Academic literature on the topic 'Parenteral solutions'

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Journal articles on the topic "Parenteral solutions"

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Creber, Elizabeth, Frank Shann, Peter McDougall, and Richard Gill. "Parenteral nutrition solutions." Medical Journal of Australia 143, no. 8 (1985): 368–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1985.tb123072.x.

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Montanari, Andrew, and Peter Murney. "Parenteral drug solutions." Australian Prescriber 31, no. 6 (2008): 143–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18773/austprescr.2008.082.

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Urquhart, J. S. "Parenteral nutrition solutions." Medical Journal of Australia 144, no. 1 (1986): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1986.tb113642.x.

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Ferrie, Suzie, Sharon Carey, Rachelle Ryan, et al. "Parenteral Nutrition With Standard Solutions." Journal of Infusion Nursing 37, no. 6 (2014): 424–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nan.0000000000000077.

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Zahavi, I., E. A. Shaffer, and D. G. Gall. "Total Parenteral Nutrition." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 4, no. 4 (1985): 622–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.1985.tb08919.x.

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SummaryTo assess the basis of cholestasis associated with total parenteral nutrition (TPN), we studied the short term effect of the component solutions on bile flow and bile salt secretion in infant and adult rabbits. Groups of four to six adult and infant rabbits received intravenously 154 mM NaCl (control), 2.5% amino acid, 10% glucose, or 10% fat emulsion alone or in combination. Bile was collected directly from the common bile duct for 3 h. Solutions containing both amino acids and glucose significantly (p < 0.05) reduced bile flow and bile salt secretion in both age groups. Glucose alone also decreased bile flow and bile salt secretion, whereas amino acids as the sole infusate significantly (p < 0.05) decreased bile flow only. The suppressive effect of the amino acid glucose solutions on bile flow was more pronounced in infants than in adults. Fat emulsion alone had no effect on bile formation. Our findings demonstrate that short term intravenous administration of nutrient solutions containing amino acids and glucose reduces bile flow and bile salt secretion, suggesting that these components are responsible for TPN associated cholestasis.
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Advenier, Emmanuelle, Caroline Landry, Virginie Colomb, et al. "Aluminum Contamination of Parenteral Nutrition and Aluminum Loading in Children on Long‐Term Parenteral Nutrition." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 36, no. 4 (2003): 448–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.2003.tb08051.x.

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ABSTRACTBackgroundChildren who are receiving parenteral nutrition are at risk of aluminum overload, which may contribute to such side effects as osteopenic bone disease. The aim of the present study is to determine the aluminum contamination of parenteral nutrition solutions and their components, and to assess the aluminum status of children on long‐term parenteral nutrition.MethodsAluminum concentrations were determined by graphite furnace absorption spectroscopy in components and in final parenteral nutrition solutions. The urinary aluminum excretion and plasma aluminum concentration were determined in 10 children on long‐term parenteral nutrition.ResultsThe mean aluminum concentration in the administered parenteral nutrition solutions was 1.6 ± 0.9 μmol × l−1(mean ± standard deviation (SD)). The resulting mean aluminum daily intake of the 10 patients was 0.08 ± 0.03 μmol × kg−1 × day−1.ConclusionsCompared to two previous studies performed in 1990 and in 1995 in our hospital, the aluminum contamination of parenteral nutrition solutions and the daily aluminum intake of the children seemed to decrease. However, the plasma aluminum concentration and daily urinary aluminum excretion of the children still remain above normal standards. The children had no clinical symptoms of bone disease but aluminum accumulation in tissue can not be excluded. To prevent this iatrogenic toxicity, the aluminum contamination of parenteral nutrition should be assessed regularly.
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Popescu, Simona, Laura Diaconu, Bogdan Timar, and Romulus Timar. "Updates in Parenteral Nutrition." Romanian Journal of Diabetes Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases 21, no. 3 (2014): 213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rjdnmd-2014-0026.

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AbstractParenteral nutrition (PN) represents an alternative or additional approach when other nutrition routes are not succeeding or when using other routes is not possible or would be unsafe. The main goal of PN is to deliver a nutrient mixture closely related to requirements in a safe manner and without complications. The concentration of parenteral solutions (PS) determines their osmolarity, according to which, the solutions will be infused by peripheral or central venous access. The solutions used in central PN contain more glucose, which, together with amino acids and electrolytes, determines a hyperosmolar solution, which has to be administered in a large caliber vein. Central venous access may be maintained over long periods of time. In peripheral PN there are used solutions with a lower concentration of dextrose in order to obtain (solutions with the) an osmolarity lower than 900 mOsm/L, which can be administered in a peripheral vein. Peripheral PN is used over short periods of time because of the limited tolerance for a long term of peripheral veins. PN is an efficient method to ensure the nutritional support which can be associated with numerous complications, some of them severe, with lethal potential. Patients with PN need a daily physical examination and laboratory tests.
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Signoretti, E. Ciranni, A. Dell'utri, L. Paoletti, D. Batisti, and L. Montanari. "Parenteral Solutions: Nature of Particulate Matter." Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy 14, no. 1 (1988): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03639048809151956.

