un análisis sociojurídico crítico de las familias monoparentales y la responsabilidad parental, a través de una experiencia de investigación acción participativa para el diseño, implementación y explotación de una Encuesta sobre Monoparentalidad y Diversidad Familiar (EMODIF) en Catalunya. Y sus tres objetivos específicos son, en primer lugar, problematizar el androcentrismo, el adultocentrismo y el clasismo en los abordajes sobre familias monoparentales, reconceptualizando la monoparentalidad y la responsabilidad parental, desde la diversidad familiar, el enfoque feminista y los derechos de la infancia, la adolescencia y la juventud. En segundo lugar, desarrollar una metodología de investigación acción participativa, acorde con la reconceptualización de las familias monoparentales y la responsabilidad parental, para el diseño y aplicación de un instrumento de medición de la diversidad familiar (EMODIF) en Catalunya. Y, en tercer lugar, analizar los resultados específicos obtenidos en la implementación de la EMODIF en Catalunya, con relación a las familias monoparentales y la responsabilidad parental, para contribuir a la reducción de su vaguedad y a su desambiguación.
En cuanto a la metodología investigadora elegida para desarrollar estos objetivos, cabe destacar que incluyó un amplio programa de estudio, movilización social, política y académico-universitaria a nivel local, autonómico y estatal, que incluyó, entre otras acciones, el impulso de investigaciones y programas de divulgación científica y social, con publicaciones, presentaciones y organización de mesas temáticas en congresos y jornadas, participación en programas de radio y televisión, producción de artículos periodísticos, integración de comisiones y mesas de asesoramiento en el ámbito de las políticas públicas, los partidos políticos y los sindicatos, seminarios y cursos de extensión universitaria a la comunidad, jornadas y talleres de trabajo con miembros de asociaciones de familias monoparentales, y participación e impulso de redes sociales, científicas y de conocimientos de experiencias de cogestión y autogestión de grupos de familias monoparentales en torno a sus necesidades, intereses y reivindicaciones.
Esta verdadera “maratón de actividades”, tuvieron como objetivo general dotar de contenido y hacer factible a la investigación acción participativa para esta tesis, con la creación de espacios de encuentro, intercambio, reflexión y debate de todas las personas y grupos que estábamos trabajando en el ámbito de y/o vivenciando las familias monoparentales, ya sea desde la investigación académica, la intervención profesional, el diseño, desarrollo e implementación de políticas públicas o bien desde la propia experiencia de vivir en estos grupos de convivencia familiar. Se trataba de fomentar los análisis multidisciplinares y multisectoriales sobre las familias monoparentales para visibilizar sus realidades y necesidades; abarcar los diversos enfoques posibles, dar cabida a los diferentes sectores implicados -sociales, políticos y profesionales- y, a la vez, permitir el diálogo y la participación recíproca de todos ellos y todas ellas en las discusiones y debates que fueran emergiendo.
Aunque esto se puede hacer de varias maneras, para esta tesis doctoral se optó por hacerlo desde la investigación acción participativa. Lo instrumentamos promoviendo, impulsando, desarrollando e integrando una Línea de Actuación Temática Consolidada sobre Género, Familia y Monoparentalidad (LATC GEFAMO), en el marco de las actividades estables del Grupo Interuniversitario de Investigación, Formación y Asistencia Técnica “COPOLIS Bienestar, Comunidad y Control Social”, y más tarde, también, desde la red TIIFAMO, ámbitos en los cuales se desarrolló esta tesis.
En este marco, la tesis doctoral aporta diversas evidencias teóricas y empíricas a través de las cuales revela el enmascaramiento androcentrista, adultocentrista y clasista de los abordajes habituales de las familias monoparentales y el encabezamiento familiar. También aporta herramientas metodológicas, técnicas y conceptuales para neutralizarlo, mediante el análisis sociojurídico de la responsabilidad parental y los grupos de crianza y convivencia familiar monoparental, desde una perspectiva no androcéntrica, no adultocéntrica y no clasista, basado en el paradigma iushumanista de la diversidad familiar.
A través de su introducción, se contextualiza de forma exhaustiva la estrategia metodológica y los instrumentos técnicos y de diseño de la investigación, que resultaron necesarios para hacer un diálogo plural y participativo sobre las familias monoparentales. Se detalla, en el contexto de la trayectoria del doctorando en la temática, las actividades de investigación, proyectos de investigación I+D y de investigación aplicada, convenios y contratos, actividades y acciones complementarias, seminarios, postgrados y encuentros, simposios internacionales, proyectos de innovación en docencia universitaria, de redes colaborativas y/o de excelencia, y comunicaciones, ponencias y publicaciones que contribuyeron a su desarrollo.
También, se enmarca la discusión y elaboración teórica de la tesis, y la necesidad de una reconceptualización no androcéntrica, adultocéntrica y clasista de las familias monoparentales y la responsabilidad parental como grupos de crianza y cuidados recíprocos especialmente vulnerables a los cierres de exclusión social. Para ello, se presentaron las reflexiones y análisis de la exclusión social y los grupos vulnerables, como encuadre necesario para un estudio de caso sobre familias monoparentales; una prospectiva de la exclusión social del siglo XXI respecto de la comunidad, el mercado y el Estado en España; un análisis de la explotación y los cierres sociales de exclusión; y desde allí, de los grupos de crianza y cuidados y sus indicadores formales de configuración vincular, para finalizar con los grupos de crianza y cuidados monoparentales, sus desafíos y actuales debates.
Estos antecedentes y producción académica son los que permitieron realizar los tres artículos compendiados como capítulos 2, 3 y 4, que son a su vez, resultados globales de esta tesis, con sus aportaciones metodológicas, técnicas y teórico conceptuales.
El aporte metodológico, nos acerca una estrategia de investigación acción participativa, que permite un abordaje no androcéntrico, adultocéntrico y clasista de las familias monoparentales. El aporte técnico instrumental, nos proporciona la Encuesta sobre Monoparentalidad y Diversidad familiar (EMODIF), un instrumento de medición sin sesgos patriarcales, testeado y preparado para su replicación en estudios comparados a nivel internacional. Y el aporte teórico conceptual, nos ofrece una reconceptualización de las familias monoparentales y la responsabilidad parental desde el paradigma de la diversidad familiar, que contribuye a su desambiguación y a la reducción de la vaguedad semántica y sintáctica de las familias monoparentales.
Todo ello, en tanto que resultado global de la tesis, nos presenta una investigación acción participativa para el diseño y aplicación de un instrumento técnico que, a la vez de cotejar su capacidad de replicabilidad, ha permitido observar los resultados de aplicar la EMODIF en Catalunya. Y con eso, comprobar el sesgo androcéntrico, adultocéntrico y clasista que le subyace a las habituales aproximaciones de las monoparentalidades desde el encabezamiento familiar. También se comprueba la capacidad de desvelarlas que tiene el abordaje sociojurídico de las familias monoparentales y la responsabilidad parental propuesto, a través del análisis diferenciado de su titularidad, ejercicio y régimen de convivencia formal y material.
Se observa también que, como categoría analítica, la guarda y custodia jurídicamente atribuida por mandato legal presunto o decisión judicial debe distinguirse -para visualizar sus diferencias- de la guarda y custodia material, fáctica, práctica y cotidianamente desarrollada.
Por último, cabe destacar la operatividad de considerar el carácter principal o preponderante que adquiere la gestión asimétrica de las funciones, tiempos, tareas y cuidados recíprocos cuando es efectuado por las mujeres en sus grupos de convivencia y crianza habitual, según la edad infantil o adolescente de los hijos/as y la clase social baja, media o alta de la responsable, como forma de desvelar el androcentrismo, el adultocentrismo y los cierres sociales de exclusión clasista. En este sentido, se comprueba el cierre social excluyente inter e intraclase que padecen las familias monomarentales con personas en edad infantil y personas adultas de clase baja, respecto de las otras monoparentalidades que adquieren mayor visibilización, relevamiento estadístico y autonomía en sus estrategias de supervivencia y bienestar.
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Temple, Meredith E. "The influence of age, parental education level, and parenting style on children's understanding of their nurturance and self-determination rights." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0001/MQ40677.pdf.
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Wilhelmus, Maria. "A content analysis of parent narratives in termination of parental rights trials : emergent themes on the legal loss of children /." The Ohio State University, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488186329501519.
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Turner, Chase Parker. "Child Abuse, Racism and the State." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/philosophy_theses/47.
Full textAbstract:
Using a Millian framework, this thesis examines whether or not children are victims of child abuse when they are inculcated with racist belief systems. The conclusion is that children are not harmed and so not the victims of child abuse, but instead are badly parented.
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Büchele, Sandra. "The protection of transfrontier access rights : a comparative analysis of the relevant international legal frameworks." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82655.
