Journal articles: 'Parenteral drug delivery'

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Gulati, Neha, and Himanshu Gupta. "Parenteral Drug Delivery: A Review." Recent Patents on Drug Delivery & Formulation 5, no. 2 (May 1, 2011): 133–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187221111795471391.

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Collins-Gold, L. C., R. T. Lyons, and L. C. Bartholow. "Parenteral emulsions for drug delivery." Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 5, no. 3 (September 1990): 189–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-409x(90)90016-l.

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Kwatra, Shubhika, Guncha Taneja, and Nimisha Nasa. "Alternative Routes of Drug Administration- Transdermal, Pulmonary & Parenteral." Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 02, no. 04 (2012): 409–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35652/igjps.2012.47.

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Oral Route is considered to be the most common route of drug delivery to obtain a systemic effect. However, with the recent developments in the field of drug delivery, it has been found that delivery through alternative routes is sometimes more beneficial. This article deals with the salient features, advantages and disadvantages of some of the alternative routes of drug administration- Transdermal, Pulmonary and Parenteral routes. Though the mechanisms of action of drugs delivered by these routes are different, they offer a common advantage- increased Therapeutic Index with simultaneously decreased side effects. The latest innovations in drug formulations delivered through these routes have also been discussed. © 2011 IGJPS. All rights reserved.

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Chaubal, Mahesh V., and Theodore J. Roseman. "Drug delivery trends for parenteral therapeutics." Drug Delivery System 21, no. 4 (2006): 388–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2745/dds.21.388.

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Neupane, Rabin, Sai H. S. Boddu, Mariam Sami Abou-Dahech, Rinda Devi Bachu, David Terrero, R. Jayachandra Babu, and Amit K. Tiwari. "Transdermal Delivery of Chemotherapeutics: Strategies, Requirements, and Opportunities." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 7 (June 26, 2021): 960. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13070960.

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Chemotherapeutic drugs are primarily administered to cancer patients via oral or parenteral routes. The use of transdermal drug delivery could potentially be a better alternative to decrease the dose frequency and severity of adverse or toxic effects associated with oral or parenteral administration of chemotherapeutic drugs. The transdermal delivery of drugs has shown to be advantageous for the treatment of highly localized tumors in certain types of breast and skin cancers. In addition, the transdermal route can be used to deliver low-dose chemotherapeutics in a sustained manner. The transdermal route can also be utilized for vaccine design in cancer management, for example, vaccines against cervical cancer. However, the design of transdermal formulations may be challenging in terms of the conjugation chemistry of the molecules and the sustained and reproducible delivery of therapeutically efficacious doses. In this review, we discuss the nano-carrier systems, such as nanoparticles, liposomes, etc., used in recent literature to deliver chemotherapeutic agents. The advantages of transdermal route over oral and parenteral routes for popular chemotherapeutic drugs are summarized. Furthermore, we also discuss a possible in silico approach, Formulating for Efficacy™, to design transdermal formulations that would probably be economical, robust, and more efficacious.

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Bulić, Matea, and Catherine Tuleu. "Rectal Drug Delivery to Paediatric Population." Hrvatski časopis zdravstvenih znanosti 1, no. 2 (November 29, 2021): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.48188/hczz.1.2.5.

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Despite its unpopularity, the rectal route of paediatric drug administration remains of interest especially in pre-school children as it can overcome some drug delivery challenges with oral and parenteral routes. Few studies have been conducted on the use and acceptability of traditional rectal dosage forms (i.e., suppositories, enemas and gels) in different parts of the world. It showed that barrier to adoption could be linked with poor knowledge, little information and understanding of this administration modality. Reformulation for the rectal delivery of drugs intended for oral and/or parenteral administration that do not reach their full potential, was explored by a study at University College London. The top 3 candidates were Azithromycin, Amodiaquine and Raltegravir. Little rectal delivery innovation has occurred but topics such as acceptability and use of rectal drug delivery; types of rectal dosage forms and reformulation considerations are discussed presently in order to raise awareness around the need to modernise rectal dosage forms this to achieve the full potential for successful reformulation.

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Haranath, Chinthaginjala. "Recent advances in lipid based nanovesicles for transdermal drug delivery." Journal of medical pharmaceutical and allied sciences 11, no. 6 (December 31, 2022): 5375–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.55522/jmpas.v11i6.4273.

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Lipid based nanovesicles are the formulations which are used for the delivery of hydrophilic, hydrophobic and amphiphilic drugs or compounds. They are very helpful for the drugs which are hydrophilic and irritant drugs that can be encapsulated and delivered to the target site. They are very advantageous over conventional formulations. Lipid based nanovesicular systems will efficaciously help the drugs addressing the issues of solubility and penetration thereby promotes bioavailability. Now a days lipid based nanovesicles for transdermal delivery of drug has become very useful especially for hydrophilic drugs. The use of the nanovesicles for transdermal drug delivery will overcome the drawbacks associated with the route of drug delivery, such as oral and parenteral. Lipid based nanocarriers includes liposomes, transferosomes, ethosomes, niosomes, ufasomes, spinghosomes, pharmacosomes etc., This review article describes the types, formulation methods, evaluation and the research works done on lipid based nanovesicles for transdermal delivery of the drug.