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Klein, G. L. "Aluminum in parenteral solutions revisited—again." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 61, no. 3 (1995): 449–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/61.3.449.

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Laborie, Sophie, Angélique Denis, Gilles Dassieu, et al. "Shielding Parenteral Nutrition Solutions From Light." Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 39, no. 6 (2014): 729–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0148607114537523.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Parenteral solutions"

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Khan, Khurshid. "Fuel utilisation in the human forearm tissues with emphasis on glutamine metabolism." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282012.

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Santos, Carolina Alves dos. "Avaliação da estabilidade dos fármacos furosemida e aminofilina em soluções parenterais de grande volume. Utilização da proteína verde fluorescente (GFP) como biossensor da estabilidade de fármacos em soluções parenterais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9135/tde-22032007-093540/.

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A avaliação da estabilidade dos medicamentos e sua correta utilização em diferentes veículos de infusão são fundamentais para garantir a manutenção das características terapêuticas do fármaco e para promover minimização de eventos adversos. Incompatibilidades entre as estruturas dos fármacos, em diferentes veículos de administração, podem gerar possíveis associações antagônicas ou sinérgicas, resultando em alterações das propriedades físico-químicas e, consequentemente, dos efeitos farmacológicos e das respostas clínicas esperadas. A proteína verde fluorescente (GFP) por apresentar propriedades de sensibilidade e especificidade, mostra-se promissora como potencial biossensor da estabilidade de fármacos em soluções parenterais de grande volume (SPGV), por apresentar sensibilidade a alterações das propriedades físico-químicas do meio. GFP é uma proteína compacta, globular e ácida, composta de um monômero de 27kDa, que vem sendo extensivamente utilizada como indicador biológico em processos de esterilização e desinfecção devido a sua estabilidade a altas temperaturas. O surgimento de métodos analíticos modernos e de alta precisão como a espectrofotometria de UV e a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC), alinhados a potencial utilização das proteínas fluorescentes como forma de avaliar as alterações da estabilidade de fármacos nas SPGV, vêm contribuir para a correta e racional utilização dos medicamentos no ambiente hospitalar. Diante disso a avaliação da estabilidade do coquetel de fármacos composto por furosemida e aminofilina em solução parenteral de 20% manitol e 0,9% NaCl foi sugerida. Amostras foram preparadas nas seguintes soluções (v/v): 20% manitol ou 0,9% NaCl na seguintes proporções utilizadas frequentemente na prática clínica: (i) 80% solução parenteral adicionada de 16% furosemida e 4% água para injeção (excipiente do fármaco aminofilina), (ii) 80% solução parenteral adicionada de 4% aminofilina e 16% água para injeção + NaOH (excipiente do fármaco furosemida), (iii) 80% solução parenteral, adicionada de 16% furosemida e 4% aminofilina (coquetel). As amostras foram avaliadas em espectrofotômetro imediatamente após o preparo e após um período 20h, em y=228nm e y=275nm para os fármacos furosemida e aminofilina, respectivamente. Para os fármacos individualmente associados às SPGV na faixa de pH 10-11, as concentrações finais obtidas foram correspondente ás inicialmente adicionadas e para o fármaco aminofilina foi estável até o período de 20h. Para avaliar a estabilidade dos fármacos associados à solução de 20% manitol a utilização de HPLC mostrou manutenção da estabilidade dos fármacos durante o período de infusão de até 20h. A proteína GFP adicionada as soluções das amostras na concentração 8?g/mL e determinada em espectrofluorímetro (yex=394nm, yem=509nm), mostrou resultados promissores quanto ao sua potencial utilização como biossensor da estabilidade dos fármacos furosemida e aminofilina nas soluções parenterais, mostrando comportamento de concentração e intensidade de fluorescência característicos e proporcionais a perda da estabilidade das soluções. A utilização de proteínas fluorescentes como potencial biossensor da estabilidade de fármacos em soluções parenterais é importante por fornecer parâmetros que garantam a eficácia dos medicamentos veiculados em soluções parenterais, racionalizando a sua utilização no ambiente hospitalar.<br>Parenteral solutions (PS) are used as vehicles in drugs administration to the organism. The development of analytical techniques that enables the detection of incompatibilities between drugs and PS is mandatory to guarantee their correct association with minimum adverse events. Incompatibilities of drugs in different infusion vehicles change according to physical-chemical properties of solutions, because of the molecular structure, chemical compounds used for preservation and stability of PS components. This fact can promote antagonic or synergic effects with loss of clinical response. The green fluorescent protein (GFP) is compact, globular, and acidic, with 27KDa and has been used as a biologic indicator of sterilization and disinfection process because it is easily detected using UV light, spectrofluorometry, with high thermal stability. GFP specificity and sensibility to physical-chemical changes in the media favors its use as a biosensor for drugs stability in parenteral solutions. The development of analytical methods such as spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in association with the fluorescent properties of some proteins enable the detection of potential incompatibilities between drugs and parenteral solutions, promoting a rational utilization of drugs in hospital. The evaluation of a diuretic cocktail with furosemide and aminophylline administrated in parenteral solutions of 20% mannitol and 0.9% NaCl was studied. Samples were prepared either in 20% mannitol or 0.9 % NaCl (PS), as follows: (i) 80% parenteral solution added with 16% furosemide and 4% WFI (solvent for aminophylline), (ii) 80% parenteral solution 4% aminophylline and 16% WFI+NaOH (pH 9-10, solvent for furosemide), (iii) 80% parenteral solution, added with 16% furosemide and 4% aminophylline (cocktail). Samples were diluted and prepared in a pH range of 6.5-7.5 and pH 10-11 for aminophylline and furosemide, individually and associated. The samples were prepared with PS including the excipients used in the drugs formulations. The absorbance was determined immediately after preparation and after 20 hours at 25°C and y= 228 nm, 275 nm, respectively for furosemide and aminophylline. GFP stability was determined in a spectrofluorometer (yex=394nm, yem=509nm) by adding 8 µg/mL of the purified protein in a 3.0mL sample (25°C) and the fluorescence intensity was evaluated after 20 hours. For both drugs in parenteral solutions (pH 10-11) the final concentrations observed were similar to the expected, aminophylline was also stable after 20h. When both drugs were associated in parenteral solutions of 20% mannitol, the use of HPLC showed stability for both drugs in the first 20h. The fluorescence intensity of GFP added to the samples was determined in spectrofluorometer (yex=394nm, yem=509nm), showing that fluorescence intensity was proportional to the drugs stability loss. Therefore, the utilization of fluorescence proteins is important to assure the drugs effectiveness and rational utilization in hospital places.
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Scheithauer, Marc O. "Einfluss der intraperitonealen Gabe von Varidase (R) auf die Anastomosenheilung an Rattencolon." München : Universität München, 1994. http://books.google.com/books?id=XxtsAAAAMAAJ.