Full textAbstract:
"Internal globalization" has become a common phenomenon which, among other things, has increased the number of mixed-national couples due to the greater mobility of people and the globalization of trade and commerce. Unanticipated difficulties can follow from the breakdown of such relationships for both children and parents if the custodial parent leaves the family's former habitual residence with the child. This is especially true for the left-behind parent.The starting point for this study was the discussion among experts as to whether an Additional Protocol to the 1980 Child Abduction Convention might resolve the inherent weak protection of access rights. To answer this question concerning the necessity of such an Additional Protocol, this thesis provides an overview of the relevant existing and future international legal frameworks that address child protection and parental responsibilities and shows the evolution in child law from a formerly neglected issue to a high-profile topic. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Maboe, Tshose Phillip. "Educational law basis for parental involvement in the school system / T.P. Maboe." Thesis, North-West University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/632.
Full textAbstract:
The rights and responsibilities of parents are viewed very seriously in South
Africa in that they are emphasised by the Act of Parliament. The South
African Schools Act, No 84 of 1996, places the governance of every school in
the hands of parents. The parents are in this way required to perform their
roles within the orbit of this Act of parliament. This study is therefore directed
at analysing the Schools Act and those sections of the law are discussed
which have a direct bearing on the responsibilities and the rights of parents
when involved with the school. A comparison is drawn between the national
determinants of yesteryears regulating parental involvement as well as the
new paradigm statutes regulating parental involvement in the school system.
The findings of the literature study led to the empirical study. A questionnaire
on this study comprising 46 items was developed. The subjects of this study
were made up of 150 parents in the Lichtenburg District of the Department of
Education in the North-West Province. The results of 137 respondents were
statistically analysed. The study revealed that parents lack knowledge on the
statutes relating to their involvement in the schools. Also, there are no
measures taken by the schools to capacitate the parents to understand and
apply the laws correctly. Finally, parents are not performing their roles
adequately as is expected by the law. The findings of this study led to the
recommendations on how parents could be helped to do what the law
requires.Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.
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Saukila, Walhalha Sphiwe. "Overcoming Parental Consent: How can International Human Rights Law be used to Protect a Child’s Right to Health in Childhood Immunization Cases?" Master's thesis, Faculty of Law, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/11427/31713.
Full textAbstract:
Children have the right to preventive medical treatment and interventions that serve their best
interests. In the case of minors, this right is exercised by the parent or legal guardian with hopes that they will exercise their responsibility positively. Over the years however, this right has been challenged by an increasing number of parents withholding consent to immunize their children against some deadly diseases for one reason or another. This has led to a conflict between parental consent and the child’s right to health and resolving this conflict is an issue of law. Childhood immunizations are the first line of defence for a child and as such, should be considered a basic human right that needs to be protected. By denying this right to the child, it infringes on that child’s right to health and right to life. This should not be the case as international human rights law demands the protection of society’s most vulnerable members, especially children.
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Hughes, Byron. "A qualitative study of the perceptions and attitudes of parents regarding parental notification in higher education." Virtual Press, 2002. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1236577.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to examine the attitudes and perceptions of parents through an assessment of their feelings concerning parental notification polices. Participants in this study were selected from a sampling pool of parents that were members of parent associations at 64 college and university campuses throughout the country identified as having a parental notification policy.The project consisted of 5 parents from midwestern universities that were asked a variety of questions concerning: the child's collegiate development, benefits of parental notification, the role of the federal government, and financial dependence stipulations.The interpretation of qualitative data revealed that parents were in favor of parental notification policies and saw the implementation of these policies as a positive step by universities to utilize parental involvement in curbing student misconduct.Department of Educational Studies
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Juška, Mindaugas. "Ar vaiko tėvas, su vaiko mama gyvenantis skyriumi ir neauginanatis vaiko, privalo atsakyti už nepilnamečio vaiko padarytą žalą?" Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110623_154612-79315.
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Autorius pastebi, kad viena mažiausiai reglamentuotų deliktinės atsakomybės problemų, skyrium gyvenančio tėvo atsakomybės už nepilnamečio vaiko padarytą žalą problema. Būtent šis atvejis teisės aktuose reglamentuojamas mažai, jo taikymas problemiškas, kadangi bet koks sprendimas neišvengiamai gali būti pamatinių teisinės atsakomybės normų pažeidimu. Darbo tyrimui autorius iškelia šį tikslą ir uždavinius:
Darbo objektas – skyrium gyvenančio ir neauginančio vaiko tėvo teisinės atsakomybės ribos.
Hipotezė: Skyrium gyvenantis ir neauginantis vaiko tėvas neprivalo atsakyti už vaiko padarytą žalą..
Darbo tikslas- išanalizuoti skyrium gyvenančio ir vaiko neauginančio tėvo atsakomybės ribas.
Uždaviniai:
a)Išanalizuoti teisines doktrinas, reglamentuojančias tėvų atsakomybės ypatumus bendrosios teisės ir civilinės teisės sistemų valstybėse.
b)Aptarti tėvo pareigą atlyginti vaiko padarytą žalą esant tėvo ir vaiko atskyrimo, tėvų valdžios apribojimo ir separacijos atvejams .
c) Išanalizuoti teisės aktų nuostatas ,įtakojančias skyrium gyvenančio tėvo atsakomybę už nepilnamečio veiksmus.
Aptardamas šią problemą, autorius analizuoja situaciją kitose šalyse .Bandoma nustatyti bendruosius dėsningumus bendrosios bei kontinentinės teisės sistemų valstybėse. Pastebima, kad bendrosios teisės sistemos valstybėse vienareikšmiškai galioja asmeninės atsakomybės principas. Tai yra tėvas kaltas tiek kiek jie tiesiogiai nusižengė ar prisidėjo prie to, kad žala būtų padaryta. Kontinentinės teisės... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Parental liability is one of the most problematical aspects of tort liability cases. In most lows in the world is written that both parents are liable for the damages made by their child. There is no information about individual liability of child’s father or mother. Especially this problem becomes important then parents live separately. Then we have a question is child’s father who does not live together with his child liable for the torts and minors made by his child. This problem becomes complicated when father did all he could to help his child to act legally. But on the other hand, if we presume that according these circumstances father is not liable, we can breach victims’ rights. Main rule of civil liability is damages compensation for the victim. This dilemma is important in our days because there is big number of juvenile crimes. Civil liability for juvenile crimes is taken by parents or institution which supervises the juvenile at the time when tort is made. Under these circumstances we need stronger regulation of subjects liability limits. The object of the work is liability limits of father who lives separately and does not take care about this child for the torts made by his child. Hypothesis: Father who lives separately and does not take care about this child is liable for the torts made by his child. Purpose of the work is to analyze the limits of liability of the father who lives separately and does not take care about his child. The following tasks are... [to full text]
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Mesnil, Marie. "Repenser le droit de la reproduction au prisme du projet parental." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB217.
Full textAbstract:
À partir de la notion de projet parental, nous souhaitons déconstruire, en droit, l'assignation des femmes aux questions reproductives. En effet, le corpus juridique relatif à la reproduction participe à la perpétuation des stéréotypes de genre et en particulier, ceux liés à la division sexuée du travail. Le projet parental est une notion qui a émergé avec les techniques reproductives. Pour autant, l'analyse du cadre relatif aux techniques de PMA montre de quelle manière celui-ci renforce les stéréotypes de genre. Les conditions d'accès aux méthodes de PMA sont empreintes de naturalisme et une comparaison entre le droit français et le droit suisse montre le caractère construit de ces références constantes à la nature. L'établissement du lien de la filiation renforce le cadre naturaliste : d'un côté, la filiation est établie pour les projets parentaux réalisés dans le cadre légal selon les règles du droit commun et renforce la différenciation des fondements à la filiation selon le sexe du parent ; de l'autre, les projets parentaux qui s'écartent du cadre naturaliste sont relégués aux marges du droit de la filiation, même s'ils doivent aujourd'hui être reconnus sous la pression du législateur en matière de PMA et de la CEDH concernant la GPA. En dépit de l'état actuel du droit, la notion de projet parental pourrait promouvoir au sein du droit de la reproduction l'égalité entre les sexes et la liberté reproductive. En prenant appui sur le principe d'égalité entre les sexes et la liberté reproductive nous proposons de faire évoluer le droit de la reproduction, afin qu'il y ait davantage d'autonomie et d'égalité, tant en matière de filiation que d'accès aux actes médicaux non thérapeutiques en matière de reproduction que sont l'IVG, la contraception, la stérilisation et la PMA. Nous préconisons en particulier de modifier le droit commun de la filiation en y intégrant les techniques de PMA et en faisant de la volonté le fondement principal de l'établissement de la filiation. La promotion de l'autonomie reproductive lors de la mise en œuvre des droits reproductifs se traduit par un renforcement des droits des usagers du système de santé en matière de reproduction. À travers l'exemple du droit de la reproduction, nous montrons in fine de quelle manière le droit peut contribuer à favoriser au sein de la société l'autonomie des individus et l'égalité entre les sexesStarting from the concept of "parental project", we aim to deconstruct the traditional roles of women in reproductive matters from a legal standpoint. Gender stereotypes, especially those related to gendered division of labour, are indeed sustained by the current reproductive legal framework. The parental project is a concept introduced by law regulating the new reproductive technologies and yet, the analysis of legal aspects of medically assisted reproduction (MAR) stresses how gender stereotypes are in fact strengthened. The legal criteria to access MAR methods are defined based on Nature and comparing French and Swiss legal frameworks shows there are no fixed rules and thus, that references to Nature are not unbiased. Moreover, when it comes to rules of filiation, the naturalistic framework is further reinforced: on the one hand, when the parental project is carried out within the legal framework, filiation is established based on general law, corroborating the gendered legal basis of filiation; on the other hand, parental projects outside of the naturalistic framework are marginalized, and if nowadays filiation should also be recognized for children born in such conditions, it is only because of legal and jurisprudential developments. In spite of this, we think that the concept of "parental project" should promote, within the legal framework of reproduction, both gender equality and reproductive autonomy. Based on the principle of sex-equality and reproductive autonomy, our proposals aim to change dispositions regarding filiation and reproductive medical acts so that they could improve gender equality and reproductive autonomy. In particular, MAR should be addressed by the general law of filiation in order to make of will the main basis of parentage. Likewise, promoting autonomy in reproductive medical acts cannot proceed without rights of the health care users. Finally this research in reproductive law could be seen as a striking example of how law could foster gender equality and individual autonomy in society
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Bare, Christian. "The Undisclosed Dangers of Parental Sharing on Social Media: A Content Analysis of Sharenting Images on Instagram." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3732.