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Chavda, Vivek P., Shilpa Dawre, Anjali Pandya, Lalitkumar K. Vora, Dharti H. Modh, Vidhi Shah, Divyang J. Dave, and Vandana Patravale. "Lyotropic liquid crystals for parenteral drug delivery." Journal of Controlled Release 349 (September 2022): 533–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.06.062.

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Wissing, S. A., O. Kayser, and R. H. Müller. "Solid lipid nanoparticles for parenteral drug delivery." Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 56, no. 9 (May 2004): 1257–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2003.12.002.

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Anureet Arora, Manju Nagpal, and Geeta Aggarwal. "Microneedle Mediated Vaccine Delivery: A Comprehensive Review." Journal of Pharmaceutical Technology, Research and Management 5, no. 2 (November 2, 2017): 163–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/jptrm.2017.52011.

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Microneedles can be representative for paradigm shift of drug delivery from patient non-compliant parenteral injections to patient compliant drug delivery system, which can be utilized for administration of vaccines particularly along with macromolecular/micromolecular drugs. The concept of microneedles came into existence many decades ago but the use of microneedles to achieve efficient delivery of drugs into the skin became subject of research from mid of 1990’s. Various types of microneedles were utilized to enhance delivery of drugs and vaccines including solid microneedles for pre-treatment of skin to enhance drug permeability, dissolvable polymeric microneedles encapsulating drugs, microneedles coated with drugs and hollow microneedles for infusion of drugs through the skin. Microneedles have shown promisingdelivery of vaccines through skin in literature. But the successful utilization of this system for vaccine drug delivery mainly depends on design of device to facilitate microneedle infusion, vaccine stability and storage in system, recovery of skin on removal of microneedle and improved patient compliance. This article reviews the conventional and advanced methods of vaccine drug deliver, microneedles for drug delivery, types of microneedles, advantages of microneedles and potential of microneedles for vaccine drug delivery.

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Matalqah, Sina M., Khalid Aiedeh, Nizar M. Mhaidat, Karem H. Alzoubi, Yasser Bustanji, and Islam Hamad. "Chitosan Nanoparticles as a Novel Drug Delivery System: A Review Article." Current Drug Targets 21, no. 15 (November 27, 2020): 1613–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389450121666200711172536.

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Natural polymers, particularly polysaccharide, have been used as drug delivery systems for a variety of therapeutic agents such as peptides, proteins, vaccines, DNA, and drugs for parenteral and non-parenteral administration. Chitosan, the second most abundant naturally occurring polysaccharide after cellulose, is a biocompatible and biodegradable mucoadhesive polymer that is extensively used in the preparation of nanoparticles (NPs). Chitosan NPs loaded with drugs were found to be stable, permeable and bioactive. In this review, the importance of chitosan and its derivatives in drug delivery is illustrated, different methods of preparation of chitosan and chitosan derivatives NPs and their physio- chemical properties are addressed. Moreover, the desirable characteristics of successful NPs based drug delivery systems, as well as the pharmaceutical applications of these NPs are also clearly explored.

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Singh, Abhishek, Niketa Pal, Rishikesh Sharma, and Aryendu Kumar Saini. "A Review on the Drug Delivery System." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development 9, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v9i3.928.

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Drug administration is the mechanism or procedure by which a medicinal substance is delivered to produce a beneficial result in humans or animals. Nasal and pulmonary drug delivery pathways are gaining growing significance for the treatment of human illnesses. Such routes provide promising alternatives to the delivery of parenteral drugs particularly for peptide and protein therapies. Many drug delivery devices have been developed for this purpose, and are being tested for nasal and pulmonary delivery. These contain amongst others liposomes, proliposomes, microspheres, gels, prodrugs, cyclodextrins. Nanoparticles made up of biodegradable polymers show confidence that they meet the stringent criteria imposed on such delivery systems, such as the ability to be transferred to an aerosol, stability against forces produced during aerosolisation, biocompatibility, targeting of particular sites or cell populations in the lungs, predetermined release of the drug and degradation within the lungs.

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Aher, Smita S., Sagar T. Malsane, and R. B. Saudagar. "NANOSUSPENSION: AN OVERVIEW." International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research 9, no. 3 (May 5, 2017): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2017.v9i3.19584.

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Nanosuspensions are important carriers to develop novel drug formulations. Nanosuspensions have emerged as a promising strategy for the efficient delivery of hydrophobic drugs because of their versatile features and unique advantages. Nanosuspension technology solved the problem of drugs which are poorly aqueous soluble and less bioavailability. Stability and bioavailability of the drugs can be improved by the Nanosuspension technology. Techniques such as media milling and high-pressure homogenization have been used commercially for producing nanosuspensions. Nanosuspensions can be delivered by oral, parenteral, pulmonary and ocular routes. Nanosuspensions can also be used for targeted drug delivery when incorporated in theOcular inserts and mucoadhesive hydrogels. Currently, efforts are being directed to extending their applications in site-specific drug delivery.

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R., Sali S., Gondkar S. B., and Saudagar R. B. "A REVIEW ON: ATRIGEL–THE MAGICAL TOOL." International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research 10, no. 2 (March 15, 2018): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2018v10i2.25890.