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Thomovsky, Elizabeth. "The effects of temperature and admixture handling on lipid emulsion stability in centrally administered veterinary parenteral nutrition (PN) admixtures." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5692.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.<br>"May 2008" The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Includes bibliographical references.
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Vente, Johannes Pieter. "Branched chain amino acid enrichment of total parenteral nutrition solutions a prospective randomized double blind study in septic and traumatized patients /." Maastricht : Maastricht : Datawyse ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1991. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5671.

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Noremberg, Simone Moraes da Silva. "Influência da formação de hidroxialuminosilicatos na biodisponibilidade do alumínio." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2010. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10462.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>Solutions for parenteral nutrition may be contaminated by aluminum and silicate due to their storage in containers made of glass and due to the sterilization process (autoclave), which promotes the lixiviation of these glass constituents into the solution. The simultaneous presence of Al and silicate may lead to the formation of insoluble hydroxyaluminosilicates and the formation of particulate matter in solution. The presence of particulate matter in solutions for parenteral administration should be controlled because of the risk posed to the patients, thus, pharmacopoeias and regulatory agencies, limit the particle size to 10 Om e 25 Om in a determined volume of solution. In this study, the method of membrane filtration was used to investigate the distribution profile of particles, considering their size, in solutions containing Al (0.5 mg/L) and silicate (0.5; 1.0; 5.0; 10; and 20 mg/L), in the presence or not of 2% calcium gluconate or 1 M potassium dihydrogenphosphate (parenteral solutions presenting the highest contamination by Al and silicate). After 24 h, 1, 2, 3, and 6 months the solutions were prepared, aliquots of 2 mL were filtered in membranes of 0.1; 0.2; and 0.45 Om, and the Al and silicate were measured in the filtrates by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS). The interference of silicon on the Al measurement by GF-AAS was investigated, and pyrolysis and atomization temperatures were optimized. For Si measurement, chemical modifiers, such as Pd+Mg, Pd only, CaCl2 and Pd+Ca, were tested, and pyrolysis and atomization temperatures were also optimized. Particle sizes as well as their distribution as a percentage were also measured. The formation of hydroxyaluminosilicates was observed in solutions containing 0.5 mg/L Al and silicate in a concentration ≥ 10 mg/L, since for these conditions Al was not retained by the membranes. Particle size distribution confirmed this result, as the particles formed in the presence of a higher concentration of silicate (20 mg/L) were between 0.011 e 0.1 Om. Differently, particles formed in solutions with lower silicate concentration were retained by the membranes. In the presence of calcium gluconate or potassium dihydrogenphosphate it was not possible to observe the formation of hydroxyaluminosilicates. Nevertheless, it was possible to verify that the size of the particles in these solutions was not bigger than the recommended by the regulatory agencies.<br>Soluções para nutrição parenteral (aminoácidos, glicose, oligoelementos, entre outras) podem se apresentar contaminadas por alumínio e silicato devido à sua armazenagem em recipientes de vidro e ao processo de esterilização (autoclave) que promove a lixiviação destes componentes do vidro para a solução. A presença simultânea de Al e silicato pode levar á formação de hidroxialuminosilicatos insolúveis e a formação de partículas em solução. A presença de material particulado em soluções para administração parenteral deve ser controlada devido ao risco para os pacientes, assim, farmacopéias e órgãos de regulamentação, limitam o tamanho de partículas em 10 Om e 25 Om em um determinado volume de solução. Neste trabalho, o método de filtração em membrana foi usado para investigar o perfil de distribuição do tamanho de partículas formadas em soluções contendo alumínio (0,5 mg/L) e silício (0,5; 1,0; 5,0; 10 e 20 mg/L), na presença ou ausência de gluconato de Ca 2% ou dihidrogenofosfato de potássio 1M (soluções parenterais com os mais altos níveis de contaminação por Al e silicato). Transcorridos 24h, 1 mês, 2 meses, 3 meses ou 6 meses do preparo, alíquotas de 2 mL das soluções foram filtradas, em filtros de porosidade 0,1; 0,2 ou 0,45 Om e o alumínio e silício foram determinados no filtrado por espectrometria de absorção atômica com forno de grafite (GF-AAS). Verificou-se o efeito interferente da presença do Si na determinação de Al e escolheu-se a melhor temperatura de pirólise e atomização para ser usada. Para a melhoria e aumento do sinal na medida de Si testou-se a utilização de alguns modificadores: Pd+Mg, somente Pd, CaCl2 ou Pd+Ca e também fez-se a escolha da melhor temperatura de pirólise e atomização para a sua determinação. Ainda, foram medidos o tamanho das partículas e a porcentagem de distribuição destas em solução. Foi constatada a formação de hidroxialuminosilicatos em soluções com concentração de Al 0,5 mg/L e de Si igual ou maior a 10 mg/L, pois nessas condições o Al passa pelos filtros das membranas. A distribuição das partículas pelo tamanho confirma esse resultado, pois há a formação de partículas menores (entre 0,011 e 0,1 Om) quando o Si está presente em concentração maior (20 mg/L) quando comparadas com as formadas em 1 mg/L ou sem adição deste. Em meio gluconato de Ca 2% e dihidrogenofosfato de potássio 1M não foi possível identificar a formação de hidroxialuminosilicatos, através dos métodos utilizados. Entretanto, pode-se verificar que não há a formação de partículas maiores que as recomendadas pelos órgãos de regulamentação para estas soluções.
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Santos, Carolina Alves dos. "Estabilidade dos fármacos ceftazidima e aminofilina em soluções parenterais de grande volume (SPGV) carreados pelo copolímero Pluronic® F68. Emprego da proteína verde fluorescente (GFP) como biossensor da estabilidade de fármacos em SPGV." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9135/tde-31012011-152642/.