Full textAbstract:
Sharenting is a new term used to define the action of parents posting about their children online. Social media provides parents with an easy to use outlet for image distribution to all family and friends that simultaneously archives the images into a digital baby book. While convenient, once publicly posted anyone can gain access to the images of the children. Instagram is a favorable social media channel for sharenting. A popular hashtag on Instagram, #letthembelittle, contains 8 million posts dedicated to child imagery. A set of 300 randomly selected images under the hashtag were coded. Images tended to contain personal information such as the child’s name, age, and location. Communication Privacy Management and Uses and Gratifications theories provided the theoretical frameworks for this study. The results suggested a possibly dangerous pattern of parental oversharing that could negatively impact the child and the child’s safety.
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Beyl, Aletta Elsabe. "A critical analysis of Section 21 of the Children's Act 38 of 2005 with specific reference to the parental responsibilities and rights of unmarried fathers." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40608.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this dissertation is to establish if the unmarried father has been placed in a better position regarding his rights to his child with the advent of the Children’s Act 38 of 2005. Prior to the commencement of the Children’s Act a number of different sets of legislation encompassed the unmarried father’s position. The unmarried father could not automatically acquire any rights to his child and had to prove that it would be in the child’s best interests to be allowed contact.
The study was done on the basis of an analysis of the interaction of the unmarried father’s rights with the child’s rights, as well as the interaction of their rights with the Constitution. An analysis was also made of the manner in which the Bill of Rights in the Constitution should be applied with respect to the relationship between parents, their children and the state. From the study it was found that the unmarried father’s rights interlink closely with those of his child and the state. It was established that the Bill of Rights must be applied both horizontally and vertically and that the primary duty rests on the parents and only passes to the state if the parents are unable to perform their primary duties to the child. It was further established from the study that a limitation on the parent’s right to equality is only justified in terms of section 36 of the Constitution by the child’s overriding right to have meaningful relationships with both parents.
A comparison was made with the relevant legislation of some African and non-African countries to establish if South Africa could learn something from their child law legislation. An analysis was also done of those sections of the Children’s Act that interact with section 21. From this analysis it was clear that many sections and phrases in the Children’s Act are unclear, undefined and open to interpretation. In this regard certain amendments to the Children’s Act are suggested in the study.
It is submitted in this study that even though the Children’s Act codified legislation pertaining to children and the unmarried father may acquire parental responsibilities and rights, the improved position is superficial and subject to obstacles. The unmarried father needs to fullfil certain requirements in order to acquire his parental responsibilities and rights, as provided for in section 21(1). One of the main problems of this section is that it does not provide for any form of proof to be provided to the unmarried father to confirm or indicate that he has acquired responsibilities and rights. Even though the mother has these rights simply because of her biological link to the child, she is hardly ever placed in the position where her parental responsibilities and rights are questioned by third parties. This is not the position with the unmarried father. He is firstly placed in a disadvantaged position because he has no way to show that he is the holder of rights and secondly he is being discriminated against, simply because he is placed in this position.
It was concluded in this study that despite the improved position of unmarried fathers, their position has only prima facie improved and they really should be placed in the same position as mothers. It is submitted that if the same rights mothers have are also afforded to unmarried fathers, it would be to the benefit of their children and their right to parental care and family life.Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
gm2014
Private Law
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Ngabirano, Bareebe Rosemary. "Alternative sentencing of parent offenders and implications on the rights of the child in Uganda's criminal justice system." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/8002.
Full textAbstract:
This research seeks to demonstrate the need for alternative forms of sentencing in the Uganda criminal justice system with a specific focus on the use of community service. Approaching community service
as a child protection strategy in sentencing parent offenders would be a positive step in addressing issues of child neglect and attendant problems. The study seeks to: (1) Analyse the impact of parental incarceration on children (2) Make a specific inquiry into the use of community service orders as an alternative to
imprisonment in Uganda (3) Illustrate that approaching community service as a child protection strategy in sentencing parent
offenders would be a positive step in addressing issues of child neglect and attendant problems (4) Make recommendations for a new course of action that will highlight and be aimed at preventing the abuse of childrenThesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa))--University of Pretoria, 2008.
Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Dr Atangcho Nji Akonumbo, Université Catholique D’Afrique Centrale Yaoundé Cameroun
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
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Lim, Hye-Young. "Legally recognising child-headed households through a rights-based approach : the case of South Africa." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25615.
Full textAbstract:
Focusing on the rights of children who are deprived of their family environment and remain in child-headed households in the context of the HIV epidemic in Africa cannot be more relevant at present as the continent faces a significant increase in the number of children who are left to fend for themselves due to the impact of the epidemic. The impact of the epidemic is so severe that it is likened to an armed conflict. In sub-Saharan Africa, an estimated 22.4 million people are living with HIV, and in 2008 alone, 2 million people died of AIDS-related illnesses. Such massive loss of human lives is itself a tragedy. However, the repercussions of the epidemic suffered by children may be less visible, yet are just as far-reaching, and in all likelihood longer lasting in their effects. Initially, it appeared that children were only marginally affected by the epidemic. Unfortunately, it is now clear that children are at the heart of the epidemic. In sub-Saharan Africa, an estimated 14 million children lost their parents to AIDS-related illnesses and an unimaginable number of children consequently find themselves in deepened poverty. Traditionally, children who are deprived of their family environment in Africa have been cared for by extended families. However, the HIV epidemic has dramatically affected the demography of many African societies. As the epidemic continues to deplete resources of the affected families and communities, extended families and communities find it more and more difficult to provide adequate care to the increasing number of children who are deprived of parental care. As a result, more and more children are taking care of themselves in child-headed households. The foremost responsibility of states with regards to children who are deprived of parental care is to support families and communities so that they are able to provide adequate care to children in need of care, thereby preventing children from being deprived of their family environment. While strengthening families and communities, as required by articles 20 of the Convention of the Rights of the Child and 25 of the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, as well as other international guidelines such as the 2009 UN Guidelines for the Alternative Care of Children, states also have the responsibility to provide ‘special protection and assistance’ to children who are already deprived of their family environment and are living in child-headed households. The important question is how to interpret the right to alternative care, and special protection and assistance, with respect to children in child-headed households. The study examines the international standards and norms regarding children who are deprived of their family environment including children in child-headed households and explores the ways those children are supported and protected in South Africa, against the background of related developments in a number of different African countries, including Namibia, Southern Sudan and Uganda. In 2002, the South African Law Reform Commission made the important recommendation that child-headed households should be legally recognised. The Children’s Amendment Act (No 41 of 2007), which amended the comprehensive Children’s Act (No 38 of 2005) gave effect to this recommendation by legally recognising child-headed households under prescribed conditions. It is a bold step to strengthen the protection and assistance given to children in child-headed households. However, child-headed households should not be legally recognised unless all the necessary protection and assistance measures are effectively put in place. In order to design and implement the measures of protection and assistance to children in child-headed households, a holistic children’s rights-based approach should be a guiding light. A rights-based approach, which articulates justiciable rights, establishes a link between the entitlement of children as rights-holders and legal obligations of states as duty-bearers. States have the primary responsibility to provide appropriate protection and assistance to children who are deprived of their family environment. This is a legal obligation of states, not a charitable action. A rights-based approach is further important in that it ensures that both the process of mitigation strategies and the outcome of such efforts are firmly based on human rights standards. The study argues that legal recognition should be given to child-headed household only after a careful evaluation based on the international standards with regard to children deprived of their family environment. It further argues that measures of ‘special protection and assistance’ should be devised and implemented using a rights-based approach respecting, among others, children’s rights to non-discrimination, to participation and to have their best interests given a priority.Thesis (LLD)--University of Pretoria, 2009.