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The widely effective and most common form of drug delivery is parenteral administration for active drug substances with poor bio-availability and the drugs with a narrow therapeutic index. Though parenteral administration of drug is often critical and associated with problems such as limited number of acceptable excipients, stringent requirements of aseptic production process, safety issues, patient noncompliance. Still this route maintains its value due to special advantages like quicker onset of action in case of emergency, target the drug quickly to desired site of action, prevention of first pass metabolism etc. The application of advanced drug delivery technology to parenteral administration lead to development of liposomes, nanosuspensions, solid implants etc. to overcome limitations of conventional parenteral delivery. Solid implants are reported to produce very reproducible release profiles. However, because of their size, they require surgical implantation or the use of large trochars to administer the product. Delivery systems consisting of microparticles can be injected into the body using conventional needles and syringes and have been the most widely accepted biodegradable polymer system for parenteral use. However, the manufacturing processes for microparticles are often complex and difficult to control leading to batch-to-batch product non uniformity. These methods of administration often limit the product's market potential due to patient and physician acceptance issues. Therefore, a delivery system that combines the simplicity and reliability of solid implant devices alongwith convenience and ease of administration of microparticles is desired. In situ gel forming systems represent a desired alternate. This article gives the idea about In situ gel forming system to provide drug release in sustained release manner.

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Kranz, H., and R. Bodmeier. "A novel in situ forming drug delivery system for controlled parenteral drug delivery." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 332, no. 1-2 (March 2007): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.09.033.

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Fox, Christopher. "Squalene Emulsions for Parenteral Vaccine and Drug Delivery." Molecules 14, no. 9 (September 1, 2009): 3286–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules14093286.

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Breitenbach, Armin, You Xin Li, and Thomas Kissel. "Branched biodegradable polyesters for parenteral drug delivery systems." Journal of Controlled Release 64, no. 1-3 (February 2000): 167–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-3659(99)00134-0.

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Constantinides, Panayiotis P., Alex Tustian, and Dean R. Kessler. "Tocol emulsions for drug solubilization and parenteral delivery." Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 56, no. 9 (May 2004): 1243–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2003.12.005.

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Shrestha, Hina, Rajni Bala, and Sandeep Arora. "Lipid-Based Drug Delivery Systems." Journal of Pharmaceutics 2014 (May 19, 2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/801820.

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The principle objective of formulation of lipid-based drugs is to enhance their bioavailability. The use of lipids in drug delivery is no more a new trend now but is still the promising concept. Lipid-based drug delivery systems (LBDDS) are one of the emerging technologies designed to address challenges like the solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. Lipid-based formulations can be tailored to meet a wide range of product requirements dictated by disease indication, route of administration, cost consideration, product stability, toxicity, and efficacy. These formulations are also a commercially viable strategy to formulate pharmaceuticals, for topical, oral, pulmonary, or parenteral delivery. In addition, lipid-based formulations have been shown to reduce the toxicity of various drugs by changing the biodistribution of the drug away from sensitive organs. However, the number of applications for lipid-based formulations has expanded as the nature and type of active drugs under investigation have become more varied. This paper mainly focuses on novel lipid-based formulations, namely, emulsions, vesicular systems, and lipid particulate systems and their subcategories as well as on their prominent applications in pharmaceutical drug delivery.

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Tai, Junhu, Munsoo Han, Dabin Lee, Il-Ho Park, Sang Hag Lee, and Tae Hoon Kim. "Different Methods and Formulations of Drugs and Vaccines for Nasal Administration." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 5 (May 17, 2022): 1073. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14051073.

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Nasal drug delivery is advantageous when compared with other routes of drug delivery as it avoids the hepatic first-pass effect, blood–brain barrier penetration, and compliance issues with parenteral administration. However, nasal administration also has some limitations, such as its low bioavailability due to metabolism on the mucosal surface, and irreversible damage to the nasal mucosa due to the ingredients added into the formula. Moreover, the method of nasal administration is not applicable to all drugs. The current review presents the nasal anatomy and mucosal environment for the nasal delivery of vaccines and drugs, as well as presents various methods for enhancing nasal absorption, and different drug carriers and delivery devices to improve nasal drug delivery. It also presents future prospects on the nasal drug delivery of vaccines and drugs.

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Ganesh, Bhatt, Raturi Ankita, and Kothiyal Preeti. "Nanosuspension: A Novel Drug Delivery System." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences 2, no. 4 (November 24, 2013): 179–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijpls.v2i4.17117.

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Low bioavailability is the major problem associated with poorly soluble drugs. The problem is more complex for drugs which are poorly soluble in both aqueous and nonaqueous media, as solubility is an essential factor for drug absorption, independent of the route of administration. Nanosuspensions have emerged as an attractive and promising approach to improve stability and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. These are very finely colloid, biphasic, dispersed, solid drug particles in an aqueous vehicle, size below 1?m, without any matrix material, stabilized by surfactants and polymers. Techniques such as wet milling, high-pressure homogenization, emulsification-solvent evaporation and supercritical fluid have been used in the preparation of nanosuspension. Nanosuspension can be delivered by oral, parenteral, pulmonary and ocular routes. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijpls.v2i4.17117 International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Volume 2, Issue 4: October 2013; 179-196

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Udupa, Dr Nayanabhirama. "NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS: AN OPPORTUNITY FOR PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENTISTS IN INDIA." INDIAN DRUGS 54, no. 12 (December 28, 2017): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.54.12.p0005.