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Diante da extensa utilização de fármacos associados às soluções parenterais de grande volume (SPGV) e muitas vezes da impossibilidade da administração dos mesmos em diferentes veículos de infusão, sejam pela perda da estabilidade ou por insolubilidade destes, a utilização de copolímeros como carreadores de fármacos vêm a favorecer a associação destes às SPGV. Este trabalho visa avaliar a estabilidade dos fármacos ceftazidima e aminofilina nas SPGV carreados pelo copolímero Pluronic® F68 e o estudo da GFP como potencial biossensor da estabilidade de fármacos nas SPGV. A estabilidade dos fármacos ceftazidima (320ug/mL) e aminofilina (160ug/mL) em SPGV foi avaliada, na presença e na ausência de Pluronic® F68, através da utilização de HPLC logo após preparo e após período de 24hs, usando sistema Schimadzu LC10, LC-solution software, Schimadzu C18, fluxo 0,5mL/min, detecção em &#955;=255nm (ceftazidima) e &#955;=275nm (aminofilina), volume de injeção 20uL, 25ºC. A determinação da concentração mínima inibitória (CMI) foi realizada em amostras de ceftazidima (240ug/mL) na presença e na ausência de Pluronic® em SPGV de 5% glicose usando E. coli ATCC 25922 e P.eruginosa ATCC 9721 na concentração de 106UFC/mL . Pluronic® F68 foi utilizado nas amostras para avaliação da estabilidade dos fármacos ceftazidima e aminofilina na concentração 10% m/m. Resultados mostraram uma incompatibilidade entre a associação dos fármacos em SPGV de 5% glicose, com perda de concentração de 25% do fármaco ceftazidima na ausência de Pluronic®. Nos ensaios de CMI realizados com fármaco ceftazidima em SPGV de 5% glicose observou-se uma melhora dos valores de CMI quando o fármaco foi associado ao copolímero Pluronic® para ambos os microrganismos estudados. O estudo da GFP mostrou que fatores como (i) as propriedades físico-químicas dos fármacos, (ii) valores de pH das soluções e (iii) interações entre a proteína e as SPGV, podem favorecer mudanças de intensidade de fluorescência da GFP (determinada em espectrofluorímetro &#955;ex=394nm, &#955;em=509nm), favorecendo seu potencial emprego como biossensor da estabilidade de fármacos.<br>Drug association administered through parenteral solutions is a common hospital practice. Copolymers as carriers in parenteral solutions may allow originally unstable or insoluble drug combinations, or even improve their action. The aim of this work was to evaluate the stability of ceftazidime and aminophylline in parenteral solutions carried by Pluronic® F68, besides the application of the green fluorescent protein as a biossensor of drug stability. To evaluate the stability of ceftazidime (320 &#181;g/mL) and aminophylline (160 &#181;g/mL) carried by Pluronic® F68 (10%) in parenteral solutions, HPLC measurements were made immediately after the drug mixture preparation and after 24 hours, detected at &#955;=255nm (ceftazidime) and &#955;=275nm (aminophylline). In addition, minimal inhibitory concentration test (MIC) was used to determine the biological activity of ceftazidime (240 &#181;g/mL) in 5% glucose parenteral solution, with or without Pluronic® F68 (10%). The strains tested by MIC were E. coli ATCC 25922 and P.aeruginosa ATCC 9721 (106UFC/mL). The HPLC experiments showed incompatibility of ceftazidime and aminophylline associated in 5% glucose parenteral solution, with 25% loss for ceftazidime without Pluronic® F68. MIC analysis for ceftazidime, with or without aminophylline, showed that lower antibiotic concentration values were required to inhibit E. coli and P.aeruginosa growth, when the copolymer Pluronic® F68 was present in the samples. It was also showed that physical chemical drugs alterations, pH values and protein-parenteral solution interactions can change GFP fluorescence intensity (detected by espectrofluorimeter &#955;ex=394nm, &#955;em=509nm). These data endorse the potential of this protein as a biosensor of drug stability in parenteral solutions.
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Kunz, Simone Noremberg. "Hidroxialuminosilicatos e a biodisponibilidade do Alumínio: avaliação in vivo." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4243.