Centre for Human Rights
unrestricted
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Forsman, Maria. "Rättsliga ingripanden vid föräldrars våld och övergrepp mot barn." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-68837.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis concerns two pathways for legal intervention in cases of suspected child abuse at the hands of parents. One pathway is based on social law, where society's utmost tool is child protective custody. The other pathway is criminal law, where the abuse is investigated and enforced as a criminal offence. Sometimes only one of these pathways becomes relevant, sometimes both. The purpose of the thesis is to examine and analyse the regulatory framework and its practical application, and to highlight what the two pathways of intervention can accomplish in relation to the child victim's rights and interests. In the case of child abuse, the (legal) relationship between parents and children - and between children, parents and society - is brought to a head. The study demonstrates that many complex legal issues arise when the person subjecting the child to violence and abuse is the same person who under family law answers for the child's protection, care and representation. It is inter alia noted that the concept "best interests of the child" is interpreted somewhat freely, which can risk overriding the legal rights of the child victim. It is concluded that, in order to secure the child victim's legal protection, the regulation needs many small enhancements, each tailored to the problem conditions.
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Cardoso, Daniel João Rocha. "A gestão de recursos humanos e o direito à desconexão." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20852.
Full textAbstract:
Mestrado em Gestão de Recursos HumanosO direito à desconexão é um tema que tem sido debatido um pouco por todo o mundo. Todavia, não existem alterações e ajustamentos adequados aos tempos de trabalho nas profissões. Logo, cria-se um fosso enorme entre a vida profissional e a vida pessoal das pessoas. Assim, o presente estudo visa, fundamentalmente, sensibilizar os interessados para esta temática. Procura contribuir ativamente para um movimento que permita criar medidas legislativas que possibilitem um equilíbrio entre a atividade profissional e a harmonia no seio familiar.
The right to disconnect is a topic that has been debated frequently around the world. However, there have been no appropriate adjustments to working hours. Therefore, creating a huge gap between people's professional and personal lives. The present study aims to raise awareness among those interested about the subject, actively seeking to contribute to a movement that allows the creation of legislative initiatives that enable the balance between professional activity and harmony with family life.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Patiño, Ana Paula Corrêa. "Intervenção estatal no exercício da autoridade familiar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2131/tde-26032013-110151/.
Full textAbstract:
A família é a base da sociedade, conforme expressa disposição contida na Constituição Federal de 1988, que lhe assegura especial proteção do Estado. É o núcleo familiar a menor e mais íntima célula social, mas também o mais importante agrupamento de pessoas que têm entre si uma profunda relação afetiva e de solidariedade. Tão importantes são os laços de afetividade que unem os familiares que a lei lhes atribui valor e eficácia jurídica. Dentro do núcleo familiar, as crianças e adolescentes que contam com menos de 18 anos de idade, são consideradas mais vulneráveis e, por tal motivo, recebem proteção especial, ainda mais específica do Estado. A Constituição Federal lhes assegura vários direitos e garantias fundamentais, confirmados e reiterados no Código Civil, no Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente e, até mesmo em leis infraconstitucionais esparsas. É dever da família, da sociedade e do Estado assegurar à criança e ao adolescente, com absoluta prioridade os direitos fundamentais estabelecidos na Constituição Federal. O Estado, por sua vez, diante da importância que os menores têm dentro da família e para nossa sociedade, impõe aos pais a autoridade familiar, delegando a eles a enorme responsabilidade de dirigir a criação e educação dos filhos, entre outras funções tão igualmente importantes. Entretanto, ao mesmo tempo que atribui a função da autoridade familiar aos pais, o Estado também lhes retira a liberdade de exercer tal autoridade com autonomia. A intervenção estatal no exercício da autoridade familiar é, por certo, legítima e devida, tendo em vista a segurança e o bem estar das crianças e dos adolescentes. Os abusos na direção da criação e educação dos filhos podem e devem ser coibidos pelo poder estatal, a quem incumbe cuidar da segurança de todos os indivíduos. A excessiva intervenção estatal, porém, é ilegítima, podendo gerar consequências desastrosas nas relações familiares e na criação dos filhos. Ao esvaziar a autoridade familiar o Estado torna mais difícil ainda a função de disciplinar e exigir obediência dos filhos. O Estado deve ser atuante e efetivamente intervir no exercício da autoridade familiar da maneira como faz atualmente, apenas para fiscalizar e coibir eventuais abusos, mas não deve retirar a autoridade dos pais, sob pena de não conseguir conter os abusos eventualmente cometidos pelos próprios menores, demasiadamente protegidos. O Projeto de lei n° 7672/2010, em trâmite na Câmara dos Deputados, que pretende alterar o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente, para coibir a aplicação de castigos corporais ou de tratamento cruel ou degradante pelos pais na criação e educação dos filhos, conhecido como Lei da Palmada, é um exemplo da intervenção indevida do Estado nas relações familiares. A obrigatoriedade de matricular os filhos no ensino fundamental, submetendo-os à educação formal, impedindo que os próprios pais ofereçam a educação doméstica também é outro exemplo de intervenção estatal indevida. Deve-se buscar um equilíbrio para que os pais possam livremente criar e educar seus filhos sem abusos e que o Estado possa fiscalizar o exercício da função a eles atribuída, sem intervir diretamente na autoridade familiar.Society is founded on families. In an explicit provision of the 1988 Constitution, the law ensures that the State safeguards families. While a family may be characterized as the smallest and most intimate social cell, it is also the most important gathering of people, sharing a deep and emotional relationship, as well as solidarity. These ties of affection that bond families together are so important that the law grants them value and legal efficacy. Within the family, children and adolescents who are under 18 years old are considered to be the most vulnerable and, therefore, receive special protection, secured by specific rules. The Federal Constitution thus ensures that various fundamental rights and guarantees are provided to them, something that is reaffirmed in the Civil Code, in the Statute of Children and Adolescents, and even in sparse legislation. It is the duty of the family, the society and the State to make sure that children and adolescents come first when it comes to the fundamental rights established in the Constitution. Taking into account the importance that children have within the family and within society, the State delegates \"family authority\" to parents, the enormous responsibility to guide the upbringing and education of children, among other functions as equally important. However, while assigning such role to parents, the State also withdraws them the freedom to exercise this authority with complete autonomy. Aiming at guaranteeing the safety and welfare of children and adolescents, government intervention in the exercise of family authority is thus legitimate and appropriate. Abuses carried out by parents while raising and educating their children can and should be restrained by the State, who is ultimately responsible for caring for the safety of all individuals. Excessive state intervention, however, is illegitimate, and can generate disastrous consequences for family relationships and parenting. When the government empties family authority, it may turn the task of disciplining children into something more difficult than it already is. It is our belief that the State must actively intervene in the exercise of family authority, monitoring and curbing abuses, but it must do so in a way that does not withdraw the authority of parents, or it will fail to control abuses eventually committed by children and adolescents themselves, overly protected. Draft Law No. 7672/2010, currently awaiting approval from the House of Representatives, seeks to amend the Statute of Children and Adolescents. If passed, the Statute would forbid parents to use any kind of punishment that may be deemed cruel or degrading treatment, while upbringing and educating their children. Widely known as the \"Spanking Statute\", this is a clear example of undue state intervention in family relationships. Another provision that we question here is the obligation to enroll children in elementary school, subjecting them to formal education, and preventing home schooling. We must seek balance so that parents may freely raise and educate their children. And while the State must be allowed to scrutinize the proper exercise of parenting, it must not do so in a way that directly affects and undermines family authority.
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Žalnieriūnas, Linas. "Nusikalstamų veikų vaikui ir šeimai kvalifikavimo teorinės ir praktinės problemos." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110124_131528-17903.
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Magistro baigiamajame darbe išanalizuotos ir įvertintos pasirinktos nusikalstamos veikos vaikui ir šeimai bei jų kvalifikavimo teorinės ir praktinės problemos. Pirmajame darbo skyriuje analizuojamas vaikas ir šeima, kaip baudžiamojo įstatymo saugomos vertybės. Pateikiama vaiko ir šeimos samprata pasirinktų nusikalstamų veikų atžvilgiu. Antrajame darbo skyriuje analizuojamos dvi XXIII skyriaus veikos, - piktnaudžiavimas tėvų, globėjo ar rūpintojo arba kitų teisėtų vaiko atstovų teisėmis ar pareigomis (BK 163 str.), ir vengimas išlaikyti vaiką (BK 164 str.). Skyriuje nagrinėjami pasirinktų nusikalstamų veikų sudėties požymiai, pateikiami kvalifikavimo probleminiai momentai, teisingos kvalifikacijos siūlymai. Naudojami teismų praktikos pavyzdžiai bei aptariamos problemos, su kuriomis susiduriama kvalifikuojant veikas teismuose.This Master’s Thesis solely analyzes two types of legal criminal acts chosen by the author. The examined criminal acts are as follow: The Abuse of the Rights and Obligations of Parents, Guardian or Any Other Legal Representative of a Child (LR BK 163 str.) and Child Support Evasion (LR BK 164 str.). The Master’s thesis presents the analysis of child and family protection ensured by legal criminal acts. It also provides the concept of the child and family according to the chosen criminal acts. Thus the main Children’s Rights and Fundamental Freedoms as well as violation of them are taken into consideration as the main cause of Article incrimination. The paper analyzes in depth the constituent elements of chosen criminal acts as well as enlists problematic points of qualification and suggests right legal qualification. This thesis is based on examples of case law and the results of the research done by the author.