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Dear Reader, Innumerable drug delivery systems are available for the introduction of the drugs into the body to treat various diseases, to enhance the therapeutic efficacy and to improve patient compliance. These systems include oral controlled systems, parenteral systems, nasal and pulmonary systems, transdermal systems, nanoparticles, dendrimers, lipid based systems (liposomes, nanostructured lipid carriers, etc), self-regulated systems and targeted drug delivery systems.

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Mohler, Pamela A., and Umesh V. Banakar. "Issues in Contemporary Drug Delivery: Part V: Total Parenteral Nutrition." Journal of Pharmacy Technology 8, no. 1 (January 1992): 6–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875512259200800105.

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Objective: To provide an overview of common compounding and administration guidelines for total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The compatibility of various drug products with TPN preparations is also discussed. Data Sources: References were selected from published bibliographies of specialized nutrition and drug-nutrient interaction articles, package inserts and manufacturer's information, and specific topic searches in MEDLINE computerized database (English language, through 1989). Study Selection: Studies that investigated stability were selected preferentially to those studying compatibility alone; when stability data were not available, compatibility studies were included. Studies using products marketed in the US were chosen preferentially to those using European products; studies and case reports using human subjects were selected in preference to animal studies. Sixty percent of the initially identified studies were selected for inclusion. Data Extraction: Studies were reviewed by the authors for internal consistency and statistical validity. Data Synthesis: Intravenous solutions can be manufactured to meet various nutritional specifications. As additional nutrients and drugs are incorporated, the risk of incompatibility and instability of the admixture increases. Stability data are relatively sparse, leading to a dependence on compatibility studies for decision making. Conclusions: A wide variety of TPN formulations can be compounded to meet the individual needs of patients of all ages and assorted disease states. Addition of specific drugs to the TPN preparation may improve the efficiency of drug delivery and improve overall therapeutic response. Care must be taken, however, to ensure that incompatible compounds are not combined in a single TPN preparation.

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Hörmann, Karl, and Andreas Zimmer. "Drug delivery and drug targeting with parenteral lipid nanoemulsions — A review." Journal of Controlled Release 223 (February 2016): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.12.016.

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Samanthula, Kumara Swamy, Shobha Rani Satla, and Agaiah Goud Bairi. "Bioadhesive polymers, permeation enhancers and types of dosage forms for buccal drug delivery." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 11, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v11i1.4495.

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The buccal delivery is defined as the drug administration through the mucosal membranes lining the cheeks (buccal mucosa). The main impediment to the use of many hydrophilic macromolecular drugs as potential therapeutic agents is their inadequate and erratic oral absorption. Based on our current understanding of biochemical and physiological aspects of absorption and metabolism of many biotechnologically produced drugs, they cannot be delivered effectively through the conventional oral route. Because after oral administration many drugs are subjected to pre-systemic clearance extensive in the liver, which often leads to a lack of significant correlation between membrane permeability, absorption and bioavailability. Difficulties associated with the parenteral delivery and poor oral bioavailability provided the impetus for exploring alternative routes for the delivery of such drugs. This review covers the advantages, disadvantages of buccal delivery, drug and excipient selection especially bioadhesive polymers and permeation enhancers, and further a list of drugs developed as various dosage forms for buccal route of administration. Keywords: Buccal delivery, bioadhesive/mucoadhesive, permeation enhancer, dosage forms.

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Гусева, Valeriya Guseva, Собкин, Aleksandr Sobkin, Мишина, Anastasiya Mishina, Мишин, et al. "efficiency of various methods of injection of antituberculosis agents in young patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis." Бюллетень Восточно-Сибирского научного центра Сибирского отделения Российской академии медицинских наук 1, no. 5 (December 6, 2016): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/23347.

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The article presents the data of the randomized clinical trial of 80 young patients with destructive pulmonary tuber-culosis for various methods of TB drugs injection. Particular attention is paid to the role of parenteral drug delivery. The work demonstrated that newly diagnosed patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis of younger age the most optimal and effective is parenteral injection of injectable forms of TB drugs, allowing to halt bacterioexcretion for 3 months in 92.5 % of cases and to close cavities in the lungs in 80 %. In newly diagnosed patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis of young age oral use of tablets and of TB drugs is not effective enough, allowing to achieve 3 months cessation of bacterial isolation in 85.2 % of cases and to close cavities in the lungs in 42.5 %. Undesirable side reactions to parenteral administration of injectable forms of TB drugs were detected in 17.5 % of patients and to sep-arate oral tablet forms – in 20 %, fatal reactions were observed in 5 % of cases of drug delivery regardless of method.

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Pawar, Rajendra, Alon Ben-Ari, and Abraham J. Domb. "Protein and peptide parenteral controlled delivery." Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy 4, no. 8 (August 2004): 1203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/14712598.4.8.1203.

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Kurkov, Sergey V., Thorsteinn Loftsson, Martin Messner, and Donna Madden. "Parenteral Delivery of HPβCD: Effects on Drug-HSA Binding." AAPS PharmSciTech 11, no. 3 (July 24, 2010): 1152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1208/s12249-010-9482-0.