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Aluminium (Al) and silicon (Si) are contaminants found in substances used in the parenteral nutrition (PN). Because of its large volume, nutrition and infusion solutions are pharmaceutical products parenterally administered, which present higher risks of adverse effects when contaminated. Insoluble and biologically inert species of hydroxyaluminosilicates (HAS) may be formed in solutions containing Al and Si when pH > 4.5. This chemical interaction is considered of great interest in biology because of its possible role in detoxification or protection against metal toxicity. In this study the Al bioavailability was investigated in the presence of Si and some PN components in vivo. Al and Si body distribution in Wistar rats was analyzed after 60 administrations of Al 0.5 mg/kg/day and/or Si 2 mg/kg/day in the presence or absence of calcium gluconate or potassium dihydrogenphosphate in concentrations similar to those used in the PN solutions. δ -Aminolevulinic acid dehydratase enzyme activity and tiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) content was also evaluated in animal tissues. Tissue digestion methods were optimized for the determination of both Al and Si in the same samples by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GFAAS). Better Al and Si recoveries in animal tissue samples occurred after dissolution with tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) using Si 15 mg/L as modifier for Al determination and Pd 2 g/L for Si. Before the measurements, graphite furnace was coated with Zr following a specific heating program. Al accumulated in all tissues, especially in the liver, kidneys, bones and blood. Si decreased Al accumulation, this effect was less pronounced in the presence of PN components though. Si tissue accumulation was also observed, mainly when administered together with phosphate. Although Al was deposited in the tissues, pronounced toxicity effects were not observed. Increase in lipidic peroxidation was observed in a few tissues. When δ-ALA-D activity was altered, it was increased in Al treated groups, mainly in Ca gluconate treatment. As a conclusion, Si did not decrease Al deposition and therefore the metal biodisponibility amidst the NP components.<br>O alumínio (Al) e o silício (Si) são contaminantes encontrados em substâncias usadas na nutrição parenteral (NP). Devido ao seu grande volume, soluções de nutrição e de infusão são os fármacos, administrados por via parenteral, que apresentam mais efeitos adversos se contiverem contaminantes. Hidroxialuminosilicatos (HAS) insolúveis e biologicamente inertes podem se formar em soluções contendo Al e Si quando o pH > 4,5. Esta interação química é considerada de grande interesse no campo biológico devido ao seu possível papel na desintoxicação ou proteção contra a toxicidade do metal. Neste trabalho, foi investigada a biodisponibilidade do Al na presença do Si e de alguns componentes da NP in vivo. Primeiramente otimizou-se os métodos de abertura de tecido biológico para análise de Al e Si coexistentes nas amostras por espectromentria de absorção atômica com forno de grafite. Foi analisada a distribuição do Al e Si no organismo de ratos Wistar após 60 administrações de 0,5 mg/kg/dia de Al e/ou 2 mg/kg/dia de Si na presença ou não de gluconato de cálcio ou dihidrogenofosfato de potássio em concentrações semelhantes as usadas nas soluções de NP. Foi também avaliada a atividade da enzima δ-aminolevulinato desidratase (δ-ALA-D) e espécies reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) nos tecidos dos animais. As melhores recuperações de Al e Si nas amostras de tecido animal ocorreram após dissolução com hidróxido de tetrametilamônio (HTMA) utilizando Si 15 mg/L como modificador para determinação de Al e Pd 2 g/L para Si. Foi necessário o recobrimento do forno com Zr para a medida das amostras dissolvidas com HTMA. O Al se acumulou em todos os tecidos, principalmente no fígado, rim, osso e sangue. O Si diminuiu o acúmulo do metal nos tecidos, mas esse efeito é menos pronunciado em meio aos componentes da NP. Foi observado o depósito de Si nos tecidos, principalmente no tratamento com fosfato. Apesar do Al ter se depositado nos tecidos, não foram observados efeitos pronunciados de toxicidade. Em poucos tecidos observou-se aumento na peroxidação lipídica nos tratamentos e a atividade da enzima δ-ALA-D, quando alterada, aparece aumentada nos grupos tratados com Al, principalmente no tratamento com gluconato de Ca. Como conclusão, o Si não diminui a deposição do Al e, portanto, a biodisponibilidade do metal em meio aos componentes da NP.
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Unger, Nina [Verfasser], Ulrike [Gutachter] Holzgrabe, and Oliver [Gutachter] Scherf-Clavel. "Stability of Tryptophan in Parenteral Amino Acid Solutions: Identification of Degradation Products and Development of HPLC Analysis Methods / Nina Unger ; Gutachter: Ulrike Holzgrabe, Oliver Scherf-Clavel." Würzburg : Universität Würzburg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1205259112/34.