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Cunha, Alexandre dos Santos. "Poder familiar e capacidade de exercício de crianças e adolescentes." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/61781.
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La définition d’autorité familiale et de la capacité d’exercer des droits, pour les enfants, sont deux thèmes chers au Droit civil ; ils sont aussi interconnectés et historiquement complémentaires. Ces deux constructions juridiques ont récemment subi l’impacte considérable de la dépatrimonialisation, un processus qui a atteint les relations juridiques privées ; et de la création d’un sous-système juridique autonome dans la législation brésilienne, celui concernant le Droit de l’enfant. Ces résultats peuvent d’abord être considérés comme antinomiques et contradictoires. L’objectif central de cette thèse est de problématiser l’adéquation des constructions juridiques de l’autorité familiale et de la capacité d’exercice de droits, pour les enfants, dans le système juridique du Brésil. Afin de mener à bout cette analyse, on fera un effort relationnel, tout en employant une herméneutique d’intégration, pour mettre en conformité la dogmatique contemporaine des relations de parenté. Avec ces objectifs, nous avons fondamentalement abordé les thèmes du statut juridique, de l’attribution de la capacité, et de l’exercice des situations juridiques par les enfants.O poder familiar e a capacidade de exercício das crianças e adolescentes são temas conexos e tradicionais do Direito Civil. Historicamente complementares, esses institutos jurídicos vêm ambos sofrendo um forte impacto do processo de despatrimonialização das relações jurídicas privadas e da construção do Direito da Criança e do Adolescente como um micro-sistema jurídico autônomo, o que resulta num quadro aparentemente antinômico e contraditório. Problematizar a adequação dos regimes jurídicos do poder familiar e da capacidade de exercício das crianças e adolescentes no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, realizando um esforço relacional e uma hermenêutica integradora que permitam a conformação de uma dogmática das relações parentais contemporâneas, é o objetivo central da presente tese. Para tanto, abordam-se fundamentalmente os temas do estatuto jurídico, da atribuição da capacidade e do exercício das situações jurídicas pelas crianças e adolescentes.
Defining parental authority and the capacity of children to exercise rights are two traditional themes of Private Law; they are also interconnected and historically complementary. These two juridical constructs have recently reflected the strong impact of the process of depatrimonialization undergone by private law relations, as well as the creation of an autonomous legal subsystem of Brazilian law concerning children. Apparently, these results might seem antinomic and contradictory. The central aim of this thesis is to problematize the appropriateness of the legal constructs of parental authority and the capacity of children to exercise rights in the Brazilian legal system, making a relational effort, and applying integrating hermeneutics, in order to bring to conformity the dogmatic of contemporary parental relations. With this aim, we have basically approached the themes of the legal status, the attribution of capacity, and the exercise of rights by children.
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Winter, N. A. "Change in juvenile justice policy : implications for rights and responsibilities : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Social Science at Lincoln University /." Diss., Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1286.
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Changes in juvenile justice are often attributed to increases in offending and media attention to crime. A "cycle" of reforms, which alternate between punitive and treatment type responses has been identified. This study explores the possibility that wider socio-political events also have implications for reforms. Nations in which welfare and juvenile justice systems are highly integrated, may exhibit different patterns of policy change than those observed elsewhere. Changes in juvenile justice policy in New Zealand and Sweden are examined. The implications of policy change for the rights and responsibilities of those involved in the juvenile justice system are also examined. This includes the State, juvenile offenders and their parents and the victims of crime. Particular attention is given to the status of parental rights.
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Peldius, Maria, and Tatiana Stafeichuk. "Det allmänna barnbidraget : Föräldrarförvaltning eller gåva?" Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Rättsvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-23897.
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Sammanfattning Den som är under arton år är omyndig, vilket innebär att denne inte får råda över sina tillgångar och ingå avtal med bindande verkan enligt FB 9 kap. 1§. Vanligtvis är den omyndiges föräldrar både vårdnadshavare och förmyndare för sitt barn. Det är förmyndares ansvar att förvalta barnets tillgångar. Överstiger värdet på dessa tillgångar åtta gånger prisbasbelopp eller har tillgångar ett särskilt ursprung och karaktär enligt FB 13 kap. 2§, står föräldraförvaltningen under överförmyndarens tillsyn. Det ger ett sakrättsligt skydd för barnets egendom i situationer när föräldrarna har råkat på utmätning eller konkurs. Understiger tillgångar denna gräns eller saknas krav på särskild överförmyndarkontroll står det föräldrarna fritt att bestämma hur de tillgångarna kan användas eller placeras enligt FB 13 kap. 1§. Dock stadgas det i FB 13 kap. 1 och 7§§ att barnets tillgångar skall hållas separat och det som inte används för barnets behov skall göras räntebärande. Föräldrar har underhållsplikt för sina barn enligt FB 7 kap. 1§ efter vad som är skäligt med hänsyn till barnets behov och föräldrarnas samlade ekonomiska förmåga samt den omyndiges tillgångar och sociala förmåner. Staten tilldelar varje barn bosatt i Sverige det allmänna barnbidraget. Bidraget är avsett för barnets uppfostran och uppehälle men utbetalas till barnets vårdnadshavare. Hur det allmänna barnbidraget skall användas står föräldrarna fritt så länge barnets behov är tillgodosedd. Storleken på det allmänna barnbidraget täcker endast en del av de kostnader som det innebär att ha ett barn i familjen. Detta är för att föräldrar har det primära försörjningsansvaret, medan statens ansvar är sekundärt. Föräldrar har således dispositionsrätt över det allmänna barnbidraget och kan välja att antingen använda hela beloppet eller att placera det på ett separat bankkonto för att säkra barnets ekonomi i framtiden. På vilket sätt hanteras detta konto avgör om tillgodohavandet kan sakrättsligt skyddas mot föräldrarnas borgenärer vid utmätningsärenden.Abstract A person under the age of eighteen is underage, which means that he cannot reign over his own assets and cannot conclude legally binding agreements according to FB 9 chapter 1§. Usually it's the parents that have custody and guardianship of their child. It is the guardian's responsibility to manage the child's assets. If the value of the assets exceeds the eight base amount or if the assets have a particular origin (inheritance, legacy or gift) or character according to FB 13 chapter 2§ then parents conduct is the subject of the overguardian’s supervision. It obtains protection for the child's property against parents’ creditors in situations when parents are facing foreclosure or bankruptcy. If the underaged’s assets value is below that limit or if there’s no requirements for overguardian’s supervision, the parents can freely determine how these assets can be used or place money into a bank account according to the FB 13 chapter 1§. However, FB 13 chapter 1 and 7§§ requires that the child's assets shall be separated from parents property and what isn’t used for the child's needs shall bring interests. Parents have a duty of alimony for their children as stated by FB 7 chapter 1§ out of consideration for child’s reasonable needs and parents' overall economic capacity along with the child's own assets and social benefits. The state assigns each child resident in Sweden the universal child allowance which is intended for the child's upbringing and living expenses, but it is paid to the child's guardian. The parents decide freely way the universal child allowance is to be used, as long as the child's needs are satisfied. The amount of the universal child allowance covers only a part of the costs of having a child in the family. This is because the parents have the primary maintenance obligation, while the state's responsibility is secondary. Parents thus have disposition over the universal child allowance and may choose to spend either the whole amount for the child's needs or to place the amount in a separate bank account to secure the child's economy in the future. The way this account is managed determines whether the money can be protected against parental creditors at execution issues.
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Andersson, Amanda, and Ina Nilsson. "Föräldrars rätt till sina barn eller barns rätt till sina föräldrar? : En kvalitativ studie om socialsekreterares arbete i ärenden med barn som upplever våld där socialtjänstlagen inte räcker till." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-95890.
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Children who experience violence is one aspect of the work of social secretaries and is a complex assignment in their work. The purpose of this essay has been to understand how social secretaries describe their work within their discretion on children who experience violence. More specifically focus has been on cases where there is a lack of consent to voluntary interventions according to the Social Services Act and when compulsory care is not possible. Previous research about this specific situation is limited which makes this study necessary. The questions of this study had a focus on how social secretaries use their discretion in these cases, which challenges they meet in their work and also their reasoning on today´s legislation regarding children who experience violence. The method of this study has been qualitative semi-structured interviews with five social secretaries in three different municipalities in Sweden. Our results have been analysed with previous research and two theoretic starting-points, discretion and caring power. This study shows that knowledge about children who experience violence is an important part in the work of social secretaries and is a crucial factor in children’s right to protection. It also shows that parental rights to refuse interventions is a major aspect that prevents the possibilities of social secretaries to protect children who experience violence which the social secretaries describe as a difficult challenge. Another difficult challenge described was when parents deny that their children are experiencing violence and there is a lack of proof in the same time. The social secretaries in this study expressed a wish to have a possibility in the law to force parents of children who experience violence to receive interventions even though there is a lack of consent.