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Bayomi, M. A., and Y. M. El-Sayed. "Casein Microbeads as a Controlled Parenteral Drug Delivery System." Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy 20, no. 16 (January 1994): 2607–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03639049409042664.

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Packhaeuser, C. B., J. Schnieders, C. G. Oster, and T. Kissel. "In situ forming parenteral drug delivery systems: an overview." European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 58, no. 2 (September 2004): 445–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2004.03.003.

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Nguyen, Thi-Thao-Linh, and Van-An Duong. "Solid Lipid Nanoparticles." Encyclopedia 2, no. 2 (May 18, 2022): 952–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia2020063.

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Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are produced from physiologically biocompatible lipids. They have been proven to improve solubility, cellular uptake, and stability, reduce enzyme degradation, and prolong the circulation time of various drugs. SLNs have been applied in the oral, parenteral, transdermal, intranasal, ocular, and pulmonary drug delivery of different drugs, with enhanced safety, bioavailability, and overall therapeutic effects. In this entry, the authors summarize the primary features of SLNs, methods to prepare SLNs, and recent applications of SLNs in drug delivery. Owing to their advantages, SLNs are potential drug delivery systems to improve the management of various diseases and will, soon, be available for clinical use.

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Alkilani, Ahlam Zaid, Jehad Nasereddin, Rania Hamed, Sukaina Nimrawi, Ghaid Hussein, Hadeel Abo-Zour, and Ryan F. Donnelly. "Beneath the Skin: A Review of Current Trends and Future Prospects of Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 6 (May 28, 2022): 1152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14061152.

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The ideal drug delivery system has a bioavailability comparable to parenteral dosage forms but is as convenient and easy to use for the patient as oral solid dosage forms. In recent years, there has been increased interest in transdermal drug delivery (TDD) as a non-invasive delivery approach that is generally regarded as being easy to administer to more vulnerable age groups, such as paediatric and geriatric patients, while avoiding certain bioavailability concerns that arise from oral drug delivery due to poor absorbability and metabolism concerns. However, despite its many merits, TDD remains restricted to a select few drugs. The physiology of the skin poses a barrier against the feasible delivery of many drugs, limiting its applicability to only those drugs that possess physicochemical properties allowing them to be successfully delivered transdermally. Several techniques have been developed to enhance the transdermal permeability of drugs. Both chemical (e.g., thermal and mechanical) and passive (vesicle, nanoparticle, nanoemulsion, solid dispersion, and nanocrystal) techniques have been investigated to enhance the permeability of drug substances across the skin. Furthermore, hybrid approaches combining chemical penetration enhancement technologies with physical technologies are being intensively researched to improve the skin permeation of drug substances. This review aims to summarize recent trends in TDD approaches and discuss the merits and drawbacks of the various chemical, physical, and hybrid approaches currently being investigated for improving drug permeability across the skin.

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Kotta, Sabna, Hibah Mubarak Aldawsari, Shaimaa M. Badr-Eldin, Anroop B. Nair, and Kamal YT. "Progress in Polymeric Micelles for Drug Delivery Applications." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 8 (August 5, 2022): 1636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14081636.

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Polymeric micelles (PMs) have made significant progress in drug delivery applications. A robust core–shell structure, kinetic stability and the inherent ability to solubilize hydrophobic drugs are the highlights of PMs. This review presents the recent advances and understandings of PMs with a focus on the latest drug delivery applications. The types, methods of preparation and characterization of PMs are described along with their applications in oral, parenteral, transdermal, intranasal and other drug delivery systems. The applications of PMs for tumor-targeted delivery have been provided special attention. The safety, quality and stability of PMs in relation to drug delivery are also provided. In addition, advanced polymeric systems and special PMs are also reviewed. The in vitro and in vivo stability assessment of PMs and recent understandings in this area are provided. The patented PMs and clinical trials on PMs for drug delivery applications are considered indicators of their tremendous future applications. Overall, PMs can help overcome many unresolved issues in drug delivery.

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Rajput, Rahul, Jitendra Narkhede, and Jitendra B. Naik. "Nanogels as nanocarriers for drug delivery: A review." ADMET and DMPK 8, no. 1 (March 4, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5599/admet.724.

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Nanogels are submicron-size aqueous dispersions of water-swollen particles, composed of nano-sized three-dimensional highly cross-linked networks of hydrophilic polymers. An active pharmaceutical agent or therapeutic agent with high or low molecular weight can be easily encapsulated into nanogels that can be delivered to the site of action via various routes, including oral, pulmonary, nasal, parenteral and intraocular routes, among others. Therapeutic agents encapsulated into nanogels improve the therapeutic activity in the biological environment. The application of different nanogels in drug delivery and recent clinical trial studies has been described concisely in this review.

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Smith, Howard. "Intrathecal Drug Delivery." Pain Physician 2s;11, no. 3;2s (March 14, 2008): S89—S104. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2008/11/s89.