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Garib, Ricardo Alexandre. "Efeito da administração parenteral de glutamina sobre a modulação da resposta inflamatória sistêmica, morbidade e mortalidade de ratos submetidos à pancreatite aguda." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5168/tde-21012016-154946/.

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INTRODUÇÃO: Relatos conflitantes têm dificultado para se estabelecer o potencial benefício da glutamina (GLN) no tratamento de condições inflamatórias agudas. Nós avaliamos o efeito da infusão parenteral de GLN, prévia à pancreatite aguda (PA) experimental, nos mediadores inflamatórios, morbidade e mortalidade. MÉTODOS: Ratos Lewis (n = 131) receberam glutamina parenteral (grupo GG), solução salina (grupo SS ou controle), ou permaneceram sem infusão parenteral (grupo Sham) por 48h. Após este período, foi induzida PA por meio da injecção retrógrada de taurocolato de sódio no ducto pancreático. Sangue, amostras de pulmão, fígado, pâncreas e líquido ascítico foram colhidos a partir de 2, 12 e 24 horas após PA para avaliação das variáveis propostas (citocinas, hsp, histologia, amilase). Sessenta animais permaneceram vivos após PA para a análise da mortalidade em sete dias. RESULTADOS: A análise entre grupos não mostrou diferenças significativas nos níveis de citocinas (p > 0,05). Análise cinética dentro de cada grupo ao longo do tempo mostrou maior INF-y no grupo Sham e SS às 2h do que em 12h e 24h, maior IL-2 e inferior IL-10 no Sham, às 24h do que em 2h e 12h, e menor IL-10 no SS e GG em 24 h do que no tempo de 2h (p <= 0.05). O grupo GG exibiu maior expressão de HSP 90 no pulmão e no fígado do que no grupo Sham nos tempos de 2h e 12h, respectivamente; e maior expressão no fígado de HSP90 e HSP70 no grupo SS no tempo 12 horas (p < 0,01). O grupo Sham apresentou maior expressão de HSP 70 no pulmão e HSP 90 no fígado do que os outros grupos no tempo de 24h. Não ocorreram alterações na taxa de mortalidade. CONCLUSÕES: Em modelo de PA experimental induzida por taurocolato de sódio, o pré-tratamento com GLN parenteral melhorou o perfil dos mediadores inflamatórios, sem afetar a mortalidade<br>INTRODUCTION: Conflicting reports have hindered establish the potential glutamine (GLN) benefit in treating acute inflammatory conditions. We evaluated the effect of parenteral GLN infusion before experimental acute pancreatitis (AP), as systemic inflammation-reproducing model, on inflammatory mediators and mortality. METHODS: Lewis rats (n=131) received parenteral glutamine (GG group), saline (SS or Control group), or remained without parenteral infusion ( Sham group) for 48h. Thereafter, AP was induced by retrograde injection of sodium taurocholate into pancreatic duct. Blood, lung, liver and pancreas samples were collected from 2, 12 and 24h post-AP to assess serum cytokines levels, tissue HSP expression, histology and amylase. Sixty animals remained alive post-PA for seven-day mortality analysis. RESULTS: Punctual between-groups analysis did not show differences in cytokine levels (p > 0.05). Intragroup analysis over time showed higher INF-y in Sham and SS at 2h than at 12h and 24h, higher IL-2 and lower IL-10 in Sham at 24h than at 2h and 12h, and lower IL-10 in SS and GG at 24h than at 2h timepoint (p <= 0.05). GG group exhibited higher lung and liver HSP90 than Sham at 2h and 12h timepoints, respectively; and higher liver HSP90 and HSP70 than SS at 12h timepoint (p < 0.01). Sham group presented higher lung HSP70 and liver HSP90 than the others at 24h timepoint (p < 0.02). No changes occurred on mortality rate. CONCLUSIONS: In sodium taurocholate-induced PA model, pretreatment with parenteral GLN improved inflammatory mediator\'s profile, without affecting mortality
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Books on the topic "Parenteral solutions"