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Razafimahatratra, Honoré. "L'éducation chrétienne des enfants à la Réunion : droits et devoirs des parents à la lumière du Code de droit canonique de 1983." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020STRAK007.
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Aucun être humain ne peut se passer d’éducation car elle permet de développer ses aptitudes physiques, morales et intellectuelles. La finalité de l’éducation est d’aider chaque être humain à devenir pleinement homme, à entrer en relation avec ses semblables et de préparer sa fin dernière selon la doctrine de l’Église catholique. Faisant partie de l’éducation en général, l’éducation chrétienne des enfants engendre des droits et des devoirs pour les parents et pour les instances civiles et religieuses. Qu’il s’agisse de l’éducation en général ou de l’éducation chrétienne, les parents sont reconnus comme les premiers éducateurs de leurs enfants en tant qu’ils leur ont donné la vie. Les instances civiles et ecclésiales ont pour rôle de protéger les droits des enfants à l’éducation chrétienne et d’aider les parents dans leur mission. Dans le cadre de l’île de la Réunion qui a connu une période esclavagiste et des différents apports culturels et cultuels des arrivants qui ont constitué son peuplement, l’exercice des droits et devoirs d’éducation n’a pas été facile. L’évangélisation de l’île, arrivée en même temps que l’esclavage, s’est heurté e à ces coutumes et traditions religieuses favorisées par le métissage de la population. D’où l’existence des « pratiques hybrides » ou « double pratique » rendant difficile l’éducation chrétienne. Malgré cette situation, la foi chrétienne s’est enracinée dans la population réunionnaise. Notre contribution tient à rappeler les droits et les devoirs des parents en matière d’éducation chrétienne, ainsi que ceux de la société et de la communauté ecclésiale. Il s’agit de protéger l’intérêt supérieur des enfants pour le bien commun de la société et de l’ÉgliseNo human being can do without education because it enables them to acquire and develop their physical, moral and intellectual aptitudes. The purpose of education is to help every human being become fully human; to enter into a relationship with his fellow human beings and to prepare him for his final end according to the doctrine of the Catholic Church. As part of education in general, the Christian education of children engenders rightsand duties for parents and for civil and religious authorities. Be it education in general or Christian education, parents are recognized as the first educators of their children since they gave birth to them. The civil end ecclesial authorities have the role to protect children’s rights to Christian education and to help parents in their mission. In the context of Réunion Island, which experienced a period of slavery, collided with these religious customs and traditions favoured by the interbreeding of the population. Hence the existence of “hybrid practices” or “double practice” making difficult, the Christian education. Despite this situation, the Christian faith took rootin Reunionese population. Our contribution wishes to recall the rights and duties of parents in Christian education, as well as those of the society and the ecclesial community. It is about protecting the best interest of children for the common good of the society and of the Church
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Castro, Sara Emanuela Vieira de. "A relação entre padrasto e enteado: direitos e deveres." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/85857.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Direito: Especialidade em Ciências Juridico-Forenses apresentada à Faculdade de DireitoCom o surgimento de uma nova estrutura familiar, famílias recombinadas, surgem a figura do padrasto e madrasta. Ocorre assim para o Direito a necessidade de regulamentação desta nova relação, a do padrasto com o enteado. Precisamente, estando em causa um menor no âmbito destas relações e possíveis conflitos, o Direito da Família vê-se obrigado a regular estas relações tendo por base o superior interesse da criança. Este superior interesse da criança tem como pedra ângular a afetividade, que pode não ser construída pela família biológica.Portanto, é necessário analisar e fundamentar quais os direitos e deveres do padrasto perante o enteado, no caso do casamento nas famílias recombinadas e consequentemente no caso do divórcio. Esta atribuição de direitos e deveres devem pautar-se pelo superior interesse da criança. Neste sentido, a dissertação aborda esta regulamentação dos direito e deveres do padrasto, sempre com a ótica orientadora do superior interesse da criança. O Código Civil já tem presente esta figura regulando exercício das responsabilidades parentais, como a prestação de obrigação de alimentos e um possível direito de visita. A tese evidencia ainda a possibilidade de adoção do filho do cônjuge atribuindo um regime mais flexível. A Lei de Proteção de Crianças e Jovens em Perigo estará também em análise, pelo facto de existiram situações de perigo provocado por atos ou omissões pelos progenitores. Palavras-Chave: padrasto; criança; afetividade; responsabilidades parentais; adoção; direito de visita; alimentos; proteção de menores.
With the uprising of the new family structure, the stepfamilies, the stepfather and stepmother arises. It becomes, then, necessary to create legislation upon this new relation that emerges, that of the stepfather and stepson. Precisely because there is a minor involved, in this relation and its eventual conflicts, Family Law has the obligation to regulate these relations, based upon the best interest of the child. This very same best interest of the child has, as a building block, the afection, which can not be build by the biological family.Therefore, it's necessary to analize and ground what the parental rights and responsabilities of the stepparent in regard to the stepson, in the contect of the mariage of a stepfamily, and, consenquently, in the case of a divorce. The assignment of these rights and responsabilities should be guided by the best interest of the child. This dissertation approaches the regulation of rights and duties of the stepfather, always with its sight set upon the best interest of the child. The Código Civil has already in mind the stepparents, by regulating the exercise of its parental rights and responsabilities, such as the provision of alimony and a possible visitiation right. This thesis evendenciates also the possibility of an adoption of the son of the spouse, giving the system more flexibility. The Lei de Protecção das Crianças e Jovens em Perigo will also be under scope, as there can also exist risk situations created by act or omissions of the progenitor. Keywords: Stepparents; child; affection; parental rights and resposabilities; adoption; parental visitation rights; alimony; child protection.
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Marum, Mariana Garcia Duarte. "O direito à privacidade ameaçado pelo sharenting: podem os pais serem responsabilizados civilmente à luz do direito civil português?" Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/92768.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Direito apresentada à Faculdade de DireitoThis master’s dissertation aims to elucidate the threats of “sharenting” against the minor’s rights of personality, mainly image and privacy rights. “Sharenting”, a new terminology, attached to the innovations brought by the information technology, translates to the practice of parents, or other person in charge of parental responsibilities, to share information and personal data about their kids, with no corresponding consent, through social media. Initially, the human personality is described as a value inseparable from the individual dignity, the main reason why the development of personality is constitutionally assured for everyone. Thereafter, the content and limits from parental responsibilities are presented together with civil law considerations about personality rights’ restriction and the minor’s gradual empowerment. Afterwards, the statement that children and adolescents are genuine rights subjectives is discussed in the light of the minor’s legal situation at the portuguese Civil Code, legal context in which these people have legal personality and legal capacity, but are deprived of their legal capacity to exercise rights and duties. In the context of “sharenting”, the conflict between fundamental rights walks a fine line, due to the parent’s right to freedom of expression and information contradicting the child's rights to image and privacy. At the end, the civil liability is analyzed in relation to the violation of personality rights, especially family rights attached to parent-child relationship, in order to bring to light if “sharenting” can compromise parents in an infringing and culpable conduct, enough to legitimate, in the future, as adults, the claim of compensation argued by children and adolescents, because of their personal rights' violation to image and privacy, against their parents.
Esta dissertação visa elucidar as ameaças do sharenting aos direitos de personalidade do menor, mormente os direitos à imagem e à reserva sobre a intimidade da vida privada. O sharenting, conceito incipiente, aliado às inovações da tecnologia da informação, traduz o ato dos progenitores, ou de outra pessoa incumbida do exercício das responsabilidades parentais, compartilharem informações e dados sobre os filhos menores, sem o respectivo consentimento deles, nas redes sociais. Inicialmente, a personalidade humana é apresentada como um atributo indissociável da dignidade individual, razão pela qual o direito ao desenvolvimento da personalidade é constitucionalmente assegurado a todos. Em seguida, o conteúdo e os limites das responsabilidades parentais são colacionados, juntamente com as ponderações juscivilísticas acerca da limitação dos direitos de personalidade e da autonomização progressiva do menor na condução da própria vida. Posteriormente, a afirmação de que crianças e adolescentes são verdadeiros sujeitos de direitos é debatida à luz da situação jurídica da menoridade no Código Civil português, contexto normativo em que estes sujeitos têm personalidade e capacidade jurídicas, mas são privados da sua capacidade de exercício para a realização dos atos civis. Na seara problemática do sharenting, o conflito de direitos fundamentais é sopesado, haja vista o direito à liberdade de expressão e informação dos progenitores contrapor os direitos à imagem e privacidade do filho menor. Ao final, o instituto da responsabilidade civil é analisado no âmbito da violação dos direitos de personalidade, precipuamente os direitos familiares emergentes da relação jurídica de filiação, a fim de apurar se a prática do sharenting implica os progenitores numa conduta ilícita e culpável, apta a legitimar, por parte da criança ou do jovem, no futuro, quando adultos, alguma pretensão ressarcitória, por ofensa aos direitos personalíssimos à imagem e à reserva sobre a intimidade da vida privada, contra aqueles.