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Intrathecal analgesia has emerged as a key therapeutic option for pain relief for patients who have failed other treatment avenues as well as patients with adequate analgesia on high dose enteral or parenteral therapy but with unacceptable side effects. Intrethecal infusions of analgesics have been increasingly utilized since the later 1980s for the treatment of persistent pain. The purpose of this review is to provide research based clinical insight regarding the safe and appropriate use of the intrathecal infusion modality. Long-term intrathecal infusion analgesia or long-term intrathecal or long-term intrathecal analgesic therapy has significantly progressed over the past 25 years. The evidence for implantable intrathecal infusion systems is strong for short-term improvement in pain of malignancy or neuropathic pain. The evidence is moderate for long-term management of persistent pain. Reasonably strong evidence exists for the use of long-term intrathecal analgesic therapy in alleviation of cancer pain; however, the evidence supporting long-term efficacy in persistent noncancer pain is less convincing. Future studies are needed to better define the role of long-term intrathecal analgesic therapy in persistent pain, especially with respect to which pain conditions or subpopulations of patients are most responsive to ong-term intrathecal analgesic therapy, and which agents or combination of agents are most appropriate for which pain conditions or subpopulations of patients. Novel combinations of intrathecal analgesics such as clonidine and gabapentin deserve future study. The current body of literature supports the use of intrathecal agents for the treatment of moderate or severe pain related to cancer and noncancer origins. Further clinical studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of new intrathecal drugs, the complications related to these devices, and the proper selection of patients to receive these treatments. Key words: Intrathecal, morphine, baclofen, pump, implantable, infusion

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Kadian, Renu. "NANOPARTICLES: A PROMISING DRUG DELIVERY APPROACH." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v11i1.22035.

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Nanoparticles are particles having a size range of 1 and 100 nanometers, defined as a small object behaving as a complete unit with respect to the drug transport and therapeutic properties. They have several advantages such as improvement in the intracellular infiltration, enhanced hydrophobic solubility, and circulation time of the drug. They reduce non-specific uptake and side effects of the conventional drug delivery systems. Nanoparticles offer more effective and convenient routes of administration (oral, pulmonary, parenteral, and transdermal) and used for drug delivery for treatment of cancer, diabetes, pain, asthma, allergy, infections, and so on. They allow targeted delivery and controlled release of the drug. Further research on their mechanism of action to meet better stability of nanoparticles in the biological system could be done.

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Kadian, Renu. "NANOPARTICLES: A PROMISING DRUG DELIVERY APPROACH." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i1.22035.

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Nanoparticles are particles having a size range of 1 and 100 nanometers, defined as a small object behaving as a complete unit with respect to the drug transport and therapeutic properties. They have several advantages such as improvement in the intracellular infiltration, enhanced hydrophobic solubility, and circulation time of the drug. They reduce non-specific uptake and side effects of the conventional drug delivery systems. Nanoparticles offer more effective and convenient routes of administration (oral, pulmonary, parenteral, and transdermal) and used for drug delivery for treatment of cancer, diabetes, pain, asthma, allergy, infections, and so on. They allow targeted delivery and controlled release of the drug. Further research on their mechanism of action to meet better stability of nanoparticles in the biological system could be done.

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Kolluru, Lakshmi, Prachi Atre, and Syed Rizvi. "Characterization and Applications of Colloidal Systems as Versatile Drug Delivery Carriers for Parenteral Formulations." Pharmaceuticals 14, no. 2 (January 29, 2021): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14020108.

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Preparing a suitable formulation for parenteral administration is already a difficult task; this, coupled with poor water-soluble new chemical entity (NCE), complicates this situation even further. There are several methodologies available to enhance water solubility, but this alone does not entail successful formulation. Making a micro/nano emulsion with a suitable surfactant not only increases the drug solubility but also the cell membrane permeability. Thus, not only biopharmaceutic classification system (BCS)-II (low solubility compounds) but also BCS-III (low permeability) and BCS-IV drugs (low solubility and low permeability) can be further exploited. Those drug candidates otherwise will not move further in NCE evaluation or clinical trials. This succinct review article delves into various aspects of biphasic micro/nano emulsion systems for parenteral drug delivery including the structure of the biphasic colloidal systems, characterization parameters, stability issues, regulatory considerations, and applications in life sciences.

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Jain, Saloni, Rahul Kumar Ancheria, Saumya Shrivastava, Shankar Lal Soni, and Mukesh Sharma. "An Overview of Nanogel –Novel Drug Delivery System." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development 7, no. 2 (April 14, 2019): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v7i2.482.

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Nanogels are innovative drug delivery system that can play an integral part in pointing out many issues related to old and modern courses of treatment such as nonspecific effects and poor stability. Biomedical and pharmaceutical applications of Nanogels have been explored for tissue regeneration, wound healing, surgical device, implantation, and peroral, rectal, vaginal, ocular, and transdermal drug delivery. Nanogels are proficiently internalized by the target cells, avoid accumulating in nontarget tissues thereby lower the therapeutic dosage and minimize harmful side effects. Nanogels may be defined as highly cross linked nano-sized hydrogels ranges from 20-200 nm. They can be administered through various routes, including oral, pulmonary, nasal, parenteral, intra-ocular etc. They have a high degree of drug loading capacity and it shows better permeation capabilities due to smaller size. Nanogels are the novel drug delivery systems for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs.

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Arora, Daisy, Bharat Khurana, Goutam Rath, Sanju Nanda, and Amit K. Goyal. "Recent Advances in Nanosuspension Technology for Drug Delivery." Current Pharmaceutical Design 24, no. 21 (October 15, 2018): 2403–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612824666180522100251.