1

1918-, Avis Kenneth E., Lieberman Herbert A. 1920-, and Lachman Leon 1929-, eds. Pharmaceutical dosage forms: Parenteral medications. 2nd ed. M. Dekker, 1992.

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Derenski, Karrie, Jessica Monczka, and Laura J. Medow. A.S.P.E.N. parenteral nutrition workbook: Cases and worksheets for adult, pediatric, and neonatal patients. Edited by American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 2016.

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Association, Parenteral Drug, ed. Depyrogenation. The Association, 1985.

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Association, Parenteral Drug, ed. Conference proceedings. Parenteral Drug Association, 1987.

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J, Burgess Diane, ed. Injectable dispersed systems: Formulation, processing, and performance. Taylor&Francis, 2005.

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Akers, Michael J. Parenteral quality control: Sterility, pyrogen, particulate, and package integrity testing. 3rd ed. Marcel Dekker, 2003.

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Morton, Guazzo Dana, ed. Parenteral quality control: Sterility, pyrogen, particulate, and package integrity testing. 2nd ed. M. Dekker, 1994.

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American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, ed. Handbook on injectable drugs. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc., 2017.

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Trissel, Lawrence A. Supplement to Handbook on injectable drugs. 8th ed. American Society of Hospital Pharmacists, 1995.

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Trissel, Lawrence A. Handbook on injectable drugs. 5th ed. American Society of Hospital Pharmacists, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Parenteral solutions"

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Groves, M. J. "Instrumental Particle Size Analysis Procedures for Parenteral Solutions." In ACS Symposium Series. American Chemical Society, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1991-0472.ch008.

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Mosa, Shereen, and Nehad Nasef. "Light-Exposed Parenteral Nutrition Solutions and Implications for Preterm Infants." In Diet and Nutrition in Critical Care. Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8503-2_98-1.

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Mosa, Shereen, and Nehad Nasef. "Light-Exposed Parenteral Nutrition Solutions and Implications for Preterm Infants." In Diet and Nutrition in Critical Care. Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7836-2_98.

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Vessoni Penna, Thereza Christina, Marcelo Marques, Irena A. Machoshvili, and Marina Ishii. "The Effect of Composition of Parenteral Solution on the Thermal Resistance of Bacillus stearothermophilus and Bacillus subtilis Spores." In Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals. Humana Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0119-9_44.

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"Parenteral Nutrition Solutions." In Outpatient Nutrition Care and Home Nutrition Support. CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315381664-12.

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"Total Parenteral Nutrition Solutions." In Nutrition for the Hospitalized Patient. CRC Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482277722-22.

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"- Peptides and Proteins as Parenteral Solutions." In Pharmaceutical Formulation Development of Peptides and Proteins. CRC Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b12951-12.

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Tsallas, George. "Manufacture of TPN Solutions." In Total Parenteral Nutrition in the Hospital and at Home. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351077330-14.

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Kumar, Prof (Dr ). Umesh, and Dr Shmmon Ahmad. "STERILE FORMULATIONS - INJECTABLE, EYE DROPS AND EYE OINTMENTS." In PRELIMINARY PHARMACEUTICS. KAAV PUBLICATIONS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52458/9788196830045.2023.eb.ch-17.

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This chapter provides an in-depth exploration of sterile formulations crucial for parenteral administration and ophthalmic applications. Sterile injectables, ranging from aqueous solutions to powders, demand meticulous formulation considerations emphasizing sterility, compatibility, and stability. Eye drops, sterile ophthalmic solutions, prioritize characteristics like isotonicity and preservatives, with tailored viscosity. Eye ointments, sterile semisolid preparations, offer prolonged ocular retention, and their formulation considers sterile bases and API content uniformity. Stringent quality control, encompassing sterility, pyrogen absence, and microbial challenge testing, ensures the safety and efficacy of these sterile pharmaceutical preparations.
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Filippa, Mauricio. "Physical Pharmacy." In Advanced Pharmacy. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815049428123010003.