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Silva, Nádia Sousa Vasconcelos. "Os castigos corporais como violação dos direitos das crianças : as formas de intervenção estadual." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/30403.
Full textAbstract:
Desde a modernidade, com o contributo de autores como Locke e Rosseau, a conceção de criança anteriormente aceite, que a entendia como um adulto inacabado, incompleto, foi paulatinamente sendo alterada. A partir de contributos filosóficos e científicos, a sociedade passou a encará-la como um ser com características e especificidades próprias, nomeadamente detentora de uma fragilidade que torna imperativa
a sua proteção legal adicional. Para essa reconstrução social da criança foi fulcral a Convenção dos Direitos das Crianças, datada de 1989, que lhe atribuiu o estatuto de sujeito de direitos, e que a define, nos termos do seu art. 1º, como “todo o ser humano menor de 18 anos, salvo se, nos termos da lei que lhe for aplicável, atingir a maioridade mais cedo”. A partir de então, o desafio foi conciliar a nova visão da criança com o exercício das responsabilidades parentais que, embora já não tenham a conotação da anterior
designação (poder paternal), contêm ainda resquícios enraizados na nossa comunidade progenitores em relação aos filhos. Propomo-nos a indagar se os castigos corporais são ainda admissíveis no âmbito
desse poder-dever, ou não, na medida em que a linha que os separa de uma possível colisão com os direitos das crianças, hoje já reconhecidos, é muito ténue. Ademais, caso se verifique a violação destes direitos, tentaremos aferir de que forma poderá o Estado intervir.Since modernity, with the contribution of authors such as Locke and Rosseau, the previously aceepted conception of the child, who was understood as an unfinished, incomplete adult, has been gradually changing. From philosophical and scientific contributions, society came to regard children as a human being with its own characteristics and specificities, namely endowed with a fragility that makes their additional legal protection imperative. For this social reconstruction of the child was crucial the Convention on the Rights of the Children, dated from 1989, which gave them the status of subject of rights, and which defines it, under the terms of its art. 1º, as “every human being below the age of eighteen years unless under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier. From then on, the challenge is to reconcile the new vision of the child with the exercise of parental responsibilities, which although no longer have the connotation of the previous designation (parental power), we still find remnants rooted in our community of what it once mirrored, particularly regarding the content of the educational duty-power of the parents regarding to their children. We propose to consider whether corporal punishment is still permissible under this power-duty, or not, as the line that separates it from a possible collision with the rights of children, already recognized, is very thin. In addition, if we came to the conclusion that is occuring the violation of those rights, we will try to asses how the state may intervene.
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Louw, A. S. (Anna Sophia). "Acquisition of parental responsibilities and rights." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27861.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis explores the impact of the new Children’s Act 38 of 2005 on the acquisition of parental responsibilities and rights within a newly proposed framework designed for the purpose of reflecting the various ways in which parental responsibilities and rights can be acquired. The research has shown that the Children’s Act has fundamentally transformed the way in which parental responsibilities and rights are acquired. The transformation has created a scheme for the acquisition of parental responsibilities and rights that is for the most part constitutionally compliant and progressive insofar as it gives recognition to the different family forms found in South Africa. To this end the Children’s Act has considerably expanded the ways in which parental responsibilities and rights can be acquired. Whereas previously exclusively the preserve of heterosexual married parents in a nuclear family, parental responsibilities and rights can now automatically be acquired by a committed biological father and a married lesbian couple conceiving by artificial means. Apart from authorising courts to assign parental responsibilities and rights, the Children’s Act allows any holder of parental responsibilities and rights to confer responsibilities and rights on another by prior approved agreement. The Act also includes specific provisions to regulate the acquisition of parental responsibilities and rights by commissioning parents in the case of a surrogate motherhood agreement. The structure developed for the research topic reflects the transformation of the law in this regard by making the application of the best interests-standard, rather than the marital status of the child’s parents, the distinguishing feature of the subdivision between automatic and assigned acquisition. In this way the structure is an embodiment of the paramountcy of the best interests principle in section 28(2) of the Constitution. Insofar as the law still requires a distinction to be made between biological mothers and fathers, on the one hand, and naturally and artificially conceived children, on the other, the structure also highlights the remaining shortcomings of the law in this regard. The structure is, furthermore, necessarily complicated by the need to distinguish between the acquisition of care, on the one hand, and guardianship, on the other. As far as fathers are still not treated the same as mothers in the automatic allocation of parental responsibilities and rights, the Act is deemed not to have been progressive enough. Conferring full parental responsibilities and rights on both parents based on their biological link to the child would not only be in line with worldwide trends, but would also meet the constitutional demands of substantive sex and gender equality. It will further place the focus on the best interests of the child, which emphasises the importance of both parents for the child. While the research shows that tensions between the biological and social constructs of parenthood may possibly hamper the legal recognition of de facto care-givers or other persons with whom the child has developed a psychological bond, the greatest weakness of the Act would seem to lie in the failure to implement an integrated family court structure. Please cite as follows: Louw, AS 2009, Acquisition of parental responsibilities and rights, PhD thesis, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewedyymmdd < http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09102009-170707/ > CopyrightThesis (LLD)--University of Pretoria, 2009.
Private Law
unrestricted
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Soares, Cristiana Moreira. "A Alienação Parental na Jurisprudência dos Tribunais Portugueses." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/86656.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciências Jurídico-Forenses apresentada à Faculdade de DireitoA Alienação Parental é, atualmente, um fenómeno social, jurídico e familiar, que ocorre, geralmente, como um corolário da separação de alguns casais, fruto dos conflitos existentes entre eles, seja num processo de divórcio, pós divórcio ou ainda dentro do próprio casamento ou união de facto. Não obstante, em Portugal ainda não existe uma consagração legal de Alienação Parental, ao contrário do que ocorre em outros sistemas jurídicos, como, por exemplo, no Brasil. Porém, o ordenamento jurídico português prevê, em determinados diplomas legais, mecanismos que regulam as relações entre ex-cônjuges, no que concerne aos filhos em comum e, cujas responsabilidades parentais devem partilhar. Relacionada com a temática em apreço, surge a chamada “Teoria da Síndrome de Alienação Parental”, proposta pelo psiquiatra infantil, Richard Alan Gardner, sendo este o ponto de partida para o estudo da Alienação Parental. A teoria em causa é hoje alvo de várias críticas por parte de alguma doutrina, enunciadas na presente exposição escrita, não sendo reconhecida por parte da comunidade científica. Neste sentido, embora as críticas a si dirigidas, bem como, a escassez legislativa que lhe é dirigida no nosso ordenamento jurídico, a Jurisprudência Portuguesa já menciona esta problemática nos seus acórdãos. Neste segmento, o presente trabalho procedeu a uma recolha jurisprudêncial sobre o modo como os tribunais portugueses tratam a matéria em questão, nos seus múltiplos e variados aspetos (admissibilidade do seu conceito; quem a executa; tipo de atos praticados pelos seus executores, soluções na sua erradicação).
Parental Alienation is currently a social, legal and family phenomenon, occurring generally as a corollary of the separation of some couples, as a result of conflicts between them, whether in a divorce process, post divorce or even within the marriage or civil marriage. However, in Portugal there is still no legal conscription of Parental Alienation, contrary to what happens in other legal systems, such as in Brazil. However, the Portuguese legal system provides in certain legal instruments mechanisms that regulate relations between ex-spouses, regarding the children in common and whose parental responsibilities must share. The so-called "Theory of the Parental Alienation Syndrome", proposed by the child psychiatrist Richard Alan Gardner, is the starting point for the study of Parental Alienation. Nowadays, the theory in question is the object of several criticisms by some doctrine, stated in this written exposition, not being recognized by the scientific community. In that regard, although the criticisms leveled at it, as well as at the lack of legislation addressed to it in our legal system, the Portuguese case-law already mentions this problem in its judgments. In this segment, the present work has collected a jurisprudence on how the Portuguese courts treat the matter in its multiple and varied aspects (admissibility of its concept, who executes it, type of acts practiced by its executors, eradication).Parental Alienation is currently a social, legal and family phenomenon, occurring generally as a corollary of the separation of some couples, as a result of conflicts between them, whether in a divorce process, post divorce or even within the marriage or civil marriage. However, in Portugal there is still no legal conscription of Parental Alienation, contrary to what happens in other legal systems, such as in Brazil. However, the Portuguese legal system provides in certain legal instruments mechanisms that regulate relations between ex-spouses, regarding the children in common and whose parental responsibilities must share. The so-called "Theory of the Parental Alienation Syndrome", proposed by the child psychiatrist Richard Alan Gardner, is the starting point for the study of Parental Alienation. Nowadays, the theory in question is the object of several criticisms by some doctrine, stated in this written exposition, not being recognized by the scientific community. In that regard, although the criticisms leveled at it, as well as at the lack of legislation addressed to it in our legal system, the Portuguese case-law already mentions this problem in its judgments. In this segment, the present work has collected a jurisprudence on how the Portuguese courts treat the matter in its multiple and varied aspects (admissibility of its concept, who executes it, type of acts practiced by its executors, eradication).