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Background: Discovery and development of BCS class 1 drugs through high throughput screening is one of the biggest challenge faced by formulation scientist. Methods: There are a number of approaches that have been exploited to enhance the solubility and permeability of drugs. Among them, development of nanosuspension has offered several benefits. These techniques may increase effective surface area due to nanonization of drug particles and further increases saturation solubility and dissolution properties for improved bioavailability. Various development methods are patented which are cost effective and easy to scale up. Conclusion: Several unique features of nanosuspension make it a versatile delivery system for different routes of administration including oral, dermal, ocular, parenteral and pulmonary. The present review is focused on preparatory techniques and formulation considerations of nanosuspension. Brief information about evaluation parameters, applications of nanosuspension in drug delivery and patented and marketed products available is also discussed.

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Md., Shadab, Shadabul Haque, Ravi Sheshala, Lim Wei Meng, Venkata Srikanth Meka, and Javed Ali. "Recent Advances in Non-Invasive Delivery of Macromolecules using Nanoparticulate Carriers System." Current Pharmaceutical Design 23, no. 3 (February 20, 2017): 440–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612822666161026163201.

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Background: The drug delivery of macromolecules such as proteins and peptides has become an important area of research and represents the fastest expanding share of the market for human medicines. The most common method for delivering macromolecules is parenterally. However parenteral administration of some therapeutic macromolecules has not been effective because of their rapid clearance from the body. As a result, most macromolecules are only therapeutically useful after multiple injections, which causes poor compliance and systemic side effects. Methods: Therefore, there is a need to improve delivery of therapeutic macromolecules to enable non-invasive delivery routes, less frequent dosing through controlled-release drug delivery, and improved drug targeting to increase efficacy and reduce side effects. Result: Non-invasive administration routes such as intranasal, pulmonary, transdermal, ocular and oral delivery have been attempted intensively by formulating macromolecules into nanoparticulate carriers system such as polymeric and lipidic nanoparticles. Conclusion: This review discusses barriers to drug delivery and current formulation technologies to overcome the unfavorable properties of macromolecules via non-invasive delivery (mainly intranasal, pulmonary, transdermal oral and ocular) with a focus on nanoparticulate carrier systems. This review also provided a summary and discussion of recent data on non-invasive delivery of macromolecules using nanoparticulate formulations.

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Zielińska, Aleksandra, Piotr Eder, Lucas Rannier, Juliana C. Cardoso, Patrícia Severino, Amélia M. Silva, and Eliana B. Souto. "Hydrogels for Modified-release Drug Delivery Systems." Current Pharmaceutical Design 28, no. 8 (March 2022): 609–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612828666211230114755.

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Abstract: Hydrogels for the modified-release drug delivery systems are a continuously growing area of interest for the pharmaceutical industry. According to the global market, the profit resulting from the use of polymers in this area is projected to reach $31.4 million by 2027. This review discusses the recent advances in and perspectives of hydrogel in drug delivery systems for oral, parenteral, nasal, topical, and ophthalmic delivery. The search was conducted, in January 2021, in an extensive database to identify studies published from January 2010 to December 2020. We described the main characteristic of the polymers to obtain an ideal hydrogel for a specific route of administration and the formulations. It was concluded that the hydrogels are useful to decrease the number of doses and side effects, promote adhesion of patient, and enhance the bioavailability of the drugs, thus improving the safety and efficacy of the treatment.

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Ray, Sudhir Kumar, Nargish Bano, Tripti Shukla, Neeraj Upmanyu, Sharad P. Pandey, and Geeta Parkhe. "Noisomes: as novel vesicular drug delivery system." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 8, no. 6 (November 15, 2018): 335–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i6.2029.

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Target-specific drug-delivery systems for the administration of pharmaceutical compounds enable the localization of drugs to target sites within the body. The basic component of drug delivery systems is an appropriate carrier that protects the drug from rapid degradation or clearance and thereby enhances drug concentration in target tissues. Niosome are microscopic non-ionic surfactant bilayer vesicles obtained on hydration of synthetic nonionic surfactants, with or without incorporation of cholesterol or their lipids. The amphiphilic nature of niosomes promotes their efficiency in encapsulating lipophilic or hydrophilic drugs. Noisome are promising vehicle for drug delivery and being non-ionic, more stable, inexpensive, biodegradable, biocompatible, non immunogenic and exhibit flexibility in their structural characterization. Various additives in niosomes include nonionic surfactant as film forming agent, cholesterol as stabilizing and rigidizing agent for the bilayer and various charge inducers which develop a charge on the surface of niosomes and stabilize the prepared formulation by the resulting repulsive forces. Niosomes have been widely evaluated for controlled release and targeted delivery for the treatment of cancer, viral infections, microbial diseases, psoriasis, leishmaniasis, migraine, parkinson and other diseases. Niosomes can prolong the circulation of the entrapped drug in body. Encapsulation of drug in vesicular system can be predicted to prolong the existence of drug in the systemic circulation and enhance penetration into target tissue, perhaps reduce toxicity if selective uptake can be achieved. In addition to conventional, oral and parenteral routes, they are amenable to be delivered by ocular, transdermal, vaginal and inhalation routes. Delivery of biotechnological products including vaccine delivery with niosomes is also an interesting and promising research area. More concerted research efforts, however, are still required to realize the full potential of these novel systems. This review article focuses on the concept of niosomes, advantages and disadvantages, composition, method of preparation, separation of unentrapped drug, factors influencing the niosomal formulation and characterization, marketed formulations of niosomes and also gives up to date information regarding recent applications of niosomes in drug delivery. Keyword: Drug-delivery system, Niosomes,

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Chen, Zhongjian, Wei Wu, and Yi Lu. "What is the future for nanocrystal-based drug-delivery systems?" Therapeutic Delivery 11, no. 4 (April 2020): 225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/tde-2020-0016.