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In this chapter, we focus on solutions. In the introduction, general and descriptive aspects are defined, such as the classification of solutions and the addition of solids. Considering the properties of these systems, we focus on definitions related to colligative properties, and on the use of this property for the adjustment of isotonic solutions considering the selective capacity of the membranes, differentiation of tonicity and osmolarity. We also introduce the calculations necessary for the preparation of isotonic solutions with blood plasma, using the mass and volume adjustment method. The solutions require different methods of expressing their concentration, and in order to develop this point, we present the different forms of expression, with extensive detail on one of the variables, i.e., normality, very important in the formulation of parenteral solutions. Since the preparation of solutions is an important aspect, we detail the existing interactions between the solute and the solvent, specify the thermodynamic aspects that condition the solubility of the solute in the solvent, and develop variables such as polar interactions, capacities to accept or give Hydrogen bridge junctions and the energy requirement to generate space within the solvent, giving a rational look at the process of improving the capacity of the solvent to contain the solute. The dissolution rate is another variable developed through simple equations, which make an analysis of the factors that modify it, such as agitation, temperature, particle size, and diffusion coefficient. We also describe variables such as the pH and the dielectric constant of the solvent to modify solubility.
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Conference papers on the topic "Parenteral solutions"

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Silva, Sâmela Maria de Oliveira, Manuelle de Araujo Holanda, Nataniele de Albuquerque, Tainan de Andrade Rocha, and Suzana Maria de Oliveira Costa Meneses. "Hypomorilysis in the care of cancer patients in palliative care." In II INTERNATIONAL SEVEN MULTIDISCIPLINARY CONGRESS. Seven Congress, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/homeinternationalanais-093.

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Abstract In a global context in which the aging of the population and the increase in chronic-degenerative diseases, such as cancer, it is reasonable to discuss more and more about alternative methods, such as the subcutaneous route (CS), for the administration of medications and rehydration solutions when the parenteral and oral pathways are restricted or associated with the contraindication of invasive procedures.
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Werner, S., N. Ott, and S. Deuster. "3PC-010 Development of a stable parenteral solution of topiramate for emergency treatment of status epilepticus." In 28th EAHP Congress, Bordeaux, France, 20-21-22 March 2024. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2024-eahp.67.

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Roan, Esra, Alex Bada, and Randy Buddington. "Mechanical Characterization of Preterm Neonate Pig Liver as a Function of High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL)." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-39363.

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Elastography, a non-invasive imaging modality, utilizes mechanical properties of tissue as markers for disease diagnosis or staging. In the case of liver, there have been a number of studies focusing on the relationship between elastic mechanical properties and underlying disease, i.e. fibrosis and cirrhosis. In summary, these studies indicate the feasibility of elastographic tools in detecting liver diseases such as fibrosis and steatosis. There have not been any studies looking at the mechanical properties of the preterm neonate liver to date, which is important, because preterm neonates are at a greater risk for developing liver complications due to their aggressive dietary needs that are met with total parenteral nutrition (TPN). They use of elastography may be less from the use of elastographic tools since the concerns over noise levels in measurements resulting from abdominal wall thickness may be less influential. Therefore, it is necessary to establish basic preterm neonate liver mechanical properties. In this study, we measured the nonlinear (hyperelastic) mechanical properties of livers from preterm pigs that were fed common neaonatal diets, i.e. colostrum, total parenteral nutrition (TPN). 16 neonate pigs survived the feeding regime. Mechanical evaluation of 15 of these neonatal pigs was achieved with the use of uniaxial compression experiments at 0.01 s−1 strain rate. The livers averaging a weight of 34.7±7.0 (SD), were stored in phosphate buffered saline solution at 4°C until experimentation, which occurred within 30 minutes of the animal sacrifice. A minimum of three specimens from each liver was required for the computation of averaged mechanical properties. In addition to mechanical testing samples, blood serum was also obtained from these animals and common chemical parameters for liver health were measured (bilirubin, ALT, AST, HDL, LDL, etc.) Exponential form of the hyperelastic strain energy function, W = b1exp[b2(L2 + 2/L-3)], where bi are the material parameters and L is the stretch ratio, was utilized to describe the hyperelastic mechanical behavior of the preterm neonate pig livers. With the use of E = 6b1b2, a small-strain regime estimate of the elastic modulus of the neonate liver tissue was also computed. The mean b1 and b2 parameters are determined to be 97.00±44.15(SD) Pa and 1.90±0.28(SD) (n = 71). The mean elastic modulus exhibited an linear dependence on the HDL values obtained from chemical analysis of the blood serum. Moreover, although relatively weak, the ratio of the HDL over LDL also correlated with the elastic modulus. To our knowledge, this is the only study to date that has focused on the mechanical properties of preterm neonatal pigs and its correlation with liver lipid profile in neonates. Future work will focus on correlating this information with histology and then devising multi-scale material characterization approaches that link underlying neonatal liver structure to its overall mechanical properties.
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