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Silva, Milene Andreia da. "Incumprimento das Responsabilidades Parentais - a obrigação de alimentos." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/83901.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de Mestrado em Direito: Especialidade em Ciências Juridico-Forenses apresentada à Faculdade de DireitoO presente estudo insere-se no âmbito das Responsabilidades Parentais, numa abordagem mais dedicada ao seu incumprimento na vertente dos alimentos. As responsabilidades parentais existem como o dever que recai sobre os pais de cuidar dos filhos a quem deram vida, e sem o seu amparo não conseguem continuá-la. As suas obrigações não cessam porque a vida em comum com o outro progenitor se rompeu. Aliás, até alcançam mais destaque. Os alimentos são uma peça fundamental para o desenvolvimento equilibrado e saudável das crianças, e como tal é um instituto que apresenta bastantes peculiaridades. Desde a fixação até à aos mecanismos de cobrança coerciva, analisamos os aspetos desta prestação, e em especial os meios de resposta ao seu incumprimento, com vista ao alcance de uma perspetiva interdisciplinar e harmonizada do direito substantivo e processual, tendo em conta todos os diplomas aplicáveis e as divergências doutrinais e jurisprudenciais. E principalmente, o interesse da criança.
The following papper falls within the scope of Parental Responsibilities, with special emphasis on the default of maintenance obligations.Parental Responsibilities exist as the parents’ duty to care for the children they gave life to, and without their support could not be able to continue it. The obligations do not cease because the life in common between the parents ended. In fact, they should be highlighted. One of the fundamental pieces for a balanced and healthy development of children is their maintenance and, as such, it is an institute that has many peculiarities.From fixation to the mechanisms of enforced recovery, it is analysed the aspects of this provision, and in particular the means to react to its non-compliance, with the aim to achieve an interdisciplinary perspective and harmonization of substantive and procedural law, taking into account all applicable legislation, doctrine and divergent judgments. And leadingly, the best interests of the child.
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Lopes, Sara Filipa Martins. "O incumprimento das responsabilidades parentais e o crime de subtração de menor." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/74147.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de mestrado em Direito das Crianças, Família e SucessõesA presente tese versa sobre a rutura das relações familiares e as implicações do aumento significativo da taxa de divórcios não pacíficos e separações, que vêm ocasionando lutas acirradas entre os progenitores, transportadas para os filhos, que servem muitas das vezes, e egoisticamente, de “arma de arremesso”. Estas quezílias, que devem ser totalmente alheias aos menores, são já uma constante na realidade social, familiar e jurídica. Tendo por base o princípio do superior interesse da criança como meta de atuação, analisa- se a figura das responsabilidades parentais, determinadas condutas incumpridoras deste regime, e de que forma esse incumprimento será merecedor de intervenção penal. Para esse efeito, caminhamos no sentido de escrutinar o ilícito de subtração de menor, previsto no artigo 249.º do Código Penal. Pretende-se, ao longo destas páginas, analisar e estabelecer uma relação entre as condutas incumpridoras do regime fixado e o ilícito de subtração de menor, ou seja, pretendemos averiguar se todas as situações de incumprimento das responsabilidades parentais resultam no ilícito de subtração de menor e se o aludido ilícito comportará sempre um incumprimento do regime fixado. Almejamos uma correlação, e aclaramos a ideia de que nem todas as condutas incumpridoras das responsabilidades parentais são suscetíveis de se ajustar ao ilícito de subtração de menor, previsto no artigo 249.º do Código Penal. Nesta medida, conclui-se pela necessidade de uma análise cautelosa e casuística das diversas condutas e eventuais incumprimentos das responsabilidades parentais, que podem ser subsumidos no crime em estudo, bem como os comportamentos que podem gozar de uma atenuação especial da pena.
This thesis focuses on family relationships ruptures and the significant increase in contested divorce and separation’s rates, which generate bitter fights between parents that are carried to their children - whom serve, numerous times, as a weapon. These quarrels, which should not involve minors, are prevalent in today’s social, familiar and juridical reality. Having the best interests of the child as the ground of our intervention, we are going to analyze parenting responsibilities as well as certain conducts that fail to comply this legal framework and in what way this infringement deserves prosecution. Along this pages, we intent to analyze and establish a relationship between conducts that infringe the legal regime and parental child abduction. Additionally, we intent to determine if all the situations where there’s a violation of parental responsibilities result in illicit parental child abduction, and if the mentioned infraction always encompasses a breach of the established regimen. We strive for a correlation and we clarify that article 249.º of the Penal Code predicts crime situations but, however, there’s no mention about breaches in parental responsibilities. Furthermore, not all breaches of parental responsibilities are likely to adjust to the unlaw act of parental child abduction. With this in mind, we conclude that there is a necessity of a cautious and case-by-case assessment that encompasses the various conducts and potential infringements of parental responsibilities. Moreover, these infractions can be incorporated in the crime in investigation, as well as certain behaviors that can benefit from a special sentence attenuation.
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Wang, Li-Tien, and 王立典. "The Study on Parental Rights of Same-Sex Family." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17266652776435756976.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北大學
法律學系一般生組
103
In early years, most studies concerning homosexual family issues were focused on exploring the relationship between the homosexual couples, such as the approval of homosexual marriage, the right to claim alimony for homosexual couples and the right of inheritance of homosexual couples, etc. However in recent years, there have been more and more theories and judgments which have given their opinion to and have made decisions on the relations between the children and the homosexual parents in homosexual families. The issues involved here include the approval of the adoption by homosexual parents and the gaining of the custody or visitation right of the children at the end of the relationship. The change like this also shows that the research scope for homosexual family issues in the society has expanded from simply studying on the relationship between the homosexual couples to studying the relations between the children and the homosexual parents in homosexual families. This trend of change also motivated this study. As the current legal regulations of our country do not contain any term or article concerning homosexual families, so we can only refer to domestic theories or foreign legislation, judgments and opinions from theories when solving the related problems for homosexual families. Especially for that the related laws and judgments for homosexual families in different states of the US also sometimes differ, they are thus the perfect referential samples for the discussion of the various issues of homosexual families. Therefore, the related laws in the US were the main focus of the study. Along with some related legal regulations in other countries, they were the main references of the statement and discussion of the study. In the study, the research on the parental rights for the children in homosexual families began with the introduction of “the content and establishment of a homosexual family” and introduced the definition of family, marriage and family systems, the laws which approve the establishment of the relationship of homosexual couples, the source of children for homosexual families and the related social controversy. “Homosexual family and child adoption” was introduced later. The domestic and foreign traditional legal regulations for adoption and the adoption by one party or both parties of homosexual couples in the laws in the US were introduced. Then “homosexual family and assisted reproduction” was introduced. The definition and types of assisted reproduction, the effect of conventional assisted reproduction and the assisted reproduction for male and female homosexual couples were introduced. Then “homosexual family and the custody of children, visitation rights and the right to claim alimony” was introduced. The custody of children, visitation rights and the right to claim alimony of traditional and homosexual couples were introduced in this part. And then “the homosexual family and children in it under the domestic laws” was introduced. The gaining parental rights of homosexual family under current laws and the regulations for homosexual family and children in the draft of diverse family formation legislation proposed by Taiwan Alliance to Promote Civil Partnership Rights were introduced. In the end, all the above-mentioned parts in the study were processed with inductive reasoning, and the conclusion of the study was proposed in the part of “conclusion”. It is expected that the domestic legislators, people who fight for the rights of homosexual couples and people who argue against that idea can all focus on the issues about homosexual families without the limitation to the relationship between homosexual couples. They should also pursue the best benefits and welfare together for the infants at the same time to show the attention to the children in homosexual families. It is hoped that there can be more people who pay attention to the rights of the children in homosexual families, and legislators are hoped to take the rights of the children in homosexual families into their consideration when they give rights to homosexual couples.
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Hui-PingChung and 鍾惠平. "The Best Interests of Children ＆ the Restrictions of Parental Rights." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/y6ysyp.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
法律學系
105
In existing law, parental rights are the rights related to taking care of children and taking responsibility of children. The highest guide of them is the largest benefit of the children. When the unfitness parents are brought to the court, which way is the better one-Depriving the parents of parental rights or improving their ability of taking care of children? This essay tries to find out the best way to protect the benefit of children. According to the result of this essay, I think that depriving or limiting the parental rights just passively protects the children against being harmed continually. The only way to elevate their welfare is to improve the parents’ ability through enforced parenting education. In order to achieve the goal, this essay tries to provide some suggestions for revision of related law and further plan of public policy.