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Nanocrystals are used as a drug-delivery platform for poorly water-soluble drugs and have had commercial success in oral drug delivery. We assert that the future of this technique is with cancer treatment and in the development of parenteral preparations. Advances in techniques for uniform and high-quality nanocrystals as well as deciphering the in vivo fate of nanocrystals are critical. The bottom-up technique allows for better control of particle properties, while the hybrid nanocrystal technique provides a novel approach to explore the in vivo fate of nanocrystals. Breakthroughs in these two techniques to further the development of nanocrystals are also discussed.

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Shrestha, Shubham, and Sankha Bhattacharya. "Versatile Use of Nanosponge in the Pharmaceutical Arena: A Mini-Review." Recent Patents on Nanotechnology 14, no. 4 (December 24, 2020): 351–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1872210514999200901200558.

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Drug delivery for a long time has been a major problem in the pharmaceutical field. The development of a new Nano-carrier system called nanosponge has shown the potential to solve the problem. Nanosponge has a porous structure and can entrap the drug in it. It can carry both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. They also provide controlled release of the drugs and can also protect various substances from degradation. Nanosponge can increase the solubility of drugs and can also be formulated into an oral, topical and parenteral dosage form. The current review explores different preparation techniques, characterization parameters, as well as various applications of nanosponge. Various patents related to nanosponge drug delivery system have been discussed in this study.

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Shi, Yi, and Luk Li. "Current advances in sustained-release systems for parenteral drug delivery." Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery 2, no. 6 (November 2005): 1039–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/17425247.2.6.1039.

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Acemoglu, M. "Chemistry of polymer biodegradation and implications on parenteral drug delivery." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 277, no. 1-2 (June 2004): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2003.06.002.

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Constantinides, Panayiotis P., Mahesh V. Chaubal, and Robert Shorr. "Advances in lipid nanodispersions for parenteral drug delivery and targeting." Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 60, no. 6 (March 2008): 757–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2007.10.013.

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Bilal J., Shaikh, Patil Abhishek S., Bhosale Ankush S., Raut Indrayani D., and Nitalikar Manojkumar M. "NANOSPONGES: AN EVOLUTIONARY TREND FOR TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicine 6, no. 6 (June 30, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.47760/ijpsm.2021.v06i06.001.

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Recent developments in nanotechnology have made the framework for the growth of new nanoscale biomaterials with numerous potential uses in nanomedicine. The nanosponge is a new and emerging technology that can be used to target medicine delivery in a precise and regulated manner. Nanosponge is an important component of advanced medication delivery. It is a specialized assisting system for regulated medication delivery of both lipophilic and hydrophilic medicines in a regulated manner. Effective medication delivery at a specific location allowed for more exact control of release rates and boosted health-care system compliance, but the chemistry having complex shape complicated things. The invention of nanosponges, on the other hand, has provided significant approach to tackling this problem. The technology of Nanosponge has been studied widely for the delivery of drugs for oral, topical, and parental administration. Enzymes, proteins, vaccines, and antibodies can all be delivered effectively using nanosponges. It is more effective for targeted drug delivery systems because it improves solubility, bioavailability, and decreases side effects by releasing the drug at specific site. It has the ability to improve drug solubility and can be manufactured into oral, topical, and parenteral dose forms. This type of carrier system is best for drugs with low bioavailability. Nanosponges can contain both lipophilic and hydrophilic medicines. Nanosponges are extremely permeable, with a high proclivity for ensuring dynamic particles and programmable delivery. This review article discusses nanosponges in general, their advantages & disadvantages, mechanism; factors influence nanosponge, preparation methods, evaluation parameters as well as applications.

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Maha, Abu Hajleh, and Al-Dujaili Emad A.S. "HYDROPHOBIC ION-PAIRED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: A REVIEW." INDIAN DRUGS 57, no. 01 (January 28, 2020): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.57.01.12071.

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Hydrophobic ion-pairing (HIP) complexation technique has been displayed to modify the physicochemical properties, solubility, oral absorption, bioavailability, and the lipophilicity of an ionic drug in the lipid phase. This could affect a higher permeation through biological membranes. HIP complexation was considered through the formation of a neutral molecule by electrostatic interaction of ionizable groups of drugs with oppositely charged functional groups of a complex-forming agent. Subsequently, this ion-pair may encapsulate into many delivery systems. The objective of this manuscript was to study the effectiveness of ion-pair complextion and cover the update application of this strategy through several routes of administration such as ocular, oral, pulmonary, transdermal, and parenteral.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Parenteral drug delivery'

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